初中英语语法之动词不定式详解动词不定式
概念引入
1. 动词不定式名言：
（1）动词不定式作表语
To lose is to learn. 失败就是学习。
（2）动词不定式作主语
It is better to give than to take. 给予比接受更好。（3）不定式作宾语
Expect to be treated as you have treated others.
你怎样待别人，就指望别人怎样待你。
（4）不定式作宾补
Adversity causes some men to break，others to break records.
逆境使一些人崩溃，也使一些人破记录。
（5）不定式作定语
There is a time to talk and a time to act.
该说的时候说，该做的时候做。
（6）不定式作目的状语
To find the exact answer，one must first ask the exact question.
要找到确切的答案，首先必须提出确切的问题。
2. 动词不定式定义：
动词不定式是一种非谓语形式（不能作谓语），基本形式是to do形式(to是不定式符号的标志，无意义，可以不翻译) 肯定式：to + 动词原形
否定式：not to + 动词原形
2
用法讲解
1.动词不定式的特征
动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
2. 动词不定式在句子中的作用
动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。（1）动词不定式作主语。例如：
To master a language is not an easy thing.
掌握一门语言不是一件容易的事情。
To teach English is my favorite. 教英语是我的爱好。It's my pleasure to help you. 很乐意帮助你。
（2）动词不定式作宾语。
某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask等。例如：
I like to help others if I can. 如果有可能的话，我喜欢帮助别人。
I want to buy a new car when I have enough money.
我有钱时想买一辆新车。
（3）动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如：
We expect you to be with us. 我们希望你和我们在一起。Please ask him to come here quickly. 请叫他快过来。（4）动词不定式作表语。例如：
What I should do is to finish the task soon.
我应该做的是赶快完成任务。
The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately. 当务之急是马上去找孩子。
（5）动词不定式作定语。例如：
There are many ways to solve the problem.
有许多方法能解决这个问题。
I have something important to tell you.
我有重要的事情要告诉你。
（6）不定式作状语。例如：
We went to the hospital to see our teacher.
我们去医院看了我们的老师。
She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from aTibetflower.
她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物
3.不定式后接特殊疑问词的用法
不定式可以和疑问代词who, what, which及疑问副词when, how, where等连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。例如：
I don't know what to say. 我不知道说什么。
Can you tell me how to make a paper boat？你能告诉我怎样做一只纸船吗？
I don't know which topic to choose. 我不知道选哪个题目。
Where to stay for the night is a problem. 晚上在哪儿过夜还是个问题。
4.不定式的重要句型
（1）It’s＋adj.＋for (of)sb. to do sth.
当不定式作主语时，通常用it作为形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式结构后置。例如：
To meet you is a great pleasure. =It is a great pleasure to meet you.
非常高兴见到你。
To plant trees every year is necessary.= It is necessary to plant trees every year.
每年植树是必要的。
这种结构往往还要有一个逻辑主语。一般使用下面的结构：1)It is +adj. ＋of sb.+to do sth.
It is selfish of you to eat the whole birthday cake.
你真是太自私了，吃光了整个蛋糕。
2)It is +adj. + for sb. + to do sth.
It is difficult for me to learn English well.
对我来说学好英语太难了。
【注意】for和of引导的不定式结构的区别
表语形容词的语义不同是区别 for 结构和 of 结构的最重要标志。
1）在“It is（was）＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.”的句式中，作表语的形容词大多是表事物性质的静态形容词，如：essential，easy，difficult, important，necessary，possible，hard等等，这类形容词与for后面的名词（代词）关系不密切，无意义上的主表关系。例如：
It is necessary for us to practise speaking English every day．
每天练习说英语对我们来说是很有必要的。
2）在“It is（was）＋adj．＋of sb.…”的句式中，作
表语的形容词大多是表示人物特征的形容词。如：brave，careless，careful，clever，cruel，foolish，good，honest，（un）kind noble，polite，right，rude，sweet，silly，stupid，wrong等等。这些表示人物特征的形容词与of后的名词关系十分密切，有意义上的主表关系。例如：
It is kind of you（=You are kind）to send me a nice present．谢谢你送我这么好的礼物。
It was stupid of her（=She was stupid）to make such a mistake．
出这样的错她真是太蠢了。
（2）主语＋动词＋too＋形容词／副词＋（for＋sb.）＋to+动词原形
表示“……太……而不能……”。例如：
He walked too slowly to catch up with me.
