2013年12月英语四级考试(改革题型)预测试卷(一)
Section A
36、Questions 36-46 are based on the following passage.
Britain is not just one country and one people; even if some of its inhabitants think so. Britain is, infact, a nation which can be divided into several (36) __ parts, each part being an individual countrywith its own language, character and cultural (37) __. Thus Scotland, Northern Ireland and Walesdo not claim to (38) __ to "England" because their inhabitants are not (39) __ "English".They are Scottish, Irish or Welsh and many of them prefer to speak their own native tongue, which inturn is (40) ___ to the others.
These cultural minorities (少数名族) have been Britain's original inhabitants. In varying degreesthey have managed to (41) __ their national characteristics, and their particular customs and wayof life. This is probably even more ture of the (42)___areas where traditional life has not been soaffected by the (43) __ of industrialism as the border areas have been. The Celtic races are saidto be more emotional by nature than the English. An Irish temper is legendary. The Scots would rather(44) __ about their reputation for excessive thrift and prefer to be remembered for their folk songsand dances, while the Welsh are famous for their singing. The Celtic (45) __ as a whole produceshumorous writers and artists, such as the Irish Bernard Shaw, the Scottish Robert Bums, and the WelshDylan Thomas, to mention but a few.
A)incomprehensible
B)temper
C) remote
D) separate
E) understandable
F) forget
G) generally
H) temperament
I) preserve
J) strictly
K) traditions
L) reserve
M) growth
N) apply
O) belong
第(36)题________
37、第(37)题________
38、第(38)题________
39、第(39)题________
40、第(40)题________
41、第(41)题________
42、第(42)题________
43、第(43)题________
44、第(44)题________
45、第(45)题________
Section B
46、回答46-56题：
A) The effect of television on children has been debated ever since the first sets were turned on. Nowthree new studies find that too much tube time can lower test scores, retard learning and even predict college performance. The reports appear in the July issue of the Archives of Pediatrics & Ado-lescent Medicine.
B) In the first report, researchers studied the effect that having a TV in a child's bedroom can have onthird graders. "We looked at the household media environment in relation to academic achievementon mathematics, reading and language arts tests," said study author Dina L.G. Borzekowski, an as-sistant professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.
C) Borzekowski and her colleague, Dr. Thomas Robinson of Stanford University, collected data on386 third graders and their parents about how much TV the children watched, the number of TVsets, computers and video game consoles in the household and where they were. They also collecteddata on how much time the children spent using the different media, as well as the time spent doinghomework and reading. The researchers found that the media in the household, where it is and howit is used can have a profound effect on learning. "We found that the household media environmenthas a very close association with performance on the different test scores," Borzekowski said.
D) "A child who has a TV in his or her bedroom is likely to have a score that is eight points lower ona mathematics test compared to a child who doesn't have a TV in the bedroom," she noted. Thesechildren also scored lower on the reading and language arts tests. However, children who have ac-cess to a home computer are likely to have higher scores on each of the tests compared with chil-dren who don't have access to a home computer, Borzekowski noted.
E) The reasons why TV has this negative effect are not clear, Borzekowski said. "When there's TVin the bedroom, parents are less likely to have control over the content and the amount watched,"Borzekowski said. "They are also unable to know how early or how late the set is on. This seemsto be associated with kids' performance on academic tests." Borzekowski believes that content andthe time the TV is on may be the primary
reasons for its negative effect. "If the TV is in the familyroom, then parents can see the content of what children are watching," she said. "Parents can chooseto sit alongside and watch, or turn the set off. A simple and straightforward, positive parenting strat-egy is to keep the TV out of the child's bedroom, or remove it if it's already there."
F) In the second report, Dr. Robert J. Hancox from the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand,and colleagues found, regardless of your intelligence or social background, if you watch a lot of TVduring childhood, you are a lot less likely to have a college degree by your mid-20s. In their study,the researchers followed 1,037 people born in 1972 and 1973. Every two years, between the ages of5 and 15, they were asked how much television they watched. The researchers found that those whowatched the most television during these years had earned fewer degrees by the time they were 26."We found that the more television the child had watched, the more likely they were to leave schoolwithout any qualifications," Hancox said in a prepared statement. "Those who watched little televi-sion had the best chance of going on to university and earning a degree."
