Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
词语辨析：
1.anywhere 与somewhere 两者都是不定副词。
anywhere 在任何地方，常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can?t find it anywhere. somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。I lost my key somewhere near here.
2. seem + 形容词看起来….. You seem happy today.
seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事I seem to have a cold
I seems / seemed + 从句看起来好像…；似乎…. It seems that no one believe you. seem like ….好像，似乎….. It seems like a god idea.
3. decide to do sth.决定做某事They decide to visit the museum.
decide + 疑问词+ 动词不定式He can not decide when to leave.
4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换。He started doing his homework.
但以下几种情况不能用begin .
1)创办，开办：He started a new bllkshop last month.
2)机器开动：I can?t start my car.
3)出发，动身：I will start tomorrow morning.
5. over 介词，多于，超过，在…以上（表示数目、程度）= more than
My father is over 40 years old.
在…之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与under 相反。There is a map over the blackboard.
超过：I hear the news over the radio.
遍及：I want to travel all over the world.
6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数：Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。
We have too much work to do. Don?t talk too much.
much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。
The hat is much too big for me. You?re walking much too fast.
分辨三者的口诀：too much, much too, 用法区别看后头：much 后接不可数，too 后修饰形或副。
too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。
7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。He can?t take a walk because of the rain.
because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。
I don?t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.
Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
词语辨析：
1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。
How often do you play sports? Three times a week.
how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。
How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?
how for 多远，用来询问距离，指路程的远近。How far is it from here to the park? It?s about 2 kilometers.
2.free 空闲的，有空的，反义词为busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于have time. I?ll be free next week. = I?ll have time next week.
还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。
The tickets are free. You?re free to go or to stay.
3.How come？怎么会？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独
使用，也可引导一个问句，相当于疑问句why, 但how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。
How come Tom didn?t come to the party? = Why didn?t Tom come to the party?
4.stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。Don?t stay up late next time.
stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。He stayed up all night to write his story.
5.go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。
I went to bed at eleven last night.
go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。
She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.
6.find + 宾语+名词, 发现：We have found him (to be) a good boy.
find + 宾语+ 形容词，发现：He found the room dirty.
find + 宾语+ 现在分词，发现：I found her standing at the door.
7.percent 百分数，基数词+ percent：percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根
据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.
8.more than 超过，多于，不仅仅，相当于over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义
替换。反义词组为：less than.
I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.
9. afraid 形容词，担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。
I?m afraid we can?t come here on time.
be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人/ 某事；be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark. Don?t be afraid of asking question.
I?m afraid + 从句（恐怕，担心）：I?m afraid I have to go now.
10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：
sometimes 频度副词，有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。
Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up?
sometime 副词，某个时候。表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.
I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week?
some times 名词词组，几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.
I have read the story some times. -------How many times have you read the story? some time 名词短语，一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用How long.
I …ll stay here for some time. -----How long will you stay here?
Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my s ister
词语辨析：
laugh v. & n. 笑
We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。
He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。（与at连用）嘲笑
Don?t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。
People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。
Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。
笑；笑声We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管= although
Though it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。
注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用but。如：
Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）
though adv.. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。
Jim said that he would come, he didn?t , though.
语法讲解：
形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1．规则变化
Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater
1.It has the biggest screens.
2.The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly.
3.How do you like it so far? 到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？
4.Thanks forget telling me.
5.Can I ask you some questions?
常用法：
Can I ask you some…….
How do you like……. 你认为……怎么样
Thanks for doing sth.
What do you think of ……..
much + 形容词或副词比较级…….得多
watch sb. do sth.观看某人做某事
play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事的作用
one of +可数名词复数…..之一……
练习，用括号里的词的适当形式填空。
1. We went to the __________(bad) restaurant in town last night. The menu had only 10dishes and the service was not good at all.
2. Blue Moon is ______________(good), but Miler?s is _____________(good ) in town.
3. The Big Screen is _________________(expensive) than most cinemas, but Cinema City is ____________(expensive).
4. Movie City has the __________ (bad) service, but we can sit the_______________ (comfortably)there.
5. John ny Dep acted the _________________(good) in that movie. He?s much
____________(good) than other actors at finding the ________________(interesting) role.
阅读信息然后在下面的句子中改错。
A movie ticket at Town Cinema is $12.00. It is $10.50 at Screen City, and $10.00 at Movie World.
Screen City is always very crowded. Many people go to Movie World, too. But you can always get a ticket at Town Cinema.