他走得太慢而不能跟上我。
It is too dark in this room for me to read a book.
房间太暗，使我无法看书。
This problem is too difficult for them to settle.
这对他们来说真是一个难解的问题。
（3）主语＋动词＋……形容词／副词＋enough＋（for sb.）＋to+动词原形，表示“……对某人足以……”。例如：
We need several men strong enough to do the work.
我们需要几个强壮得足以做这件工作的人。
They bought a house large enough for ten persons to live in.
我们买了一栋房子，大得足以供十个人住。
He is competent enough to fill that position.
他足以胜任那职位。
（4）主语＋动词＋enough＋名词＋to＋动词原形，表示“……对某人足以……”。例如：
He has enough money (=money enough) to buy a car.
他有足够的钱买一辆汽车。
He hasn’t enough sense to realize hi s mistakes.
他没有足够的辨别力去认识自己的错误。
巩固练习
I．单项选择。
1. ________ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep
B. Sleeping
C. Sleep
D. Having slept
2. I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________?
A. to be buying
B. to buy
C. for buying
D. bought
3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
4. She watched the children ________ in the garden.
A. to be played
B. to play
C. play
D. to have played
5. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise.
A. don't make
B. not make
C. not making
D. not to make
6.－I usually go there by train.
－Why not _______ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
7. Paul doesn't have to be made _______. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
8. Tell him _______ the window.
A. to shut not
B. not to shut
C. to not shut
D. not shut
9. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.
A. not to see
B. not seeing
C. to not see
D. having not seen
10. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _______ after drinking.
A. never to drive
B. to never driver
C. never driving
D. never drive
11 . The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat no
B. eating not
C. not to eat
D. not eating
12. I saw him _______ out of the room.
A. go
B. had gone
C. has gone
D. goes
13. —The light in the office is still on.
—Oh, I forgot _______.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off
14. He always prefers _______ a bicycle. rather than _______ on a crowded bus.
A. to ride；ride
B. riding；ride
C. ride；to ride
D. to ride；riding
15. The price is too low for customers________.
A. to believe
B. believing
C. believed
D. believe [真题链接]
1. The joke was so funny that it made him ____ again and again.
A. laugh
B. to laugh
C. laughed
D. laughs
2. We stopped _________, but there was not any sound.
A. to listen
B. listens
C. listen
D. Listening
3. Mr. Smith told his son _____ the football match because of the exam.
A. not to watch
B. to not watch
C. not watching
D. doesn’t watch
II．把下列的结果状语从句改为enough to或too…to的句式。
1. The room is so large that it can hold one hundred people.
_________________________________________________ 2. The room is so small that it can’t hold one hundred people.
_________________________________________________
3. The text is so easy that a child can understand it. __________________________________________________
4. The text is so difficult that a child can’t understand it.
__________________________________________________ 5. He is so short that he can't be a good basketball player.
___________________________________________________ III.根据汉语提示，使用动词不定式补全下列句子（每空一词）。
1. 他还太小，无法做这事。
He is _______young a boy _______do it.
2. 他手头的工作太多了，不能跟我们去野餐。
He has ______ much work on hand ______ ______ picnicking with us.
3. 他跑得飞快，足以抓住那小偷。
He ran fast _______ ________ catch the thief.
4. 我们老师年纪已够得上退休了。
Our teacher is ______ ______ ______retire.
5. 按时完成作业对我们而言很重要。
It is important _______ _______ _______ finish the homework on time.