G) Hancox's team found that watching TV at an early age had the most effect on graduating from col-lege. "An interesting finding was that although teenage viewing was strongly linked to leavingschool without any qualifications, it was earlier childhood viewing that had the greatest impact ongetting a degree," he said. "This suggests that excessive television in younger children has a long-lasting adverse effect on educational performance."
H) In the third paper, Frederick J. Zimmerman and Dr. Dimitri A. Christakis from the University of Washington report that, for very young children, watching TV can result in lower test scores inmathematics, reading recognition and reading comprehension. "We looked at how much televisionchildren watched before age 3 and then at ages 3 to 5," Zimmerman said. "We found that for chil-dren who watched a small amount of TV in the earlier years, there was co nsiderable beneficial ef-fect compared to children who watched a lot of TV."
I) For children aged 3 to 5, the effect was not as clear, Zimmerman said. "There were some beneficialeffects of watching TV on reading, but no beneficial effects for math or vocabulary," he noted. "Theworst pattern was to watch more than three hours of TV before age 3. Those kids had a significantdisadvantage compared to the other kids." Parents should follow the American Academy of Pediat-rics recommendation, which is no TV for children under 2, Zimmerman said. "Personally, I feel thecutoff should be children under 3, because there is just not any good content for children under 3."
J) One expert believes that TV can have both positive and negative effects, but it all depends on whatchildren are watching. "Content matters," said Deborah L. Linebarger, an assistant professor at theUniversity of Pennsylvania, who co-authored an accompanying
editorial. "Educational content hasbeen found to be related to performance on school readiness tests, higher grades when they are teen-agers, whereas, non-educational content tends to be associated with lower academic performance."
K) Another expert agrees. "TV watching takes up space that could be used by more useful things," saidDr. Christopher P. Lucas, a clinical coordinator at the Early Childhood Evaluation and TreatmentProgram at the New York University Child Study Center. "TV is not necessarily toxic, but is some-thing that has to be done in moderation; something that balances the other needs of the child forhealthy development."
L) Lucas puts the responsibility for how much TV kids watch and what they watch squarely on par-ents. "The amount of TV watching certainly has a link with the reduced amount of time reading ordoing homework," he said. "The key is the amount of control parents have in limiting the amount ofaccess. Get the TV out of the bedroom; be aware of what is being watched; limit the amount of TVwatching."
According to Borzekowski, children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better results on the different tests.
47、The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescents Medicine find that watching too much TV leads to poor performance in school.
48、Watching more than three hours of TV before age 3 has bad effect on kids.
49、According to the second report, the chance for one to acquire a college degree depends on the amount of his TV watching during childhood.
50、In Deborah L. Lingbarger's opinion, educational content is helpful for teenagers to get better results on school readiness tests.
51、The environment of family media greatly affects children's test scores according to the first report.
52、Borzekowski believes that TV's negative effect on children's marks may mainly lie in what children watch on TV and how much time they spend on it.
53、Lucas thinks parents should take the responsibility to supervise kids' TV watching.
54、According to the recommendation from American Academy of Pediatrics, children under 2 should watch no TV.
55、Hancox thinks earlier childhood TV watching affects one's acquiring a college degree most.
Section C
56、Questions 56-61 are based on the following passage.
Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on asmaller scale, faces practically every company, trying to develop new products and create new jobs.There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, andwhile banks may agree to provide
short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend themmoney, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuingstocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can put into circulationthe savings of individual and institutions, both at home and overseas.
When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seekingto invest his money.
Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Governmentor by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could notfunction. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, localauthorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they too, come to the Stock Exchange.
There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one wayor another, this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stocky Exchange exists top rovide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
Almost all companies trying to develop new products and creating new jobs have to
A.persuade the banks to provide long-term finance
B.rely on their own financial resources
C.borrow large sums of money from friends and relatives
D.depend on the population as a whole for finance
57、The money, which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects, is
A.raised by the selling of shares in the companies
B.repaid to its original owners as soon as possible
C.raised by putting into circulation of the savings of individual overseas
D.invested in different companies on the Stock Exchange
58、The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the government, local authorities and nationalized industries
A.to make certain everybody saves money
B.to borrow as much money as they wish
C.to raise money to finance new developments
D.to make certain everybody lends money to them
59、All the essential services on which we depend are
A.run by the Government or our local authorities
B.in constant need of financial support
C.unable to meet the needs of the populations
D.financed wholly by rates and taxes
60、When the savers want their money back they
A.transfer their money to a more successful company
B.have to borrow money from other people
C.put their shares in the company back on the market
D.go to the company to take it back
61、Questions{TSE}are based on the following passage.
