2002年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题
PAPER ONE
Part I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 minutes, 15 points)
Section A ( 1 point each )
Directions:In this part, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The questions will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.
1. A. In about 10 minutes.
B. In about 20minutes.
C. In about 30 minutes.
D. In about 40 minutes.
2. A. They don't like their next-door neighbor.
B. They feel lonely here.
C. They find the life here tough.
D. They don t feel safe in this neighborhood.
3. A. The manager was impatient with John.
B. John was afraid of talking with the manager.
C. John was not interested in the business.
D. The room where they had the talk was a mess.
4. A. It was interesting.
B. It was boring.
C. It was moving.
D. It was an empty talk.
5. A. She often goes outing with her neighbors.
B. She thinks that her neighbors are trustworthy.
C. She thinks that her neighbors are very friendly.
D. She has much in common with her neighbors.
6. A. Jane has changed a lot.
B. Jane is artistic.
C. Jane is conscientious.
D. Jane's idea is not good enough.
7. A. She didn't like them from the very beginning.
B. She doesn't like their color.
C. Their color is too close to that of the walls.
D. Their color doesn't match that of the walls.
8. A. They are amusing and instructive.
B. They are popular and interesting.
C. They are ridiculous and boring.
D. They are uninteresting and outdated.
9. A. Because John is as clumsy as a pig.
B. Because John has never played a game like this.
C. Because John is not as competitive as other players.
D. Because John has no confidence in himself.
Section B (1 point each)
Directions: In this part you will hear two short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.
10. A. Being compulsory in most countries.
B. Covering differently according to different situations.
C. Helping the needy to survive.
D. Sharing risks of possible losses.
11. A. To prove that it is wise to spend money on insurance.
B. To prove that buying insurance is a wasted investment.
C. To tell us that the sense of security is very important in driving.
D. To tell us that accidents may take place at any time.
12. A. Business, poverty and health insurance.
B. Car, liability and life insurance.
C. Possessions, disability and health insurance.
D. Liability, home and life insurance.
13. A. They live on their parents' income.
B. They live on food given by others.
C. They live on begged food.
D. They live on potatoes only.
14. A. Their teachers died of AIDS.
B. Their parents died of AIDS.
C. They had no money to pay for the tuition.
D. They were infected with HIV.
15. A. About 4.2%.
B. About 10%.
C. About 20%.
D. Less than 30%.
Part II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )
Section A (0. 5 point each )
Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.
16. Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-loving people worldwide.
A. announced
B. forgiven
C. condemned
D. despised
17. Problems with respiration are often associated with smoking and air pollution as has been
proved.
A. aspiration
B. inspiration
C. creativity
D. breathing
18. The military operations commenced yesterday were targeted at the Taliban's military
installations.
A. set about
B. set out
C. set apart
D. set aside
19. No merchandise is currently in short supply thanks to the market economy.
A. businessman
B. commodity
C. substance
D. talent
20. It is becoming increasingly difficult for an only child to live up to the expectations of their
parents.
A. encourage
B. survive
C. arouse
D. fulfill
21. This summit talk is thought to be instrumental in bringing about peace in this region.
A. helpful
B. useless
C. harmless
D. inappropriate
22. Faced with this grim situation, top executives of this company are trying to find quick
solutions.
A. unexpected
B. undesirable
C. comforting
D. grave
23. The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators.
A. without any objections
B. in the end
C. in the dark
D. against heavy odds
24. Nobel Prize winners have been mostly scientists of international renown in some field.
A. institutions
B. standard
C. prestige
D. application
25. These natural resources will be depleted sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation
continues.
A. exhausted
B. evaluated
C. deployed
D. popularized
Section B (0. 5 point each)
Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding Letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.
26. Harry Potter was originally _____ for children or teenagers, yet many adults have come to be
crazy about the book.
A. extended
B. intended
C. inclined
D. directed
27. This experienced author was able to _____ the lifetime's work of Jefferson into one volume.
A. suppress
B. compress
C. express
D. depress
28. A Frenchman who has an unusually sensitive nose can _____ hundreds of different smells.
A. nominate
B. dominate
C. eliminate
D. discriminate
29. The Chinese share the _______ that their life will become better and the country more
prosperous.
A. conviction
B. speculation
C. elaboration
D. perspiration
30. After weeks of ______, the owners and the union leaders have finally agreed on the question
of sick benefits.
A. administration
B. arbitration
C. authorization
D. alternation
31. It took this disabled boy a long time to _____ the fact that he was not qualified for admission
to college.
A. come up with
B. come down with
C. come up to
D. come to terms with
32. The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show______.
A. clockwise
B. otherwise
C. elsewhere
D. likewise
33. Air attacks in Afghanistan are focused on airports and training camps to avoid civilian _____.
A. involvement
B. rebellion
C. casualties
D. anguish
34. After all, people across the Taiwan Straits are of the same race, so this island and the mainland
are _____.
A. inexplicable
B. irreplaceable
C. indispensable
D. inseparable
35. President Bush said that the most urgent mission was to bring the wrongdoers to ______.
A. justice
B. justification
C. adjustment
D. justifiability
Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes. 15 points, 1 point each)
Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding Letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.
It has been said that in a high-divorce society, not only are more unhappy marriages likely to end in divorce, but in addition, more marriages are likely to become unhappy. Much of life's happiness and much of its 36 come from the same source —one's marriage. Indeed, few things in life have the potential to provide as much 37 or as much anguish. As the accompanying box indicates, many couples are having more than their share of the 38 .
