高三英语科专项复习（1）名词的词义
复习提示：1）语境中名词意义的辨析2）固定搭配中的名词
1. If you don’t take away all your things from the desk, there won’t be enough ______ for my stationery.
A. area
B. place
C. room
D. surface
2. With spaceships, space ______ will become much cheaper.
A. journey
B. trip
C. travel
D. voyage
3. It’s important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the ______ in language studies.
A. situation
B. expression
C. condition
D. translation
4. Ability is one of the _______ of success in life.
A. situations
B. conditions
C. standards
D. positions
5. He told me he had been offered a well-paid ______ abroad.
A. service
B. position
C. part
D. place
6. Fred made a wise ______ about what he should do with his money.
A. decision
B. suggestion
C. discussion
D. expression
7. It was a great ______ for him to be pleasant to people he didn’t like.
A. trouble
B. effort
C. sorrow
D. plan
8. The discovery of oil can bring great _____ to a country.
A. luck
B. love
C. wealth
D. peace
9. Electricity, like other forms of ______, has greatly increased in price.
A. power
B. force
C. strength
D. energy
10. We couldn’t cut the string because the ______ of the knife was not sharp enough.
A. side
B. edge
C. front
D. point
11. His name was on the ______ of my tongue, but I just couldn’t remember it.
A. end
B. edge
C. tip
D. side
12. The ______ of the meeting is to elect a new captain.
A. purpose
B. meaning
C. fact
D. use
13. What a great ______ it is to work here! Everybody is so kind to me.
A. surprise
B. job
C. fun
D. pleasure
14. The television was repaired but not quite to the owner’s ______.
A. joy
B. pleasure
C. surprise
D. satisfaction
15. The detective couldn’t see which ______ the car went.
A. road
B. side
C. way
D. direction
16. – Few children are as bright as he is, and also, he works very hard.
-- It’s no ______ he alw ays gets the first place in any examination.
A. question
B. doubt
C. problem
D. wonder
17. Pop music is popular with many young people but it is not to everyone’s _____.
A. taste
B. share
C. manner
D. smell
18. – How dare you play on such thin ice?
-- Playing on ice is not my ______ of spare time.
A. idea
B. thought
C. mind
D. intention
19. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any _____.
A. excuse
B. sense
C. use
D. value
20. –Would you be so kind as to give me a _____? I’m too tired to walk any further.
-- I’m sorry, but the car’s too crowded.
A. place
B. drive
C. seat
D. lift
21. If the company wants to fire me, they have to give me three months’ _____.
A. notice
B. advice
C. message
D. information
22. If you want to learn something, you had better pay _____ in class.
A. care
B. notice
C. respect
D. attention
23. – How can I repair it?
-- Well, look at the _____.
A. explanations
B. expressions
C. instructions
D. introductions
24. We have worked out a plan. But I’m not certain whether it will do in _____.
A. fact
B. practice
C. deed
D. time
25. The _____ of blood always makes me feel sick.
A. sign
B. sight
C. scene
D. look
26. I know I should not accept anything from such a person but I found it difficult to refuse his _____.
A. plan
B. promise
C. offer
D. suggestion
27. The house was sold for $60,000, which was far more than its real _____.
A. cost
B. price
C. use
D. value
28. If you drive from the airport, go on the motorway and follow the _____.
A. designs
B. ways
C. points
D. signs
29. Soon after the floods, food and clothing were supplied without _____.
A. cost
B. value
C. charge
D. use
30. – How much did the coat cost?
-- Just five dollars. It’s a real _____.
A. bargain
B. suit
C. dress
D. goods
31. – In my opinion, a breakdown of these figures would give a lot of useful _____.
-- I think so. Especially about the future of that country.
A. information
B. practice
C. advice
D. attention
32. He won first _____ on the pools, which made his parents happy.
A. prize
B. price
C. value
D. position
33. It’s the ----- in this country to go out and pick flowers on the first day of spring.
A. use
B. custom
C. habit
D. saying
34. I’m afraid you have no _____ but to come along with us.
A. possibility
B. choice
C. selection
D. way
35. Their mother was glad to make a lunch for them to carry to the park. It was such a perfect day
for a _____
A. lesson
B. rest
C. ride
D. picnic
36. – Dad, you said you would buy me a new bike the other day.