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness,but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you're "hot". That's true.The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as: "Get up, John! You'll be late for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what the seenergy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late any way.Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning, but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour.This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiting more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably _____ .
A.he is a lazy person
B.he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C.he is not sure when his energy is low
D.he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
62、Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A.Unawareness of energy cycles.
B.Familiar monologues.
C.A change in a family member's energy cycle.
D.Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.
63、If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he
should_____ .
A.change his energy cycle
B.overcome his laziness
C.get up earlier than usual
D.go to bed earlier
64、You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will
A.help to keep your energy for the day's work
B.help you to control your temper early in the day
C.enable you to concentrate on your routine work
D.keep your energy cycle under control all day
65、Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A.Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one's energy.
B.Dr. Kletman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.
C.Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.
D.Children have energy cycles, too.
Part IV Translation.(30minutes)
66、端午节(the Duanwu Festival)，也叫龙舟节(the Dragon Boat Festival)，是中国农历(Chineselunar calendar)的五月初五。关于这个节日有很多传说，但是最著名是屈原的传说。屈原是战国(the Warring States PerioD.时期楚国的一位大臣。他正直，忠诚，因为提出让国家和平繁荣的建议而为人所尊重。然而，国王的统治让屈原日益心灰意冷，他于农历五月初五自沉汨罗江。
2013年12月英语四级考试(改革题型)预测试卷
(二)
36、Questions 36-46are based on the follow inggpassage.
“Made in China” lost its novelty(新颖)long ago.The label has become36 in much of the world，stick to shoes，toys，clothes and a host of other items produced for global companies.What is novelty, however, are China.made goods __37__ under Chinese brand names.Only a handful of Chinese firms so __38__ have the money and the management technique to establish international__39__.Most of the vast companies are struggling to get even national recognition.But the pioneering companies which have started exploring overseas market might be 40 as on the beginning of something big.
Some__41__ that individually，with the help of enterprising local management or eager multinational partners wanting to add new products to their stable，Chinese brands could become a global phenomenon within a decade，marketed on quality and foreign appeal，as __ 42 __ as competitive pricing.
The concept of Chinese brands has been evolving through the 1990s，but is now getting__43__ attention at home.Although the domestic market is still robust，a handful of__ 44__enterprises，or SOEs，including listed Chinese companies，are now looking to establish international brands because they believe the quality of both their products and their management has ___45___.Chinese joint ventures think their products can compete on quality with foreign brands anywhere，while enjoying the advantage of being perceived as exotic.
A.well
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a415862589.html,panies
C.less
D.far
E.regarded
F.that
G.believe
H.greater
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a415862589.html,d
J.improved
K.state-owned
L.widespread
M.sold
N.brands
O.looked
第(36)题__________
37、第(37)题__________
38、第(38)题__________
39、第(39)题__________
40、第(40)题__________
41、第(41)题__________
42、第(42)题__________
43、第(43)题__________
44、第(44)题__________
45、第(45)题__________
46、
回答46-56问题：
Driver’s License Test Tips
A) This article will provide you with some simple tips for passing your driver’s license test.Adequate preparation is absolutely essential，without which any number of driver’s license test tips will be redundant.
B) Getting a driver’s license is a big step in anyone’s life.It gives an individual the luxury to drive a car anytime he or she pleases，as driving without passing a driver’s license test is against the law.For some people，the stress can be too much to handle and as a result they may mess up on the driver’s license test.There are some simple driver’s license test tips that anyone can follow,to be assured of passing the test and getting their driver’s license.
C) The most importan t of all the tips for passing your driver’s license test is to be prepared.This can only be achieved by you through hours and hours of sincere and diligent practice.If you are not sufficiently prepared for your driver’s license test，all the driver’s license tips for passing your driver’slicense test will be utterly pointless and redundant.You can read as many drivers’license test tips as you want，but if you are not practicing enough，then all these driving test tips will be in vain.Enroll ing yourself in driving schools is advisable for this purpose.