But divorce statistics reveal only part of the problem. For each marriage that sinks, countless others remain 39 but are stuck in stagnant waters. “We used to be a happy family, but the last 12 years have been horrible,”40 a woman married for more than 30 years. “My husband is not interested in my feelings. He is truly my worst 41 enemy.” Similarly, a husband of nearly 25 years said, “My wife has told me that she doesn't love me anymore. She says that if we can just exist as roommates and each go our 42 ways when it comes to leisure time, the situation can be 43 .”
Of course, some in such terrible straits 44 their marriage. For many, however, divorce is 45 . Why? According to Dr. Karen Kavser, factors such as children, community disgrace, finances, friends, relatives, and religious beliefs might keep a couple together, even in a 46 state.“Unlikely to divorce legally,”she says, “these spouses choose to 47 a partner from whom they are emotionally divorced.”
Must a couple whose relationship has cooled 48 themselves to a life of dissatisfaction? Is a loveless marriage the only 49 to divorce? Experience proves that many troubled marriages can be saved — not only from the 50 of breakup but also from the misery of lovelessness.
36. A. mighty B. misery C. mystery D. myth
37. A. delight B. dismay C. dignity D. destiny
38. A. late B. later C. latter D. last
39. A. ashore B. afloat C. arrogant D. ascended
40. A. conferred B. compromised C. confessed D. confided
41. A. passional B. feeling C. emotional D. sensational
42. A. separate B. parting C. different D. divided
43. A. excused B. forgiven C. comprehended D. tolerated
44. A. intensify B. terminate C. reinforce D. betray
45. A. in the end C. in the way
B. out of the count D. out of the question
46. A. loving B. lovely C. loved D. loveless
47. A. insist on B. persist in C. remain with D. keep in with
48. A. resign B. deposit C. expel D. return
49. A. pattern B. destination C. alternative D. route
50. A. addiction B. agony C. abuse D. abolition
Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet. Passage One
Moviegoers may think history is repeating itself this weekend. The summer's most anticipated film, Pearl Harbor, which has opened recently, painstakingly re-creates the Japanese attack that drew the United States into World War II. But that isn't the film's only reminder of the past. Harbor invites comparison to Titanic, the biggest hit of all time. Like Titanic, Harbor heaps romance and action around a major historical event. Like Titanic, Harbor attempts to create popular global entertainment from a deadly real-life tragedy. Like Titanic, Harbor costs a pretty penny and hopes to get in even more at the box office.
Both Titanic and Pearl Harbor unseal their tales of love and tragedy over more than three hours. Both stories center on young passion, triangles of tension with one woman and two men; In Titanic, Leonardo DiCaprio and Billy Zane compete for the love of the same woman, a high-society type played by a British actress named Kate (Winslet). In Harbor, two pilots (Ben Affleck, Josh Hartnett) fall for the same woman, a nurse played by a British actress named Kate (Beckinsale).
The scenes of peril also have similarities. Harbor has a shot in which soldiers cling for dear life as the battleship USS Oklahoma capsizes. The moment is recalled of the Titanic's climactic sinking scene in which DiCaprio and Winslet hang from the ocean liner as half of the ship vertically plunges into the water. In Harbor, one of its stars floats atop a piece of debris in the middle of the night, much like Winslet's character does in Titanic.
And the jaw-dropping action of Titanic is matched by Harbor's, 40-minute re-creation of the Dec. 7, 1941 attack on the United States' Pacific Fleet. Both films spent heavily on special effects. Harbor director, Michael Bay, for example, says he kept salaries down so more could be spent on the visuals. Both movies even shot their ship-sinking scenes at the same location; Fox Studios Baja in Mexico.
Harbor's makers have even taken a Titantic-like approach to the soundtrack. The film includes one song. There You'll be,performed by country music superstar Faith Hill. Titanic, which is one of the best selling soundtracks of all time, also has only one pop song: Celine Dion's MY Heart Will Go On.
“If Harbor becomes a major moneymaker, filmmakers may comb history books searching for even more historical romance-action material.” says a critic.
51. What are the two things that the author of this article tries to compare?
A. The attack on Pearl Harbor and the sinking of the Titanic.
B. Historical fiction movies and successful box office hits.
C. The movie Titanic and the on-show movie Pearl Harbor.
D. Sinking boats and famous actors.
52. Pearl Harbor and Titanic are similar in all of the following aspects EXCEPT_____.
A. both spent large amount of money on special effects
B. both have soundtracks starring a major pop star
C. both added made-up stories to historical events
D. both are documentary movies of historical events
53. Who plays the leading female role in Pearl Harbor?
A. Kate Beckinsale.
B. Ben Affleck.
C. Kate Winslet.
D. Faith Hill.
54. What does the phrase “cost a pretty penny” in the first paragraph mean?
A. To be very attractive.
B. To cost a lot.
C. To have big box office returns.
D. To require a lot of effort to accomplish.
55. If Pearl Harbor is as successful as Titanic, which of the following movies might we see next?
A. The Battle of Waterloo.
B. The Advents of Mr. Bean.
C. Space Invaders.
D. The Haunted House.
56. It is said in the passage that ____.
A. major historical events can never repeat themselves
B. both Titanic and Pearl Harbor are the historical reappearance
C. Pearl Harbor may have a better box office return than Titanic
D. Titanic is the most successful film in history
Passage Two
A few weeks ago my mother called to say there was a warrant out for my arrest. I was mystified. I’d like to think myself dangerous but I’m a mild-mannered journalist. I don't have a criminal record, though the address on my driver’s license is my mother’s - thus the “rai d.”I hadn’t robbed any convenience stores lately, nor fled the scene after backing a Jeep into a crowd of people.