-- Yes. It’s my _____ if you do better in your exams.
A. idea
B. suggestion
C. promise
D. hope
37. She did me a great _____ by driving me to the airport.
A. advice
B. suggestion
C. service
D. practice
38. Although he talked half an hour, he cou ldn’t give us a good _____ of the reason why he did it.
A. idea
B. explanation
C. sense
D. understanding
39. The dress is nice but she doesn’t like the _____ on the material.
A. shape
B. size
C. model
D. pattern
40. – Tell us, Mark. What is the _____ of the American Civil War?
-- Well, it is because the black slaves wanted freedom.
A. effect
B. cause
C. result
D. importance
41. This work calls for great _____. I doubt whether you’ll be fit for it.
A. advice
B. patience
C. skill
D. knowledge
42. My thoughts raced back more than 30 years ago. The ______ was an air-raid shelter, in
which I and about a hundred people slept every night.
A. cave
B. place
C. sight
D. scene
43. The building can seat 2,000 people, but it is poor in _____.
A. size
B. taste
C. design
D. order
44. Some of the passengers told the reporters about their _____ in the burning train.
A. details
B. trips
C. events
D. experiences
45. Mary wants to have a bicycle trip across the country by herself, but her parents won’t
give their _____.
A. permission
B. expression
C. attention
D. introduction
46. She let herself get into a _____ before the examination began.
A. condition
B. situation
C. state
D. form
47. After some time, it was Zhou Lan’s turn to perform the floor _____ on the mat.
A. plays
B. exercises
C. actions
D. movements
48. Last night the president made a speech on TV to the ________.
A. country
B. state
C. land
D. nation
49. Bad programmes on TV may have bad _____ on children.
A. strength
B. effect
C. power
D. control
50. In order to make his story interesting, he took Charlie’s case as a ( an ) _____.
A. advice
B. lesson
C. example
D. information
名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示： 名词专有名词不可数名词 普通名词物质名词 抽象名词 集体名词 可数名词
情况构成方法读音例词 一般情况加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以ce, se, ze,等结尾加-s 读/iz/ license-licenses 以辅音字母+y结尾变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies 1）以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。 如：two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 2）以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如：photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos； b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes
何时用不定式何时用分词和动名词 Ⅰ.动名词和不定式做主语的相同点 1.不定式短语和动名词做主语时，常常为了保持句子的平衡，用it来做形式主语，如： It is not easy to learn English well. It is no use asking him for help. 2.如果主语用了不定式,表语和宾语也要用不定式;主语用了动名词,表语和宾语也要用动名词,这在英语中称为对称性,如: To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实) (85)It is better to stay home than _A__ out. A. to go B. going C. go D. gone Ⅱ.动名词和不定式做主语的不同点 1.不定式做主语常表示具体的某一动作;表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时,多用动名词,如: (92)_B_ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk 2.在”There/It +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词做主语,而少用不定式,如: It /There is no use crying over the split milk. It /There is no help taking this medicine. ★但是如果该句型中用了for引出不定式的逻辑主语,就只能用不定式,如: (93) There is no good for us to do that exercise. 3.不定式可以和when, where, how, what, whether等连用,在句子中做主语,宾语和表语,而动名词则不能,如: How to solve the problem is a hot potato. Where to put the box seems hard to decide. Whether to do it hasn’t been decided. What to do next is up to you. 时态、语态及其基本用法 A. 不定式 1．不定式的时态、语态有三种形式：①一般式，如，to write / to be written ;②进行式，如，to be writing / to have been writing;③完成式，如，to have written / to have been written 。 2．基本用法 ①不定式的一般式，表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时也发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如： He seems to know this.