历年六级阅读理解逐句翻译
一、
There is nothing like the suggestion of a cancer risk to scare a parent, especially one of the over-educated, eco-conscious type.
没有什么事情比有得癌症的迹象更让父母感到害怕的了，尤其对于受到过度教育、对生态环境敏感的那种人来说。
So you can imagine the reaction when a recent USA Today investigation of air quality around the nation’s schools singled out those in the smugly（自鸣得意的）green village of Berkeley, Calif., as being among the worst in the country.
所以当《今日美国》在近期公布的一份全国范围内的学校周边空气质量调查中，把加州伯克利的绿色环保小镇列为全国最差时，你可以想象到那些自鸣得意的人的反应。
The city’s public high school, as well as a number of daycare centers, preschools, elementary and middle schools, fell in the lowest 10%. Industrial pollution in our town had supposedly turned students into living science experi ments breathing in a laboratory’s worth of heavy metals like manganese, chromium and nickel each day.
该市的公立高中以及为数众多的日间看护中心、学前教育机构、小学和中学都在最差的10%之列。我们镇上的工业污染大概把学生置于活体科学实验之中，学生们以等值于实验室的剂量每天吸入锰、镉和镍等重金属。
This in a city that requires school cafeterias to serve organic meals. Great, I thought, organic lunch, toxic campus.
这发生在一个要求学校的餐厅提供有机饭菜的城市中。太伟大了，我想，有机午餐，有毒校园。
Since December, when the report came out, the mayor, neighborhood activists （活跃分子）and various parent-teacher associations have engaged in a fierce battle over its validity: over the guilt of the steel-casting factory on the western edge of town, over union jobs versus children’s health and over what, if anything, ought to be done.
自12月份报告公布以来，市长，社区活跃分子和各种家长---教师联合会都参与到一场关于报告的可信度的激烈斗争中：关于位于小镇西北角上的钢铁铸造厂的罪责、有关孩子们的健康VS工会职责，以及应该去做的事，如果还有事能做的话。
With all sides presenting their own experts armed with conflicting scientific studies, whom should parents believe?
每一方都有代表他们的专家，手头上的科学研究结果相互矛盾，父母究竟应该相信谁？
Is there truly a threat here, we asked one another as we dropped off our kids, and if so, how great is it?
我们在让孩子下车时会相互询问，这儿是不是真的存在危险？如果真有危险的话，有多大？ And how does it compare with the other, seemingly perpetual health scares we confront, like panic over lead in synthetic athletic fields?
和其他危险相比怎么样？比如像综合运动场上铅含量这样我们似乎要面临的永久性的健康恐慌。
Rather than just another weird episode in the town that brought you protesting environmentalists, this latest drama is a trial for how today’s parents perceive risk, how we try to keep our kids safe—whether it’s possible to keep them safe—in what feels like an increasingly threatening world. It raises the question of what, in our time, “safe” could even mean.
这不仅仅是发生在城镇中的又一个奇特事件，引来一群游行抗议的环保主义者，这场最新的闹剧是对现在的父母如何看待风险的试金石，我们如何在一个看起来日益危机四起的世界里尽量保证我们孩子的安全----无论能否保证他们的安全。这引起的问题是，在我们的时代“安全”究竟意味着什么。
“There’s no way around the uncertainty,” says Kimberly Thompson, president of Kid Risk, a nonprofit group that studies children’s health. “That means your choices can matter, but it al so means you aren’t going to know if they do.”“没有办法解决不确定的问题，”金伯利汤普森说，她是一个研究儿童健康问题的非盈利性组织“孩子的危险”的主席。“这意味着你的选择很重要，但这也意味着如果你的选择真的很重要的话，你也没有办法知道。”
A 2004 report in the journal Pediatrics explained that nervous parents have more to fear from fire, car accidents and drowning than from toxic chemical exposure.
一份2004年发表在学术期刊《儿科》上的报告解释了不安的父母们对火灾、车祸和溺水的恐慌要更甚于接触有毒化学物质。
To which I say: Well, obviously. But such concrete hazards are beside the point. 对此我认为：“嗯，很明显。但是这些具体的危险并非重点。
It’s the dangers parents can’t—and may never—quantify that occur all of sudden. That’s why I’ve rid my cupboard of microwave food packed in bags coated with a potential cancer-causing substance, but although I’ve lived blocks from a major fault line(地质断层) for more than 12 years, I still haven’t bolted our bookcases to the living room wall.
正式父母们不能----可能永远也不能-----量化危险会突然发生。这正是我已经把所有包装袋上涂有可能致癌物质的微波食品全部扔掉的原因，但是尽管我住在一个距离大地质断层几街区远的地方已经12年了，我仍然没把我们的书架固定在客厅的墙上。
二、
Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.
问题重重的医疗保障费用，急诊室前排起的长队，以及无法找到初级护理医生，这些仅是每天要面对的问题中的一部分。
Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system.
初级护理应该是所有医疗保障体系的支柱。
Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost.
有充足的初级护理资源的国家在健康水平和费用支出上都获得甚佳的评价。
The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.
美国却反其道而行之，注重专科医生而非初级护理医生。
A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries（老年医保受惠人）.
最近一项研究分析了负责治疗老年医保受惠人的医生。
The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors—two primary care physicians and five specialists—in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you don’t guarantee better care.
这项令人震惊的研究发现，老年医保受惠人平均每天要看七名医生----包括两名初级护理医生和五名专科医生。与公众的想法刚好相反，更多的医生给你看病并不能保证更好的医疗服务。
Actually, increas ing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.
实际上，医疗服务的日益分化导致的是费用的上升和误诊数量的增多。
How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service.
我们怎么会使初级护理如此严重地滑坡呢？关键是医生的收入。大部分医生的收入来源于他们所提供的医疗服务。
The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he’s reimbursed (返还费用).
医生做的越多，不管质量或结果如何，他获得的返还费用就越高。
Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures.
此外，医生的收入在很大程度上受到医疗或者外壳手术的影响。
A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient’s disease.
一名专科医生耗时30分钟进行某个手术，其收入要比比一名初级护理医生花同样多的时间去讨论一个病人病情的收入高3倍。
Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.
再加上政府每年都威胁要一视同仁地降低医疗返还费用，初级护理医生没有选择的余地，只好通过提升数量以增加收入。
Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.
对于拒绝牺牲质量的初级护理而言，要么被迫停业，要么就只从事能赚钱的业务，这使得初级护理的质量进一步下滑。
Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%.
医学院的学生对此并非一无所知。他们看到了费用返还体制是如何严重地弄虚作假，不利于初级护理。最近的数据表明，自1997年以来，美国医学院的毕业生选择初级护理作为职业的人数下降了50%。
This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.
这样的趋势导致急诊室里人满为患，挤满了那些无法找到普通医生的病人。
How do we fix this problem?
我们怎么解决这个问题。
It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally (最佳地) managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine.
首先需要改革医生费用返还体制。卸下初级护理医生每小时看更多病人的压力，对于优化病患管理和机遇病症用药给予奖励。
Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.
通过减免从事初级护理的医学院学生的学费贷款，使初级护理对医学院学生更有吸引力，消除去专科医生和初级护理医生薪水之间的巨大差异。
We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare.