But this is Mayor Giuliani s New York, where it doesn’t take much to draw the attention of cops. New Yorkers know all about Hizzonor’s banning homeless cleaning men from approaching drivers and offering to clean their windshields. H’s also cracked down on street vendors. Yuppie that 1 am. I’ve never given much thought to what it felt like to be on the other side of the law.
So when the cops came knocking, I thought there must be some mistake. Imagine my embarrassment upon discovering my crime. One Saturday night in March, I strolled out of apartment after dinner, a Coors Light beer in hand. Suddenly a police officer came up and wrote me a ticket. The charge: violating New York City’s open-container laws. Yeah. I probably should have paid it then and there. But instead I stuck the pink slip in my back pocket and forgot about it.
When I called to inquire about my case. I was told to “speak with Officer Kosenza.” But I didn’t get a chance. Kosenza called me that night while I was having dinner with my girlfriend. He wanted me to come to court, right then. But I was cautious. It seems New York’s police are in a bind. With crime falling to record lows, it's getting harder and harder for cops to “make the numbers”that show they’re doing a better and better job. What to do? The answer is to rifle through out-of-date tickets that haven’t been paid –anything they could turn into a “crime.”I finally decided to turn myself in. which is how 1 found myself, one August evening, handcuffed at the downtown Manhattan police station with an older officer telling us tales of his days in the 1980s. “Times sure have changed.” he said, shaking his head at us statistically useful nuisances.
Eventually I was led into a courtroom. Very quickly, it was done. Handcuffs off, out the door.
I wanted to complain but went quietly home, promising not to do whatever I was guilty of for another six months. I got off easy. But I also learned a lesson: Giuliani s clean streets come with a price. If only the mayor would neglect to pay a ticket.
57. According to the passage, the author is probably _____.
A. an urban young professional
B. a narrow-minded journalist
C. a criminal wanted by the police
D. a traffic offender
58. The author was arrested primarily because _____.
A. he once stuck a piece of pink paper in his back pocket
B. he used his mother's address on the driver's license
C. he had robbed convenience shops before
D. he drank some beer one night on the street
59. The word "nuisances" in the fourth paragraph may mean _____.
A. mild-mannered prisoners
B. trouble makers
C. new arrivals
D. hardened criminals
60. Through the passage, the author wants to convey the idea that _____.
A. New York policemen are doing a good job cracking down on crimes
B. not everyone agrees with the mayor's management of the city
C. the crime rate has been reduced at the expense of citizens' convenience
D. everyone including the mayor should be punished if he is guilty of crime
61. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The author pleaded guilty and was set free.
B. Policemen were trying hard to please their superiors.
C. Many so-called crimes were only trifle things.
D. It's no use complaining to cops when you are caught.
62. The tone of the passage is ______.
A. satirical
B. objective
C. praiseful
D. complaining
Passage Three
Ewen Cameron is long dead but his ghost appears to haunt Canada, where extraordinarily strict rules are being considered to protect the subjects of psychological research.
Cameron was a scientist straight from a horror movie. On the surface, he was a respectable academic. But after the end of the Second World War, he visited the Nuremberg trials, superficially to examine Rudolf Hess's psychological state. Many people believe that he also studied Nazi methods of mind control. Certainly, he never internalized the Nuremberg declaration that prohibits human experiments where risk outweighs “humanitarian importance.”
Throughout the 1950s, Cameron ran a CIA-funded laboratory at McGill University where patients were used as guinea pigs in brainwashing experiments. Some patients were given ECT “therapy” twice daily, others were drugged and kept unconscious for weeks or months, injected with huge amounts of drugs, and subjected to long-term sensory deprivation.
Compensation has been paid to most surviving patients. But suspicion of the psychological sciences has not entirely gone away. Nor has the need for patients’rights to be guaranteed. Cameron, after all, ensured that every patient signed a consent form, even though many were not in position to understand what it meant.
The strict new rules for psychological research now under discussion can partly be understood in the light of special Canadian sensitivities. They are designed to ensure that no one
can be involved in an experiment that might damage their own interests.
All well and good, except that psychological sciences aren’t going to advance if anyone can leave an experiment if they don’t like the results. Obviously, many psychological experiments would not be possible if the experimenters had to reveal exactly what they were testing.
There is much to debate about the rights of patients and experimental subjects. The committee drawing up the code has apparently received 2,000 pages of comment on its draft.
No one should do anything until this committee has had all the time it needs to read, digest and study these submissions. And then reach a truly balanced position.
