大学英语四级考前模考试卷(二)

恩波学校XX年春季大学英语四级第一次模考试题加答案（之二）23. The expression “by virtue of” in the last but one senten ___ can best be repla ___d by ________ . A) by means of B) because of C) in case of D) with the help of 24. Most books on interviewing are not con ___rned aboutjournalistic kind because ________ . A) most people like to read broadcasting interviews B) most western people are seemingly familiar with journalistic interviews C) journalistic interviews are too professional for most people D) texts about journalistic interview don’t deal with the “how to” aspects 25. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an oasion of interview? A) Going to see a doctor. B) Reading an article. C) Negotiating with a client. D) Looking for a job.Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on resour ___s of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage ordiscourage money spending. If an economist was asked which of three groups borrow most, people with rising ines, stable ines, or declining ines--he would probably answer: those with declining ines. Actually, in the years 1947--1950, the answer was: people with rising ines. People with declining ines were next and pe ople with stable ines borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect pri ___s to go up, they will hasten to buy. If they expect pri ___s to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising pri ___s, "In a few months, " she said, "we'll have to pay more for meat and milk; we'll have less to spend on other things." Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in pri ___s that has already taken pla ___ ___y be resented and buyer's resistan ___ ___y be evoked. This is shown by the following typical ment: "I just don't pay these pri ___s; they are too high." The investigations mentioned above werecarried out in America. Investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition mostconducive(有助于) to spending appears to be pri ___ stability. If pri ___s have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the mon business policy of ___intaining stable pri ___s is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology.26. It can be inferred from the passage that if one wants to predict the way consumers will spend their money, he should ________. A) rely on traditional assumptions about earning and spending B) try to encourage or discourage consumers to spend money C) carry our investigations on consumer behavior and obtain data on consumers' ines and money spending motives D) do researches in consumer psychology in a laboratory 27. Aording to Paragraph 2, research s urveys have proved that ________. A) pri ___ increases always stimulate people to hasten to buy things B) rising pri ___s ___y ___ke people put off their purchaseof ___rtain things C) women are more sensitive to therising in pri ___s than men D) the expectations of pri ___ increases often ___ke buyers feel angry 28. The results of the investigations on consumer psychology carried out in America were ________ those of the investigations ___de at the same time in Great Britain. A) somewhat different from B) exactly the same as C) much better than D) not as good as 29. From the results of the surveys, the writer of this article ________. A) concludes that the saving and spending patterns in Great Britain are better than those in America.B) concludes that the consumers always expect pri ___s to re ___in stable C) concludes that ___intaining stable pri ___s is a correct business policy D) does not draw any conclusion 30. Which of the following statements is always TRUE aording to the surveys mentioned in the passage? A) Consumers will put off buying things if they expect pri___s to decrease. B) Consumers will spend their money quickly if they expect pri ___s to increase. C) The pri ___ condition has an influen ___ on consumer behavior. D) Traditional assumptions about earning and spending are reliable.Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a wo ___n and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn't help overhearing parts of their conversation. At one point, the wo ___n asked: "So, how have you been?" And the boy―who could not have been more than seven or eight years old―replied , "Frankly, I've been feeling a little depressed lately.'' This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn't find out we were "depressed" until we were in high school. The eviden ___ of a change in children has increased steadily in re ___nt years. Children don't seem childlike any more. Children speak more like ___s, dress more like ___s and behave more like ___s than they used to. Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it ___rtainly is different. Childhood as it on ___ was no longer exists. Why? Hu ___n development is based not only on innate (天生的) biological states, but also on patterns of aess to social knowledge. Movement from one social root to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new status. Children have always been taught___ secrets, but slowly and in stages: traditionally, we___ sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders. In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation (揭示) ___chine has been installed in 98 per ___nt of American homes. It is called television. Television passes infor___tion, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, no ___tter they are children or ___s. Unable to resist the temptation, ___ny children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures. Communication through print, as a ___tter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social infor ___tion to which children have aess. Reading and writing involve a plex code of symbols that must be memorized and practi ___d. Children must read ___ books before they can read plex ___terials.31. Aording to the author, feeling depressed is ________.A) a sure sign of a psychological problem in a child B) somethin g hardly to be expected in a young child C) an inevitable sign of children's mental development D) a mental scale present in all hu ___ns, including children 32. Traditionally, a child is supposed to learn about the___ world ________. A) through contact with society C) naturally and by biological instinct B) gradually and under guidan ___ D)through exposure to social infor ___tion 33. The phenomenon that today's children seem ___-like is attributed by the author to _ . A) the widespread influen ___ of television B) the poor arrangement of teaching content C) the fast pa ___ of hu ___n in ___ectual development D) the constantly rising standard of living 34. Why is the author in favor of munication through print for children? A) It enables children to gain more social infor ___tion. B) It develops children's interest in reading and writing. C) It helps children to memorize and practi ___ more. D) It can control what children are to learn. 35. What does the author think of the change in today's children? A) He feels amused by their pre ___ture behavior.B) He thinks it is a phenomenon worthy of note. C) He considers it a positive development. D) He seems to be upset about it.Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. "Opinion" is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to ___tters of taste, belief, andjudgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn't attach too much importan ___ to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach great importan ___ to it. "I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours, '' and ''Everyone's ent itled to his opinion, '' are mon expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge another's opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.模板,内容仅供参考。

大学英语四级考试（CET 4）（恩波英语研究所命题）MODEL TEST— Band Four —(4 LSH 2)试题册（125分钟）恩波英语模考试卷-Part ⅠWriting(30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上，请在答题卡1上作答。

Part ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Consumer Recycling and Waste Reduction TipsThe following information provides simple tips on how to recycle and reduce waste as a consumer. Grocery StoresMany supermarkets sponsor redemption centers（回收中心）that will buy back California Redemption Value(CRV) containers for recycling and may accept other materials like steel cans, glass jars and newspapers. Some stores have reverse vending machines, which give you money back as CRV containers are fed into them.Many grocery stores in the San Diego area also have a place to recycle used plastic grocery bags and film containers (plastic canisters that package the film):Albertsons (also take newspaper wrappers, dry cleaning bags, or any type of LDPE plastic bag) ·Ralphs·Vons·Wal Mart·Whole Foods MarketAs for the question “Paper or plastic?” why not bring your own reusable cloth shopping bags instead. The cloth bags hold a lot more, so there are fewer trips back and forth from the car and the cloth carrying handles are more comfortable on your hands than paper or plastic handles. Some stores even give a small discount when you bring reusable cloth bags or reuse old shopping bags to carry out your new purchases.Tip: If you bring your own canvas, plastic, or paper bags, be sure to ask the store to credit your bill. Many stores take 5 cents off each bag provided by the customer, even if the store does not recycle plastic bags.And if you buy just one or two items, try going without a bag altogether. The store pays for its bags, which means so do you, and in the end, so does the environment.Dry CleanersMany dry cleaners take back their plastic clothes bags. When you get home and hang up yourclothes, keep the plastic covers and recycle them on your next trip to the dry cleaners—rather than throw them away. Some stores will also reuse clean hangers.Reusing by DonatingThere are many items that even the most active recycler may throw away because they are uncommon recyclables. Some of these items include mattresses, furniture, clothing, appliances, electronics or art materials. They can often be donated to local thrift stores and nonprofit groups to be repaired and reused. Visit , San Diego s resource for thrift stores, second hand, rummage sales, recycling, retro, and more. Plus a calendar of events.Source Reduction—Make It Recyclable and ReusableWhile shopping, you can help the environment by selecting products that use less packaging and are reusable or readily recyclable in your community. When buying a product, stop and think, “Can this item be recycled or reused?” If not, is there an alternati ve brand or product that you can buy? By making these choices, you are using your purchasing power to reward manufacturers that make recyclable and reusable products, not products that are only disposable.Try Ｔhese Ｒeusable Ａlternatives:·Use a sponge instead of throwaway wipes·Buy rechargeable batteries·Buy cloth napkins that you can wash instead of paper you throw away·Buy washable plates and cups for picnics instead of disposables·Buy razors with replaceable blades·Seek out reusable or refillable containers that hold shampoo, soap, etc.·Use plastic containers with lids instead of aluminum foil, plastic bags or plastic wrap·Rinse plastic bags and reuse them Buy Products Made of Recycled MaterialsA phone directory featuring local recycled products is available by calling Environmental Services at(858)694 7000. No recycling program is truly successful unless recyclables collected are transformed into marketable products and then purchased by you! To create a demand for recycled products, make sure to purchase products that contain recycled materials. Ask store managers to stock products made with recycled materials and write to the manufacturers of the products you buy and tell them you prefer that they use recycled materials.When shopping, buy those items that say, “made from recycled materials”and have the highest percentage of post consumer recycled content. (Post consumer content means any material that the public has already used or recycled.) California law requires that any consumer goods labeled “Recycled”must contain at least 10% post consumer content. And beware, claims such as “environmentally friendly”, “eco safe”, “safe for the environment”or “natural”do not necessarily mean that the product can be recycled or contains recycled material!Thanks to today s technology and manufacturing, these products are as high a quality as(if not higher than) products that don t contain recycled materials, and they look just as nice. Look for these items for your home or business in your community:·Clothing and shoes·Children s toys and playground equipment·Garden tools·Carpet pads·Plastic lumber for planters, decks and benches·Motor oil·Floors and countertops·Rain gutters·Packaging materials·Paper products like tissue and towels·Cleaning supplies·Writing or computer paper and envelopesYour choices and efforts can make a significant difference in the success of San Diego and our nation s recycling programs! Avoid Excess Packaging and Buy in Bulk（批量购买）While it s true that some packaging is necessary for health and shelf life considerations, all too many manufacturers over package their products. This excess packaging costs consumers more money, costs our environment more resources and energy, and costs our landfills valuable space.So take a little extra care before you buy. Look for an alternative product without packaging or the least amount of packaging and send a message that you don t like waste. Also, avoid single serving items that are overly wrapped.When it makes sense, buy in bulk, but only purchase the amount you will use within a reasonable time. You will avoid over packaging and save money, since larger quantities are generally discounted. Try these alternatives next time you shop:·Large box of cereal vs. individually wrapped snack pack of mini boxes of cereal·Pudding in a box vs. pudding in plastic cups which are then held together by a cardboard carton ·Fresh vegetables you buy by the pound vs. shrink wrapped vegetables in Styrofoam containers ·1 gallon water jugs vs. 6 pack of individual 12 ounce plastic bottles·Condensed can of soup vs. microwavable single portion soups注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上作答；8~10题在答题卡1上。