参考答案
I．单项选择。
1. A。Bob 关了闹钟的目的是为了多睡一会儿，不定式结构在此作目的状语。
2. B。此处考查不定式作定语。表示“要……”，有将来的意味。
3. B。此题考查“疑问词+不定式”结构在句子中作宾语的情形。句子主语“I”与不定式短语之间是主动关系，因此要选to expect。
4. C。在表示感觉、视、听等生理活动的动词后，用作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to。
5. D。与其它非谓语动词一样，不定式的否定形式即在to do 的前边加上否定词not。
6. D。why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。
7. B。在主动句中，make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动句时，to 不可省略。
8. B。tell sb. to do sth.的否定形式为tell sb. not to do sth.。
9. A。pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。
10. A。warn sb. to do sth. 的否定形式为warn sb. not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never。
11. C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此句为被动句，否定形式为be warned not to do sth.。
12.A。see sb. do sth.看见某人做某事。这里是省略to的不定式作了宾语补足语。
13. C。forget to do sth.忘记（要）做某事。这里是动词不定式作了宾语。
14. A。prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做……不愿做……”。
15. A。too...to ...意为“太而不能”。句意为“价格太低让顾客难以相信”。
[真题链接]
1.A。句意：这个笑话如此好笑以至于让他笑了一次又一次。make + sb. + do(省略to的不定式) 表示“使某人做某事，让某人做某事”。
2. A。句意：我们停下来去听，但是那里没有任何的声音。stop to do sth. 表示“停下来正在做的事情，去做别的事情”；stop doing 表示“停止做某事”。根据句意，选A。
3. A。句意：史密斯先生告诉他的儿子不要看足球比赛了，因为要考试了。tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事。tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事。
II．把下列的结果状语从句改为enough to或too…to的句式。
1. The room is large enough to hold one hundred people.
2. The room is too small (not large enough) to hold one hundred people.
3. The text is easy enough for a child to understand.
4. The text is too difficult (not easy enough) for a child to understand.
5. He is too short (not tall enough )to be a good basketball player.
III.根据汉语提示，使用动词不定式补全下列句子（每空一词）。
1.too, to
2. too, to go
3. enough to
4. old enough to
5. for us to
语法：动词不定式 动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 一、构成：to do .否定式not to do 二、常见时态：一般时to do 进行时to be doing 完成式to have done 完成进行式to have been doing 三、动词不定式在句子中的成分 1、作句子的主语:现实中常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后 置。 比较下列句子 To lear n from your frie nds is importa nt.=lt is importa nt to lear n from your frie nds . ______ To leave without say ing goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying ________ goodbye. To chat with Miss White is a pleasa nt thi ng.=lt is a pleasa nt thi ng to chat with Miss ______ White. To walk to school takes me ten minu tes.=lt takes me ten minu tes to walk to school. _______ 句型总结 It is + adj. + of sb. to do sb：?i= are +adj. +to do 在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等）。 It is very kind of you to help me. It ' s not polite of himto speak to old people like that. It is + adj. + for sb. to do …乞aisb+Odj. +to do 女:果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。 It is n ecessary for us to study hard ___ It is easy for him to speak En glish. 动词不定式作主语练习 1. It's our duty the room every day. A. to clea n B. clea ned C. clea n D. cleans（甘肃省）
初中英语语法知识梳理－动词 动词是表示动作（study, find, swim 等）或状态（be, like, feel 等）的词。动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。 知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 动词分类：动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词四类。 一）助动词 助动词没有任何含义，不能单独做谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be, do, does, did, have, will, shall 等。具体用法如下： 1、助动词be的用法如下： 1）构成各种进行时态。如： It was raining all day yesterday. 昨天整天下雨。 2）构成被动语态。如： The meeting was held yesterday afternoon. 会议是昨天下午举行的。 3）与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如： They are to see an English film this evening. 他们今天晚上看英语电影。 2、助动词do的用法如下： 1）构成疑问式或否定式。如： Does he think so? I didn’t say anything about the result. 2)在动词前加上do, does, did表示强调，意为“的确，确实”。如： They do study hard. She does love him. He did want to help the old man. 3、have: 助动词have 的过去式是had。have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如： He has lived here for three years. As soon as the sun had set they returned. 4、shall, should: 助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态；助动词should 是shall的过去式，构成过去将来时。如：I shall send ten letters to my good friend. She wanted to know if I should go to the palace. 二）情态动词 情态动词本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有：can, may, must, need, should等。 表示能力 表示能力一般用can, could。如：Rose can speak now, but she couldn’t a week ago. be able to 也表示能力，它和can 的区别如下：