D) Now，if you’re wondering how to prepare for your driving test，the first thing you need to know is what the driving test instructors and officials are going to be looking
for.The following are the qualities that the instructors will be on the lookout for and also the parameters that the scoring will be conducted on.
E) Starting the vehicle：The instructor will be observing you right from the time you start the vehicle.
He will note if you tum your head to look back and if you follow all the safety regulations that are required to be followed while starting a vehicle.Here are some tips on learning to drive a car.
F) Control of the vehicle：He will pay close attention to how much control you actually have over the vehicle.Your abilities with the gas pedal，the brake，the steering wheel and other controls will be scrutinized.
G) Steering：Not many road test tips stress on the importance of steering.This quality is closely ana.
lyzed by the instructor and obviously if your steering is wayward(任性的.，the chances of passing the driver’s license test are very slim.
H) Driving in traffic：Keeping calm and avoiding panic attacks while driving in traffic is of utmost importance.Many people get extremely stressed and nervous，when they are in the midst of traffic and one of the very crucial tips to pass road test for driver’s license is to
stay calm and composed when driving in traffic.Also read more on road safety and car safety.
I) Traffic signs and lane discipline：This is another area that the instructors will be rating you on.Your ability to observe lane discipline and your recognition of the various traffic signs plays a major role in your passing the test.Keep these driver’s license test tips in mind to pass the test in your veryfirst attempt.
J) Stopping：Stopping the car smoothly and at the right place is a critical skill to have.When the in. structor asks you to stop the car，the timing，the positioning and the technique of doing so are important driving test tips to bear in mind.
K) Backing up and distance judgment：Your backing up skills and your ability to judge the distances
between your vehicle and other entities will also be carefully scrutinized.If you cannot back up your vehicle satisfactorily ,parking would be very troublesome for you and a major source of hazard to you and to others around you.
L) Hill parking：One of the essential tips for passing your driver’s license test is to master the art of hill parking.This is not as easy as it seems and can become a major source of anxiety in a driver.If you can display good skills at hill parking，it proves that you have developed good control over the vehicle.
M) Arm signals and driving etiquette：Another aspect that you will be judged on is your efficiency at giving the right arm signals at the right time.Your respect for other drivers on the road and the amount of courtesy you show them also plays a part in your final rating on the driver’s license test.
Read more about defensive driving techniques and tips and defensive driving courses.
N) Drivers who are well aware and informed about all the rules and regulations that need to be followed have a beRer chance of clearing their driver’s license test.The primary goal of these driver，slicense test tips is to instill(慢慢灌输.a responsible and mature frame of mind in every individ.
ual.These road test tips will be pointless unless you develop a calm demeanor and tmless you are aware of all the rules that must be followed while driving.
O) Here are a few more basic drivers’license test tip s that you should keep in mind when vou，re leaming how to prepare for your driving test.Always use the restroom before your test begins.Not doing so will cause more anxiety during the test.Memorize all the traffic signs and their significance well in advance before the https://www.doczj.com/doc/a415862589.html,e your rear view mirrors efficiently and regularly.Ensure that you are well on time for your test and are carrying all the required documents and paperwork.Get adequate sleep the previous night and do not give the test with an empty stomach.Stick to the permitted speed limit.Do not drive too fast and do not drive too slow either.
P) Passing a driver’s license test is not simple and unless you are well versed in driver education.You could face a lot of difficulties.At the end of the day,remember that the instructors also want you to pass the test，so do your best to stay calm and composed and believe in your ability to pass the test.
This cannot be reinstated enough，but the key to passing your driver’s license test is practice.
According to this article，the importance of steering is emphasized by not many road test tips.
47、Your timing，positioning and technique should be considered by yourself when you stoD your test car.
48、Some people may fail their driver’s license tests because they have too much stress.
49、Hill parking as one of the essential tips for your license test seems easV.
50、The tips in this article primarily aimed at instilling a responsible and mature frame of mind in you.
51、In order to pass your driver’s license test.you should practice.
52、Your driver’s license test begins in practice when you start your test car.
53、During the preparation process，a few more basic tips should be kept in mind.
54、You should sleep adequately the night before your test.
55、A lot of difficulties could be faced if you are not well versed in driver education.
56、回答56-61问题：
Wouldn’t it be great if you could just look up at the sky and read the weather forecast right away?