参考答案（A卷）Part I Writing范文略Part II Listening Comprehension 1. B) The man’s idea is probably a good one. 2. C) It wasn’t as good as he had expected. 3. D) She’s not sure how she was able to finish so early. 4. D) She would like to know about that problem. 5. A) He is suspected of cheating. 6. A) She hasn’t cleaned her room, either. 7. C) She has no computer at the moment. 8. B) The signing is just a reassurance. 9. D) Discussing living places and children’s education.10. A) The natural environment is beneficial to children.11. B) There is a lot to see and do for children and adults.12. C) She will go to a museum next weekend.13. B) She couldn’t communicate with Spanish people very well.14. C) By watching BBC programs.15. D) Do more practice in speaking Spanish.16. C) The realities of stress.17. B) By getting the right amount of it. 18. A) Health.19. C) Teach people how to use stress effectively.20. C) Man has a strong desire for a modern way of life.21. A) The development of industry.22. D) To show great concern over the future of the modern society.23. C) To watch his favourite TV talk show.24. B) Eating apple jam.25. D) He found it hard to manage his boys home.26. be familiar with27. ideal28. is responsible for29. minimum30. responsibility31. particularly32. be too dependent on- 1 -33. administrative34. limited35. approachPart III Reading Comprehension36. E) promote37. G) incredibly38. K) regularly39. B) interfere40. I) depending41. M) experience42. O) recommends43. H) inclined44. J) published45. F) wonders46. B) 47. E) 48. G) 49. C) 50. I)51. F) 52. A) 53. H) 54. A) 55. D)56. B) The expense-list of a charter school was not transparent.57. D) They should get more strict supervision before new ones’ being set up.58. A) vulnerable spot59. C) They thought they had put a good control on charter schools.60. C) Approved.61. B) It changes how people seek and receive health care.62. D) To share information about their health care.63. D) leave out their visit to doctors’ offices and hospitals64. C) patients are starting to make use of their electronic medical records65. A) The Future of Your Medical DataPart IV TranslationConfucianism, established by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period, quickly be-came one of the pillars of Chinese culture. Confucian philosophy attaches great importance to eth-ics and interpersonal relationships and is concerned about the harmony and stability of the order of human society. It adopts the attitude of trying as much as possible to evade the illusory divine world or intensifying the concept through the transformation of divine world according to one’s own ide-ology. Confucianism has had a great influence on Chinese culture with its values permeating the life, thinking and customs of the Chinese people.- 2 -。

• To begin with, doing a good deed is the expression of one’s kindness. Offering proper rewards is not a contradiction to the traditional virtue; on the contrary, it serves as a contributing force to promote morality. Furthermore, giving people proper rewards for doing good deeds sends a clear signal that doing good deeds is noble and worth encouraging. Therefore more and more people will be willing to give their helping hands.
Model Test 与全国大多数其他城市的人相比，广州人 的平均收入很高、小康之家越来越多。
• Compared with people in most other Chinese cities, people in Guangzhou have quite high average income, and the number of well-to-do families has been rising steadily.
31-35 J G B C K 41-45 A D H C E 51-55 D B C A B
Should Rewards for Doing a Good Deed Be Promoted?
• Over the long Chinese history, doing a good deed without expectation of a reward has remained a traditional virtue. However, in recent years there has aroused a heated debate as to whether people should be rewarded for doing a good deed. As far as I am concerned, it is sensible to give rewards to those who do a good deed.

英语四级考试考前模拟试题与解析Part I: Listening Comprehension (40 marks)Section A: Short Conversations1. M: Are you going to attend the lecture on environmental protection this afternoon?W: No, I have a history class at the same time.Q: What is the woman's reason for not attending the lecture?A: She has a history class at the same time.2. W: Excuse me, is this seat taken?M: No, it's not. Please have a seat.Q: What does the man mean?A: The seat is available.Section B: Passages3. W: How did you like the museum?M: Oh, it was fantastic! They had an exhibition of ancient Chinese artifacts.Q: What does the man think of the museum?A: He thinks it's fantastic.4. W: Why did you switch your major from engineering to psychology?M: I found myself more interested in studying the human mind and behavior.Q: Why did the man switch his major?A: He was more interested in studying psychology.Part II: Reading Comprehension (60 marks)Section A: Multiple Choice QuestionsPassage One5. According to the passage, what is a major benefit of studying abroad?A: Experiencing a different culture.Passage Two6. What is the main idea of the passage?A: The impact of social media on mental health.Section B: True or False StatementsPassage Three7. The Great Barrier Reef is known for its rich marine biodiversity.A: TruePassage Four8. The author suggests that reducing meat consumption is essential for protecting the environment.A: TruePart III: Vocabulary and Structure (40 marks)9. Emily is very _____ about saving money, so she never buys anything that she doesn't need.A: thrifty10. The book, _____ "The Catcher in the Rye," has been assigned for our English literature class.A: titledPart IV: Translation (20 marks)11. Translate the following sentence into English:昨天我和我的朋友们一起去了海边度假。

大学英语四级考试试题及答案模板一、听力理解部分第一节：听力选择（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1. A2. B3. C4. A5. C6. B7. A8. C9. B10. A第二节：听力填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）11. relaxation12. ancient13. pollution14. reasonable15. investigation16. approach17. confident18. application19. increase20. reservation二、阅读理解部分第一篇21. B22. D23. A24. C25. B26. D27. A28. C第二篇29. D30. C31. C32. D33. B34. A35. C36. A37. D38. B39. A40. C三、综合英语部分第一节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）41. A42. C43. B44. D45. C46. A48. B49. D50. A51. C52. B53. C54. D55. A56. B57. A58. D59. C60. B第二节：语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）61. have returned62. where63. as64. for65. been repaired66. which67. to get68. more69. is known70. to四、写作部分作文题目：大学生就业问题及解决方案大学生就业问题及解决方案随着社会经济的发展，大学生就业问题日益成为社会关注的焦点。

本文将就大学生就业问题进行分析，并提出解决方案。

大学生就业问题主要体现在以下几个方面。

首先，数量上的压力。

每年大学毕业生人数的增加，使得就业市场竞争日益激烈。

其次，专业对口率低。

有些大学生所学专业与实际用工需求不匹配，导致大学生难以找到理想的工作。

2021年大学英语四级词汇模拟习题及答案（卷二）英语名词有数、格的变化，掌握它们才能在解题时对名词范围内的结构考题作分析、判断，得出正确的答案。

【例1】The school staff gathered to hear the president speak.A)is B)be C)are D)will【分析】staff 是集合名词，明显地强调某组织或集合体的成员，动词应取复数形式，所以C项正确。

类似的词还有：family, committee, police, cattle, audience, herd, crowd, troop, team等。

【例2】A large crowd expected at the football match.A)is B)be C)are D)will【分析】crowd 是集合名词，强调一个整体，具有单数意义，根据题意，A项正确。

【例3】Economics, several courses of which I have taken thus far, to be difficult but useful for almost all students.A)prove B)have been proved C)proves D)are proved【分析】句中several courses of which I have taken thus far 是非限定性定语从句,其前后用逗号与主句分开。

主句主语Economics是以s 结尾的表示学科名称的名词, 在句中作单数第三人称看待, 因此应选C项, 以求句中主谓一致。

英语中以s 结尾表示学科名称的名词很多，如：mathematics，statistics，politics，physics，phonetics等。

【例4】Her sister works in college but I don’t know which one.A)the women’s B) a women’s C)the women D) a women【分析】根据句意可以看出女子学院是泛指，不是特指，所以答案就在B、D选项中选一个，选哪一个，这就要按名词的所有格规则去判定。