初中英语语法讲解 在中考单项选择试题中，除了时态，名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点： 一、可数名词与不可数名词 在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类，（1）分辨是哪一类名词，并根据结论做选择。（2）可数名词复数的不规则变化。（3）不可数名词的量化表达。所以，考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。其次，还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es，如： 1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos hat---hats bag---bags photo---phot os 2bus---buses box---boxes watch---watches brush---brushes 3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes hero---heroes Negro---Negroes 4 leaf---leaves knife---knives 5baby---babies family---families 另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如： Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen Russian---Russians American---Americans
German --- Germans child---children foot---feet man---men woman---women tooth---teeth goose --- geese deer---deer sheep---sheep 还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有：a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of 另外，大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如： Class Five have a foreign friend. 五班有一位外国朋友。（这里的五班指五班的同学的。） His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。（很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。）当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时，意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如， Our school team often plays well in our city. 我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。（这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays. 初中英语语法讲解二、名词所有格 名词所有格有两种形式：一是加’s，一种是用of来表示。一般情况
一、选择题 1．When did your father your mother? A．marry B．marry to C．marry with D．get married 2．—________ Mary________ fruit? —Of course. A．Is; like B．Does; likes C．Does; like D．Do; likes 3．Coffee is ready. How nice it ______! Would you like some? A．looks B．smells C．sounds D．feels 4．A group of little ducks __________ their mother into the river and swim away. A．follow B．miss C．help D．cross 5．Our school basketball team ________ in the final of the basketball competition. Another team from No.5 Middle School ________ doing very well too. A．is; isn’t B．are; aren’t C．is; are D．are; is 6．—What will the weather _______tomorrow? — It is going to_______ . A．be like; rainy B．be like; rain C．like; rain D．like; rainy 7．—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A．am B．is C．are D．be 8．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 9．—I am feeling ill. What should I do? — eating junk food and breakfast every day. A．Stop; having B．Stop; have C．To stop; have. D．To stop; to have 10．—Do you know whom they will have ________the parts of car together?—Sorry,I have no idea. A．fix B．fixed C．to fix D．fixing 11．Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A．is; her B．are; them C．are; her D．is; them 12．Many students are so crazy about mobile games that they lose interest in their schoolwork, which _________ their parents and teachers a lot. A．worries about B．is worried about C．worries D．is worried 13．Their eyes __________blue, but ours_________black. A．are; are B．is; are C．are; is . D．are; is 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is 15．—Who are you _______? — My mother.
2018初中英语语法之名词的动词意义和用法各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢 新一轮中考复习备考周期正式开始，中考网为各位初三考生整理了中考五大必考学科的知识点，主要是对初中三年各学科知识点的梳理和细化，帮助各位考生理清知识脉络，熟悉答题思路，希望各位考生可以在考试中取得优异成绩！下面是《2018初中英语语法之名词的动词意义和用法》，仅供参考！ble, ice, duck, flag... 这些简单的英语单词，它们的名词意义就算对初学英语者来说也一定是小菜一碟，但老外经常把它们当做动词用，它们的动词意义和用法你知道吗？ 1. table：名词，桌子；当动词用，是指开会时延期讨论提案等，也就是暂缓审议。 We are tabling this matter until
further notice. 2. pride：名词，荣誉；当动词用，是指感到得意或自豪。例如： We prided ourselves on our good work. I have long prided myself on being a good teacher. 注意：to pride oneself on和to be proud of 或to take pride in 意思相近，只是用法和后面所跟的介词不同而已。例如： They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist. I am very proud of being a Chinese. 3. carpet：名词，地毯；当动词用，是覆盖的意思。例如： The flower girls carpeted the floor with rose petals before the bride’s entrance. During the winter time my roof is carpeted with white snow. 4. floor：名词，地板；当动词用，