The seats at Movie World are very comfortable. The seats at Screen City are a little hard. The Town Cinema seats are very uncomfortable.
1.Movie World is the most expensive.
2.Screen City has the cheapest tickets.
3.Town cinema is more popular than Screen City.
4.Movie World is the most popular.
5.Town Cinema has the most comfortable seats
Unit 5 Do you want to a game show?
----What do you think of talk shows?
----I don?t mind them.
I hope to be a TV reporter one day.
How about you?
常用法：
let sb. do sth. plan to do sth.
hope to do sth. happen to do sth.
expect to do sth. How about doing……
be ready to do sth. try one?s best to do sth.
知识点：
1、the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析
the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个……另一个……时，常用one …the other…。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.
There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys. the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词= any other + 名词单数。例：You two stay here, the others go with me.
I?m different from Jeff because I?m louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class.
other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例：
We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.
others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。例：
Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly.
another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：
I don?t like this one. Please show me another one.
2.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到
Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.
3、go on 发生，与take place 同义
I wonder what was going on.
4、happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。
Sth + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.
Sth + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地/某时发生了某事
An accident happened on Park Street.
happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧……”. Sb + happens to do sth.
I happened to see my uncle on the street.
* take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例：
Great changes have taken place in China.
The meeting will take place next Friday.
5、expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构：
1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计……可能发生。
I?m expecting Li Lin?s letter.
2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事
Lily expects to come back next week.
3)expect sb. to do sth.
I expect my mother to come back early.
4)expect + 从句预计……
I expected that I?ll come back next Monday.
6、serious a. 严肃的，认真的。He is a serious man.
be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真
Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.
be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真____He?s serious about selling his house.
根据你的实际观点回答问题。
1.What do you think of game shows?
2.What comedy shows do you like to watch?
3.Do you plan to watch a sports show tonight?
4.What can you expect to learn from the news?
编对话。
A: What do you plan to watch on TV tonight?
B: I hope to ______________, but I also want to _______________.How about you? Do you _________________ a talk show or______________?
A: Oh, I want to ___________________.
用所给词语造句，使对话通顺。
A: _______________________________________(what/think of/ soap operas)
B: _______________________________________(can?t stand)
A: ________________________________________(what show/ want to watch/ tonight)
B: ________________________________________(talent show)
A: ________________________________________(what expect to learn/ game show)
B: ________________________________________(interesting information?)
A: _________________________________________(what/ hope to watch/ tomorrow)
B: _________________________________________(news)
A: __________________________________________(do/ play to watch/comedy) B: _________________________________________( no/ plan to watch/ comedy) Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science
短语用法：
want to do sth. be going to + 动词原形
practice doing sth. keep on doing sth.
learn to do sth. finish doing sth
promise to do sth. help sb. to do sth.
remember to do sth. agree to do sth.
love to do sth.
be going to 的用法
1）be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成，be随主语有am, is, are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。
肯定句：主语+ be going to + 动词原形+ 其他。He is going to take the bus there. 否定句：主语+ be not going to + 动词原形+ 其他I?m not going to see my friends this weekend.
一般疑问句：Be + 主语+ going to + 动词原形+ 其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ be. 否定回答：No, 主语+ be not.
Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes ,I am. / No, I?m not.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be + 主语+ going to + 动词原形+ 其他？
What is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends?
2) 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用be going to + 地点
We are going to Beijing for a holiday.
3) 表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。
The bus is coming. My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week.
4) be going to 与will 的区别：
①对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加not,或者缩略式won?t, 变一般疑问句将will 提至句首。
Will planes be large in the future? Yes, they will. / No, they won?t.
②will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。I believe Lucy will be a great doctor.
③陈述将来的某个事实用will.
I will ten years old next year.
④表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用will.
I?m tired I will go to bed.
⑤表示意愿用will.
I?ll tell you the truth.
⑥表示计划、打算要做的事情用be going to, 而不用will.
I?m going to bu y a computer this month.
2、promise vt. 保证，许诺。有三种结构：
1)promise to do sth. _____My mother promised to buy a piano for me.
2)promise sb. sth. _____ My aunt promised me a bike.
3)promise + that 从句_____ Tom promises that he can return on time.
promise n. 允诺，诺言
Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.
3、when 与while 的区别：
when 表示“当…时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking.
When she arrives, I?ll call you.
while 表示“当…时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生，while 还可以作并列连词，意为“ 而、却”，表示对比关系。
Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano.
Tom is strong while his younger brother is week.