我们对初级护理的需求从未像现在这样迫切过。在几年之内，第一波7600万婴儿潮一代将被纳入老年人医保。在未来的十年期间
Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.
年龄大于85岁的最需要长期看护的病人数量将会增加50%。
Who will be there to treat them?
到时谁去治疗他们？
There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into
college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. 在大学学费计算器里输入数据，然后对着网络吐出来的六位数倒抽一口气，很少有其他在线活动比这种活动更让人清醒了。
But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.
但是经济学家们认为，打算举债资助四年聚会和学习的家庭可以这样安慰自己：大学是不同于很多银行股票的投资，它应该产生巨额的红利。
A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the “labor-market premium to skill”—or the amount college graduates earne d that’s greater than what high-school graduate earned—decreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance (报复性地) s ince the 1980s.
两位哈佛经济学家在2008年进行的一项研究发现“劳动力市场对及恩那个的溢价现象”----换种说法就是大学毕业生的收入高于高中毕业生----在20世纪大部分的时间都有所下降，但是自从20世纪80年代出现了报复性的增长。
In 2005, The typical full-time year-round U.S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900, 62% more than the $31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma.
在2005年，典型的拥有四年大学学位的全职美国工人平均收入为50900美元，比高中文凭的工人的平均收入31500美元多了62%。
There’s no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesn’t come down merely to dollars and cents.
毫无疑问，上大学从经济上来说是明智的选择。但是学费奇怪的变化说明，选择上哪种大学并不只是金钱的问题。
Does going to Columbia Univers ity (tuition, room and board $49,260 in
2007-08) yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ($35,542)?
上哥伦比亚大学（学费，食宿费在2007年--2008年达到了49260美元）比起非当地学生报读科罗拉多大学博德尔分销（费用为35542美元）的回报率高40%吗？
Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student ($17,380) there? Not likely.
不太可能。一名报读科罗拉多大学博德尔分校的非当地学生的收入会是当地学生（费用为17380美元的两倍吗？不太可能。
No, in this consumerist age, most buyers aren’t evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer product—like a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider. 不，在消费主义的时代，大部分的买家不会把大学看做一种投资，而是一种消费品----就像汽车、衣服或住房一样。购买这些商品，价格仅是需要考虑的很多关键因素中的一个。
As with automobiles, consumers in today’s college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets.
正如汽车一样，在今天的大学市场，消费者有很多选择，人们在寻找复合预算条件的最舒适和满意的学校。
This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences (such as attending a private liberal-arts college or going to an out-of-state public school that has a great marine-biology program).
这解释了为什么人们愿意为不同的体验付出更高的费用（例如报读私立学校的文学院或者报读一家有很好的海洋生物学课程的外州公立大学）。
And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students (or, more accurately, their parents) often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products.
正如两名购车人会为完全不同的汽车付同样的价钱一样，大学生（或者更准确地说，他们的父母）经常愿意为完全不同的产品支付差不多的价钱。
So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car?
那这是哪一种？究竟大学是像股票一样的投资产品还是像汽车一样的消费品？
In keeping with the automotive world’s hottest consumer trend, maybe it’s best to characterize it as a hybrid (混合动力汽车); an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.
为了追上汽车最炙手可热的消费者趋势，或许最好是把大学看做混合动力汽车；一种消费品，但随着时间的流逝，会带来丰厚的回报。
For hundreds of millions of years, turtles (海龟) have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings (幼龟) down to the water’s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead.
在数亿年前的时间里，海龟一直在挣扎着离开大海道海滩上产卵，时间远远遭遇自然纪录片的赞扬，或全球定位通讯卫星和海洋生物学家的追踪，又或者志愿者们用手把幼龟放在海边以避免它们受到光线的影响迷失方向，爬向汽车旅馆的停车场。
A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines.
由官方建造的大型围墙用于保护海龟在大西洋沿岸的主要筑巢地。
With all that attention paid to them, you’d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.
收到了各种各样的关注后，你可能会认为这些生物至少会心怀感激，不至于走向灭亡。But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds.
但是自然却无视人类的公平观念，由渔业和野生动物服务组织提供的用一份报告显示，北大西洋的数种海龟的种群数量出现了令人担忧的下降，特别是体重可达400磅的红海龟。
The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana.
来自环保组织的Ocean的海洋生物学家伊丽莎白格里芬称，数量最多的佛罗里达州南部穴居种群在过去十年里减少了50%。
The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened” to “endangered”—meaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help.
该数据促使Oceana组织向政府情愿，要求将北大西洋红海龟的保护级别从“受威胁”提升至“濒危”-----这意味着如果没有外界的帮助，它们将会面临灭绝的危险。
Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway?
这就提出了一个明显的问题：这些海龟究竟还要我们做什么？
It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land (as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have neglected the years spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,” says Griffin.
根据格里芬的说法，虽然海龟在陆上的数周时间内，我们可以很好地保护它们（包括产卵的母龟，卵和幼龟），但是我们忽略了它们在海里的漫长时光。“主要是来自商业捕捞的威胁”格里芬说。
Trawlers (which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor) and longline fishers (which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles) take a heavy toll on turtles.
拖网渔船（在水中和海床拖行大型的渔网）和延绳钓鱼船（在钓线上装备数以千记的鱼钩，可以延伸至数英里）给海龟造成了惨重的伤亡。
Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems.
当然，就像所有当下的环保问题一样，这也是在全球变暖和人类干预自然生态系统的背景下发生的。
The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm.
海龟产卵的狭窄沙滩一方面收到开发的压榨，另一方面收到海洋变暖导致的海平面上升的威胁。
Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs (恐龙) will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.
最终我们还要解决这些问题，否则一种比恐龙活得更久的生物将会在人类手中灭绝，让我们的后代困惑于怎么这种丑陋的生物会赢得如此多的关爱。
The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United States has been creeping upward for years.
美国移民的比例（包括非法移民）连续数年呈增长趋势.
At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid 1920s.
现已达到12.6%，比20世纪20年代中期以来的任何时候都要高。
We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America’s bloodstream.
我们不是要回到国会公开表示担忧等民族污染美国血统的时代。
But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of newcomers.
但是我们再一次想知道美国是否有太多不适合的新移民。
Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.
其中声势最大的批评认为新的移民浪潮并不能像前面数代人一样真正融入，实际上他们也并不想这么做。
We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became
exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation.
现在我们知道这些种族主义的观点都是错的。曾经，意大利人、罗马尼亚人以及其他所谓的“低等民族”成为美国人的楷模，并且通过不胜枚举的方
式为这个美妙国度的建设做出了伟大的贡献。
There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success. 说这些新移民不能取得同样的成功毫无根据。
Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents, UCLA
sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue.
尽管墨西哥移民的孩子在教育和职业成就领域比起他们的父母表现更佳，加州大学洛杉矶分校的社会学家爱德华-特列斯发现这种成就感并没有持续
性。
Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a
similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants.
事实上，第四代要比第三代稍差一点。密歇根大学的詹姆斯-杰克逊在加勒比黑人移民中也发现了相似的趋势。
Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks—that large parts of the community
may become mired (陷入) in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement.
特列斯担心墨西哥裔美国人可能注定会步美国黑人的后尘---社区中的大部分人将陷入贫穷和毫无建树的状态。
Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to (降入) segregated, substandard school, and their dropout
rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.