(=It seems that he knows this.) I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’ll see you again.) He doesn’t like to be laughed at. (=He doesn’t like that he is being laughed at.) ②不定式的进行式，表示不定式的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如： When the mother went into the room, the boy pretended to be sleeping. (=… , the boy pretended that he was sleeping .) I heard the English song being sung by him. (=I heard that the English song was being sung by him.) ③．不定式的完成式，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如： I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. (= I am sorry that I kept you waiting so long. ) Having been well written, the book was translated into many languages. (=Because it had been well written, …) B. 分词 1.只有现在分词才有时态和语态形式的变化。现在分词的时态、语态有两种形式：①一般式，如，doing / being done;
高三英语复习建议 分析近几年来的上海英语高考试卷，我们可以清楚的看到：高考英语命题总的趋势是突出语言交际性，更强调考核考生英语知识的运用能力及对英语基础知识的理解。 英语语言考核材料的选择，都与学生的日常生活息息相关，并有很强的时代感。试卷鼓励学生注重语言能力训练。对英语学习要求学生凭借着已有的语言积累，发掘潜在的语言敏感性、动态地来体验语言的文化和思想，体会出语言形式的特定意义，从而实现书面和口头的有效交流。 在对阅读教学的要求中要求考生运用理解文章的基本内容，归纳文章的主旨大意，推测文章中的隐含意思，根据上下文正确理解词语和句子等方法。阅读多种体裁、题材的语言材料，运用阅读技能完成不同文体的阅读任务。不借助工具书读懂文学、科技等原版的简易读物及含有少量的生词的语言材料。能借助工具书读懂报刊、杂志和网络等媒体上的语言材料。高中阶段课外阅读量不少于25万词。 根据以上信息我给高三学生4点复习建议。 建议1：语法训练题要少做但要精做 在高三复习中，可以放弃以语法知识复习为重点的复习模式，从近年来高考改革趋势及英语语法试题命题的走向来看，“基础、常见、实用”这六字方针是语法试题的命题原则。所以我们首先应该加强基础、常见和实用的语法题目的训练，注重梳理。近几年的高考题语法题中没有像所谓的习题集中的语法“偏题”、“怪题”和“难题”。 考生没有必要在这些题目上花大量的时间。因为高考语法题有极强的典型性和代表性，考生只要正确理解上下文一般就能找到正确答案。而近几年的高考语法题目很好地体现了新课程改革的基本精神，并体现了“贴近时代、贴近生活、贴近学生”的原则。因为学习语法的目的是促进语言的运用能力的发展。切忌花费大量的时间去研究难题、偏题、怪题。建议考生可先把学过的一些基础语法知识依次梳理一遍，对疑点、难点做好记录，并配合学校英语教师精选的典型的语法练习题进行针对性的练习即可。要牢记“题不在多做，而在精做，举一反三，融会贯通。”
高考英语名词专项练习精选 考点规律分析：短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。此外，还常考名词的所有格、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。语法填空主要考查名词的单复数以及名词与其他词类之间的转换。 名词单句改错之真题训练： 1. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. 2.We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. 3.There are branch library in many villages. 4. 5.Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family. 6. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. 7. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. 8. …and often watch football match on TV together. 9.Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! 10. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. 11. I used to love science class — all of them— biology, chemistry, geography, physics. 12. They did not want me to do any work at family. 13. …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. 14.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. 15. No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. 16. Their word were a great encouragement to me. 17. You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.” 18. 19. You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. 20. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby… 21. She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when… 22. Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. 23..The airs we breathe is getting dirtier and dirtier. 名词单句改错之模拟训练： 1. Women live longer than men in most country. 2. The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time. 3. It’s said that all the ticket have been sold out. 4. The children spend a lot of times watching TV. 5. I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday. 6. The flower in the park were all pleasing. 7. As the day went by, she became less anxious. 8. 9. It’s one of the most interesting book that I’ve ever read. 10. He made his first time visit to China when he was 18. 11.Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear. 12. He hasn’t lived here long, but he has a great many friend here. 13. I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there. 14. He’s getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures. 15. There’s a paper’s factory near our school. 名词单句改错之提升训练： A级 1. From then on, we became good friend and often played together. 2. Both Marx and Engels were Germen. 3.Did you take their advices yesterday?