一、选择题 1．Karen and Helen _______ my brother's friends. I know _______. A．is; her B．are; them C．are; her D．is; them 2．—Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? —No, I don’t , but my twin brother . He's very fond of cooking. A．does B．do C．is D．are 3．Colours can change our moods and make us happy or sad . A．feel B．to feel C．felt D．feeling 4．The strawberries delicious. You can have a try. A．eat B．drink C．taste D．sound 5．The teacher's smile made me ________ better. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 6．—How much ________ this pair of shoes? —Five dollars. A．am B．is C．are D．be 7．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 8．This is a photo of my grandpa. He young A．looks B．feels C．sounds D．hears 9．Lily and Lucy _______ their mother. They have big eyes and yellow hair. A．like both B．both are like C．both like D．are both like 10．The shopping mall near our school _________ for 12 hours a day. It _________ at 9:00 p.m.. A．opens; closes B．opens; is closed C．is open; is closed D．is open; closes 11．Amy and her best friend often________books together. A．read B．reads C．look D．looks 12．In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A．to cry; to cry B．cry; cry C．to cry; cry D．cry; to cry 13．What a beautiful song! It ___________so sweet. A．feels B．sounds C．tastes D．smells 14．2019 has come. I hope everyone can make his dream ________. A．came true B．come true C．comes true D．coming true 15．I don't have a Ping-Pong ball, _______ my brother _______. A．but; do B．and; does C．and;do D．but; does 16．Tom and Jim __________ in Class 3. A．is B．be C．am D．are
动词不定式用法及练习 动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 构成：to do .否定式not to do 常见时态：一般时to do 进行时to be doing 完成式to have done 完成进行式to have been doing 三、动词不定式在句子中的成分 1、作句子的主语：现实中常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后置。 比较下列句子To learn from your friends is important.=It is important to learn from your friends . To leave without saying goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying goodbye. To chat with Miss White is a pleasant thing.=It is a pleasant thing to chat with Miss White. To walk to school takes me ten minutes.=It takes me ten minutes to walk to school. 句型总结 It is + adj. + of sb. to do…= sb. is\are +adj. +to do…在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况。（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等） It is very kind of you to help me. It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that. It is + adj. + for sb. to do…≠ sb. is\are +adj. +to do…如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。 It is necessary for us to study hard. It is easy for him to speak English. 2、作句子的表语：不定式放在be 动词后面，用作表语如： Her dream is to be a policeman. My job is to help the patient. Your task is to clean the classroom. My dream is to own a robot. The doctor’s suggestion is to take more exercise. The best way is to talk to your parents. His plan is to travel to Beijing this summer. My purpose is to help you solve this problem. 3、作句子的宾语：不定式放在及物动词后，用作宾语。能跟不定式作宾语的动词（及物）很多，常见的有want, like, hate, wish, hope, prefer, try, ask, start, begin, decide, learn, choose, agree, expect, remember, forget, plan, decide, would like, need, choose, agree, promise, refuse, set out, manage, pretend, I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. They began to read and write. She forgot to close the door. He wanted to borrow my CD player. I hope to speak English well. The workers demanded to get better pay. I hope to hear from you soon. John doesn’t want to be the host of the charity show. They are trying to solve the problem by himself. Millions of people have learned to use computers.
第8单元动词(一) （一）动词的种类 动词是表示动作或状态的词，按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词，连系动词， 助动词和情态动词。 1．行为动词 行为动词可分为及物动词(vt)和不及物动词(vi)，及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，后跟宾语；不及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作 谓语，但后面不能直接跟宾语，如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。 『例』 Thestudentsarelisteningtotheteachercarefully.(vi) 2．连系动词 连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连 系动词有be,get,turn,become,look,feel,grow,seem,sound,taste,smell等。 『例』 3．助动词 助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定， 疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征，助动词有be,do,have,shall,will等。『例』 Thechildrenareplayingyo- 4．情态动词 情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语， 表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有can (could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare等。 『例』CanIhelpyou? -Mustwegonow? –No,youneedn’t. a.can与beableto的用法有所区别。can只用于一般现在时和过去时，指本身有能力的“能”；beableto用于各种时态均可，指须经过努力而“能”。 b.must与have/hasto的用法。must表示说话人主观认为“必须”，只用于一般现在时和一般将来时；have/hasto表示客观需要，意为“不得不”，它可用于各种时态。 c．need和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。 （二）动词不定式 动词不定式todo没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语，但可以和助动词或情态动词构成谓语，又可以在句子中作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、主语、表语等。但 它毕竟是动词，因此，具有动词的许多特点，如它可以有自己的宾语或状语构成不定式 短语。 1．作主语： 『例』 但实际上不定式作主语常用it来作形式主语，而将不定式移至谓语动词后作真正的主语。