像非裔美国人一样，墨西哥裔美国人日益降入实行种族隔离政策、低标准的学校，他们的退学率在整个国家的所有民族中是最高的。
We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of ethnic/racial inferiority.
我们已经认识到在民族、种族低劣的前提下去排斥他们是多么愚蠢。
But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all.
但是我们仍然不知道如何使美国化的过程适合所有的人。
I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own.
我并不是说要求所有的人都学习英语或者采取美国的方式；这些事情自然而然就会发生。But as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader questions about assimilation,
about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.
但是随着关于移民的争论使总统大选白热化，我们也应该提出关于融合，关于如何确保曾经的外来人口无需永远在国内边缘化等更广泛的问题。
That is a much larger question that what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one
that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations.
这是比无证工人的遭遇或者如何包围边境安全更重要的问题。这个问题不仅影响了新移民，而且也影响到了已经在这里时代生活的群体。
It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest wave of would-be Americans.
And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.
与现在我们队即将涌入的准美国人设定“准入点”相比，它将对我们的未来产生更大的影响。当然如果最终可以找到正确答案就太好了。
Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use.
可持续发展适用于诸如能源，净水，经济增长等几乎所有的方面，因此，要对可持续发展的基本假设或其概念的实施方法提出质疑也变得日益困难。
This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.
这在农业方面尤其显著，可持续发展经常被认为是农业进步的唯一标准，而这并没有从历史和文化的角度进行适当的评估。
To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so .medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today.
首先，重要的是认识到农业的本质随着历史的发展已经发生了显著的变化，并且这种变化仍将持续。中世纪北欧的农业为以农业为主导的社会提供了衣食和住所，而当时的人口密度远低于现在。
It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized.
那是的农业对生物多样性的影响有限，产生的任何污染通常都是地方性的。
In terms of energy use and the nutrients（营养成分）captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.
当时的农业在能源利用以及农产品的营养成分方面是相对低效的。
Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution.
对比一下工业革命开始以后出现的农场化。
Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields.
来自国外的竞争促使农民专业化并且提高产量。
Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable.
在这个时期，食品价格下降，安全性和可靠性都有所提高。
However, these changes have also led to habitat（栖息地）loss and to diminishing biodiversity.
但是，这些变化也是导致了栖息地的流失和生物多样性的减少。
What’s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050.yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.
此外，发展中国家队畜产品的需求增长如此迅速，以至于在2050年之前每年需要额外收货3亿吨谷物才能满足该需求。但是城市和工业的发展导致在很多地区农业可利用的水资源越来越少。
All this means that agriculture in the 21stcentury will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th.
所有这些都意味着21世纪的农业将非常不同于20世纪的农业。
This will require radical thinking.
这需要激进的思考方式。
For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones.
例如，我们需要摒弃传统生产比新型生产注定更有利于可持续发展的方法，而这些方法的核心在于需要在保持生产的同时避免产生更多的破坏。
We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”.
我们同样需要抛弃农业可以“零污染”的观念。
The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures o f sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.
关键在于放弃相对简单和静态的衡量可持续发展性的方法，而这些方法的核心在于需要在保持生产的同时避免产生更多的破坏。
Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons（正反两方面）of all the various way land is used.
取而代之的是更加动态的解释，可以兼顾到种种土地使用方式的正反两面。
There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity.
除了粮食产量以外，还有很多不同的方式可以衡量农业的效益；能源利用，环境成本，水源纯净程度，碳排放和生物多样性。
It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting.
例如，显然把番茄从西班牙运到英国的碳排放量要少于在英国用额外的供暖和照明设备种植番茄。
But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.
但是我们不知道降低碳排放量是否总是对生物多样性是有益的。
What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.
关键是要意识到农业可持续的发展并不仅仅是关于可持续的食物生产。
In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fights.
在大学入学的战役中，我们这些家长都是真正的战士。
We are pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice.
我们督促自己的孩子取得更好的成绩，参加权门学科评鉴考试（SAT）预备课程和填写简历，以便他们能进入第一志愿的大学。
I’ve twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening.
我已参加过两次这场战役，我在这战场上存活了下来，不同的情况总是在发生。
We see our kids’ college background as e prize demonstrating how well we’ve raised them.
我们把自己孩子的大学牌子是视为我们培养他们好坏程度的奖赏。
But we can’t acknowledge that our obsession(痴迷) is more about us than them. 但我们不能理解的是我们的痴迷是为了自己还是孩子。
So we’ve contrived various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths.
所以我们发明了很多自认为有理的辩护，这些辩护成了半真半假的陈词、偏见和荒诞的说法。It actually doesn’t matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford.
事实上，阿伦和尼克尔是否进入斯坦福大学并不是真的那么重要。
We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there won’t be enough prizes to go around.
我们有着充足的威望恐慌症；我们担心未来没有足够的荣誉去炫耀。
Fearful parents urge their children to apply to more schools than ever.
满怀担忧的父母督促他们的孩子申请比以往多得多的学校。
Underlying the hysteria(歇斯底里) is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable.
这歇斯底里的关键是他们相信少数精英学位肯定有着更高的价值。
Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts.
他们毕业后肯定能获得更多的成功，因为他们受到更优质的教育，发展了更优良的交际圈。 All that is plausible——and mostly wrong. We haven’t found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters.
这些说法都似是而非-----而大多数是错误的。我们还没有找到任何可信证据表明选择或威望的重要性。
Selective schools don’t systematically employ better instructional approaches than less selective schools.
重点学校不会比非重点学校系统地使用更好地教育方法。
On two measures——professors’ feedback and the number of essay exams——selective schools do slightly worse.
在以下两方面----教授的反馈和写作考试的数量----重点学校做得稍差。
By some studies, selective schools do enhance their graduates’ lifetime earnings.一些研究表明，重点学校的确增加了其毕业生的终生收入。
The gain is reckoned at 2-4% for every 100-poinnt increase in a school’s average SAT scores.
一所学校的平均SAT分数增加100分，这一财产就会增加2%--4%.
But even this advantage is probably a statistical fluke(偶然).
但这种优势也可能只是统计学上的偶然。
A well-known study examined students who got into highly selective schools and then went elsewhere.
一项著名的研究考察了进入重点学校的学生和他们毕业后的去向。
They earned just as much as graduates from higher-status schools.
他们的收入和高级学校的学生一样。
Kids count more than their colleges.
孩子自身的作用远远高于学校的作用。
Getting into yale may signify intellgence,talent and ambition.
进入耶鲁大学标志着聪明过人、才华横溢和雄心勃勃。
But it’s not the only indicator and,paradoxically,its significance is declining.
但这并非是唯一的标志，而且讽刺的是，这种标志性正在逐渐淡化。
The reason:so many similar people go elsewhere.Getting into college is not life only competiton.
原因是大量有同样才气的人到别的地方去了。进入大学并非人生唯一的竞赛。
Old-boy networks are breaking down.princeton economist Alan Krueger studied admissions to one top Ph.D.program.High scores on the GRE helpd explain who got in;degrees of prestigious universities didn’t.