四级参考答案Part I Writing四级英语参考范文：Studying AbroadRecent years have witnessed a phenomenon that more and more students swarm into foreign countries to presume their education. They have not considered our homeland as the unique place to enrich their knowledge any more. Instead, some excellent boys and girls whose financial condition is fine simultaneously began to pay their attention on some oversea prestigious colleges and institutions and dream to get degrees there.There are several reasons to cause this change. First of all, with the globalization and much more frequent communications with developed countries, most of the people in China get to realize the wide gaps in many fields, especially in science and technology, between China and western countries. They thirst for studying aboard to get ready better for the fierce competition in the job-hunting market. Moreover, the life in foreign countries is usually attractive to young people and studying aboard may satisfy their curiosity. Besides, the rapid development of our mother country and the remarkable growth in our income make going aboard to study available, which is almost impossible to average Chinese students in the past.The move-out of our students changes our society a lot. On one hand, being students in foreign universities will widen their view and offer them more possibility to get favorite jobs. And consequently their success will draw more latecomers to do the same thing. On the other hand, if the majority of them will not go back China to work in the future, our fatherland will probably suffer a significant loss which may be difficult to be estimated by money.Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)1. N2. N3. Y4. Y5. N6. NG7. Y8. swollen up9. Modern English10. native or spoken languagePart III Listening Comprehension11. B12. B13. C14. B15. B16. A17. C18. A19. C20. D21. D22. B23. C24. D25. A26. D27. C28. A29. B30. D31. A32. A33. A34. D35. C36. flood37. terrible38. exception39. accident40. fight41. expensive42. import43. residents44. In addition to the cost of owning a car, drivers in Singapore must pay to enter downtown on weekdays.45. Think about how many people own their own cars and use them for work and pleasure.46. Pollution from cars and trucks has already caused serious damage to the earth’s environment and it will get worse and worse.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)47. A48. K49. B50. G51. L52. M53. H54. J55. E56. I57. C58. A59. B60. A61. D62. B63. A64. B65. D66. CPart V Cloze67. C68. A69. D70. B71. A72. B73. D74. C75. A76. B77. A78. C79. D80. D81. A82. B83. B84. C85. D86. CPart VI Translation (5 minutes)87. There is growing agreement/realization88. I have some difficulty in recognizing her89. Taking into account all these factors90. is on the rise91. maximize the capacity of each students四级考试听力原文Part III Listing Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer, then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line though the centre.11.M:What is it like working in that coffee shop?W:Well, the environment is fine, but the salary is kind of low, and sometimes it is a bit too noisy. I’m not really sure why a lot of people like hanging out there.Q:What can we conclude from the conversation?12.W:Did you enjoy watching Transformers? I mean all the fighting, the plot, and especially the sound and the way they changetheir shapes.That’s awesome!M:Yeah, I know. That’s the greatest hit of this year and it recalls many of my good memories of my childhood.Q:What are the speakers talking about?13.M:I have an appointment with Doctor Williams at 12:20.W:I’m quite sorry, but you are 20 minutes late. Doctor Williams is with another patient. Take a seat and he will probably be with you soon.Q:What’s the time now?14.W:Tom, how come you are still chatting online? Isn’t there a big exam coming up next week?M:I’m just asking Jane some questions that puzzle me and I assure you that they are related to the exam and I will get back to my books soon.Q:What is the probable relationship between the speakers?15.W:Let’s see what you got Mary for her birthday? She’s my best friend in the class, and I hope you won’t make me embarrassed.M:I was thinking about buying a dress for her, but I’m not sure about her size, so I turned my focus to the watch I mentioned last week, but considering the budget I made up my mind getting her the Barbie Girl instead.Q:What did the man buy for Mary?16.M:To stay or to go?W:Stay? Are you kidding me! Look at the mess here in the shop. I bet they never hire any cleaners to take care of it, and after all, we don’t have that much to take, do we?Q:What does the woman mean?17.W: Look at the long waiting line, I’d rather have a sandwich instead. I just don’t get it why Japanese dishes are so popular here.M:Well, this is the only place in town where you can get something Japanese to enjoy, and it just opened last week. Everyone wants to take a fresh bite of the Japanese sushi, and isn’t that the same reason why you are here?Q:Where does this conversation probably take place?18.M: You’d better not be too sure of your decision. There’s always something out there you won’t be expecting.W: Well, you never know what it will turn out to be until you get it startedQ: What can we conclude from the conversation?Conversation OneW:Hello. This is American Airlines.M:Excuse me, I’d like to get my ticket changed because I can’t make the trip to Boston this afternoon.W:Your name and the flight number, please?M:Bob Anderson and the flight number is AA6024.W:Just a minute. Mr. Anderson…oh yes, Mr. Anderson! 2 o’clock flight to Boston.M:That’s right. Is there a seat available for tomorrow morning?W:Let me see. I’m sorry the earliest flight I can arrange for you is on Saturday. As you know, all the flights to Boston have been cancelled due to the heavy fog.M:OK! How about the flights on Saturday morning?W:There is a direct flight at 8 o’clock but it is full. If you do not mind transferring in New York, I can reserve a seat for you, 4 o’clock flight in the afternoon.M:I think I’ve got no choice. Thanks a lot for your advice. What time do you start check-in?W:Two hours before departure time. You must check-in at least one hour before.M:Thank you very much. Ah…you know, it’s the first time I travel abroad, I wonder whether I can get some useful information about the city at the airport.W:Sure. You can resort to the tourist information right at the airport if you have any problems. They can provide information on transportation, accommodation, tourist attractions and so on.M:Thank you.Questions1 9 to 21 are based on the longer conversation you have just heard.19.What can we learn from the conversation?20.What is the woman’s suggestion?21.According to the new reservation, at least when should the man reach the airport for check-in?Conversation TwoM:Hello, Donna! So you've looked into whether online shopping really saves money.W:Quite right!M:But today people turn to the web for everything from books to clothing.W:I know. It’s no doubt you can find anything online. The question is can you find it cheaper?M:We know you’ve done some comparison in shopping. Any findings?W:All right. If you shop online, you probably will not find a better deal, household goods, for example. I went to several online websites to find Scott 8-pack of paper towels, but I couldn’t even find it easily.M:Oh, really?W:Then I went to my local Wal-Mart, and not only did I find it, I found it about 2 dollars cheaper than the same one I found online. M:What about some of the other products, such as food?W:Food was about exactly the same price online as it was in the store. I even found the cheese at one place slightly cheaper than my local store, but I had to pay a shipping fee, which can be anywhere from 5 dollars to 10 dollars.M:Oh, that’ll be a lot of money.W:Yes. You’re always paying more. You have to pay for that convenience.M:And people say, you know, it’s ok for a little convenience, it’s worth the extra money. How would you argue with that?W:I have to say that if you are going to order things online, it doesn’t always come perfectly. Sometimes the food leaks, sometimes it’s not what you ordered, so it can be convenient, but there can be snag, um, some glitches as well.M:So it is often a good idea to buy it online and pick it up at the store, as you said in your article.W:Sure. If you shop this way, you can save the shipping fee. It is usually a big drawback to shop online that you always have to paya shipping fee. The bigger the product, the bigger the item, and the more you have to pay in shipping.M:Donna, thank you so much for the information.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the longer conversation you have just heard.22.What problem did Donna put forward concerning online shopping at the beginning of the conversation?23.What did Donna say about the household goods she tried to get online?24.What’s Donna’s opinion about the convenience provided by online shopping?25.According to Donna, what can people avoid paying if they buy something online and pick it up at the store?Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.Passage OneIn the United States, a new trend of education has caught a lot of people’s eyes, that is—the green chemistry lessons. The main principle of the idea is, chemical processes and products can be designed without using toxins or generating hazardous waste.Statistics show, though more than 600 colleges have chemistry programs, only about a dozen teach green chemistry, 5 of themlist green chemistry as a compulsory course. But that number is growing.Students embrace the idea, and the most important reason is, green chemistry can bring them job opportunities. Businesses are now seeking graduates with backgrounds in green chemistry, because it can help them make or save money in the development, manufacturing, disposal and cleanup of products. Just as expert on education, Mr. Johnson has pointed out: "The green theory on the course book is useless unless it turns out to be profitable. You know, green is also the color of money,"We can anticipate that in the near future, all chemistry taught in the world's universities is considered green.Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.How many colleges in the United States have green chemistry lessons?27.Why do students show interests on green chemistry?28.What is the speakers’ opinion of green chemistry?Passage TwoTraditionally, when a man invites a woman out on a date, he picks her up at her home, pays all the expenses for the evening, and takes her home at the end of the evening. Prior to Women’s Liberation, the woman was expected to sit at home by the phone and wait and hope for the man of her dreams to call her. Today’s liberated woman may take the initiative in suggesting an evening together by inviting a man she likes to a party, to a home-cooked meal, or to an evening at the theatre. If she does the inviting, she pays for at least part of the evening’s expenses. Often, a man and a woman who are friends but not romantically involved go out together Dutch treat, which means that each person pays his or her own way.Today many men working in the USA have a female boss. Men who come from countries in which the woman’s place is still in the home may find it difficult to take orders from a woman. But in the USA, 44% of the work force is female, and many women are judges, doctors, company presidents, college presidents, and entrepreneurs. It is important for men to respect a person who holds a position of responsibility and authority, whether that person is male or female. T treat a woman as inferior just because she is female is not only insulting but also out of step with contemporary American culture.Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.How did a man and a woman date traditionally?30.According to the passage, what will happen if today’s liberated woman does the inviting to a man?31.According to what you’ve heard, which statement is NOT true about today’s American women?Passage ThreeThe animals you would have seen on a typical farm in Massachusetts in the early 1800’s would not look quite the same as the ones you might see in the 1980’s. In colonial times settlers brought cattle and sheep with them to America from various parts of Europe. Because the settlers were busy building houses, clearing land and planting crops. They had little time to care for their animals. The cattle and sheep had to fend for themselves and females were bred to whatever bulls or rams were in the neighborhood. These matings resulted in mixed breeds of cattle and sheep that were hardly enough to survive under adverse conditions. As the herds grew, they provided the settlers with meat as well as milk and wool. That was almost all the 19th century farm families needed, enough food for themselves and a little surplus that could be traded for things they couldn’t produce at home. Now the survival of farm animals is not so precarious. Breeding is much more selective and specialized, purebred cattle and sheep predominate, some bred for their meat, others for their milk or wool.Questions 32 to 34 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.What is the main topic of the passage?33.What does the speaker say about where early Massachusetts farm animals came from?34.According to the speaker, what activity did the settlers consider least important?35.What did 19th-century farm families do with most of their farm products?Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In many big Asian cities, such as Seoul and Tokyo, there is a flood of cars, trucks and buses on the streets. This has caused terrible traffic jams that pollute the air.One large city, Singapore, is an exception. There are no traffic jams. Its air is clean－—free from pollution. It only takes fifteen minutes to drive from the city to the airport.This happy situation is no accident. It is the result of a government program to fight air pollution and traffic jams. The government had simply made it very expensive to own and drive a car in Singapore. The program requires anyone who wants a car to buy a permit.A 10-year permit to own a car can cost as much as US$75,000. and when you add sales and import taxes of 195 percent to the cost of buying a car, residents of Singapore might pay over US$250,000 to get a car and a permit.In addition to the cost of owning a car, drivers in Singapore must pay to enter downtown on weekdays. And there is a big tax on gasoline.As nice as this sounds, it might not work in other places. Think about your city. Think about how many people own their own cars and use them for work and pleasure. How would everyone feel if it became too expensive to own and drive cars?Clearly, something must be done to change people’s lifestyles in the world’s large cities. Pollution from cars and trucks has already caused serious damage to the earth’s environment and it will get worse and worse. Perhaps Singapore has the right answer after all.。

专业英语四级（听力）模拟试卷402(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.听力原文：MusicMusic is the abstract art of arranging vocal or instrumental sounds in a manner that produces a flowing, unified and thoughtful composition that has melody, harmony, rhythm. In contrast to the other arts, music is not a readily tangible form of expression. Music may be called both the most mathematical and the most abstract of the arts. Unlike words, images, or dance, however, musical tones in themselves have no concrete associations, and only gain meaning when they are combined into patterns. Music is an important part of our lives, and has been an important part of every civilization known to man.1．正确答案：MusicMusic is the abstract art of arranging vocal or instrumental sounds in a manner that produces a flowing, unified and thoughtful composition that has melody, harmony, rhythm. In contrast to the other arts, music is not a readily tangible form of expression. Music may be called both the most mathematical and the most abstract of the arts. Unlike words, images, or dance, however, musical tones in themselves have no concrete associations, and only gain meaning when they are combined into patterns. Music is an important part of our lives, and has been an important part of every civilization known to man. 涉及知识点：听力PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Reading Skills and StrategiesGood morning, everyone. Today we’ll talk about reading skills and strategies. Reading is a great habit that can truly change our life forever. Reading purely for leisure is fun, but there exist certain reading skills and strategies, which if mastered at an early stage can help us be better and comprehensive readers.The first reading strategy we’re going to talk about isspeed-reading. The aim of speed-reading is basically to increase the reading speed without influencing the understanding of what you’re reading. Some of the strategies used in speed reading include: identifying words without focusing on each letter, not sounding out all words, spending less time on some phrases than others, and skimming through small sections.Next strategy is active reading. There are times when you just cannot afford to skim through or scan through the text but need to get an in-depth understanding of what you’re reading and hence you need to make sure you’re actively involved. There are four important points that you need to keep in mind during active reading. First, identify the most important parts of the text according to your own understanding and highlight or underline them using a pencil or a marker while you are reading. You can even use different colors to highlight diverse aspects of the text. Second, jot down the headings as you read the detail, using one or two keywords for each point. Third, before you start reading, write down all the questions you want to answer. This helps you to read accordingly and ensures that you get the answers to all your questions and don’t get distracted while reading. Fourth, after you’ve read one complete section of the text, summarize that portion in your own words. Later, go through the text again to check how accurate your summary was and modify or upgrade it in case you’ve left out any details.Now, let’s take a look at the last strategy, SQ3R, which is the abbreviation of five words indicating the five steps involved in this strategy. They are Survey, Question, Read, Recite, and Review. This method facilitates a very deep understanding of the matter that is being read. The first step, Survey, includes getting a quick idea of what the whole writing piece is about. The second step, Question, means to create questions in your mind and look for the answers while you are reading the text. The third step is to read selectively if you are looking for specifics. Learn to find out the portions of the text that are important to you and move over. The fourth step is Recite, which means to try and answer the questions raised in the second step in your own words. The last step is to review or summarize the entire text in your mind.OK, today we’ve talked about three reading strategies. I hope these strategies can enhance your reading process and help you get the most out of any book or any text that you lay your eyes on.Reading Skills and Strategies1. Speed reading■Aim: to increase reading speed without 【T1】______ understanding 【T1】______■Strategies■Identifying 【T2】______ without focusing on each letter 【T2】______■Not 【T3】______ all words 【T3】______■Spending less tune on some phrases than others■【T4】______through small sections 【T4】______2. Active reading ■Aim: to get an 【T5】______ understanding 【T5】______■Key points■【T6】______ the most important parts 【T6】______■Use one or two 【T7】______ for headings 【T7】______■Prepare questions before you start reading■Summarize finished portion in your own words■Go through the text again and check3. SQ3R strategy■Aim: to help a deep understanding■Steps■Survey: to get a quick idea of the writing■Question: to create questions and look for the answers■Read: to read 【T8】______ if looking for specifics 【T8】______■【T9】______ : to try and answer the questions 【T9】______■Review:to 【T10】______ the entire text in your mind 【T10】______ 2．【T1】正确答案：influencing解析：本题考查分述点的把握，要求补全speed-reading(快速阅读)的目的。