Well，you can.The forecast is written in clouds.If you can read that writing，you can tell something about the atmosphere.With some practice，you can become a pretty good weather forecaster.Who knows，you might even do as well as meteorologists.
Meteorologists use much more information than just the appearance of the clouds to make their forecast.They collect data from all over the world.Then they put it into powerful，high—speed computers.This does give the meteorologists an advantage，because they can track weather patterns as they move from west to east across the country.But you have an advantage，too.You can look at the sky and get your data directly.A meteorologist USCS a computer forecast that’s several hours old to make a local forecast.
What are you seeing when you look at a cloud?“A picture of moisture is doing in the atmosphere，”says meteorologist Peter Leavitt.There’s moisture throughout the atmosphere.Most of the time you don’t see it，because it’s in the form of an invisible gas called water vapor.Sometimes，the temperature of the air gets cold enough to cause the water vapor to change to liquid water.It’s called condensation，and we see it happen all
the time(for example，when humid air from the shower hits the cold glasses of a mirror).When enough water vapor condenses，droplets come in the air.These droplets scatter light.A cloud is seen.
Watching clouds over a day or two tells you a lot more than a single cloud about the weather to come.Changes in clouds show changes in the atmosphere.You should begin to notice pattems.Certain clouds，following each other in order,can signal an approaching storm.But don’t take our word for it;see for yourself.
The word“meteorologists”in the first paragraph means_______.
A.people who broadcast weather on TV
B.people who are in charge of weather forecast
C.experts who study the earth’s atmosphere and its changes
D.experts who study the earth’s crust，rocks，strata and the history of its development
57、According to the passage，an ordinary person might do as well as meteorologist in weather forecast_______.
A.with some simple practice looking up at the sky
B.with the help of the high—speed computers
C.through a complex instruments
D.consulting a weather station
58、Meteorologists can make their weather forecast_______.
A.by using information of the appearance of the clouds only
B.by collecting data from parts of the world
C.by calculating and analyzing this data
D.by watching the sky
59、According to the passage，your advantage in weather forecasts is that_______.
A.you have a high-speed computer
B.you observe the sky and obtain your data directly
C.you have more instruments at home
D.you can track weather patterns as they move from west to east across the country
60、This passage mainly tells us about how to_______.
A.train yourself as a meteorologist
B.be an assistant to a meteorologist
C.forecast the weather by ourselves
D.broadcast the weather forecast
61、Passage Two Questions{TSE} are based on thefollowingpassage.
Acid rain，which is a form of air pollution，currently becomes a subject of great debate because of widespread environmental damage for which it has been blamed.It forms when oxides of sulfur(硫) and nitrogen(氮)combine with atmospheric moisture to yield sulfuric and nitric acids，which may then be carried long distances from their source before
they drop in the form of rain.The pollution may also take the form of snow or fog or fall down in dry forms.In fact，although the term“acid rain”has been in use for more than a century——it is derived from atmospheric studies that were made in the region of Manchester,England—the more accurate scientific term would be“acid deposition”.The dry form of such deposition is just as damaging to the environment as the liquid form.
The problem of acid rain originated with the Industrial Revolution，and it has been growing ever since.The severity of its effects has long been recognized in local settings，as exemplified by the spells of acid smog in heavily industrialized areas.The widespread destructiveness of acid rain，however,has become evident only in recent decades.One large area that has been studied extensively is northernEurope，where acid rain has eroded structures，injured crops and forests，and threatened life in freshwater lakes.In 1984，for example，environmental reports indicated that almost half of the trees in Germany’s Black Forest had been damaged by acid rain.The northeastem United States and eastern Canada have also been Darticularly affected by this form of pollution.Damage has also been detected in other areas of these countries and other regions of the world.
Industial emissions have been blamed as the maj or cause of acid rain.Because the chemical reactions involved in the production of acid rain in the atmosphere are complex and as yet little understood.industries have tended to challenge such assessments and to stress the need for further studies and because of the cost of pollution reduction，governments have tended to support this attitude.
Studies released by the USA government in the early 1980s，however，strongly indicated industries as the main source of acid rain，in the eastern USA and Canada.
From the first sentence of the passage，we Iearn that_____.
A.acid rain has caused air pollution
B.acid rain has caused widespread environmental damage
C.acid rain has become a much-studied subject
D.acid rain travels in all directions before it rains down
62、According to the passage，acid fog_____.