高三上 UNIT1 beard n.（下巴上的）胡须；络腮胡子 cheetah n.猎豹 sailfish n.旗鱼；姥鲛 voyager n.航行者；航海者；航天者 tight adj.紧的；难解开的；紧密的 tightrope n.绷紧的绳索或钢丝 gorge n.峡谷 edition n.版本；版次 moustache n.髭；八字须；小胡子 Urumqi n.乌鲁本齐 brewery n.啤酒厂 conclude vt.结束时说；（经推理）相信；达成vi结束 hire vt.雇佣；租用 send in 寄送某处进行处理 set down 记下；写下 feat n.技艺；功绩；伟业 length n.长度；长 hectare n.公顷 athletic adj.运动（员）的；体格健壮的 Lance Armstrong 兰斯·阿姆斯特朗 fade vi.凋谢；褪色；（声音等）变弱；（光纤等）变暗vt.使褪色in a row 一个接一个地；连续不断地 in the first place （用于列举理由等时）首先；第一；原先account n.叙述；账目；账户 attempt vt.尝试；努力n.试图；企图 suitable adj.适合的；恰当的 apply for 申请；请求 inspect vt.检查；视察；察看 confirm vt.证实；确认 certificate n.证（明）书 gradual adj.逐渐的；渐变的 blank n.空的；空隙adj.空白的；空虚的 enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的 bid n.出价；投标vt.& vi.(bid,bid)（拍卖时）喊（价）；投标decade n.十年 committee n.委员会 fascinate vt.迷住；使神魂颠倒 Juan Antonio Samaranch 胡安·安东尼奥·萨马兰奇 burst vt.(burst,burst)爆炸；爆破 burst into sth 突然而猛烈地发出或产生出某事物 underline vt.在……下面画线；强调 globe n.地球；地球仪；球体
动名词和现在分词的区别 如果你只想知道动名词和现在分词如何区分的话我给你一个例子sleeping baby reading room 这 里sleeping是现在分词，因为sleeping=baby is sleeping,sleeping显然是个分词；而reading room 不等同于room is reading,所以reading是动名词 动名词在形式上，和现在分词相同，然而现在分词具有形容词或副词的特点； 而动名词具有名词的特点。因此在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语或介词的宾语。例如：Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣。（主语） Seeing is believing.眼见为实。（主语） Another goal was ending the chaos in the country. 另一个目标是结束国家的混乱状态。（表语） What he got in his mind was walking all the way to town.他心中的想的办法是一路步行进城。（表语） My job is teaching.我的工作是教学。（表语） To keep money that you have found is stealing.私藏拾到的钱等于偷窃。（表语） Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋该修理了。（宾语） I have finished writing this book.我已经写完这本书了。(宾语) She left without saying good-bye to us.她没有向我们告别就走了。（介词宾语） My brother is fond of skating. 我弟弟喜欢滑冰。（介词宾语） Thank you for giving me some help. 谢谢你给我些帮助。(介词宾语) 由于动名词是动词的一种形式，因此动名词也具有动词的一些特征。动名词可以带直接宾语；可以被副词修饰。例如： My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。(stamps是动名词collecting的宾语) Meeting you has been a great pleasure.见到你是件很快乐的事。（you是动名词meeting的宾语）I like driving fast. 我喜欢开快车。（副词fast修饰动名词driving） 动名词还有几种形式： 主动形式
高考英语词汇复习 agree vi.同意;持相同意见I cannot agree with you on this point.在这一点上,我不能同意你的意见。 sb agree with sb 同意某人的话,意见 sth agree with sb 某物,某事适应某人agree to sb 建议agree on sth 在某一点上取得一致意见 agree up sth 在某一点上取得一致意见agree to do sth 同意干某事 break vt.打破;损坏;破坏We should all take a little break before dessert. 吃甜点之前我们大家应该稍微休息一下。break down 机器坏了=go wrong 身体垮了/终止谈话11) I had never seen a grown man break down and cry. 我从未曾看到过一个这么强壮的汉子痛哭失声。 break in 闯入,插话break off 忽然停止讲话/断绝,结束/暂停工作,休息 break out (战争等)爆发;逃出(无被动式) break through 打破包围 break up 驱散,学校的放学The police had to employ force to break up the crowd.警察不得不使用武力驱散人群。break away from 脱离,逃说,与...断绝来往/改变某种习惯 bring vt.拿来;带来;取来I'll bring some of my pictures into the gallery. 我就带一些我的摄影到艺廊来。bring about =cause, result in, lead to bring down 使倒下,使下降bring force 使产生,引起 bring forward 提出建议=put forward/提前 bring in =get in the pops/使得到某种收入Mr. Li: Oh… would you kindly allow me to bring in h… would you kindly allow me to bring in the civet durian? It is the favorite of my sister.李先生：喔…您能允许我带些榴莲吗？它是我姐姐最喜欢的水果。bring back to one's mind 使回想起 bring up sb 抚养某人bring up sth 提出bring up 呕吐bring to an end 结束=come to an end call vt.叫喊;打电话给… I'll call the roll before class. 课前我要点名。 call on sb 拜访,号召call at 访问(某人的家);(火车、船)停靠 call for 需要And there's a phone call for you, Mr. Bennett. Bennett先生有你的电话。 