在另一项竞赛中----职场和研究所----结果可能会改变。校友关系开始瓦解。普林斯顿经济学家艾伦昆格研究了一项顶尖博士项目的录取工作。美国研究生入学考试（GRE）的高分有助于解释谁能入选；而学校的名气则不能。
So,parents,lighten up.the stakes have been vastly exaggerated.up to a point,we can rationalize our pushiness.
因此，家长们，清醒一下。事实已被嫉妒夸大。
America is a competitive society;our kids need to adjust to that.but too much pushiness can be destructive.
在某一方面，我们可以解释这种狂热。美国是个竞争性的社会；我们的孩子需要为其而调整。但太多的一意孤行是毁灭性的。
The very ambition we impose on our children may get some into Harvard but may also set them up for disappointment.
我们在孩子身上寄托的野心可能引领着部分孩子进入哈佛大学，但也可能使他们失望。One study found that,other things being equal,graduates of highly selective schools experienced more job dissatisfaction.
一项研究发现，从重点学校毕业不易获得工作上的满足感。他们对自己的要求过高。
They may have been so conditioned to deing on top that anything less disappoints.
一旦达不到这种高要求，就会感到失望。
Imagine waking up and finding the value of your assets has been halved.
想象你一觉醒来，发现自己的资产减半。
No, you’re not an investor in one of those hedge funds that failed completely.不，你并不是其中一支彻底失败的基金的投资者。
With the dollar slumping to a 26-year low against the pound, already-expensive London has become quite unaffordable.
随着美元兑英镑跌至26年来的最低值，物价本就偏高的伦敦变得更让人难以承受。
A coffee at Starbucks, just as unavoidable in England as it is in the United States, runs about $8.
一杯星巴克的咖啡在英国不得不买到8美元，同在美国如出一辙。
The once all-powerful dollar isn’t doi ng a Titanic against just the pound.
无所不能的美元在兑换英镑时，不再是庞然大物。
It is sitting at a record low against the euro and at a 30-year low against the Canadian dollar.
美元兑欧元的汇率创下新低，并在与加元的汇兑中处于30年来的最低值。
Even the Argentine peso and Brazilian real are thriving against the dollar.
就连阿根廷闭锁和巴西雷亚尔都比美元有活力。
The weak dollar is a source of humiliation, for a nation’s self-esteem rests in part on the strength of its currency.
疲软的美元带来了屈辱，因为一个国家的尊严部分来源于本国货币的强度。
It’s also a potential economic problem, since a declining dollar mak es imported food more expensive and exerts upward pressure on interest rates.
这也是一个潜在的经济问题，因为编制的美元使得进口食品价格上扬，并施加加息的压力。And yet there are substantial sectors of the vast U.S. economy-from giant companies like Coca-Cola to mom-and-pop restaurant operators in Miami-for which the weak dollar is most excellent news.
但对于庞大美国经济体中大量的产业部门-----从可口可乐这样的大公司到迈阿密的夫妻餐厅经营者----美元疲软的消息对他们来说可是再好不过了。
Many Europeans may view the U.S. as an arrogant superpower that has become hostile to foreigners.
一些欧洲人视美国为一个傲慢的超级大国，并且认为美国对外国人怀有敌意。
But nothing makes people think more warmly of the U.S. than a weak dollar. 但当人们想起美国时，没有什么比疲软的美元更带劲的了。
Through April, the total number of visitors from abroadwas up 6.8 percent from last year. Should the trend continue, the number of tourists this year will finally top the 2000 peak.
整个4月的游客总数比去年同期增加了6.8%，如果这种趋势延续下去，今天游客的人数将最终比2000年的峰值还多。
Many Europeans now apparently view the U.S. the way many Americans view Mexico-as a cheap place to vacation, shop and party, all while ignoring the fact that the po orer locals can’t afford to join the merrymaking.
一些欧洲人现在看待美国的方式恰似美国人看待墨西哥一样-----一个廉价的度假、购物和举行派对的场所，他们都忽略了那些更贫穷的本土居民不能承担这种寻欢作乐的费用。The money tourists spend helps decrease our chronic trade deficit. So do exports, which thanks in part to the weak dollar, soared 11 percent between May 2006 and May 2007. For first five months of 2007, the trade deficit actually fell 7 percent from 2006.
游客的消费帮助减缓了我们长期以来的贸易赤字。出口也是如此，部分由于疲软的美国，2006年5月----2007年5月的出口额飙升了11%。与2006年相比，2007年前5个月的贸易赤字居然下降了7%。
If you own shares in larg e American corporations, you’re a winner in the
weak-dollar gamble.
如果你持有美国大公司的股票，那么你会是疲软美元投机中的赢家。
Last week Coca-Cola’s stick bubbled to a five-year high after it reported a fantastic quarter.
上周可口可乐发布了令人振奋的一季数据后，其股价攀升至五年来的新高。
Foreign sales accounted fo r 65 percent of Coke’s beverage business.
Other American companies profiting from this trend include McDonald’s and IBM.海外销售占据可口可乐65%的饮料业务。
其他美国企业，包括麦当劳和IBM在这种趋势下也赢得了利润。
American tourists, however, shouldn’t expect any relief soon.
然而，美国游客不应该期望任何迅速的改善。
The dollar lost strength the way many marriaqe:break up- slowly, and then all at once.
美元疲软的过程就如同婚姻破裂的过程----都是缓慢的，然后才是快速的。
And currencies don’t turn on a dime.
货币不会立即升值。
So if you want to avoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar, cancel that summer vacation to England and look to New England.
因此如果你想避免不断惨淡的美元带来的痛苦，那就取消去英格兰的暑期度假计划，该去新英格兰州吧。
There, the dollar is still treated with a little respect.
在那儿，美元还是有点尊严的。
What’s hot for 2007 among the very rich? A S7.3 million diamond ring. A t rip to Tanzania to hunt wild animals. Oh. and income inequality.
2007年，对于富豪来说什么事最热门的？价值730万美元的钻戒。去坦桑尼亚狩猎。噢，还有收入不均衡。
Sure, some leftish billionaires like George Soros have been railing against income inequality for years.
当然左翼百万符文乔治-索罗斯多年以来一直反对收入不均衡。
But increasingly, centrist and right-wing billionaires are starting to worry about income inequality and the fate of the middle class.
但是越来越多的中间派和右翼亿万富翁都开始担心收入不均衡和中产阶级的命运了。
In December. Mortimer Zuckerman wrote a column in U.S News & World Report, which he owns.
在12月，莫蒂默-朱克曼在他旗下的《美国新闻和世界报道》上写上了一篇专栏文章。“Our nation’s core bargain with the middle class is disintegrating,” lamented (哀叹) the 117th-richest man in America. “Most of our economic gains have gone to people at the very top of the income ladder.
“我们国家的中产阶级的核心竞争力正在瓦解，”这位在美国排名第117位的富豪这样哀叹。“我们大部分的经济效益都归于收入阶梯最上层的人了。
Average income for a household of people of working age, by contrast, has fallen five years in a row.” He noted that “Tens of millions of Americans live in fear that a major health problem can reduc e them to bankruptcy.”
相比之下，工薪阶层的平均收入却连续五年下降。”他注意到“数以千万计的美国人害怕一个重要的健康问题就会导致他们破产。”
Wilbur Ross Jr. has echoed Zuckerman’s anger over the bitter struggles faced by middle-class
Americans.