A.falls down when the atmosphere is moist
B.is not as frequent as acid rain
C.often falls in the region of Manchester,England
D.is as damaging as acid rain
63、The second paragraph is mainly about_____.
A.the origin of acid rain
B.the cause of acid rain
C.the formation of acid rain
D.the widespread damage of acid rain
64、Why is acid rain liRle understood?
A.Because it is a new phenomenon.
B.Because it is not frequent enough.
C.Because its formation is complex.
D.Because it is difficult to study it.
65、According to the passage，Governments_______.
A.deny that industries causes acid rain
B.admit that they are only partly responsible
C.claim that they are the main sources of pollution
D.think that the cause of acid rain needs further study
66、农历八月十五日是中国的传统节日一一中秋节。传说月亮在这一天最大最圆。中秋节的传说是非常丰富的，嫦娥(Chang Er)奔月是最为人所熟知的故事。虽然各地风俗不同，但是赏月是最流行的活动。每当中秋月亮升起，人们会将月饼、石榴(pomegranate)、枣子等瓜果供于桌案上，全家人围桌而坐，边吃边谈，共赏明月。
2013年12月英语四级考试(改革题型)预测试卷(三)
Section A
36、Questions 36-46 are based on the following passage.
The typical pre—industrial family not only had a good many children，but numerous other dependents as well—grandparents，uncles，aunts and
cousins.Such“extended”families were suited for survival in slow paced
___36___societies.But such families are hard to___37___.They are immobile.
Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs，and to move again whenever necessary.Thus the extended family38 shed its excess wei ght and the so called“nuclear”family emerged—a stripped—down，portable family unit___39___0nly of parents and a small set of children.
This new style of family,far more___40___than the traditional extended family，became the standard model in all the industrial countries.Super-industrialism，however,the next stage of ec0—technological development，___41___ even higher mobility.Thus we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlining process，a step further by remaining children，cutting the family down to its more___42___components，a man and a woman.Two people，perhaps with matched careers，will prove more efficient at navigating through education and social status，through job changes and geographic relocations，than the ordinarily child—cluttered family.A___43___maybe the postponement of children，rather than childlessness.Men and women today are often torn in___44___between a commitment to career and a commitment to children.In the future，many___45___will side aside this problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.
第(36)题________
37、第(37)题________
38、第(38)题________
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Section B
46、回答46-56题：
A)Are you at a loss for creative book report ideas for your students?If yes.then this article will help you make reading and reviewing books more creative for your class.In an age of PSPs，Xbox，anime and gaming arcades，reading has lost its foothold in the list of hobbies that children tend to cite.
Most of the reading that kids do today,comes in the form of compulsory books that they need to read for school and maybe that is the reason they find reading to be an insurmountable and boring task.If you want to inculcate the love for languages and literary masterpieces in your students and want them to devour books everyone should read，then a good way of going about the same would be to get them to start working on creative book report ideas.While working on creative ideas for book reports，your students will have to understand the book in a way that allows them to come up with new ways to present to the class，the essence of the book.
B)As a teachel while egging your students to activate their creative gray cells.you will have to help them out with basic ideas that they can work on.Depending on the age bracket that your students belong to，the creative book report ideas will vary.This is so，not just because of the varying attention spans that children of various age groups posses but also because of the amount of work that kids can put into the report.While a middle school student wiIl be comfortable handling a handy cam，a student from elementary school will be more fascinated if he is working with paints and puppets.So do you want to know how to write a book report creatively?In this article.we will list out for you，a couple of good creative book report ideas for elementary students and for middle school students.
C)A book report sandwich is a good creative idea for book reports.As a teacher you can get drawings of a sandwich on sheets of Paper that are of the color of the ingredients
of your sandwich，for example，a cream sheet of paper to resemble mayonnaise，red to represent tomato and likewise.Ob.
viously,each ingredient should be cut in a way that when assembled together,it looks like a sandwich.Now,give each of your students one of these book sandwiches to create their book report.
It can start with the name of the book and the author’s name on the top slice of the sandwich.The second ingredient can have the summary of the book on it.Each subsequent ingredient can have a description of the main characters，the setting of the book，the plot，and then his or her views about the book.Once they are done with their book reports，they can staple the book sandwich together and then，you can create a class bulletin board with all the book report sandwiches on display.