call for sb 去接某人一起去做某事call off 取消(计划,比赛) call out (call out+to sb.)大声地叫call up sb 打电话 call in 请进来We'll call in a couple of days. 我们两三天後打电话。 carry vt.携带;运载;传送Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。 carry out 进行到底,贯彻执行4) Tomorrow, Sandra will carry out the garbage. 明天珊多拉将会收拾垃圾的。carry out 是成就、完成的惯用语,但在此地,一看便知并非这种意思。可把它想象做从厨房把garbage 运到外面去。 carry on 进行下去,坚持下去Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。carry away 拿走,入迷,被...吸引carry forward 推进,发扬(精神) carry off 抢走,夺走/获得奖品carry through 进行到底,完成计划carry sb through 使...渡过难关 catch vt.捉;抓住vi.接住We didn't catch anything. 我们什么也没有钓著。 catch up 赶上33. He shut himself away for a month to catch up on his academic work.他与世隔绝一个月,力图把功课赶上去。catch on 勾住,绊倒catch at 想抓住A drowning man will catch at a straw. 溺水者见草也要抓;急何能择。be caught in the rain 被雨淋catch up with 赶上某人,补上工作 clear a.清澈[晰]的vt.清除It is said it will clear up tonight. 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。 clear up (天气)转晴,澄清事实,整理收拾It is said it will clear up tonight. 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。 clear away 清除掉,去掉,消散clear off 消除(积雪)等障碍,把...拆掉,擦掉,清除 come vi.到来; 变得; 到达May I come in? 我能进来吗？ come across 偶然发现,偶然遇到 come on 快点(口),开始,到来,举行,走吧,一起去Oh, come on now. 噢别这样了。 come at 向...扑过来,向...袭击7. We may come at another time.我们可以另找个时间来。 come down 倒下,(温度,价格)下降,病倒come forward 涌现,主动地响应要求做某事 come in 进来,上市And have you had an engineer come in to do an inspection? 你们可有一个工程师来做过检查吗 come from 来自于I come from Japan. 我来自日本。come out 出来,出发,结果Did Mitchell Johnson's review come out yet? Mitchell Johnson的评论出来了没有? come to 苏醒,总共,达到,得到谅解When will he come to see you? 他什么时候来看你？ come up sb 走进come up 种子生长发育,被提出and I'll come up with something. 我会想出个办法的。 come to one's rescuers 帮助 come true 实现I know, but it's still a dream come true. 我知道但这终究是一个梦想实现了。
A abandon v.抛弃，舍弃，放弃abandonment n. 抛弃 able a.能够；有能力的ability n. 能力；才能 disability n. 无能，残disable v. 使残废，使丧失能力 疾 abundant (a.) 丰富的；充裕的裕abundance (n.) 丰富充 absenee n. 不在，缺席absent a. 不在的，缺席的accident n. 事故，意外的事 (n.) 大学教师academy (n.) 学academic (a.) 学院的，理论的 院 accomplishment n. 完成, accomplish v. 完成成就 accuracy n. 准确，精accurate (ly ) a. 精确的 确 achievement n. 成就，成achieve vt. 达到，取得 绩，功绩 admission n. 准入，接admit vt. 承认，准许 纳 advertisement n. 广advertise vt. 为 ... 做广告 告 adaptation (n.) 适应，adapt (v.) 使适应；改编 改编 add (v.) 添加，增加；补充说addition (n.) 添加，添 加物
admire (v.) 钦佩，羡暴 、.八― admiration (n.) 钦佩， adopt (v.) 收养，采用adoption (n.) 收养，采 用 affect vt.影响affection n. 喜爱， 钟爱 aggression n. 侵略aggressive (ly) a. 侵略的；咄咄逼人 agree v. 同意；应允agreement n. 冋意，致协定，协议 agricultural a. 农业的agriculture n. 农业，农学 allow (v.) 准许，允许allowanee (n.) 允许；紧津贴；(父母 给孩子的)零花钱 ambition n. 目标，野丿L、，雄丿L、，抱负a mbitious 野心的 (ly) a.有 amaze(v.) 惊 惊奇，震惊amazeme nt (n.)惊奇，震amuse (v.) 乐 使…快乐amusement (n.) 消遣，娱 an alyse/ze 析结果V. 分析analysis n. 分析，分 an ger n. 的 怒，愤怒angry a. 生气的，愤怒 announce 通知vt. 宣布，宣告announ ceme nt n. 通告， anxiety n. 担忧，焦虑anxious a. 忧虑的，焦急的