63. According to the author, we may conclude that _____.
A. Cameron was a dedicated and responsible scientist
B. Cameron was interested in unveiling the myths about Rudolf Hess’s psychological state
C. Cameron tried to ensure that his subjects clearly understood the purpose of the experiments
D. Cameron unmistakably violated the subjects’ rights
64. Which of the following statements is NOT true based on the second paragraph?
A. Cameron’s appearance might misrepresent his true personality.
B. Probing into the psychological state of the Nazi was outside Cameron’s profession.
C. Cameron did not observe the stipulation relating to human experiments.
D. People believed that he had undisclosed motives for attending the Nuremberg trials.
65. We can infer from this passage that _____.
A. making compensation for the subjects’ loss was illegal
B. some subjects in Cameron’s experiments died
C. people have been quite indifferent to the subjects’ rights
D. as a rule, people are fully supportive of psychological sciences
66. The committee responsible for working out the rules governing psychological research _____.
A. has to give top priority to psychological advances
B. is bombarded with criticisms from the public
C. is expected to take into account all the reactions to the drafting
D. should rely on those willing to sacrifice their own interests
67. One of the problems with the new rules for psychological research is that _____.
A. the rules can do little to protect the patients’ rights
B. people may withdraw from the experiments in fear of damage to their own interests
C. it would be impossible to sort out anything valuable from the comments on the rules
D. people’s response to psychological sciences is overwhelmingly negative
Passage Four
Some accept their fate. Others try to reason with the police officer who has pulled them over for some real or imagined traffic offense. But when law enforcement is represented by a computer-driven camera that has immortalized your violation on film — as is the case at hundreds of intersections in more than 60 cities around the U. S. — it's hard to talk your way out of a heavy fine. Yet that is precisely what some 300 motorists in San Diego succeeded in doing last week when a superior court judge rules that pictures taken by the so-called red-light cameras were unreliable and therefore unacceptable.
The first U. S. Court decision to reject all the traffic violations caught on camera, the ruling by judge Ronald Styn has fueled debate over the growing use of the devices. Police departments swear, and studies indicate, that the robocams (robot cameras) deter people from speeding and
running red lights. A Lou Harris poll set for release this week finds that 69% of Americans support their use. Yet at least seven states have blocked proposals to implement them, and opponents —ranging from House majority leader Dick Armey to the American Civil Liberties Union — argue that the cameras violate privacy and place profit above public safety.
Part of the problem is that virtually all the devices in place are operated by private firms that handle everything from installing the machinery to identifying violations — often with minimal police oversight — and have an incentive to pull in as many drivers as they can. The companies get paid as much as $ 70 a ticket, and the total revenue is hardly chump change. San Diego has got in $15. 9 million since October 1998, and Washington $12. 8 million since August 1999. “It's all abo ut money,” says Congress man Bob Barr, a leading critic. Not so, insists Terrance Gainer, Washington's executive assistant chief of police. “We have reduced fatalities. If some company is making money off that, that is American way.”
Critics counter that there must be other, less intrusive ways to make intersections safer, such as lengthening the yellow light and adding turn lanes. “I object to this fixation we have with cameras and electronically gathered information,”says Barr. “It places too much confidence in technology.” That confidence, as Washington residents have learned, can be misplaced. The city removed one camera last May that had generated more than 19,000 tickets at a particularly confusing intersection. In San Diego, faulty sensors made drivers appear to be going faster than they really were. The city suspended the system in July.
Another concern is privacy. While systems in Washington, Maryland and North Carolina photograph nothing but the rear of the car, others in Arizona, California and Colorado take a picture of the driver s seat as well —a bit of electronic monitoring that could land straying spouses in trouble a lot more serious than a traffic violation.
In Europe, where speedcams are deployed by the thousands and are even less popular than they are here, resentful drivers have started to take matters into their own hands, seeking out hidden cameras and knocking them over with their cars.
68. It is mainly indicated in the first paragraph that _____.
A. people respond differently when caught in traffic offense
B. motorists can be wrongly accused by police officers
C. speeders cannot defend themselves before red-light cameras
D. computer-driven cameras sometimes do tell lies
69. The court decision last week _____.
A. triggered a dispute over the use of robocams
B. immuned few camera-caught violators from punishment
C. found fewer red-light camera supporters in America
D. deterred some states from implementing camera devices
70. Opponents’ arguments against cameras include all the following EXCEPT _____.
A. they intrude into people’s privacy
B. they give priority to the pursuit of profit
C. they are operated by private firms
D. they are under the supervision of police
71. Police department believes that _____.
A. robocams should not be operated by private firms
B. robocams arc effective in maintaining traffic order
C. speeding is the major cause of traffic fatalities
D. companies operating cameras should riot pursue money only
72. The phrase “chump change” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.
A. trivial
B. moderate
C. enormous
D. indefinite
73. According to the passage. Bob Barr _____.
A. is the majority leader in the House of Representatives
B. is strongly against the American way of making money
C. lacks confidence in modern technology
D. doubts the authenticity of electronically gathered information
74. The writer s attitude towards speedcams can be best expressed as _____.
A. positive
B. negative
C. indifferent
D. uncertain
75. Drivers in European countries _____.
A. get angry at the red-light cameras
B. destroy thousands of the speedcams
C. take the initiative in the use of speedcams
D. take drastic measures with speedcams
Passage Five
Now and then, researchers retreat from the trackless jungle at the edge of knowledge and set up camp in more familiar territory. Such expeditions don’t often yield surprises, but it’s always reassuring to know that the back yard looks much as we thought it did.
Among those scientists were psychologists from the State University of New York at Stony Brook. To prove their theory — that people are more likely to yell at a family member or a peer than a superior — they asked 100 college students to wear blood-pressure cuffs and to keep notes about when they got angry and what they did about it.
The momentous conclusion: people tend to bottle up anger felt toward an authority figure, and are more likely to vent it instead at family members or friends.
While these findings are far from earth-shattering, one researcher pointed out that nobody had ever looked at anger this way before.
Big words can make a self-evident result seem weightier. Psychologists at the National Institute for Healthcare Research in Maryland used this technique when they announced that when one person hurts another, forgiveness “is associated with restored relational closeness following an interpersonal transgression.” Couples who have adopted the kiss-and-make-up strategy will no doubt be pleased to learn that there is now a sound scientific basis for their actions.
Psychologists, however, aren’t the only ones taking pains to prove the obvious.