英语四级模考试题（1）Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to maintain a healthy lifestyle. You should writePart II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.To test teenagers ’knowledge about cellphones.To help improve teenagers ’information-seeking ability.To inspire young people to be creative with cellphones.To collect ideas of designing cellphones from young people.2.They should be presented without any editing.They don ’t have to include any type of audio.They don ’t have to present a complete plot.They should be shot entirely with cellphones.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.To protect other Ugandan opposition politicians.To respond to the charges from Uganda authorities.To run for the next year ’s presidential election.To get together with his supporters in Uganda.4.The nation ’s economy will be deeply a ffected.The nation ’s first multi-party elections tend to be undermined.The nation ’s role model position in the region will be threatened.The nation ’s relationship with its neighbors will worsen.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A.B.C.D.A. B.C. D.A. B.C. D.A.B.C.D.It ’s hot and horrible.It ’s strangely hot and dry.It ’s extremely cold and wet.It ’s cold and terrible.6.Human activities which break the natural balance.Geographical conditions surrounded by oceans.Global warming and a super strong EI Nino.Too many hot and wet days in these areas.7.Record frosts.Record winds.Record snows.Record rain.Questions 8 to 11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.The bookstore.The library.The dormitory.The classroom.9.Science books.Writing books.Literature books.Grammar books.10.It will be too simple for her to read.It will be useful for her to study grammar.It will cost her a large sum of money.It will help her solve problems in writing.11.He recommended a bookstore to the woman.He considered reading some writing books.He bought a grammar book last Monday.He knew how to quickly improve writing.Questions 12to 15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.Lots of people are traveling and taking vacations.Lots of people are planning trips to Singapore.Lots of people purchase luxury goods overseas.Lots of people enjoy living in modern cities.13.Because it is highly modernized.Because it is very clean and tidy.A. B.C. D.A. B.C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.C. D.A. B.C. D.A. B.C. D.A. B.Because it has di fferent cultures and customs.Because it has a good shopping environment.14.Disappointed SacredImpressed Ordinary15.The lack of funds for traveling.The loneliness of traveling alone.The feeling of being unsettled while traveling.The unpredictable danger along with the travel.Questions 16to 18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.Enjoy automatic credit in many places.Know more about banking services.Win more trusts from shopkeepers.Accumulate more and more wealth.17.It ’s far away from them.It ’s already here with them.It won ’t change their lives.It won ’t make banks disappear.18.The use of credit cards in people ’s daily lives.The application of electronic cash registers.The conveniences of using computers in business.The importance of automation in enterprises.Questions 19to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.Because they can enjoy themselves while entertaining clients.Because they can better understand their clients in a relaxing place.Because they want to have more private contacts with their clients.Because they want to prevent colleagues from grabbing their clients.20.They will think it ’s a business talk.They will think it ’s a private gathering.They will think it ’s a productive meeting.They will think it ’s an unusual appointment.C. D.A. B. C. D.A. B.C. D.A. B.C. D.A. B.C. D.A. B.C. D.A.B.C.D.A. B.C. D.21.Because she wants them to believe she is on business.Because she wants them to admire her work e fficiency.Because she wants to dine near the company for safety.Because she wants to be seen and recognized by her boss.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.Because there are no clear road signs.Because there are no tour guide services.Because its buildings spread over the city.Because its buildings are quite similar.23.They choose their own students.They teach their own students in large groups.They organize lectures for their own students.They specify their own exam contents.24.Most of them are owned by the government.There are many specialized subject libraries.They collect numerous precious ancient books.They all preserve copies of books published in Britain.25.They exceeded men in winning Nobel Prizes.They showed greater interests in research.They weren ’t allowed to take exams in 1881.They weren ’t granted degrees until 1948.Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)A few years ago, I was o ffered a writing assignment that would require travelling through Europe for three months.I had been abroad a of times,but I could hardly claim to know my way around the continent.What ’s more, my knowledge of foreign languages was to a little college French.At first I hesitated.Being unable to speak the language and completely unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems,how would I set up and do research? It seemed impossible. With regret I satA.B.C.D.A. B.C. D.A. B.C. D.A.B.C.D.A. B.C. D.26272829down to write a letter begging o ff. However, halfway through, a thought ran through my mind:you can ’t learn if you don ’t try. In the end I accepted the assignment.There were some bad moments.But by the time I had finished the trip I was an traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to for even the most remote place, without guiders or even advanced bookings,con fident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new,the di fferent, is almost by scary. But each time you try something,you learn,and as the learning up,the world opens to you.I ’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a balloon. And I ’ll go on doing such things. It ’s not because I ’m more courageous or more daring than others.I ’m not. But I ’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can wonders.interviews head limited vainly urgent piles entrance considerable de finition declines experienced accomplishcoupledeclarede finitelyIs College a Worthy Investment?A ）Why are we spending so much money on college? And why are we so unhappy about it? It seems widely considered that college education is great and necessary, but somehow we are worried when seeing the tuition fees.It ’s perhaps well to ask a question that seems almost sacrilegious (⼤不敬的):is it worthwhile to invest so much in college education? The answer, I fear, is no.For an increasing number of kids, the extra time and money spent pursuing a college diploma will leave them worse o ffthan they were before they set foot on campus.B ）For my entire adult life, a good education has been the most important thing for middle-classhouseholds. My parents spent a lot of money in providing better education for me and my sister, which even exceeds the amount on their house, and they ’re not the only ones.Moreover, for more and more families,the fact is they are paying for living in a good school district rather than merely the house. Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning the value of happiness, or fun.C ）The average price of all goods and services has risen by about 50 percent. But the price of a college education has increased nearly 100 percent during the same time. Is today's education twice as good as before? Are new workers twice as smarter? Has the cost of education somehow increased sharply?303132333435A. B. C. D.E. F.G.H.I.J.K.L.M.N.O.D）Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder, an Ohio University economics professor, says,“According to the data, college costs were growing at a rate of1%higher than inflation up to the mid-1980s.Now they are increasing by3 to 4 percentage points faster than inflation. What has happened?The federal government has started dropping money out of airplanes.” Aid has increased,subsidized (补贴的) loans have become available, and “the universities have gotten the money.”Economist Bryan Caplan, the author of a book about education, agrees:“It’s a giant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue.”E）Promotional materials for colleges and student loans often describe debt as an “investment in yourself.”But an investment should be able to generate income to pay offthe loans.More than half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree, and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households has increased more than five times since 1999. These graduates were told that they need nothing but a diploma to succeed,but it won’t even ensure them an independent life. For many, the most significant result of their four years is the loan payments.They are under the pressure of owing tens of thousands, and paying back hundreds of dollars per month on average.F）It’s partly correct about the money. College graduates are able to earn 80 percent more than people with only a high school education. Although no precise estimates are available, the wage premium (⾼出的部分) for elite universities tends to be even higher. But that doesn't apply to every student. It’s very likely that you spend four years majoring in English literature without making yourself more employable. On the contrary, chemical engineers,once graduated from school, can easily make nearly four times the wages of entry-level high-school graduates.G）James Heckman, an economist who won the Nobel Prize, has studied when it comes to the returns on education, how they differ in accordance with different backgrounds and levels of ability. “Even with these high prices,some smart and motivated people can still get a high return,”he says.On the other hand,“if you’re not ready for college, then the answer is no,it’s not with it.”Experts believe that for the average student, college is still worth it today, but they also agree that the potential return is constantly dwindling since the price is increasing rapidly. For borderline students,the return may be unable to cover the rising tuition (学费).H）We all seem to agree that it is high time for both parents and the government to rethink how we invest in higher education. And employers should take another look at increasingly using college diploma as crude screening tools for jobs that don’t really require college skills.When employers are looking for people to fill jobs and seeing the oversupply of college graduates,they begin to require higher degrees.“In fact, a college degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bar-tender.”I ）There are also some changes on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10percent of their income and forgives the rest of their debts after 25 years.But of course,the law just shifts the burden to taxpayers instead of controlling the cost of education. It also encourages graduates to choose careers with low pay, which further reduces the financial return to education. “You ’re subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth, whether you want it or not.”says Heckman.And it will be expensive for the government.J ）The way to lessen the financial stress of the government is getting more kids to work.Caplan points out that kids can also learn valuable skills from working,especially for those who don ’t love sitting in a classroom. Heckman and Caplan see eye to eye on this: “People are di fferent, and those abilities can be shaped.That ’s what we ’ve learned,and public policy should take it into consideration.”K ）Heckman says it would be great if more apprenticeship-style (学徒式) programs emerge, where kids can learn in the workplace —learn not just speci fic job skills,but the kind of “soft skills,” such as going to work on time and getting on well with colleagues,which are important for career success. “It ’s about having instructors and having workplace-based education,”he says.“And there have been many successful examples of this kind of program.”L ）Ah, but how do we carry that out? It depends not only on wiser public policy, hopefully, but also on better individual decisions.“Historically markets have been able to handle these things,”says Vedder, “and I believe markets will handle this one in the end.If it doesn ’t improve soon, someday people may wake up with the question: ‘why am I going to college?’”Caplan suggests that kids who don ’t love school going to work can relieve the burden of government.More kids should be encouraged to participate in programs where they can learn not only job skills but also social skills.Subsidized loans to college students are a huge waste of money, according to one economist.There ’s a law that permits students to pay their loans with no more than one tenth of their income.40. Middle-class families have attached great importance to a high quality education.More and more kids find it hard to fare any better with a college diploma.Employers should rethink whether it is necessary to filter out applicants without college degrees.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.For those who are not prepared for higher education, going to college does not pay o ff.Over the years,the cost of a college education has increased twofold.Over fifty percent of recent college graduates are unable to find a suitable job,or even worse any job.According to the psychiatrists (精神病专家) who work with late-life parents,maturity is a great advantage for child raising —older parents are more considerate, take less corporal(⾁体的) punishment and spend more time with their children. However, money and vigour are indispensable for children rearing.Many older parents are facing limited economic resources,decreasing vigour and declining health and trying to balance them with the increasing demand of a dynamic kid.For these parents,death and leaving their young kids will be the greatest fear, which is usually unstated.An economics professor claims having children in late life often signi fies parents,especially fathers,“end up retiring much later.”For many parents,retirement is an itch(渴望) they cannot reach.Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old reporter, understands that money is needed for children rearing.However, he ’s much concerned that he will be tired out first. De finitely he can still cycle with his fit child in the fifth grade,yet he has realized that young at heart doesn ’t mean young.Recently he has been taking afternoon naps (午睡) to maintain his energy. “My body is getting old and you can't avoid it,”says Metcalf.Usually, older parents hear the ticking of another biological clock.The therapists working with middle-aged and elderly parents say that being afraid of aging is nothing ridiculous.As a psychological specialist in New York,Joann Galst says,“These older parents are anxious that they will be wrongly identi fied as grandparents,or they will have di fficulties in standing up from those little chairs in kindergarten.”However, among these trivial fears,the greatest one is this: they are much worried that they won ’t have enough time left to help and protect their kids.However, for many older parents,their children are well-timed gifts.Marilyn Nolan and her husband,Randy,got married late and went through many years of fertility (受孕) treatment. Finally, they had twins."We both longed for children,"said Marilyn, who was 55 years old when she gave birth. The newborn have rendered the couple "a sense of family", which they yearned for years.Due to the late-life fathers spending more time with their children, these kids are usually cleverer, happier and more sociable. Dr Silber says,“These fathers are older and more mature, so they are better prepared for concentrating on parenting.”43.44.45.Why is maturity an advantage for raising children according to psychiatrists?Late-life parents are often economically te-life parents can look after their kids te-life parents are more skillful at rearing te-life parents are good at balancing work and family.What do we learn about the retirement of late-life parents?They would like to continue working after retirement age.They cannot get bene fits unless they work a few more years.They have to postpone retirement for the sake of children.They cannot receive the retirement pay they have longed for.What does the example of Henry Metcalf intend to show us?Older parents may pay closer attention to their aging bodies.Older parents need to do more sport for better children rearing.A ffected by their children, older parents are always young in spirit.Taking afternoon naps is a good method to keep up people ’s energy.What does the psychologist Joann Galst think is the biggest fear of older parents?Being identi fied as grandparents.Being unable to stand up from chairs.Leaving their children with no one to count on.Changing their life style for their young children.What do Marilyn and Randy Nolen tell us?They didn ’t prepare for pregnancy in the early years of marriage.The fertility treatment was e ffective to all infertile patients.Their babies were presents that completed a family.The late-life child didn ’t come at the right time.In the long and tense election, all people have kept their eyes on the presidential candidates and what they will do to change the US. That is true, yet honestly speaking,I sel fishly pay more attention to Michelle Obama and what she can do, not only for America, but also for me as an African-American woman. As the possible46.A.B.C.D.47.A.B.C.D.48.A.B.C.D.49.A.B.C.D.50.A.B.C.D.First Lady, she will be in the spotlight of the world.It is the first time that people have the opportunity to closely and personally get to know the type of African-American women whom they are not familiar with.Generally, there is no examination over most black women ’s lives.It is common to think we are single mothers,always bad tempered and cannot keep our partners.Even in this fantasy world,black women cannot get rid of the stereotype that we are eye-rolling,oversexed and reared by the never-married,alcoholic mothers.Such images have limited the way people think of all black females,including Michelle Obama. Compared with seizing the opportunity to fling herself into a cause, charity or foundation, the most prior, urgent and complex task for Michelle Obama will be just to be herself.This task is much di fficult as there are few in-depth feature articles of regular African-American women in the popular publications.Thus,few people know us,neither our thoughts nor the problems we are dealing with. Whether good or bad,Michelle will act on our behalf.For Michelle Obama, there are not only opponents,but also supporters who basically care little about the First Lady. In their blogs,many African-American women have written about what they expect Michelle to provide for the White House —mostly telling the world a black woman can help the husband and rear a good black family. It is not possible for Michelle to make all people satis fied,yet she has to try. However, for most African-American women including me, a bit of her calmness, con fidence and intelligence will be a great help in changing the prevailing biased image of African-American women.Why does the author pay more attention to Michelle Obama?She will work for the greater interests of African-Americans.She is the first African-American woman as a presidential candidate.She will show a new image of African-American women to the world.She sets a good example for African-American women on career success.What do we learn about the stereotype of African-American women?They have undergone violence from childhood.They have an awful personal and family life.They have exaggerated facial expressions.They have no interest in getting married.What may be the reason why few people know African-American women?Lack of detailed features about them in mainstream publications.51.A.B.C.D.52.A. B.C. D.53.A.Their incompetence to squeeze into the upper class in America.The routine of white people holding the power in the government.The education that teaches them to keep a low pro file in public.What is the expectation of many African-Americans for Michelle in their blogs?Conducting herself as a lady.Being a good wife and mother.Improving the Africans ’livings.Living up to the hope of her fans.What is Michelle Obama supposed to do for most African-American women?Seek to be the greatest First Lady in the history.Assist her husband to take charge of the country.Help change the long-standing prejudice of black women.Displaying her strengths and virtues in front of the public.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.年糕（rice cake ）是中华⺠族的传统⻝物，具有悠久的历史。