小威尔伯-罗斯回应了朱克曼杜宇美国中产阶级的痛苦挣扎感到的愤怒。
“It’s an outrage that any American’s life expectancy should be shortened simply because the company they worked for went bankrupt and ended health-care coverage,” said the former chairman of the International Steel Group.
“这应该让我们愤怒，所有美国人的平均寿命都被缩短了，仅仅是因为他们所供职的公司破产了，健康保险被终止了”这位国际钢铁集团的前任主席说。
Wh at’s happening? The very rich are just as trendy as you and I, and can be so when it comes to politics and policy.
发生了什么？巨富们当谈到政治和政策的时候就像你我一样适应潮流。
Given the recent change of control in Congress, popularity of measures like increasing the minimum wage, and efforts by California’ governor to offer universal health care, these guys don’t need their own personal weathermen to know which way the wind blows.
只要看一下国会最近的全力变更，像提高最低工资等政策的受欢迎程度，以及加州州长所致力于的全民保健项目，这些人不需要私人天气预报员就可以知道风向如何了”
It’s possible that plutocrats(有钱有势的人) are expressing solidarity with the struggling middle class as part of an effort to insulate themselves from
confiscatory (没收性的) tax policies.
这群有钱有势的人可能是通过表达对中产阶级的挣扎的同情，进而逃避没收性税务政策。But the prospect that income inequality will lead to higher taxes on the wealthy doesn’t keep plutocrats up at night. They can live with that.
但是收入不均衡会导致对富人征收更多税款的期望并不会让有钱有势的人晚上难以入眠。他们承受得了。
No, what they fear was that the political challenges of sustaining support for global economic integration will be more difficult in the United States because of what has happened to the distribution of income and economic insecurity.
不，他们真正害怕的是由于在收入分配和经济安全方面出现的问题，美国持续支持全球经济一体化所带来的政治挑战。
In other words, if middle-class Americans continue to struggle financially as the ultrawealthy grow ever wealthier, it will be increasingly difficult to maintain political support for the free flow of goods, services, and capital across borders. 换句话说，如果美国的中产阶级持续在财政上陷入困境，同时巨富们变得越来越富有，那么要获得政治上持续支持产品、服务和资金的跨国性自由流动将会日益困难。
And when the United States places obstacles in the way of foreign investors and foreign goods, it’s likely to encourage reciprocal action abroad.
当美国对其他国家的投资者和商品设置障碍时，也在刺激其他国家采取相应的措施。
For people who buy and sell companies, or who allocate capital to markets all around the world, that’s the real nightmare.
对于在全球买卖公司或调动资金的人来说，这才是真正的噩梦。
Amitai Etzioni is not surprised by the latest headings about scheming corporate crooks (骗子).
Amitai Etzioni并没有对最新的关于行骗团伙的阴谋的报纸标题感到惊奇。
As a visiting professor at the Harvard Business School in 1989, he ended his work there disgusted with his students’ overwhelming lost for money.
作为1989年哈佛大学商学院的访问学者，他在结束工作时对于他的学生对金钱的绝大欲望感到厌恶。
“They’re taught that profit is all that matters,” he says. “Many schools don’t even offer ethics (伦理学) courses at all.”
“他们被教育金钱就是一切。他说,“很对学校甚至不提供任何伦理学的课程。”
Etzioni expressed his frustration about the interests of his graduate students. Etzioni说他对他的研究生们的兴趣所在感到沮丧。
“By and large, I clearly had not found a way to help classes full of MBAs see that there is more to life than money, power, fame and self-interest.”
He wrote at the time. Today he still takes the blame for not educating these “business-leaders-to-be.” “I really like I failed them,” he says. “If I was a better teacher maybe I could have reach ed them.”“很长时间，很明显我找不到一个方法让一个MBA班的学员认识生活不但是金钱，全力，名声和私立”他那时候写道。现在她仍然自责当初没有好好教导这群“未来的商业领袖”“我真的觉得我让他们失望了”他说：“如果我当初是个更好的老师，或许就能够影响他们”
Etzioni was a respected ethics expert when he arrived at Harvard.
初到哈佛的时候，Etzioni是一位受人尊敬的伦理学专家。
He hoped his work at the university would give him insight into how questions of morality could be applied to places where self-interest flourished.
他希望他在哈佛的工作可以帮他弄明白如何让道德问题应用于充满私立的地方。
What he found wasn’t encouraging.
他的研究结果很难让人兴奋。
Those would be executives had, says Etzioni, little interest in concepts of ethics and morality in the boardroom—and their professor was met with blank stares when he urged his students to see business in new and different ways.
Etzioni说，那些未来的经理们对于董事会里的伦理和道德概念没有什么兴趣------当他尝试促使他的学生用一种新的，不同的方式看待商业的时候，教授看到的是空洞的眼神。
Etzioni sees the experience at Harvard as an eye-opening one and says there’s much about business schools that he’d like to change.
Etzioni把在哈佛的经历看作开了一次眼界，并称他觉得商学院需要作出很多改变。
“A lot of the faculty teaching business are bad news themselves,” Etzioni says. From offering classes that teach students how to legally manipulate contracts, to reinforcing the notion of profit over community interests, Etzioni has seen a lot that’s left him shaking his head.