Some boldl y going where few have gone don’t always lead to radical conclusions. Over the years, researchers have set up weather-monitoring stations in remote areas of Antarctica. According to data from stations on the Ross Ice Shelf — where almost all those taking part in Robert Scott's ill-fated South Pole expedition perished sometime between late February and mid-March of 1912 — temperatures as low as those recorded in Scott’s journal have been documented only once in the past 15 years.
This evidence led to one inexorable conclusion about what killed Scott and most of his party: it was the cold.
76. According to the author, the scientists who do researches in more familiar territory _____.
A. have confirmed what we have already known
B. have looked at things in new ways
C. have had important discoveries by studying the obvious
D. have done some useless work
77. Which of the following is NOT true according to the psychologists at Stony Brook?
A. When people get angry, their blood pressure changes.
B. People are less likely to show their anger to their family members.
C. People tend to let off their grievance at home.
D. They have looked at anger in a unique way.
78. The psychologists in Maryland have proved that when one person hurts another, ______.
A. it is easier for them to make up if they have very close relations
B. it is easier for them to make up if they show their intimacy
C. they should kiss each other to make it up
D. they should find a sound scientific basis to make up
79. According to the research on the Ross Ice Shelf, Robert Scott’s expedition failed because _____.
A. most of the expeditioners couldn't stand hardships
B. Robert Scott should not have chosen to go there in winter
C. it was exceptionally cold on Antarctica that year
D. Robert Scott did not pay much attention to the temperature record of Antarctica
80. It is implied in the passage that _____.
A. people should not bottle up their anger at their family members or friends
B. bold researches would lead to radical conclusions
C. what scientists say is not necessarily important
D. researchers should shift from the edge of knowledge to familiar fields
PAPER TWO
Part V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)
Section A (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions：Put the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.
Regrettably for many in Silicon Valley, the ability to make accurate forecasts can depend on how well-established a company’s products are. Young industries on steep growth curves are almost always surprised by how well their products do in the first few years, and then they’re at a loss when demand falls. Says a Stanford University business strategy professor, “In a highly dynamic and unpredictable market people are going to make mistakes. It's inherent in the type of business.”
In many corners of Silicon Valley —and elsewhere —unpredictability is inevitable. One solution: keep innovating but develop sound service businesses to sell with products. Building a “very strong service business,” a company president says, smoothes out the rough spots between innovations.
Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.
4年来，中国两次成功地克服了全球经济衰退（recession）的冲击，实现了经济持续快速增长。目前，中国面临的问题是如何将国内13亿人口变成真正意义上的消费者，从而开辟
更广阔的国内市场。
Part VI WRITING (30 minutes, 10 points )
Directions：Write a composition of approximately 150 words according to the topic given below:TOPIC:
Studying abroad has gained popularity in China. In the past, many students went abroad after their college education. Currently, those going abroad are mostly middle-school students aged 16~19. Do you think it is a good idea for the teenagers to study at broad? Give at least three reasons to support your viewpoint.
2002年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题
PAPER ONE
Part I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 minutes, 15 points)
Section A ( 1 point each )
Directions: In this part, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The questions will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Answer Sheet.
1. A.A taxi driver and a passenger.
B. A policeman and a driver.
C. A judge and a criminal.
D. A coach and an athlete.
2. A. He doesn't want to be busy.
B. He likes staying up late
C. He is not interested in his job.
D. He doesn't have enough time to sleep.
3. A. They are a waste of time.
B. They don't deal with social problems.
C. They can reflect people's real life.
D. They attract honest listeners.
4. A. It has been completed.
B. It has been delayed.
C. It has just started.
D. It is well under way.
5. A. Going to a theater.
B. Going to a game.
C. Listening to radio programs.
D. Watching TV programs.
6. A. 2:30. B. 3:30. C. 4:30. D. 5:30.
7. A. Dave is talkative to strangers.
B. Dave likes having pizza parties.
C. I>we is sociable and friendly.
D. Dave is too absorbed in his project.
8. A. Because she doesn't like the taste of it.
B. Because she can't sleep well after drinking it.
C. Because she has some heart trouble.
D. Because she doesn't believe what the article says.
9. A. It is fun with exciting activities.
B. It is miserable with pressures.
C. It is interesting but challenging.
D. It is full of anxiety.
Section B (1 point each)
Directions: In this part you will hear two short passages. At the end of each passage, there will be some questions. Both the passages and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.
10. A. They know where snow will fall.
B. They can estimate how much snow will fall.
C. They sometimes can not forecast snow accurately.
D. They think snow is a difficult subject to study.
11. A. The water particles in cold clouds.
B. The tiny ice particles in the flakes.
C .The dust in the center of the flakes.
D. The temperature and water levels in the air.
12. A. It has as much water as 2. 5 centimeters of rain
B. It has as much water as 1. 5 centimeters of rain
C. It has as much water as 2 centimeters of rain.
D. It has as much water as 5 centimeters of rain.
13. A. A new study on lying.
B. The physical signals when people lie.
C. How to detect a person who is lying.
D. A new device to detect a liar.
14. A. People change their behaviors when they lie.
B. People have some special gestures when they lie.
C. People's pupils have some changes when they lie.
D. People have more blood around their eyes when they lie.
15. A. 12 out of 20. B. 11 out of 12. C. 7 out of 10. D. 6 out of 8.
Part II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)
Section A (0. 5 point each )
Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.