modeltest2,band4——大学英语四级模拟题Model Test 2, Band 4Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: City Problems. You should write at least 150 words, following the outline given below in Chinese: 1．越来越多的人涌人大城市，有些问题随之产生2．比较明显的问题有……3．我对这种现象的想法City Problems作文请写在批改网上；用户登录后，点击“自测作文”，在弹出的页面上操作。

没有账户或者忘记账户的同学可重新注册Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Paper--More than Meets the EyeWe are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is. There are many varieties and grades of paper materials, and whilst it is fairly easy to spot the varieties, it is far more difficult to spot the grades.It needs to be understood that most paper and card is manufactured for a specific purpose, so that whilst the corn-flake packet may look smart, it is clearly notsomething destined for the archives. It is made to look good,but only needs a limited life span. It is also much cheaper to manufacture than high grade card.Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose-based material which will include many woods, cottons and grasses or which papyrus is an example and from where we get the word "paper". Many of these are very specialized, but the superiority of paper materials has been from soft wood and cotton or rags, with the bulk being wood-based.Paper from WoodIn order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands. Firstly by powerful machinery and then boiled with strong alkalies such as caustic soda, until a fine pulp of cellulose fibers is produced. It is from this pulp that the final product is made, relying on the bonding together of the cellulose into layers. That, in a very small nutshell, is the essence of paper making from wood. However, the reality is rather more complicated. In order to give us our white paper and card, the makers will add bleach and other materials such as china clay and additional chemicals.A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose. Something called lignin. This is essential for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together, but if it is incorporated into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem. Lignin eventually breaks down and releases acid products into the paper. This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle and look rather brown and careworn. We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books.It has been estimated that most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years. Not what we need for ourarchives.Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture, the obvious question is "why is it left in the paper" The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable part of the tree. By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield from a tree to some 95%. Removing it means a yield of only 35%. It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications.It also means, of course, that lignin-free paper is going to be more expensive, but that is nevertheless what the archivist must look for in his supplies. There is no point whatsoever in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten their demise. Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials, causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish!So, how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable You cannot do it by simply looking, and rather disappointingly, you cannot always rely on the label. "Acid-free" might be true inasmuch as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material at this time. But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down, and in the right conditions it will speed up enormously.Added to this, as I have indicated earlier, paper may also contain other materials added during manufacture such as bleach, china clay, chemical whiteners and size. This looks like a bleak picture, and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell. If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in, or printing on, the correct material then this is probably the only way.Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to material. Lining old shoe boxes with good quality acid-free paper will dolittle to guard the contents. The acid will get there in the end.Paper from RagPaper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste. This has the advantage of being lignin-free, but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees, it also tends to be much more expensive than wood pulp paper. You will still need to purchase from a reliable source though, since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable additives.A reliable source for quality rag papers is a recognized art stockiest. Many water color artists insist on using only fine quality rag paper and board.The main lesson to learn from this information is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials from the high street. The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers. It may cost rather more, but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible.1. The corn-flake packet is cheaper than ________.[A] high grade card[B] middle grade card[C] low grade card[D] any grade card2. There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper, but the superiority ones are ________.[A] woods, cottons and grasses[B] soft wood and cotton[C] soft wood, cotton and rags[D] cottons and grasses3. During the whole manufacturing process, the final product is made from________.[A] strong alkalies[B] caustic soda[C] cellulose fibres[D] a pulp of cellulose fibres4. In order to make white paper and card, the makers will add ________.[A] albescent[B] bleach[C] escharotic[D] lysozyme5. ________ is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break.[A] Acid[B] Alkali[C] Cellulose fibres[D] Liguin6. Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture, because________.[A] leaving the lignin will decrease his paper yield[B] leaving the lignin will increase paper yield[C] liguin is very useful in the process[D] lignin is essential for making paper7. ________ is particularly harmful to photographic materials,[A] Liguin[B] Bleach[C] Acid[D] Chemical whiteners8. Incidentally, acids can migrate from material to ___________.9. Although free of lignin, paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paperbecause___________.10. What we can learn from "Paper from Rag" is that you had better buy archival materials from___________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section A11. [A] The man was confused about the date of the appointment.[B] The man wants to change the date of the appointment.[C] The man is glad he’s got in touch with the doctor.[D] The man can’t come for the appointment at 4:15.12. [A] Wait for him until he finishes his class.[B] Invite Judie to play instead.[C] Cancel the game and stay at home.[D] Go to attend the class with him.13. [A] She was considerate.[B] She was unforgiving.[C] She was apologetic.[D] She was sympathetic.14. [A] It is totally different this time.[B] It has nothing to do with the textbook.[C] M ost of the questions aren’t from the textbook.[D] Half of the questions are in the textbook.15. [A] He can’t afford to buy the ticket.[B] He needs a break from the math problem.[C] He doesn’t want to go to the opera.[D] He’ll meet the wom an when he has finished the math problem.16. [A] Professor Harrison d oesn’t teach well.[B] The woman doesn’t have to borrow notes from Jim.[C] Jim’s notes are good for the woman to borrow.[D] The woman shouldn’t have been absent-minded in thelecture.17. [A] She would mark the exam papers herself.[B] She would not give her students an exam.[C] She would collect the exam papers herself.[D] Her teaching assistant would grade the exam papers.18. [A] He’s eager to start his new job.[B] His job starts early next week.[C] He believes the job interview went well.[D] His professor was mistaken about the job.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation youhave just heard.19. [A] The country.[B] Another country.[C] Cornfield.[D] Birmingham.20. [A] He might get his passport.[B] He might get some money and clothes.[C] He might make himself armed.[D] He might make a call.21. [A] He will meet her in another country.[B] They will go to another country together.[C] He will leave her in the country.[D] He will appear somewhere near her.22. [A] By air.[B] By car.[C] By sea.[D] By train.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] They left their pets with neighbors.[B] They rented their house to a student.[C] They hired someone to stay in their home.[D] They asked their gardener to watch their house.24. [A] They look at a house sitter’s score report.[B] They intervi ew a house sitter’s friends.[C] They check a house sitter’s references.[D] They attend a house sitter’s party.25. [A] The homeowner is afraid of being accused.[B] The house sitter pleads again and again.[C] Most house-sitters are very poor.[D] The homeowner doesn’t want to bother.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] Neutral.[B] Opposed.[C] Approving.[D] Supportive.27. [A] Because FDA approved them.[B] Because they cannot read the labels.[C] Because they support the new technique.[D] Because they cannot tell which one is the cloned food.28. [A] More and more people accept cloned milk and meat.[B] FDA approved that cloned food is safe for human beings.[C] American farmers produce more milk than the people can consume.[D] Because more milk is produced by cloned cows, the milk price is reduced.29. [A] It may cause unintended bad results to human beings.[B] It is developed well enough to clone human beings.[C] It will bring more unexpected economic benefits.[D] It is supported by ethicists and religiousleaders.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] T o tell us how much time the new bridge will spend.[B] To tell us how much money the new bridge will cost.[C] To tell us China has started to build the longest bridge across the sea in the world.[D] To tell us why China began to build the longest bridge across the sea in the world.31. [A] 120kms.[B] 184kms.[C] 268kms.[D] 304kms.32. [A] To make it easy to enjoy the beautiful scene of the sea.[B] To show China’s growing economic power.[C] To help develop economy.[D] To do wonders.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] Ask for their names.[B] Name babies after them.[C] Put down their names.[D] Choose names for them.34. [A] If the family tree is fairly limited.[B] If the family tie is strong enough.[C] If the name is commonly used.[D] If nobody in the family complains.35. [A] It will show the beauty of its own.[B] It will develop more associations.[C] It will lose the original meaning.[D] It will help form the baby’s personality.Section CSixteen-year-old Michael Viscardsi of San Diego won first prize in the Siemens Westinghouse Competition in Math, Science and Technology. He showed (36) ________ to a nineteen-century math problem.Michael has been (37) ________ by his mother, who has a doctorate in neuroscience. He also worked on his project with a professor at a university.The National Center for Education Statistics did its (38) ________ research on home-schooling in 2003. Researchers (39) ________ that more than one million American students learned at home. That was more than two percent of the school-age population.Michael Viscardsi, for example, has been taught mostly at home, but with (40) ________ math classes at a local university.The researchers asked parents why they home-schooled their children. Thirty-one percent said the most important reason was (41) ________ about the environment of the local schools. Thirty percent said it was to provide (42) ________ instruction. Sixteen percent said they were not satisfied with the quality of the (43) ________ in the local schools.(44)___________________________________________________ _. An education expert said much of this increase was in cities withhistories of racial tension. Also, (45) _____________________________________________.Critics of home-schooling say children need to attend school to help them learn social skills. They also say that home-schooled children do not get a very good education. Still, (46) ________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word fit each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank bellowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before trucking your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __47__ performance at work and school. Cognitive(认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __48__ and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, __49__ among educators. But the careful use of small __50__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激) indeed __51__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __52__ task, they show the most creativity,”says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __53__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for __54__ achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and __55__ failing grades.In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows __56__ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.A) mentalB) promiseC) killD) avoidE) hopeF) especiallyG) aidH) ordinaryI) approvalJ) monetaryK) generallyL) improveM) challengingN) restoreO) excellent47. __________48. __________49. __________50. __________51. __________52. __________53. __________54. __________55. __________56. __________Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choicePassage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.I was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbede’s (1994) article on high illiteracy（文盲）rates among women and school dropout rates among girls. According to Arigbede, literacy animators view their role as assisting in theself-liberating development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life. Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization (贫民) compels them to intervene on the side of the marginalized (使处于社会边缘). Their motivation is not derived from a love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral.Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animatorworking with women and men in Nigeria. She believes that literacy animators have to make a clear choice about whose culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work. Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students’ tradi tional cultures or community, or fosters illiteracies in learners’ first or home la nguages or dialects and in their oralitySome approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition. Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and represented when students engage in choral reading versus the practice of having one student read out loud to the group. To identify as a literacy animator is to choose the ideology of "sharing, solidarity, love, equity, co-operation with and respect of both nature and other human beings". Literacy pedagogy that matches the animator ideology works on maintaining the languages and cultures of millions of minority children who at present are being forced to accept the language and culture of the dominant group. It might lead to assessment（评估）that examines the performance outcomes of a community of literacy learners and the social significance of their uses of literacy, as opposed to measuring what an individual can do as a reader and writer on a standardized test. Shor (1993) describes literacy animators as problem-posing, community-based, dialogic educators. Do our teacher-education textbooks on reading and language arts promote the idea that teachers should explore problems from a community-based dialogic perspective57. A literacy animator is one who ________.[A] struggles for a more meaningful life[B] frees people from poverty and illiteracy[C] is committed to marginalize the illiterate[D] is concerned with what is behind illiteracy58. The author suggests that literacy educators in the US ina way________.[A] promote students’ home languages[B] encourage students to accept their culture[C] teach nothing but reading and writing[D] consider literacy as of non-neutral nature59. Arigbede worked with Nigerians probably to________.[A] teach American customs and ideology[B] make a choice of culture to be fostered[C] reject the values of the dominant class[D] help maintain Nigerian language and culture60. Animator ideology emphasizes more ________.[A] the social function of literacy[B] studen ts’ performance in tests[C] the dominant group’s language[D] the attainment of life skills61. It is implied by the author that, because of the kind of teacher education in the US, teachers there tend to ignore ________.[A] constant development of new teaching approaches[B] using their own wisdom in problem-solving[C] talented performances of minority students[D] community-based literacy enhancementPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collaboration in countering the threat of cybercrime and terrorism to private businesses and the government. By the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 states, Calloway said. With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of directors that includes members of private industry, the academic community and public agencies. Banks, utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secure Web site to share information about attempts to hack into their computer networks.Members can join the system free. A key feature of the system is a two-pronged(双管齐下的) method of reporting attacks.A "sanitized" description of a hacking attempt or other incident--one that doesn’t reveal the name orinformation about the victim--can be shared with the other members to spot trends. Then a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI’s computer crimes unit to interfere if there are grounds for an investigation. Cyber crime has jumped in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial commerce and technology like Charlotte. "Ten years ago, all you needed to protect yourself was a safe, a fence and security officers," said Chris Swecker, who is in ch arge of the FBI’s Charlotte office. "Now any business with a modem is subject to attack." FBI agents investigate computer hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including Amazon. corn, CNN and Yahoo!Several North Carolina victims have been identified this year. The investigation has also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such attacks. Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of companies to report security intrusions（入侵）for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile,too many corporations have made ittoo easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed and accessibility, Jack Wiles, who will lead the local InfraGard chapter’s board, said a recent report estimated 97 percent of all cyber crime goes undetected. Wiles, a computer security expert, has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting into his files. "I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my computer," he said, "the Net is a wo nderful place, but it’s also a dangerous one."62. From the first paragraph, we know________.[A] InfraGard is a protective measure against cybercrime[B] InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration[C] there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states[D] private business and the government are now committing cyber crime63. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT ________.[A] academic communities[B] public agencies[C] the FBI[D] private industry64. By saying "too many corporations...speed and accessibility" (Para. 3), the author means________.[A] too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers[B] criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility[C] it’s very easy to sac rifice security for speed and accessibility[D] many companies suffer from computer hacking becausethey value speed and accessibility more than security65. All the following are reasons for the rise in cyber crime EXCEPT________.[A] victims won’t report intrusions by hackers[B] victims have no firewalls[C] the use of modem is increasing[D] companies don’t pay enough attention to。