现在分词和动名词的区别 动名词和现在分词：都由动词变化而来，仍然具有动词的性质和原义，但不能做动词使用。 两者的区别主要表现在： 1. –ing在句中作定语，它可能是现在分词，也可能是动名词 动名词作定语时：说明被修饰的名词的用途（可以用“use for +动名词”这个结构代替），它和所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系； 现在分词作定语时：表示它所修饰的名词的行为，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系（可以扩展为定语从句）； 还有一种区别方法是： 如果ing形式相当于一个名词，可以与主语交换位置，它就是动名词； 如果ing形式相当于形容词，不能与主语交换位置，它就是现在分词。 a sleeping car = a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢（sleeping此处为动名词）； a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子（sleeping此处为现在分词） 2. 动名词具有名词的性质： （1）可以和名词一样有冠词或this、some等形容词 A knocking at the door was heard. （2）可以和名词一样有所有格、复数形式 He enjoys reading for reading’s sake, not for scholarship. He is so busy that I cannot keep track of all his comings and goings. （3）可以带所有格以表明动作者 Please excuse my coming late. 3. “动名词+名词”和“现在分词+名词”的读音不同 “动名词+名词”的重音在“动名词”上（a ‘sleeping suit） “现在分词+名词”的重音在“名词”上（a sleeping ‘child） 4. 动名词用法的特殊情况 ①No+动名词——用于简短的禁令或禁律 No smoking=Don’t do=Don’t smoke. ②There is no+-ing（…是不可能的）= It is impossible to= No one can (or We cannot) There is no telling when lasting peace will come. 谁也不知道永久的和平何时到来 ③Never (or not) … without + -ing （每次…都…）= whenever He never comes without bringing some present. ④It goes without saying that（…是不用说的）= It is needless to say that It goes without saying that no animal can live without breathing. ⑤Do+动名词（做需要若干时间或一再重复的事情），动名词之前都由the、所有
高三总复习词汇短语系列训练1 1. When giving evidence in a law court, people are expected to tell the ________ truth. A. maximum B. perfect C. positive D. absolute 2. If a person does not receive the gene for right-handedness he may become right-or left- handedness ___________ chance and the person’s surroundings. A. because of B. according to C. due to D. related to 3. Attracting women into science will require a change in the culture that assumes girls are less__than boys of doing science and entering the profession. A. suitable B. superior C. capable D. qualified 4. Being a capable woman, Nancy _________ to be considered as merely a housewife. A. agrees B. admits C. refuses D. rejects 5. We all have experienced occasions when we have spoken our _______ to someone, telling them exactly what we feel. A. mind B. heart C. words D. thought 6. In order to gain more profits, more and more young people are into IT industry. A. entertained B. appointed C. employed D. attracted 7. An ___________ diet is highly necessary for one’s health. A. adequate B. effective C. advanced D. efficient 8. Professor Hawkin asks his students to read the newspapers to keep _________ of current events. A. watched B. observed C. informed D. noticed 9. Most children in Great Britain are educated at the public ___________ A. expense B. charge C. pay D. credit 10. I could jus t see a boat in the distance, but I couldn’t what color it was. A. make of B. make out C. make up D. make for 11. Please come and help me with this application form because I don’t know how to _______it. A. set about B. set out C. set up D. set aside 12. She had a ______in which she saw her boyfriend coming with a bunch of red roses. A. view B. image C. vision D. Sight 13. Under no __________whatsoever will I elect Mr. White president of the university. A. environments B. occasions
英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来，它仍一方面保留着动词的某些特征，具有动词的某些变化形式，用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念，另一方面动名词在句子的用法及功能类同与名词：在句子可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。它也可以被副词修饰或者支配宾语。 例如：They run into constant discrimination in trying to find a job or friend. 在寻找工作和结交朋友方面，他们不断地遇到歧视。 Living in gigs means having one room in someone's house. 寄居的意思是在别人的家里借住一间房间。 附：动名词用法口诀： 动名词常泛指，句法作用宾/表/定与主，时态/语态之形式，一般/完成/被动式。Being done 系被动，不含任何进行意。用作主语请留意，常用it作形式主语，不指未来发生事，表达的信息系已知。用作表语请记清，作用相当一名词，检验方法很简单，主与表换位能成立。用作定语也易辩，表示名词之用途。用作宾语稍复杂，关键留意谓语动词（跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后），时态同谓动作比较，先于谓动用完成式，其逻辑主语不固定，在句中/句外均有之。