初中英语语法大全：动词的概述动词的概述 1.动词是表示动作或状态的词 如：walk play sleep live 2.动词和名词一样，也有人称和数的变化。谓语动词的人称和数一般必须与主语的人称和数保持一致 3.英语动词是词类中最复杂的一种，它的主要语法特征是： ①时态(tense) 特殊的动词词尾和有关的助动词，用以表示动作的时间和方向 ②语态(voice) 特殊的动词形式，用以表示动作的主语和宾语之间的关系，即主语是施事者或是受事者。 ③语气(mood) 特殊的动词形式，用以表示说话人对所说事物的态度。所说的话可能是事实，也可能是命令或请求，也可能是愿望，假设，怀疑，建议，猜测，纯粹的空想等。 ④体(aspect) 动词本身含有的动作方面，有动态和静态。静态包括内心活动，各种感觉和感情等。动态有瞬间，有限，无限，重复等方面。 4.动词的种类 动词的种类比较复杂，大致可以根据其在句子中的功能分为及物动词与不及物动词，连系动词介于两者之间。反身动词则是一种特殊的及物动词。其次，还可以根据其词义和在谓语中的做用，分为实义动词与助动词，情态动词。第三，还可以根据其与主语的关系分为限定动词与非限定动词。最后，还有一种由动词与介词，副词组成的动词短语。 ①：及物动词(transitive verb) 与不及物动词(intransitive verb) 及物动词要求有直接宾语 如：John himself opend the door to me John 亲自来为我开门 不及物动词则不要求有直接宾语 如：The car stopped. 车停了 只有及物动词可用作被动语态 如：The meeting will be hold in the town hall 会议将在市政大厅举行 ②：连系动词(link verb) 是一个表示谓语关系的动词它后必须接表语(通常为名词或是形容词) be 是最基本的连系动词 如：It is not late 时间还不晚 ③：反身动词(reflexive verb) 相当于及物动词，通常以反身动词做宾语如：She always prides herself on her cooking
动词不定式练习：（35份） 一. 根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。 1. He was so angry that he couldn’t say anything. He was too angry _______ ______ anything. 2. I don’t know when we will have the meeting. I don’t know when _______ _______ the meeting. 3. He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a letter ______ _______. 4. That you read English in the morning is very important. It is very important _____ you _____ _______ English in the morning. 5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石头） He was strong _____ _____ ______ the stone. 6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday. His father went to Beijing ________ ______ his holiday. 7. They got up early so that they could get there in time. They got up early _____ ______ _______ ______ there in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided _____ _______ the book. 9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall. He hopes _____ _______ the Great Wall. 10.I saw him go into the room. He was seen _____ ______ into the room. 11.We made him work five hours a day. He was made _____ ______ five hours a day. 12.Do you want to say anything for yourself? Do you have anything _____ _____ for yourself? 13.We don’t know what we shall do next. We don’t know what ____ _______ next. 14.I’m very sorry on hearing the bad news. I’m very sorry _____ _______ the bad news. 15.He stopped and had a look at me. He stopped _____ ______ a look at me. 16.I helped him with his English. I helped him _____ ______ English. 17.My father promised （许诺）that he would buy me a bike. My father promised ____ ______ me a bike. 18.The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it. The box is too heavy ______ me _______ _______. 19.“Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog. The boy ordered his dog ______ ______ down. 20.“Don’t make any noise, ”she said to me. She told me ______ _______ ________ any noise. 二. 单选： 1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced 2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult. A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make 3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music . A .making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D .to make herself heard