四级考前模考试卷（一）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.1. 目前有不少大学请明星当客座教授2. 对这一现象，人们看法不同3. 我的看法……Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Eight Things Successful People Do DifferentlyWhy have you been so successful in reaching some of your goals, but not others? If you aren’t sure, you are far from alone in your confusion. It turns out that even brilliant, highly accomplished people are pretty awful when it comes to understanding why they succeed or fail. The intuitive answer —that you are born predisposed to certain talents and lacking in others —is really just one small piece of the puzzle. In fact, decades of research on achievement suggests that successful people reach their goals not simply because of who they are, but more often because of what they do.Get specificWhen you set yourself a goal, try to be as specific as possible. “Lose 5 pounds”is a better goal than “lose some weight”. Knowing exactly what you want to achieve keeps youmotivated until you get there. Also, think about the specific actions that need to be taken to reach your goal. Just promising you’ll “eat less”or “sleep more”is too vague —be clear and precise. “I’ll be in bed by 10pm on weeknights”leaves no room for doubt about what you need to do, and whether or not you’ve actually done it.Seize the moment to act on your goalsGiven how busy most of us are, and how many goals we are juggling (同时做) at once, it’s not surprising that we routinely miss opportunities to act on a goal because we simply fail to notice them. Did you really have no time to work out today? Achieving your goal means grabbing hold of these opportunities before they slip through your fingers.To seize the moment, decide when and where you will take each action you want to take, in advance. Again, be as specific as possible. Studies show that this kind of planning will help your brain to detect and seize the opportunity when it arises, increasing your chances of success by roughly 300%.Know exactly how far you have left to goAchieving any goal also requires honest and regular monitoring of your progress —if not by others, then by you yourself. If you don’t know how well you are doing, you can’t adjust your behavior or your strategies accordingly. Check your progress frequently —weekly, or even daily, depending on the goal.Be a realistic optimistWhen you are setting a goal, by all means engage in lots of positive thinking about how likely you are to achieve it. Believing in your ability to succeed is enormously helpful for creating and sustaining your motivation. But whatever you do, don’t underestimate how difficult it will be to reach your goal. Most goals worth achieving require time, planning, effort, and persistence. Studies show that thinking things will come to you easily and effortlessly leaves you ill-prepared for the journey ahead, and significantly increases the odds of failure.Focus on getting better, rather than being goodMany of us believe that our intelligence, our personality, and our physical aptitudes (才能) are fixed —that no matter what we do, we won’t improve. As a result, we focus on goals that are all about proving ourselves, rather than developing and acquiring new skills.Fortunately, decades of research suggest that the belief in fixed ability is completely wrong —abilities of all kinds are profoundly malleable (可改变的). Embracing the fact that you can change will allow you to make better choices, and reach your fullest potential. People whose goals are about getting better, rather than being good, take difficulty in stride, and appreciate the journey as much as the destination.Have grit (毅力)Studies show that gritty people obtain more education in their lifetime, and earn higher college GPAs (grade point average). Grit predicts which cadets (军校学员) will stick out their first difficult year at West Point.The good news is, if you aren’t particularly gritty now, there is something you can do about it. People who lack grit more often than not believe that they just don’t have the innate abilities successful people have —they are wrong. As I mentioned earlier, effort, planning, persistence, and good strategies are what it really takes to succeed. Embracing this knowledge will not only help you see yourself and your goals more accurately, but also do wonders for your grit.Build your willpower muscleYour self-control “muscle”is just like the other muscles in your body —when it doesn’t get much exercise, it becomes weaker over time. But when you give it regular workouts by putting it to good use, it will grow stronger and stronger, and be better able to help you successfully reach your goals.To build willpower, take on a challenge that requires you to do something you’d honestlyrather not do. When you find yourself wanting to give in, give up, or just not bother —don’t. Start with just one activity, and make a plan for how you will deal with troubles when they occur (“If I have a desire for a snack, I will eat one piece of fresh fruit.”) It will be hard in the beginning, but it will get easier, and that’s the whole point. As your strength grows, you can take on more challenges and step-up your self-control workout.Focus on what you will do, not what you won’t doDo you want to successfully lose weight, quit smoking, or put a lid on your bad temper? Then plan how you will replace bad habits with good ones, rather than focusing only on the bad habits themselves. Research on thought suppression (压制) (e.g., “Don’t think about white bears!”) has shown that trying to avoid a thought makes it even more active in your mind. The same holds true when it comes to behavior —by trying not to engage in a bad habit, our habits get strengthened rather than broken.If you want to change your ways, ask yourself, ‘What will I do instead?’For example, if you are trying to gain control of your temper and stop flying off the handle, you might make a plan like “If I am starting to feel angry, then I will take three deep breaths to calm down.”By using deep breathing as a replacement for giving in to your anger, your bad habit will get worn away over time until it disappears completely.1. Many people didn’t expect that very successful people _______.A) can succeed in difficult tasks but fail in very simple onesB) aren’t clear why they succeed in achieving their goalsC) tend to feel very lonely when they reach their goalsD) are born with some special ability to do something well2. Why should people be specific when setting a goal?A) It boosts their confidence. B) It makes the goal easier to achieve.C) It saves time in reaching the goal. D) It helps sustain their motivation.3. Very often, people who miss chances to act on a goal attribute the failure to _______.A) being busy and having no time B) setting too difficult goalsC) getting no notice from others D) hoping for better chances4. According to studies, when people plan specific actions in advance, _______.A) there is no doubt that they will fulfill their dreamsB) they have greater possibilities of reaching their goalsC) they are able to get their work done more efficientlyD) they are more likely to persist in face of difficulty5. The author suggests that monitoring your progress regularly _______.A) should be done by people around youB) is helpful for determining whether the goal is realisticC) enables you to make necessary adjustment in actionsD) is not always essential depending on the goal6. Thinking that goals are not difficult to reach _______.A) prepares people better for challengesB) prevents people from shying away from hardshipsC) helps people cope with difficulty calmlyD) significantly raises the possibility of failure7. What does the author say about people believing in fixed ability?A) They don’t focus on goals that improve themselves.B) They are more willing to commit to long-term goals.C) They can’t take on many challenging tasks at one time.D) Their goals are to get better instead of being good.8. People lacking determination usually believe that they are not born with _____________________________________ that successful people have.9. Your ability to control your mind and body will become stronger if you _____________________________________ and use it properly.10. According to some research, if you try to suppress thinking about white bears, it just becomes _____________________________________ in your brain.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Quit their jobs at the same time.B) Establish a firm in collaboration.C) Enrich their poor knowledge in business.D) Take an adventurous trip with their savings.12. A) People should not idle away their life.B) People should have made greater achievement.C) People should avoid being killed unexpectedly.D) People should have taken things more seriously.13. A) Time passes very quickly.B) The woman is wrong about the pick-up time.C) He doesn’t have anything to do.D) Before lunch is a great time to pick up the papers.14. A) She has to work to support herself. B) Her classes are not difficult.C) She goes to a full-time school. D) She takes evening courses.15. A) Jack survived the accident. B) Jack saved all the other passengers.C) Jack had little damage done to his car. D) Jack was the only victim of theaccident.16. A) Her mild temper. B) Her broad knowledge.C) Her teaching style. D) Her detailed answers.17. A) It won’t come out until June 26.B) It hasn’t been returned by the borrower.C) It is not available unless it has been reserved.D) It was withdrawn from the shelf as a back issue.18. A) Their healthy lifestyle. B) Their work environment.C) Their outgoing personality. D) Their usual food and drink.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) The rock-climbing training involves a lot of preparation.B) Rock-climbing is safe if you are experienced enough.C) The woman is not excited about the first class in rock-climbing.D) The speakers will take a climbing trip in the early spring when the ice breaks.20. A) One is safe if he is very careful.B) Hi-tech safety equipment ensures one’s safety.C) A lot of people do rock-climbing and they are OK.D) There are no dangerous places nearby to do rock-climbing.21. A) She can make a lot of friends.B) She can work more efficiently.C) She can learn mental discipline.D) She can get more familiar with the man.22. A) He might join the class.B) He will join the class if the woman does.C) He still thinks it unworthy to join the class.D) He will tell the woman once he has made a decision.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) It’s difficult to obtain happiness.B) Happiness is only a state of mind.C) Happiness is closely related to material life.D) People shouldn’t always ask what happiness is.24. A) They have no dreams.B) They don’t feel being loved.C) They get used to what they have.D) They only cherish the material things.25. A) Expensive ones. B) Cheap ones.C) Gifts made carefully. D) Gifts that won’t last.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Pets’value in medical research. B) What pets bring to their owners.C) How pets help people calm down. D) People’s opinions of keeping pets.27. A) If he has a pet companion. B) If he has less stress of work.C) If he often does mental calculation. D) If he is taken care of by his family.28. A) They have lower blood pressure. B) They become more patient.C) They are in higher spirits. D) They are less nervous.29. A) People with dogs did more exercise.B) Dogs lost the same weight as people did.C) Dogs liked exercise much more than people did.D) People without dogs found the program unhelpful.