4、practice vt. 练习，后接名词，代词或v-ing 作宾语。
Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room.
常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有：
考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon.
承认推迟没得想：admit, delay/put off, fancy.
避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice.
否认完成能欣赏：deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate.
不禁介意与逃亡：can?t help , mind, escape.
不准冒险凭想象：forbid, risk, imagine.
5、everyday 与every day 区别
everyday adj. 每天的在句中作定语，位于名词前。This is our everyday homework.
every day 副词短语，在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。He reads books every day. 练习：
---Let?s discuss the plan, shall we? ----Not now. I ______ to an interview.
A. go
B. went
C. am going
D. was going
------Jack is busy packing luggage.
---Yes. He _________for America on vacation.
A. leaves
B. left
C. is leaving
D. has been away
补全对话：
A: Kelly, what do you want to be _________you grow up?
B: I _______ to be a doctor.
A: Wow! _________ are you going to do that?
B: I?m ________ to study medicine, at a university.
A: Hmm…sounds difficult. ________are you _______to study?
B: I?m going to ______ in London.
A: ________are you going to start?
B: I?m going to _________next September.
用所给单词完成句子。
take listen make is help learn are
Resolutions __________promises to yourself. They may _______ to make you a better person and to make your life easier. I am going to ________ four resolutions. The first resolution is about my own personal improvement. Next year, or maybe sooner, I am going to _______ up a new hobby. I think singing _______a great activity so I am going to ______to sing .
I think this will also make my family happy because they love to ______to music and sing together.
补全对话：
A: What do you ________to be when you grow up?
B: I want ____________ a scientist.
A: Wow! That sounds cool. But it?s also difficult. _______are you ________to do that?
B: After I finish high school, I?m ________to go to university.
A: ________ are you _______ to study?
B: In Hefei. I?m _______to study there for four years.
A: I think I want __________ a teacher. I?m ________to teach in Wuhan.
Unit 7 Will people have robots?
用法：
will + 动词原形将要做fewer/more + 可数名词复数更少/更多…
less/more + 不可数名词更少/更多try to do sth. 尽力做某事have to do sth 不得不做某事agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
such + 名词（词组）如此play a part in doing sth 参与做某事
make sb do sth 让某人做某事help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
There will be + 主语+ 其他将会有…. There is/are + sb. + doing sth 有…正在做…
It is + 形容词+ for sb + to do sth做某事对某人来说…的
词语辨析：
1、every 与each 的区别：
1、Smell的用法smell作系动词后面跟形容词作表语例子：Themilkintheabitsour.瓶里的牛奶闻起来有点酸 2、What引导感叹句句型：what[a/an]+形容词+名词/名词性短语+主语+谓语 3、youlike....Wouldlike意为想要可以直接跟宾语Wouldyoulike....意为：你想要.....吗？回答为yes.../no...例子：Wouldyoulikesomenoodles 4、Try的用法作名词意为：努力，尝试。常用短语haveatry：试试看try还可以做动词意为：尝试，努力。常用结构：trydoingsth(尽力去做某事）/trytodosth（尝试去做某事） 5、Hearfromsb的用法意为：收到某人的来信相当于get/receivealetterformsb.注意：hearfrom 的宾语是人，而get与receive的宾语是事物 6、Can’twaittodosth.的用法Can’twaittodosth意为：迫不及待做某事列子：Summerholidayiscoming.Childrencan’twaittogobackhome.暑假快到了，孩子们都迫不及待地回家了。 7、With具有；带有(1)with作介词，意为：具有；带有列子：Idreamofabighousewithanicegarden 我梦想拥有一个带花园的大房子(2)with+宾语+宾语补足语表示方式或伴随情况。宾语补足语由形容词、分词或介词短语来充当。列子：Helefttheroomwiththedooropen 他没关门就离开了房间。 8、Spend的用法(1)spendtime／moneyonsth.在……上花费时间(金钱).例子：Ispenttwohoursonthismathsproblem.这道数学题花了我两个小时.(2)spendtime／money(in)doingsth.花费时间(金钱)做某事.例子：Theyspenttwoyears(in)buildingthisbridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间.(3)spendmoneyforsth.花钱买…….(某物)例子：Hismoneywasspentforbooks.他的钱用来买书了. 9、Beproudof.....意为为...而感到骄傲无论什么情况都不用主格，因为是做介词of的宾语，只能用宾格。如果主语和of后的词指代的是同一个人，就可以用反身代词，如：I'mproudofmyself.Youareproudofyourself.Heisproudofhimself.如果主语和of后的词指代的不是同一个人，不可用反身代词。如：I'mproudofyou.Youareproudofhim. 感官系动词感官系动词主要有feellooksmellsoundtaste。作为系动词这些词本身含有词义，但不能单独作为谓语，后面必须跟形容词构成表系结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等 10、Whatdo/doessb.looklike的用法Whatdo/doessb.looklike某人长什么样常用来形容外貌拓展：whatis/aresb.Like的用法whatis/aresb.Like意为某人怎么样？常用来形容性格 11、Close的用法close意为靠近；接近（1）close可作为副词列子：Wesatclosetogether.我们紧挨着坐在一起（2）close作形容词表示空间、时间上的接近相当于never。句型；becloseto意为：离....很近（3）close可作为动词意为：关闭反义词：open 12、While的用法while意为：当....的时候(1)while作连词引导时间状语从句，强调句中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生，但持续时间较长或主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生。(2)while还可以用来表示对比，连接两个并列句子，对比某两件事物。 13、When的用法when引导的时间状语从句when意为：当(在)......的时候既可以连接一个时间点，又可以连接一个时间段。When引导的从句中的谓语多用终止性(瞬间)动词，主从句的动作可以同时发生也可以有先后顺序发生。列子：WhenIgotback,Ifoundmymothercookingforme.当我回家时，我发现妈妈正在为我做饭。 现在完成时的重点和难点 一、现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”