D)One of the good techniques to retell a story,it is also one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students.The job that the student will have is to read the book and then pick a few objects at his/her home which will allow him/her to retell the story in a way that makes it interesting for his/ her audience.Every time he/she picks out an object from the bag to report the book he/she has read，there has to be a valid connection between the book and the object，which the student can first ask the audience to guess and then go ahead and explain it.This idea is spin—off on the normal show and tells and allows for an interactive book report session.
E)This is one of the creative ideas for book reports in which.as the teacher, you will have to divideyour class into groups and give them one book each.The students can then read the book and get together and write a play and act it out for the class.To give a deeper insight into the book，one of the students can play the role of the author and as a group，the students can try and recreate the thought Drocess of the author.The student playing the role of the author can then interrupt the play at lmportant iunctllres and talk about the reasons for these twists in the play and how he/she came up with these plot lines.
F)As a voung adult，your student’s fascination may go beyond the immediate concerns of the book.
He/she may want to understand the circumstances in which the book was written，the times then，the events happening i n the world and get the author’s perspective about the book.Encourage your students to mink on those lines.Divide the class into pairs and give each pair one book to read.Let them then do the roles of the author and a journalist.You can have an interview session in front of the class.enabling them to dissect the book and get a peek into the author’s world.
G)In a technology—obsessed world，it maybe a very tiny minority of your class that does not get excited with the Drospect of shooting a film.One of the best creative book report ideas for middle school，you will need to divide the class into groups and give them
at least two months to adapt the book that thev have been assigned，into a film.The movie should have a well—adapted screenplay,and allother prerequisites，like a lighting engineer,sound engineer, costume designer,etc.At the end of the given time，the film can be screened in front of the class and then discussed.
H)If you are on the lookout for good individual creative book report ideas，then this one could be for you.Assign every student a book and then ask them to start maintaining a diary,from the author’sDoint of vie w.Ask them to come up with imaginary incidents from the author’s life and use historical events to explain why the author wrote the book in a certain manner.Alternately, you can also ask your students to give a surrogate ending to the story.
I)These are just few of the options that you could use to inspire your students to come up with creative book report ideas.As kids we tend to be more imaginative and
creative .Encourage your students to mink om of the box and appreciate them for their efforts.This will help you have a class that is not only lively and inquisitive by nature but also a class that will cultivate a love for words.
Teachers can create a class bulletin board to display all the book report sandwiches after their students finish their reports.
47、Adopting the method of knowing your author,teachers can encourage students to think beyond the immediate concerns of the book.
48、Asking me students to write from their own point of view is suitable for teachers who are on the lookout for good individual creative book report ideas.
49、Retelling a story is one of the favorite creative book report ideas among students and it tells and allows for an interactive book report session.
50、Nowadays，most of book children read are those they need to read for school.
51、Teachers tend to be more imaginative and creative as kids.
52、While working on creative ideas for book reports，students will have to understand the book.
53、The creative book report ideas vary according to ages because children in different age groups have different attention span.
54、If teachers ask their students to shoot a film about a book，they should give them no fewer than two months.
55、Teachers have to divide their class into groups and give them one book each is
a good creative book report ideas.
Section C
56、Questions 56-61 are based on the following passage.
The ownership of pets brings a variety of benefits that the uninitiated would never believe.For every tale of shredded cushion，flattened plants，and chew slippers，there is another testimony of intelligence，sympathy and undying devotion.Now the gowing body
of research into the medical and social advantages of pet ownership has confirmed what pet owners have always intuitively known that pets are not just loving companions but actually do us good.Researchers have established the value of pets in soothing and reassuring humans，particularly when ill，lonely or in distress.Perhaps the unquestioning love and approval pets give us is something we don’t always get from out human nearest and dearest.
Our makeshift understanding psychology leads many of us to view very close relationships with pets with suspicion.Childless couples in particular give rise to speculation，but a consultant in animal behavior says，“There is no evidence that a pet is a direct substitute for child.”And while many adults feel foolish if caught talking to their pets，they have no need to.The experts say you cannot have a close relationship with a pet without treating it as a person and that talking to a pet is notun healthy.—simply a way of establishing camaraderie.