一、选择题 1．—Would you like to try some pizza? —Yes, please. It lovely and nice. A．sounds, sees B．looks, smells C．hears, turns D．sounds, watches 2．In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A．to cry; to cry B．cry; cry C．to cry; cry D．cry; to cry 3．These chicken wings taste ________. I want more. A．well B．wonderfully C．nice D．bad 4．Parents always hope their children a happy and healthy life. A．to live B．can live C．living D．should live 5．The teacher's smile made me ________ better. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 6．—Listen! I can hear someone __________ for help. —Is there __________? A．calling; anything wrong B．call; anything wrong C．calling; wrong anything D．call; wrong anything 7．—_______everyone get tired today? —Yes, we_______very tired the whole afternoon. A．Does; are all B．Do; are all C．Does; all are D．Is; all are 8．The library ______ from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. on weekdays. But it______ at 5 p.m. on Saturdays and Sundays. A．is open; closes B．opens; closed C．is opened; closes D．is opening; is closed 9．Which of the following sentences is right? A．My books on the desk B．Nice meet you, too C．These are my dictionaries D．Thanks you for your help. 10．—When you free last week? — Well, I have a free day because there was too much work. A．did; didn’t B．were; didn’t C．were; wasn’t D．did; wasn’t 11．The shopping mall near our school _________ for 12 hours a day. It _________ at 9:00 p.m.. A．opens; closes B．opens; is closed C．is open; is closed D．is open; closes 12．Hard work can bring you , but if you are lazy, you won’t become . A．success; success B．successful; success C．success; successful D．successful; succeed 13．—Where_______you come from? —I______from Japan A．are; am B．are; come C．do; come
一、选择题 1．I don't have a Ping-Pong ball, _______ my brother _______. A．but; do B．and; does C．and;do D．but; does 2．—Listen! I can hear someone __________ for help. —Is there __________? A．calling; anything wrong B．call; anything wrong C．calling; wrong anything D．call; wrong anything 3．What kind of music ________ he ________? A．does; listen B．does; listen to C．is; listen D．is; listen to 4．My mother with me ________ at my grandma’s home ________that snowy night. A．were, at B．was, at C．was, on 5．My parents don’t_______me eat_______junk food. A．like; too many B．want; too much C．ask; too many D．let; too much 6．Lucy and I ________ good friends. A．am B．is C．are 7．I tried to make the baby ________by singing, and that worked well at last. A．stop crying B．to stop crying C．stop to cry D．to stop to cry 8．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 9．This is a photo of my grandpa. He young A．looks B．feels C．sounds D．hears 10．Lily and Lucy _______ their mother. They have big eyes and yellow hair. A．like both B．both are like C．both like D．are both like 11．—The books on the table_________ Mike’s, right? —Yes, they are. A．am B．is C．are 12．The strawberries delicious. You can have a try. A．eat B．drink C．taste D．sound 13．— What kind of home do you ? — A flat three bedrooms. A．live in; with B．live; with C．live in; has D．live; has 14．—How much ________ this pair of socks? —Two dollars for one pair. A．am B．is C．are 15．The Great Wall (长城) ________ long and it ________ a long history (历史). A．has; is B．is; is C．is; has D．have; has 16．—Let him __________us to learn English, OK? —Great!
2010年中考英语汇总--动词的分类概念：表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。 动词的分类 1.按照在句子中的功能，动词可分为四类：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。 说明：某些情况下，有些动词既可做实义动词，又可做助动词，例如： We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。（having是实义动词。） He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。（has是助动词。） 2. 按照后面是否有宾语，分为两类：及物动词（vt）、不及物动词（vi）。 说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing在此用作不及物动词。） She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing用作及物动词。） 3. 根据是否受主语的限制，分两类：限定动词、非限定动词。例如： She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings.） She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。（to learn不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。） 说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式、动名词、分词。 在这里我们多说一下to+动词原型，和ing形式。英语不同于我们的汉语，不可以两个动词联用。如，我们汉语说，我喜欢吃苹果。其中“喜欢”和“吃”是两个动词，汉语这样说没有问题，如果翻译成英语，就变成了“I like eat apple.”这种说法按照英语的规定是不对的。那怎么办呢，于是就在两个动词之间多了一个“to”，或者把第二个词加上ing.于是就变成了“I like to eat apple.或者I like eatting apple”这样说来，动词是不是很简单啦！ 4.根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类：单字词、短语动词、动词短语。例如： The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。（contains是单字动词。） Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. 学生们学会查字典。（look up是短语动词。） The young ought to take care of the old. 年轻人应照料老人。（take care of是动词短语。） 5.动词有五种形态：原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。