“很多教商业的教职人员本身就是坏消息”Etzioni说。从提供教授学生如何合法操作合同，到强化利润高于公众利益的观念。Etzioni看到了很多让他摇头叹息的事情。
大学英语六级翻译练习题 Translation One (5minutes) Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets. 72. From what you would get angry with you friends, we can conclude you still ( 在意他的友情). 73. Man might think that few women fit him before his marriage, and ( 结婚后觉得适合自己的女人很多). 74. Among thousands of people ,you meet those you've met. Through thousands of years, with the boundlessness of time ( 没有早一步, 也没有晚一步, 刚巧赶上了). 75. Everyone has his inherent ability which is easily . ( 被习惯所掩盖, 被时间所迷离, 被惰性所消磨). 76. While our dream is confronted with the reality ,you always feel painful. Just trample on the pain, ( 要么你把痛苦踩在脚下). Translation Two (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets. 72.Scientists will have to _________________________________________________(提出增 加世界粮食供应的新方法). 73.The medicine _____________________________________________________(治愈了那 个老妇人的慢性咳嗽) which she had suffered 20 years. 74.Sometimes I fight for Mom and sometimes I fight for Dad, but I wish ________________________________________________________ (他们能让我从中完全解脱出来). 75.Many people believe that our species ___________________________________________ (有朝一日会濒临灭绝). 76.The doctor said that __________________________________________________ (保持饮 食均衡很重要). Translation Three ( five minutes) 72. He did very well in his exams , _________________________(考虑到他学的很少). 73. Beijing has announced that _________________________(在任何请光下，中国将不首先使
2020年6月英语六级考试翻译真题及答案2020年6月英语六级考试翻译真题及答案 Directions：Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 中国园林(the Chinese garden)是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观(landscape)。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山(rockwork)、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们能够看到一系列精心设计的景现犹如山水画卷(scroll)一般体现在面前。 参考答案 The Chinese garden has become a landscape of unique style after an evolution for more than 3000 years. It includes not only the large gardens built as entertainment venues for the royal family, but also the private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials. These gardens have constituted a miniature designed to express the harmonious relationship between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls, and in the garden there are ponds, rockwork, trees, flowers and all kinds of buildings linked by winding trails and corridors. Wandering in the gardens, people may feel that a
2017年12月英语四六级翻译真题 英语四级翻译真题：泰山 泰山位于山东省西部。海拔1500余米，方圆约400平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观，而且是一座历史文化名山，过去3000多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。据记载，共有72位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感，写诗作文，艺术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹。泰山如今已成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。 英语四级翻译真题：华山 华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分。秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同。华山过去很少有人光临。因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿的人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多药草，特别是一些稀有的药草。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。 英语四级翻译真题：黄山 黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，就得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生长，是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。 英语六级翻译真题：青海湖 青海湖位于海拔3205米、青海省省会西宁以西约100公里处。是中国最大的咸水湖，面积4317平方公里，最深处25.5米，有23条河注入湖中，其中大部分是季节性的。百分之八十的湖水源于五条主要河流。青海湖位于跨越亚洲的几条候鸟迁徙路线的交叉处。许多鸟类把青海湖作为迁徙过程中的暂息地，湖的西侧是著名的“鸟岛”，吸引着来自世界各地的观鸟者。每年夏天，游客们也来这里观看国际自行车比赛。 英语六级翻译真题：洞庭湖 洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，面积很大，但湖水很浅。洞庭湖是长江的蓄洪池，湖的大小很大程度上取决于季节变化，湖北和湖南两省因其与湖的相对位置而得名，湖北意为“湖的北边”，而湖南则为“湖的南边”。洞庭湖作为龙舟赛的发源地，在中国文化中享有盛名。据说龙舟赛始于洞庭湖东岸。为的是搜寻楚国爱国诗人屈原的遗体。龙舟赛与洞庭湖及周边的美景，每年都吸引着成千上万来自全国和世界各地的游客。 英语六级翻译真题：太湖 太湖是中国东部的一个淡水湖，占地面积2250平方公里，是中国第三大淡水湖，仅次于鄱阳和洞庭，太湖约有90个岛屿，大小从几平方米到几平方公里不等。太湖以其独特的“太湖石”而闻名，太湖石常用于装饰中国传统园林。太湖也以高产的捕鱼业而闻名。自上世纪70年代后期以来，捕捞鱼蟹对沿湖的
2012年六月翻译题及答案 82. ___________________ （他们的独生儿子从未想过）to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twe nties 。答案：Their only son has n ever thought 83. Before you take any acti on, please remember to ______________ （权衡你的决定会产生的后果） 答案：weigh your decision against its possible consequences。 84. He assured his friend that un der no circumsta nces ________________ （他会违背还钱的承诺） 答案：would he break/breach his promise/commitme nt to pay back the money。 85. Most educators advise that kids ______________________ （不 要沉溺于电脑游戏）。 答案：should not be addicted to computer games. / should not in dulge themselves in computer games / should not aba ndon themselves to computer games 。 86. Busin ess major as he is, he has ___________________ （从 未考虑过从事推销员的工作）。 答案：never considered working as a salesman 。
2020年6月大学英语六级翻译真题及答案2020年6月大学英语六级翻译真题及答案 In China, variety of foods and dishes is needed in traditional ways of entertaining guests and makes them impossible to finish the dinner. Typical menus of Chinese banquetinclude cold dishes to start and the following hot ones. For example，meat, chicken, duck and vegetables. In most banquets, a whole fish dish is considered indispensable, unless various kinds of seafood have been served. Nowadays, Chinese people tend to mix Western specials with traditional Chinese cuisine. Thus, steak is not rare. Traditionally，although the Chinese do not eat any of theuncooked dishes，salads have also become popular. The banquet usually has at leasta bowl of soup that can be offered as the first or the final dish. Desserts and fruits usually mean the end of the feast. 城市化 2020年是中国城市化进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来20年里，预计约有3.5亿农村人口将移居到城市。如此规模的城市发张对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发张理念。强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就能够更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。 2020 was a historic moment in the process of urbanization in China as its population exceeded the rural population for the first time. In the next 20 years, about 350 million rural