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s.B) By 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a year.C) Some of Olivetti’s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy.D) Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning.31. A) Camillo Olivetti’s death. B) Its slow progress.C) A period of financial problem. D) Its agreements with other companies.32. A) It produces the best typewriter in the world.B) It exports more typewriters than other computers.C) It designs the world’s first mainframe computer.D) It has five independent companies with its head office in Ivrea.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) He never watched TV. B) He read what he had to.C) He found reading unbelievable. D) He considered reading part of his life.34. A) It helps him to realize his dream.B) It opens up a wider world for him.C) It makes his college life more interesting.D) It increases his interest in worldwide travel.35. A) Why do I read? B) How do I read?C) What do I read? D) When do I read?Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with theexact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Today we talk about the difference between a college and a university. Colleges and universities have a lot in (36) ________. They prepare young adults for work. They provide a greater (37) ________ of the world and its past. And they help students learn to (38) ________ the arts and sciences.Students who attend either a college or a university (39) ________ take four years to complete a program of study. But one difference is that many colleges do not offer (40) ________ study programs or support research projects.Universities often are much larger than colleges. Universities carry out a lot of research. They offer more programs in different areas of study, for undergraduate and graduate students. (41) ________ universities developed from those of the Middle Ages in Europe. The word “university”came from the Latin “universitas”. This described a group of people organized for a common (42) ________.“College”came from a Latin word with a (43) ________ meaning, “collegium”. In England, colleges were formed to provide students with places to live. (44) ____________________________________________________.Today, most American colleges offer an area of study called liberal arts. The liberal arts are subjects first developed and taught in ancient Greece. They trained a person’s mind.(45) ________________________________.Another meaning of “college”is a part of a university. (46) __________________________________________. This is still true.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Advice to “sleep on it”could be well founded, scientists say. After a good night’s sleep, a problem that seemed insurmountable(不能克服的) the night before can often appear more 47 , although the evidence until now has been anecdotal (轶事的).But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good night’s sleep can 48 insight and problem-solving. Dr. Jan Born, a neuroscientist at the university, and his team taught volunteers two simple rules to help them 49 a string of numbers into a new order. There was also a third, 50 rule, which could help them increase their speed in solving the problem. The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups: half were allowed to sleep after the training while the 51 were forced to stay awake. They noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as 52 to figure out the third rule as the other group.“You have a memory representation in your brain of the problem you want to solve,and then you sleep. Sleep can act on the problem,”Born said in a telephone interview. But he also admitted that how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it is still 53 .Other scientists say the 54 evidence supports the anecdotal suggestions that sleep can stimulate creative thinking.Although the role of sleep in human creativity will 55 be a mystery, the research gives people good reason to 56 respect their periods of sleep.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Many of us sit in front of a computer for eight hours a day, and then go home and head for the couch to surf the Web or watch television, exchanging one seat and screen for another. Even if we try to squeeze in an hour at the gym, is it enough to counteract (抵消) all that motionless sitting?A mounting body of evidence suggests not.Increasingly, research is focusing not on how much exercise people get, but how much of their time is spent in sedentary (久坐的) activity, and the harm that does.The latest findings, published this week in The Journal of the American College of Cardiology, indicate that the amount of leisure time spent sitting in front of a screen can have such an overwhelming, seemingly irreparable (无法弥补的) impact on one’s health that physical activity doesn’t produce much benefit.The study followed 4,512 middle-aged Scottish men for a little more than four years on average. It found that those who said they spent two or more leisure hours a day sitting in front of a screen were at double the risk of a heart attack or other heart events compared with those who watched less. Those who spent four or more hours of recreational time in front of a screen were 50 percent more likely to die of any cause. It didn’t matter whether the men were physically active for several hours a week —exercise didn’t reduce the risk associated with the high amount of sedentary screen time.The study is not the first to suggest that sedentary activities like television viewing may be harmful. A 2009 study reported that young children who watch one and a half to five and a half hours of TV a day have higher blood pressure readings than those who watch less than half an hour, even if they are thin and physically active.Recreational screen time has an “independent, injurious relationship”with heart andthe blood vessels events and death of all causes, the paper concluded, possibly because it induces metabolic (新陈代谢) changes.The study focused on recreational screen time because it’s the easiest to reduce, Dr. Stamatakis said. But he encouraged employees who work at computers all day to get up and take breaks and short walks periodically.57. According to the passage, more and more evidence proves that ______.A) people doing regular exercises after work tend to enjoy good healthB) people nowadays seem to spend excessive time seated at homeC) the time people spend watching TV is increasing dramaticallyD) physical activities don’t reduce the bad effect of long time’s sitting58. What do we learn from the study published in The Journal of the American College of Cardiology?A) The more people watch TV, the healthier they will become.B) The amount of exercises people get should be taken seriously.C) The harm done by sedentary activities seems impossible to repair.D) Exercise can make up for damage caused by high amount of sitting time.59. A 2009 study supported the idea that ______.A) physical inactivity may do harm to people’s healthB) the length of time spent in taking exercises do matterC) television viewers are more likely to die of heart diseasesD) thin teenagers are immune to disease caused by watching TV60. Why leisure time spent in front of the screen is related to heart diseases?A) Some content of the TV programs makes the heart beat faster.B) It causes chemical processes in people’s body to change.C) Extended sitting slows circulating blood to the heart.D) Radiation from the screen causes physical harm to the heart.61. Dr. Stamatakis suggested people who rely on computers to work ______.A) secretly combine business with leisureB) quit their current jobs as soon as possibleC) take breaks from the screen at regular intervals of timeD) get up early so as to take regular exercises in the morningPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.If two scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory are correct, people will still be driving gasoline-powered cars 50 years from now, giving out heat-trapping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere —and yet that carbon dioxide will not contribute to global warming.The scientists, F. Jeffrey Martin and William L. Kubic Jr., are proposing a concept, which they have named Green Freedom, for removing carbon dioxide from the air and turning it back into gasoline.The idea is simple. Air would be blown over a liquid solution which would absorb the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide would then be extracted (提取) and subjected to chemical reactions that would turn it into fuel.Although they have not yet built a synthetic fuel factory, or even a small prototype (原型), the scientists say it is all based on existing technology.“Everything in the concept has been built, is operating or has a close cousin that is operating,”Dr. Martin said.The Los Alamos proposal does not violate any laws of physics, and other scientists have independently suggested similar ideas.In the efforts to reduce humanity’s emissions of carbon dioxide, three solutions have been offered: hydrogen(氢)-powered fuel cells, electric cars and biofuels. Biofuels are gasoline substitutes produced from plants like corn or sugar cane. Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow, but growing crops for fuel takes up wide strips of land.Hydrogen-powered cars emit no carbon dioxide, but producing hydrogen requires copious(大量的) energy, and if that energy comes from coal-fired power plants, then the problem has not been solved.Electric cars also push the carbon dioxide problem to the power plant. And electric cars have typically been limited to a range of tens of miles as opposed to the hundreds of miles that can be driven on a tank of gas.Gasoline, it turns out, is an almost ideal fuel (except that it produces CO2). If it can be made out of carbon dioxide in the air, the Los Alamos concept may mean there is little reason to switch, after all.“It’s definitely worth pursuing,”said Martin I. Hoffert, a professor of physics at New York University. Other scientists also said the proposal looked promising but could not evaluate it fully because the details had not been published.62. What is most remarkable about the proposal made by the two scientists?A) It is given a special name. B) No law of physics is violated.C) It is based on existing technology. D) CO2 can be converted into fuel.63. What does the author say about biofuels?A) They are considered as ideal substitutes for fossil fuels.B) It is a great waste to use so many plants to produce fuels.C) They help ease global warming but will use a large area of land.D) Cars using biofuels have a longer range than cars running on gas.64. The biggest problem with hydrogen-powered cars is that ______.A) there is no cheap source of hydrogen energyB) they may still be a cause of global warmingC) safety problems might occur in hydrogen productionD) they are not suitable for long-distance travel65. What will happen if what is proposed by the two scientists becomes true?A) There will be no need for gasoline substitutes.B) Air pollution will become a thing of the past.C) People will be able to use much cheaper energy.D) There will be no more gasoline-powered vehicles.66. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?A) To compare different energy sources.B) To introduce a new concept of zero carbon gasoline.C) To explain why gasoline is important to us.D) To discus how to solve the problem of global warming.Part V Cloze (15。