The shaking helplessness of a young puppy or fluffy kitten stirs protective instincts deep within us and prompts many parents to buy pets for their children in the hope of instilling a sense of responsibility and caring and acceptance of the facts of life and death.Hut animals don’t have to besoft and fond to b ring out the best in us.A social worker encouraged aggressive boys to handle ferrets—“if handled correctly they respond with friendship;if incorrectly they bite.”
There seems to be no doubt that，emotionally and physically,our pets do us good—there is a Drice to be paid.When loved animal dies，it is often a traumatic event—and then where do we tum for comfort?
Pets are sometimes criticized because they_______.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a415862589.html,ck intelligence
B.are destructive
C.need considerable care
D.demand affection
57、The idea that animals are a substitute for children is_______.
A.supported by research
B.encouraged by psychologists
C.an argument for keeping a pet
D.a common prejudice
58、Talking to animals is_______.
A.silly
B.suspicious
C.beneficial
D.stimulating
59、A ferret is probably a kind of_______.
A.tame animal
B.fierce anitaal
C.lovely animal
D.tamable animal
60、The writer believes that pets are valuable to children because they_______.
A.return affection
B.are comforting
C.need looking after
D.are protective
61、Questions {TSE} are based on the following passage.
Politics is an emotional business.Still，many people found themselves unusually moved by the historic presidential inauguration.Watching the huge crowds，we saw laughter,cheers，hugs—but also many tears.
It made us wonder ,why do people cry ?It is believed that tears must be good for us—a way to calm the mind and cleanse the soul.Yet studies show that crying sometimes makes people feel worse.
Three researchers in Florida and the Netherlands recently looked more deeply into the subject.
They examined detailed descriptions of crying experiences.Psychologist Jonathan Rottenberg at the University of South Florida says they wanted to study crying as it happens in everyday life，not in a laboratory.The team analyzed information from the International Study on Adult Crying.As Dart of that study,3，000 people in different countries，mostly college students，wrote about recent crying experiences.They noted causes，surroundings and any people involved in the event.They also reported how they felt after they cried.
Professor Rottenberg says the research showed that all crying experiences are not created equally.
Crying does not always make a person feel better,he says.About lo percent of people reported feeling worse after they cried.But a third felt better after crying.And a majority reported the experience was helpful.The research showed that people who cry alone may not do as well as those with others around.
People who reached out for emotional support at the time——and received it——reported better resuIts from the crying experience.But those who felt shame or embarrassment while crying were less likely to report that crying had been helpful.
Research has shown that women cry more often and more intensely than men，but it mav not be to better effect.The new findings did not show that a person’s sex was a predictor of beneficial crying.
In other words，just because women cry more does not mean they are more likely to have a"good"cry.
The paper entitled/s Crying Beneficial?appeared in December in Current Directions in Psychologica，Science.Scientists say the science of crying is still in its infancy.
According to the passage，which of the following statements about crying is TRUE?
A.Crying is absolutely good for people’s health.
B.Those crying with others around will feel better than those crying alone.
C.Crying will help a lot for those who felt shame or embarrassment while crying.
D.The benefits of crying are related to a person’s sex.
62、Shedding tears is believed to do good to us because______.
A.it enables us to recover an easy mind
B.it helps us solve the problem
C.it arouses others’sympathy
D.it can wash our body
63、Studies show that one will not feel better after crying when______.
A.shedding tears with others around
B.receiving emotional support from others
C.feeling embarrassed or ashamed during crying
D.the person who cries is female
64、That women cry more does not mean they are more likely to have a“good”cry implies that_______.
A.women like crying more than men
B.a person’S sex is a predictor of beneficial crying
C.crying does not necessarily make women feel better
D.women look pitiful while crying
65、What do scientists mean by saying that the science of crying is still in its infancy?
A.There is still more to learn about crying.
B.People have known a lot about crying.
C.The science of crying is a subject needed to be learned.
D.The study of crying meets difficulties.
Part IV Translation.(30minutes)
66、中国经济的高速发展，带来了消费文化的日益流行，同时也催生了一批具有高学历，充分享受资本主义消费模式的年轻人，他们习惯于当月工资当月花。
因而被称为“月光族”(the moonlight group)。“月光族”一词出现于20世纪90年代后期，是用来讽刺那些出身富裕、接受高等教育、充分享受快餐文化(fast food culture)的年轻人。2013年12月英语四级考试(改革题型)预测试卷(四)