2012.12多卷 82. The new movie we are going to see this evening _____（据说是基于一次真实事件）. ?Is said to be based on an actual event/ a true story 83. Sometimes the coupon attached to a product may _____( 分散顾客对其质量的注意力). ?Distract the customer’s attention to its quality 84. If we had left half an hour earlier, we _____(或许就不会为交通阻塞所耽搁). ?Might not have been delayed by the traffic jam 85.Nancy refused the assistance provided, for she objected _____ (被当成残疾人看待). ?To being treated as the disabled 86. Hard ______ (他们虽然尽了力), their first attempt at a solution was unsuccessful. ?As/though they tried 2012.12 82. _____(不管中国变得多么强大), it will constitute no threat to any other country. ?No matter how strong China becomes ?However strong China becomes 83. Success in life does not depend so much on one’s school records ____(而是靠其勤奋和坚持)。 ?As on one’s diligence/ hard work and persistence/ perseverance 84. _______(他们要是此刻在这儿就好了), we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary. ?If only they were here now/ at this moment 85. In recent years, with his business booming, he _____（给慈善事业捐了大笔的钱）. ?He has donated a large/big sum of money to charity 86. Without the atmosphere, we ______(将被迫寻找躲避太阳的藏身处), as there would be nothing to protect us from its deadly rays. ?Would be forced to seek/look frshelter from the sun. 2012年6月 82. I think the meal is well _____________________ (没有折扣的情况下值80美元). ?Worth 80 dollars without a discount 83. ______________(面对来自其他公司的激烈竞争), the automobile manufacturer is considering launching a promotion campaign. ?Confronted with the fierce competition from other companies ?Facing the intense competition from other companies 84. As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister ____(几乎没有什么共同之处)。 ?Hardly have anything in common
六级翻译 helj 2011/4/12 令狐采学 10/12) 82.There is no denying that you __________________________________ (越仔细越好) in dealing with this matter. 83.Only when I reached my thirties _____________________________(我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的). 84. Much _________________________________(使研究人员感到惊讶), the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected. 85. Oh, my, I can’t find my key; ______________________________(我一定是把它忘在哪儿了). 86. I ____________________________________________ (宁愿加入你们去做义工) than go to the beach for a holiday. (10\06) 82.___(他们的独生儿子从未想过) to leavethem and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties. 83.Before you take any action, please remember to ___ (权衡你的决
定会产生的后果).84. He assured his friend that under no circumstances ___ (他会违背还钱的承诺).85. Most educators advise that kids ___ (不要沉溺于电脑游戏).86. Business major as he is, he has ___ (从未考虑过从事推销员工作). (09\12 ) 82. How long does a jacket like this last me? — (这要看你多长时间穿一次). 83. The theory he advanced has proved (对许多传统概念的一种挑战). 84. The manager (本可以亲自参加会议), but he was called away for some urgent business abroad. 85. Both research and practical experience have shown that a (均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的). 86. Much (我感到遗憾), I was unable to finish the work on time. (09/06) 82.With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk ________ (说服他不买车). 83.________ (保持幽默有助于) reduce stress and promote creative thinking in today’s competitive society.. 84.When confronted with the evidence, ________ (他不得不坦白
2010 年6 月六级真题 Passage One 发达国家中只有两个国家不能保证提供用于照料新生儿的带薪休假。去年春天，这两个国家中的一个——澳大利亚——放弃了这种令人质疑的殊荣，建立了自2011 年起开始实施的带薪家庭休假制。在美国这并没有成为新闻，我并不感到意外——现在我们是唯一没有这项政策的富有国家。 美国确实有一个明确的家庭政策，这就是于1993 年通过的《家庭和医疗休假法》。它规定要照料新生儿或处理家庭医疗问题的工人有资格享受时间长达12 个星期的不带薪休假。尽管此法案带来的利益不明显，但当时商务部和其他一些商业团体都极力反对，称其为“政府负责的人事管理”和“危险的先例”。事实上，民主党领袖一直都致力于将能促进工作与家庭关系平衡的措施形成法律条文，但每一次的努力都遭到了商业团体的强烈反对。 正如耶鲁大学法学教授Anne Alstott 所辩解的那样，要肯定父母关爱的作用就要将家庭定义为一种社会商品，从某种意义上讲，社会要为此埋单。在她的书《无路可走：父母对孩子的亏欠以及社会对家长的亏欠》中，她认为父母在生活的多个方面都肩负重担：在谈到孩子的话题时，父母们“无路可走”：“社会希望也需要家长们能不间断地照看好他们的孩子，而且是人类用以开发智力、培养情感和树立道德的那种深度的、亲密无间的照看。社会还希望并需要父母们能坚守这一角色，18 年如一日，如有必要，甚至还可以更长。” 大部分父母出于爱都会照顾孩子，不照顾孩子的父母则会受到公众的处罚。换句话说，父母们所做的一切都是这个国家所密切关注的问题，原因很明显，照顾孩子不仅从道德上来说是迫切的而且对这个社会的未来至关重要。国家在大多数保障儿童福利的家庭法律中都认可了这一点，而父母们在履行社会所强加给他们的、会改变其命运的义务时得到的帮助却甚少。把养育孩子视为个人选择、集体没有责任的做法不仅仅忽视了良好家庭教育所产生的社会效益，而且会抹杀这部分社会效益，因为当今天的孩子成为明天的具有生产力的公民时这部分社会效益会属于整个社会。实际上，据估计父母对孩子投入的价值，包括时间和金钱的投入（包括失去的薪水）相当于国内生产总值的20%—30%。如果这些投入能够产生巨大的社会效益——很明显能产生——那么为家庭提供更多的社会支持所带来的效益将会更加显而易见。 Passage Two 塔夫茨大学公民学习和参与信息研究中心(CIRCLE)一份新的调查显示，现在有比以前更多的年轻人参与投票选举，美国发展中心2008 年的一份调查也表明越来越多的年轻选民和活动家开始支持传统的自由事业。但要看出这些调查数字在现实生活中的意义并非易事。在总统竞选期间，巴拉克·奥巴马以希望和改变为宣传口号组成了不同种族之间和不同意识形态之间人们的联盟。当新一届政府执政下的现实生活步入正轨的时候，有些支持者可能会大失所望。随着国家进一步走入奥巴马执政时代，参与政治的年轻人是会继续支持奥巴马及其施政议程还是会渐行渐远？ “O（奥巴马的简称）一代”是《新闻周刊》新开的一个博客，致力于记录那些支持奥巴马的年轻人的生活。“O 一代”的作者们想就上面的问题做出回答。未来的三个月，Michelle Kremer 和其他11 位年龄从19 岁到34 岁不等的奥巴马支持者将会用博客来记录美国社会的主流生活，一个不同之处在于：通过将他们所有的观点和经历与新任总统及其领导下的政府紧密结合，这些博客作者试图开启一场对话，探讨在当今美国，年轻并且在政治方面活跃到底意味着什么。24 岁的Malena Amusa 是该博客的一位作者，也是来自圣路易斯的一位舞者，她将这一项目看做是即时记录历史的一种方式。Amusa 今年春天为了完成其著作前往印度，后来又去塞内加尔教授英语，她和她的朋友一直在谈论奥巴马当政会如何改变他们的日常生活，她希望把其中的一些观点和她的全球性视角写到帖子里。她很兴奋，要看清楚世界，“我不必等上15 年”，她这样解释说。 Henry Flores 是圣玛丽大学的政治学教授，他将年轻一代的政治力量归因于他们对科技的拥护。“网络使他们接触到更多的思想，”他说，“不同地区想法相同的人们就会聚到一起。”这正是“O 一代”博主们所期待的事情。结果可能会出现一群年轻人，就像他们在二战后生育高峰期出生的父母一样，伴随一种强烈的目的感而成长，他们也会改变此前从“X 一代”人身上所继承下来的冷漠形象。由一群普通但有抱负的年轻人来管理博客是个不小的挑战，但“O 一代”的成员能胜任这项任务。
精品文档2016中国农业套:12月英语六级翻译真题第3年亿。中国农业产量全球第一，主要生产水3农业是中国的一个重要产业，从业者超过但为世界百分之二十的人提供稻、小麦和豆类。虽然中国的农业用地仅占世界的百分之十，勤劳和富有创造性的中国年开始种植水稻。了粮食。中国7700早在使用机械和化肥之前，农民就已经采用各种各样的方法来增加农作物产量。中国农业最近的发展是推进有机农业。有机农业可以同时服务于多种目的，包括食品安全，大众健康和可持续发展。 Agriculture is one of the most important industries inChina which embra agriculture output ranks the first ces more than 300 millionworkers. China ‘sand beans. China provid rice, wheat allover the word, and it mainly produce es 20 percent of the worldfood, though its agriculture land only accounts for 1 history ofplanting rice dates back as early as 7world'stotal.China's 0% of the c an d and fertilizers,industrious700 B.C. Long befor e the use o f machinery farmers had already used different kinds of methods to increase crop reativepromot of the agriculture development in China is to yields. The latest trend of pur agriculture can serve a varietyorganice organic agriculture. And the poses, which including foodsafety, public health and sustainable development. :学汉语第2套月英语六级翻译真题2016年12 使汉语成了世界上人们最爱学的语学汉语的人数迅速增加，随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，言之一。近年来，中国大学在国际上的排名也有了明显的提高。由于中国教育的巨大进步，万国际学生40中国成为最受海外学生欢迎的留学目的地之一就不足为奇了。2015年，近在全球而包括科学与工程。蜂拥来到中国市场。他们学习的科目不再限于中国语言和文化，教育市场上，美国和英国仍占主导地位，但中国正在迅速赶上。economy booms, there is a dramaticincrease in the number of China'sAs people learning Chinese,which makes it become one of the most popularlanguages. In recent years, international ranks ofChinese universities have apparently boosted. Owingto the progress of Chinese education, it is not odd that China has become one of the mostfavorite destinations for oversea students studying abroad. In 2015, around four hundredthousand international students piled into China to study. What they learn is no more limitedto the subjects of Chinese and Chinese culture, they also learn science and engineering. In theglobal education market, America and Britain still play dominant roles, while China is catchingup. 旅游套:第年201612月英语六级翻译真题1 中国人的时间主过去，随着生活水平的提高，度假在中国人生活中的作用越来越重要。经济的繁荣和富近年来中国旅游业发展迅速。要花在谋生上，很少有机会外出旅行。然而，精品文档．精品文档出国旅游也裕中产阶级的出现，引发了一个前所未有的旅游热潮。中国人不仅在国内旅游，亿元。据世界贸易组织估越来越普遍。年国庆节假日期间，旅游消费总计超过40002016在未来几年里将成为处境旅游支出增长最快2020年中国将成为世界上最大的旅游国，计，的国家。 With the improvement of living standards, vacationis playing an increasin life. In the past, Chinese people mainlysChinesepeople'sgly important role in