否定式其前加not，复合式其前加物主词，非句首宾格词也可用，尤其口语中更如此。 说明：1、主-----主语2、宾-----宾语3、表------表语4、定------定语5、谓动---谓语动词 形式（一般式，完成式和被动式）(1) 动名词的一般式: doing 所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。 如：We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感兴趣。 His coming will be of great help to us. 他来对我们大有帮助。 但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词after,on,upon,或for之后，常用一般式代替完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。 如：I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。 On hearing that bad news,the mother couldn’t help crying. 一听到这个糟糕的消息，母亲就禁不住哭了起来。 Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了，请原谅。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。 (2) 动名词的完成式: having done 所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。 He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。 We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。 (3) 动名词的被动式：being done 当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时，用被动语态。 如：I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。 She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。 The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商量。 He doesn’t mind having been criticized. 他不介意过去受到的批评。
高三英语核心词汇复习第3课时(avoid—blood) 1．单词拼写 (1)His nose is b________．Call in a doctor；otherwise he’ll lose too much blood． (2)Don’t worry about the dog；he won’t b________ ． (3)The family have a strong b________ in God；they think God exists． (4)My flat has got a b________，where I can stand and watch the sea． (5)He drank strong, b________ coffee in order to stay up late and watch football． (6)Two pieces of b________ (行李)went missing． (7)I think I'll have a b________ (淋浴)and go to bed． (8)By 9 o’clock the b________ (沙滩)was already crowded with people． (9)His b________ (行为)in school is beginning to improve· (10)She has a degree in b________ (生物)． 2．选词填空 before behind for away back beside between on below beyond (1)The beach is only five minutes ________; you can walk there． (2)If Jamie rings, tell him I'll call him ________． (3)On the table ________the bed were several medicine bottles． (4)The movie was based ________ a true story． (5)Don’t be so sad；it won’t be long ________ we meet again． (6)The reporter was determined to find the truth ________ the news． (7)Too much salt can be bad ________ you． (8)Is there any difference ________ pop music and classics? (9)Temperatures drop to 4 degrees ________ freezing. It is very cold． (10)The radio was damaged ________ repair．You’d better throw it away． 3．单项选择 (1)I don’t mind going there on foot. ________，the walk will do me good． A．Beside B．Besides C．However D．Because (2)Brazil ________ Italy in the final，2-1． A．fought B．blessed C．beat D．avoided (3)It’s important to understand people from different ________. A．basis B．blocks C．behaviors D．backgrounds (4)The radio stops working because the battery is ________. A．slow B．flat C．below D．behind (5)Bill had done everything he could ________ to me． A．avoid talking B．to avoid talkingC．avoid to talk D．to avoid to talk (6)I ________ my balance and fell on my face． A．kept B．1ost C．recovered D．gained (7)Riding a bike helps develop a child’s sense of____________. A．being B．blank C．balance D．behavior (8)My leg really hurts —— I'm not sure how much longer I can ________ it． A．bear B．bend C．bless D．betray (9)So who ________ for the broken vase?