16. Many women prefer to use cosmetics to enhance their beauty and make them look younger.
A. reveal
B. underline
C. improve
D. integrate
17. What players and coaches fear most is the partiality on the part of referees in a game.
A. justice
B. bias C participation D. regionalism
18. The sale has been on for a long time because the price is reckoned to be too high.
A. considered
B. stipulated C raised D. stimulated
19. Smugglers try every means to lay hands on unearthed relics for their personal gains.
A. set foot on
B. lose their heart to
C. set their mind on
D. get hold of
20. There must have been round about a thousand people participating in the forum.
A. approximately
B. exactly
C. less than
D. more than
21. These old and shabby houses will be demolished for the construction of residential buildings.
A. pulled out
B. pulled in
C. pulled down
D. pulled up
22. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their manners.
A. observe
B. memorize
C. comment
D. request
23. Artificial intelligence deals partly with the analogy between the computer and the
human brain.
A. likeness
B. relation
C. contradiction
D. difference
24. It is often the case that some superficially unrelated events turn out to be linked in
some aspects.
A. practically
B. wonderfully
C. beneficially
D. seemingly
25. The alleged all-powerful master of chi kong was arrested on a charge of fraud.
A. so-called
B. well-known
C. esteemed
D. undoubted
Section B (0. 5 point each)
Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding Letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.
26. It is hoped that pork can be made leaner by introducing a cow gene into the pig's genetic _.
A. reservoir
B. warehouse
C. pool
D. storehouse
27. The chairman said that he was prepared to the younger people in the decision making.
A. put up with
B. make way for
C. shed light on
D. lake charge of
28. Tom is angry at Linda because she him all the time.
A. sets... up
B. puts…down
C. runs…out
D. drops...in
29. The ability to focus attention on important things is a._ characteristic of intelligence.
A. defining B .declining C. defeating D. deceiving
30. Our picnic having been by the thunderstorm, we had to wait in the pavilion until it cleared
up.
A. destroyed
B. undermined
C. spoilt
D. contaminated
31. 1 was disappointed to see that those people I had sort of were pretty ordinary.
A. despised
B. resented C worshipped D. ridiculed
32. One of the main purposes of using slang is to consolidate one’s with a group.
A. specification
B. unification C notification D. identification
33. The . from underdeveloped countries may well increase in response to the
soaring demand for high-tech professionals in developed nations.
A. brain damage
B. brain trust
C. brain fever
D. brain drain
34. This matter settled, we decided to to the next item on the agenda.
A. succeed
B. exceed
C. proceed
D. precede
35. Listening is as important as talking. If you are a good listener, people often_ you for being
a good conversationalist.
A. complement
B. compliment
C. compel
D. complain
Part III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 15 points, 1 point each)
Directions: There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding Letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.
Most American magazines and newspapers reserve 60 percent of their pages for ads. The New York Times Sunday edition 36 may contain 350 pages of advertisements.
Some radio stations devote 40 minutes of every hour to 37.
Then there is television. According to one estimate, American youngsters sit 38 three hours of television commercials each week. By the time they graduate from high school, they will have been 39 360.000 TV ads. Televisions advertise in airports, hospital waiting rooms, and schools.
Major sporting 40 are now major advertising events. Racing cars serve as high speed 41 . Some athletes receive most of their money from advertisers. One 42 basketball player earned $ 3. 9 million by playing ball. Advertisers paid him nine times that much to 43 their products.
There is no escape. Commercial ads are displayed on walls, buses, and trucks. They dec-orate the inside of taxis and subways—even the doors of public toilets. 44 messages call to us in supermarkets, stores, elevators— and 45 we are on hold on the telephone. In some countries so much advertising comes through the mail that many recipients proceed directly from the mailbox to the nearest wastebasket to 46 the junk mail.
47 Insider's Report, published by McCann-Erickson, a global advertising agency,
the estimated 48 _of money spent on advertising worldwide in 1990 was $ 275.5 billion. Since then, the figures have 49 to $411.6 billion for 1997 and a projected
$434.4 billion for 1998. Big money!
What is the effect of all of this? One analyst 50 it this way: "Advertising is one of the most powerful socializing forces in the culture. Ads sell more than products. They sell images, values, goals, concepts of who we are and who we should be. They shape our attitudes and our attitudes shape our behavior. "
36. A. lonely B. alone C. singly D. individually
37. A. commerce B. consumers C. commercials D. commodities
38. A. through B. up C. in D. about
39. A. taken to B. spent in C .expected of D. exposed to
40. A. incidents B .affairs C. events D. programs
41. A. flashes B. billboards C. attractions D. messages
42. A. top-heavy B. lop-talented C. top-secret D. top-ranking
43. A. improve B. promote C. urge D. update
44. A. Audio B. Studio C. Oral D. Video
45. A. since B. while C. even D. if
16. A. toss out B. lay down C. blow out D. break down
47. A. It is said that B. Apart from C. According to D. Including in
48. A. digit B. amount C. account D. budget
49. A. raised B. elevated C. roared D. soared
50. A. said B. recorded C. told D. put
Part IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)
Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.
Passage On
For decades, arms-control talks centered on nuclear weapons. This is hardly surprising, since a single nuclear bomb can destroy an entire city. Yet, unlike smaller arms, these
immensely powerful weapons have not been used in war in over 50 years.