专业英语四级听力专项强化真题试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.听力原文：Online Education Good morning, everybody. In today’s lecture, we will talk about online education. You know in some parts of the world, it is not that easy for people to receive education. And even in the United States where education is available, it might not be within reach. Thus, online courses provided by those world famous universities can bring the best quality education to as many people as we could around the world, and for free. First, let’s talk a little bit about some of the components that go into online education. The first component is that when you move away from the constraints of a physical classroom and design content for an online format, you can break away from, for example, the one-hour lecture format. You can break up the material, for example, into short, modular units of 8 to 12 minutes, and each of the short unit introduces a coherent concept. Students can deal with this material in different ways, depending on their background, their skills or their interests. So, for example, some students might benefit from a little bit of preparatory material that other students might already have. Other students might be interested in a particular topic that they want to pursue individually. So this format allows students to break away from the one-size-fits-all model of education, and allows students to follow a much more personalized curriculum. Second, and perhaps one of the biggest components of our online education is that we need to have students who practice with the material in order to really understand it. There’s been a range of studies that demonstrate the importance of this. A study in Science last year, for example, demonstrates that even simple retrieval practice, where students are just supposed to repeat what they already learned gives considerably improved results on various achievement tests. So we need to build in much more meaningful practice questions. Now, fortunately, technology has helped us to provide the students with feedback on those questions. We can now grade a range of interesting types of homework online. The third component is what is called collaborative learning. Students could collaborate in different online courses in a variety of ways. First of all, there was a question and answer forum, where students could pose questions, and other students could answer these questions. And what is really amazing is that, because there were so many students, it means that even if a student posed a question at 3 o’clock in the morning, somewhere around the world, there would be somebody who was awake and working on the same problem, and he might answer that question. And so, in many of the online courses, the median response time for a question on the question and answer forum was 22 minutes. So in a word, if we wanted to offer top quality education to everyone around the world for free, what would that affect us? Three things. First, it would establish education as a fundamental human right, where anyone around the world with the ability and the motivation could get the skills they need. Second, it would enable lifelong learning. It’s a shame that for so many of us,learning stops when we finish high school or when we finish college. By making this amazing content available, we would be able to learn something new every time we wanted, whether it’s just to expand our minds or it’s to change our lives. And finally, this would make a wave of innovation possible, because amazing talent can be found everywhere. To sum up today, we have talked about some features of online education and its benefits. We are sure that online education will have a promising future. In the next lecture, we are going to learn how online education has changed people around the world.Online Education Introduction Online courses can bring the best quality education to people around the world for ponents of online education no constraints of【T1】______【T1】______—content design for online courses—short, modular units each discussing【T2】______【T2】______—different ways of dealing with the material—a much more【T3】______【T3】______ Providing students with—【T4】______ questions【T4】______—【T5】______ on the questions【T5】______ 【T6】______ in different ways【T6】______—【T7】______ forum【T7】______—median response time: 22 minutesBenefits of online education—education as a【T8】______【T8】______—enabling【T9】______【T9】______—making 【T10】______ possible【T10】______ConclusionOnline education will have a promising future.1．【T1】正确答案：aphysical classroom解析：本题属于网络教育构成要素中的第一点。

大学英语四级考试综合分类模拟试卷Part ⅠWritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1、你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力、性格、爱好)可以胜任学生会主席的工作，(2) 如果当选，你将为本校同学做些什么。

Part ⅡClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices markedA.,B.,C. andD. on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Street food is food that is prepared, sold and eaten on city streets. Street food is an important part of the 2 of people in developing countries. An 3 2,500 million people worldwide eat street food. This kind of food is 4 in cost, tasty, nutritious and easy to serve, it is designed for the lives of busy people in large cities.But buyers must be careful 5 health risks. Street food sellers in developing countries often 6 the storage, cooking and cooling equipment necessary to 7 the formation of dangerous bacteria. 8 some conditions, a single bacterium can grow into seventeen-million disease-carrying organisms in just eight hours. The lack of clean 9 water and waste removal systems also 10 the risk of infection.The Food and Agriculture Organization is leading an effort to make street food 11 . 12 the past fifteen years, it has helped officials 13 street food in more than twenty cities worldwide. 14 , FAO officials have been working 15 the South African government 16 such a project. The UN agency produced a food safety teaching 17 for public health officials. The guide offers suggestions 18 how to prepare food 19 . A videotape shows 20 producing safe food results in 21 business.2、A. dinners B. diets C. meals D. drinks3、A. investigated B. informed C. estimated D. assumed4、A. low B. high C. good D. poor5、A. for B. about C. on D. of6、A. keep B. prepare C. lack D. need7、A. help B. promote C. stop D. prevent8、A. With B. On C. Under D. For9、A. running B. dripping C. pumping D. flowing10、A. removes B. relieves C. increases D. reduces11、A. poorer B. nicer C. better D. safer12、A. Over B. By C. With D. For13、A. improve B. produce C. reduce D. introduce14、A. Furthermore B. However C. For example D. Consequently15、A. for B. with C. towards D. at16、A. in B. for C. with D. on17、A. guide B. book C. guidance D. paper18、A. to B. on C. of D. with19、A. fast B. deliciously C. safely D. carefully20、A. how B. what C. when D. why21、A. improved B. decreased C. developed D. increasedPart ⅢTranslationDirections: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.22、The substance does not dissolve in water ______ (不管是否加热)。