2014年6月英语六级真题翻译答案 翻译一：2014年6月英语六级翻译答案（中文热词） 中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪和大妈都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。 土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但是没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的牛津(OXford)英语词典，至今约有120中文加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。 【点评】 本篇翻译内容为“热词”反映社会现象，可见汉译英的选材范围包括中国文化、社会、经济、政治、科技等等各个方面，在备考时要注重全面，而且要注重平时的积累。相信对社会热点有所关注的话都能够准确理解原文内容，但是其中一些俗语的表达，比如“花钱如流水”等，要学会“意译”，表达出词语内涵而不是字对字翻译。 【参考译文】 Chinese buzzwords usually mirror changes and culture in the society, and some of them are increasingly used by foreign media. For example, though old word they are, tuhao and dama have taken on new meanings now。 The word "tuhao" originally means urban lords who bully tenants and servants, but now it refers to rich people who enjoy squandering and flaunting their fortune. In other words, tuhao has much money but little taste. Meanwhile, originally meaning middle-aged women, the word "dama" is used to refer in particular to those Chinese women who snapped up gold when the price of gold plunged not long ago。 It is likely that the two words will be included in the newest edition of the Oxford English Dictionary. Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been listed in it and became part of the English language。 翻译二：2014年6月英语六级翻译答案（中国科学院） 最近中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Science)出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系列报告。系列报告包括三部分：科学发展报告，高技术发展报告，中国可持续战略报告。第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现，诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破。该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍，并促进节能减排。
英语六级翻译冲刺特训 1. This is yet _________________ (两国人民的又一个共同点). 2. His scientific works _______________(在英语国家得到广泛阅读). 3. Revolution means the emancipation of the productive forces，_____________(改革也是解放生产力). is optimistic ________________(对现时信息产业的发展状况). in all fields should be subordinated to and ________________(服务于经济发展的进程). 1. another common point between the people of our two countries 解析：本题考查通过增补介词使译文的意思更完整。虽然原文没有和between相对应的词，但是"共同点"是两国人民之间在某方面进行比较的结果，所以增补between之后，符合英语表达习惯。增词法也是汉译英中常用技巧之一，再如：她以教书为业。(She is a teacher by occupation.)我已重新考虑了那件事。(I've had second thought on that matter.) 2. were widely read in English-speaking countries 解析：若是按照字面翻译，这句话很可能被译为were widely read in English countries。但是原文中"英语国家"的含义是"讲英语的国家"。这体现了英汉表达差异。请考生看下面这句话的英译：我卖掉了彩电。/I sold out my color TV.这句译文错误在于，没弄清"彩电"的含义。"彩电"有两层意思：一是指具体的实物，即彩色电视机color TV set;二是指屏幕上出现的影像，即彩色电视color TV。而句子中卖掉的只能是机器，具体的实物。 3. and so does reform 解析：本题意为：革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。考点有二：第一，考查词性转移。原文中"解放"用作动词，"生产力"作宾语。译文中处理成名词短语"对生产力的解放"。第二，考查省译法。我们不能把原文译成and reform also means the emancipation of the productive forces，这种结构显得臃肿累赘。为避免重复，可以选用and so does...来代替这个动宾结构。 4. about the present development of information industry 解析："对......表示乐观"可以用句型be optimistic about sth.。这句话不能译成about the status of the present development of information industry。"状况"是一个范畴词，没有实际含义，可省略不译。 5. serve the economic development 解析："服务于......"即"为......服务"，所以要用serve sb./ sth.的结构，不能译成be served to。"
2019年12月大学英语六级翻译练习题：思乡 2018年12月大学英语六级翻译练习题库 英语六级翻译练习题：思乡 思乡(homesickness)是中国人的一个永恒的话题。从古至今，无论男女，家是他们永久的港湾，思乡是他们不老的情结(complex)。正是这样的情结成为中国历代文人重要的创作题材，并以各种方式，从各种角度加以体现。是故乡，唤起了他们心灵深处最美好的回忆，在对故乡的思念中，他们又仿佛回到了那单纯无邪的童年时代，回到了母亲的怀抱，身心的创伤得到了暂时的平复，精神的空虚得到了刹那的充实，故乡成了他们终极的归宿地(ultimate destination)。 参考译文： Home sickness is an eternal topic for Chinese people. Since ancient times, home has been a permanent harbor for both men and women, and homesickness is their ever-young complex. It is such kind of complex that becomes the important theme of Chinese literati in all dynasties; they expressed this theme in various ways and form various angles. It is home that arouses the best memories in their hearts. Thanks to those memories, they feel like going back to the pure and innocent childhood and returning to mothers arms. The wounds in body and mind will get healed temporarily and spiritual emptiness will be enriched for a while. Home has become their ultimate destination. 词句点拨： 1.思乡：可译为homesickness，其形容词形式为homesick.
2010年6月 82. ______________________________________________（他们的独生儿子从未想过）to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties. 83. Before you take any action, please remember to _________________________________________________ ___________（权衡你的决定会产生的后果）. 84. He assure his friend that under no circumstances ______________________________________________（他会违背还钱的承诺）. 85. Most educators advise that kids______________________________________________（不要沉溺与电脑游戏）. 86. Business major as he is, he has______________________________________________（从未考虑过从事推销员的工作）. 2009年12月 82. How long does a jacket like this last me? -______________________________________________（这要看你多长时间穿一次）. 83. The theory he advanced has proved______________________________________________（对许多传统概念的一种挑战）. 84. The manager______________________________________________（本可以亲自参加会议）, but he was called away for some urgent business abroad. 85. Both research and practical experience have shown that a ______________________________________________ __________（均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的）. 86. Much______________________________________________（我感到遗憾）, I was unable to finish the work on time. 2009年6月 82. With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk ______________________________________ （说服他不买车）. 83. ______________________________________________（保持幽默感有助于）reduce stress and promote creative thinking in today’s competitive society. 84. When confronted with the evidence, ______________________________________________（他不得不坦白自己的罪行）. 85. When peop le say, “I can feel my ears burning,” it means they think _________________________________________ _____（一定有人在说他们的坏话）. 86. She has decided to go on a diet, but finds______________________________________________（很难抵制冰激凌的诱惑）. 2008年12月 82. He designed the first suspension bridge, which ______________________________________ （把美观与功能完美地结合起来）. 83. It was very dark, but Mary seemed to______________________________________________（本能地知道该走哪条路）. 84. I don’t think it advisable that parents______________________________________________（剥夺孩子们的自由）to spend their spare time as they wish. 85. Older adults who have a high level of daily activities have more energy and ______________________________________________（与不那么活跃的人相比死亡率要低）. 86. Your resume should attract a would-be boss’s attention by demonstrating ____________________________________________（为什么你是某个特定职位的最佳人选）. 2008年6月