Historian John Keegan writes. ''Nuclear weapons have, since August 9, 1945. killed no one. The 50,000.000 who have died in war since that date have for the most part, been killed by cheap, mass-produced weapons and small ammunition, costing little more than the
transistor radios which have flooded the world in the same period. Because small weapons have disrupted life very little in the advanced world, outside the restricted localities where drug-dealing and political terrorism flourish, the populations of the rich states have been slow to recognize the horror that this pollution has brought in its train. "
Why have small arms become the weapons of choice in recent wars? Part of the reason lies in the relationship between conflict and poverty. Most of the wars fought during the 1990s took place in countries that are poor too poor to buy sophisticated weapon systems. Small arms and light weapons are a bargain. For example, 50 million dollars, which is approximately the cost of a single modern jet fighter, can equip an army with 200,000 assault rifles.
Another reason why small weapons are so popular is that they are lethal. A single rapid-fire assault rifle can fire hundreds of rounds a minute. They are also easy to use and maintain. A child of ten can be taught to strip and reassemble a typical assault rifle. A child can also quickly learn to aim and fire that rifle into a crowd of people.
The global traffic in guns is complex. The illegal trade of small arms is big. In some African wars, paramilitary groups have bought billions of dollars' worth of small arms and light weapons- not with money, hut with diamonds seized from diamond-mining areas.
Weapons are also linked to the illegal trade in drugs. It is not unusual for criminal organizations lo use the same routes to smuggle drugs in one direction and to smuggle guns in the other.
51. It is implied in the passage that________.
A. small arms-control is more important than nuclear arms-control
B. the nuclear arms-control talks can never reach an agreement
C. the power of nuclear weapons to kill people has been diminished
D. nuclear weapons were the topic of arms-control talks 50 years ago
52. The advanced world neglect the problems of small arms because.._______.
A. They have to deal with drug-dealing and political terrorism
B. They have no such problems as are caused by small weapons
C .They have not recognized the seriousness of the problems in time
D. They face other more important problems such as pollution?
53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the reason for the prevalence of small arms?
A. Small arms are cheap.
B. Small arms arc powerful.
C. Small arms are easier to use,
D. Small arms are easier to get.
54. We can conclude from the passage that ___.
A. small arms are not expensive in the black-market
B. it is unfair to exchange small arms for diamond
C .criminals use the same passage to smuggle drugs and small arms
D. where there are drugs, there are small arms
55. The best title for this passage is________,
A. Small Arms Talks. Not Nuclear Arms Talks
B. Neglect of Small Arms Control
C. Global Traffic in Small Arms
D. Small Arms. Big Problems
Passage Two
In order to combat sickness, many doctors rely heavily on prescribing medicines that are developed and aggressively advertised by pharmaceutical companies. Significantly, the world market for such drugs has skyrocketed in recent decades, from just a few billion dollars a year to hundreds of billions of dollars annually. What has been a consequence?
Medically prescribed drugs have helped many people. Yet, the health of some who
take drugs has either remained unchanged or become worse. So, recently some have turned to using other methods of medical treatment.
In places where modern, conventional medicine has been the standard of care, many are now turning to what have been called alternative, or complementary, therapies. "The Berlin Wall that has long divided alternative therapies from mainstream medicine appears to be crumbling." said Consumer Reports of May 2000.
The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) observed. "Alternative medical therapies such as the use of herbs, functionally defined as interventions neither taught widely in medical schools nor generally available in U. S. hospitals, have attracted increased national attention from the media, the medical community, governmental agencies, and the public, "
In the past, conventional medical practitioners have been skeptical about alternative medical practices, but 75 medical schools in the United States currently offer elective course work on alternative medicine, including Harvard. Stanford. University of Arizona, and Yale.
JAMA noted. "Now an estimated 3 in 5 individuals seeing a medical doctor for a principal condition also used an alternative therapy. And outside the United States, alternative medicine is popular throughout the industrialized world. "
The trend toward integrating alternative therapies with conventional ones has long been a general practice in many countries. As JAMA concluded, "There are no longer two types of medicine, conventional and complementary. There is only good medicine and bad medicine. "
56. This passage suggests that pharmaceutical companies .
A. pay doctors for prescribing their drugs
B. have raised the prices of their products sharply in recent years
C. spend more money on their advertisements than on their products
D. have produced some ineffective drugs
57. The sentence "The Berlin Wall... appears to be crumbling" in the third paragraph
implies that ,
A. the restrictions on the practice of alternative therapies will be abolished
B. there are still strict restrictions on the practice of alternative drugs
C. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are incomparable
D. conventional medicine and alternative therapies are completely different remedies
58. According to the passage, alternative therapies .
A. axe widely taught in the U. S. medical schools now
B. have been approved by U. S. government
C. have been used by many American patients
D. are as popular as conventional medicine
59. JAMA seems to suggest that .
A. U. S- government should meet the increasing demands for alternative therapies
B. a medicine is good after it proves to be beneficial to the patients
C .pharmaceutical companies should cover the cost of alternative therapies
D. conventional medicine and alternative medicine should join hands
60. It is implied in the passage that .
A. we should take as little western medicine as possible
B. the prices of the prescribed medicine should be reduced
C. herbal medicine will be accepted by more Americans
D. without the help of alternative medicine, good health can not he guaranteed
Passage Three
Our Milky Way galaxy could contain up to 1 billion Earth-like planets capable of supporting life, scientists announced last week.
The theoretical abundance of habitable worlds among the estimated 200 billion stars of our home galaxy suggests that more powerful telescopes might glimpse the faint signature of far-off planet, proving that, in size and temperature at least, we are not alone in the universe.
Solar systems such as Earth's, in which planets orbit a star, have been discovered. Astronomers have identified almost 100 planets in orbit around other suns. All are enormous, and of the same gaseous make-up as Jupiter.
Barrie Jones of the Open University in UK and his colleague Nick Sleep have worked out how to predict which of the newly discovered solar systems is likely to harbor Earth-like planets.
Using a computer, they have created mathematical models of planetary systems and seeded them with hypothetical Earths in "Goldilocks zone" orbits, where it is neither too hot nor too cold to support life.
The computer simulates which of these model Earths is likely to be kicked out of its temperate orbit by gravitational effects of the monster planets, and which is likely lo survive.
The solar system most like ours discovered so far is 51 light years away, at the star 47 Ursae Majoris, near the group of stars known as the Great Bear.
Astronomers have discovered two planets orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris-one is two and half times the size of Jupiter, the other slightly smaller. Both planets are relatively close to the Goldilocks zone, which is further out than ours because 47 Ursae Majoris is older, hotter and brighter than the sun.
"It's certainly a system worth exploring for an Earth-like planet and for life." said Jones. The
requirement for a life-supporting zone in any solar system is that water should be able to exist in a liquid state,
NASA and its European counterpart, ESA, plan to launch instruments in the next 10 years which could produce pictures of Earth-sized planet.-..
61. It is suggested in this passage that .
A. scientists have found evidence to prove there are many Earth-like planets in our galaxy
B. theoretically there are a great number of Earth-like planets capable of supporting life
C. our Earth is the only planet in our galaxy that can support life
D. with more powerful telescopes, scientists will be able to find more galaxies in the universe
62. The "Goldilocks zone" mentioned in the 5th paragraph most probably means
A. a certain fixed distance between a planet and sun
B. a range in the universe in which the planets' temperature is suitable for life
C. a range in the universe in which the planets can receive enough sunlight
D. a mathematical model to measure the size of the planetary system
63. Barrie Jones And Nick Sleep have found .
A. 100 planets orbiting around other stars like our sun
B. many planets' atmosphere has the same composition as Jupiter
C. the ways lo tell which solar system may have Earth-like planets
D. a mathematical model to measure the distance of newly found solar-systems
64. So far, the solar system most like ours that has been discovered is _ _.
A. in the group of stars known as Great Bear
B. 2. 5 times as big as Jupiter
C. smaller than our system
D. impossible for us to reach at present time.
65. The most important requirement to have a life-supporting zone m any solar system
is that it must have .
A. enough water and proper temperature
B. enough oxygen and hydrogen
C. enough air and sunlight
D. enough water in any slate
Passage Four
Having abandoned his call for higher gasoline prices. Vice President Al Gore has another idea to get people out of their cars- Spend billions on mass transit- $25 billion to be exact. Last week. Gore unveiled his "Keep America Moving" initiative, which will spend $25 billion on upgrading and improving mass-transit systems nationwide. According to Gore's self-proclaimed "new way of thinking" all that's necessary to reduce traffic congestion is to "give people a choice."
The federal government has been trying to "give people a choice" for decades to little effect. Portions of the federal gasoline tax have already been used to support urban bus and rail systems. Despite years of subsidies, few urban-transit systems run in the black. They don't do much to reduce congestion either. No matter how much the taxpayers paid for the planned transit systems. Americans prefer the autonomy offered by their automobiles.
The vice president praised the Portland light-rail system as an example of how good mass transit can be. Yet Portland s experience is more cautionary tale than exemplary model. Research by the Cascade Policy Institute demonstrates that Portland's Metro has been a
multi-million-dollar mistake. According to Metro s own figures, the light-rail system is doing little to reduce congestion, as most of its riders used to ride the bus.
Those riders that do come off the roads, come at an incredible price: $62 per round trip. Road improvements and expansion would do far more to reduce congestion at a fraction of the cost, but they wouldn't attract the same volume of federal funds.
66. According to the author, the mass-transit systems .
A. are characterized by low consumption of gasoline
B. have contributed little to the improvement of the traffic
C. aim at monitoring the public traffic
D. are financially profitable
67. What does the author say about the federal government?
A. It has recently begun to address the problem of traffic congestion.
B. It fails to provide enough funds to help reduce traffic congestion.
C. Its attempt to reduce traffic congestion is successful but costly.
D. It has not done much to reduce congestion by improving roads.
68. What is said about Americans' attitude toward the transit systems?
A. They are reluctant to pay taxes to support the transit systems.
B. They think driving their own cars is more convenient.
C. They prefer the policies of improving and expanding roads.
D. They think there should be more choices in transportation.
69. In the third paragraph, the underlined expression "cautionary tale" most probably
means .
A. an incredible story
B. an untrue story
C. a story giving a warning
D. a story teaching a moral lesson
70. Which of the following statements would the author probably agree to?
A. In spite of federal funds, most urban-transit systems have financial problems.
B. The American public should become more aware of the need to reduce traffic
congestion.
C. The attempt to expand roads would be as costly as the one to build a light-rail system.
D. The federal gasoline tax should be raised to support urban-transit system.
Passage Five
In all of the industrial countries and many less developed countries, a debate along the lines of government vs. business prevails. This struggle has gone on for so long, and is so pervasive, that many who participate in it have come to think of these two social institutions as natural and permanent enemies, each striving to oppose the other.
Viewing the struggle in that format diminishes the chance of attaining more harmonious relations between government and business. Moreover, if these two are seen as natural and deadly enemies, then business has no long-range future. It is self-evident that government, as the only social instrument that can legally enforce its will by physical control, must win any struggle that is reduced to naked power.
A more realistic, and most constructive, approach to the conflict between business and government starts by noticing the many ways in which they are dependent on each other. Business