初二英语语法大全 一. 知识点： 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won?t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won?t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I?ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I?ll sleep later. 3. They?ll buy one soon. 4. We?ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it?ll be better tomorrow. （二）should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.
八年级上册英语语法归纳 【篇一】 1. what 与which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father’s job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如： ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特? ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制;而Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如： What color do you like best? (所有颜色) 你最喜爱什么颜色? Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? (有特定的范围) 你最喜爱哪一种颜色? 3. what 与which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国? 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always(总是，一直) usually(通常)
often(常常，经常) sometimes(有时候) never(从不) 2.频度副词的位置： a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如： David is often arrives late for school. 大卫上学经常迟到。 b.放在行为动词前。如： We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天经常在7：10去上学。 c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike. 有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。 3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：Never have I been there. 5) every day 与everyday 1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如： We go to school at 7:10 every day. 我们每天7：10去上学。 I decide to read English every day. 我决定每天读英语。 2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。 She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
八年级英语语法归纳整理(下册) Topic1 一. 重点词汇 ( 一 ) 词形转换: 1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) king https://www.doczj.com/doc/ac9430826.html,fortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety ( 二 ) 词的辨析 1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on 3. other /else 4. raise /rise 5.each /every 6.exciting / excited (三)重点词组: 1.go on a visit to 去……旅行 2. make the decision 做决定 3.bring back 带回 4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行 5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定 6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 预订 8. come up with 想出(主意) 9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望 10. pay for 支付;赔偿 11. raise money 筹钱 12. book a ticket 订票 13. make a room for sb 为……订房间 14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天 16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 17.find out 查出
新目标八年级上册英语语法知识点精讲+练习 （一）一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? ★★练一练★★ 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I’ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I’ll sleep later. 3. They’ll buy one soon. 4. We’ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow.
Less on 1 名词 定义：名词(noun)，缩写为n.是人和事物的名称，如pen(钢笔),English(英语)，life(生活)。1名词的分类 名词可以分为专有名词( Proper Nou ns)和普通名词(Com mon Nou ns ),专有名词是某个(些)人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beiji ng. Ch ina等。普通名词是一类人或东西或 是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1) 个体名词(In dividual Nou ns):表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2) 集体名词 (Collective Nou ns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3) 物质名词(Material Nou ns ):表示无法分为个体的实物，如: air。 4) 抽象名词(Abstract Nou ns):表 示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，女口：work。个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词( Cou ntable Nou ns ),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词( Uncoun table Nou ns )。归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：
3、名词复数的不规则变化 1）c hild---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---me n woma n---wome n 注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。 女口：an En glishma n， two En glishme n. 但Germa n 不是合成词，故复数形式为Germa ns ；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2 ）单复同形女口： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese, Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。女口： a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3 ）集体名词 只在动词使用时区分，如果将名词所表示的集体是为一个整体，则位于动词用单数; 如果将名词表示的集体是为分散的个体，位于动词则用复数。如： The class is small.这是小班。 The whole class are working very hard at English.这个班上的学生学习英语很刻苦。 4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The Uni ted Natio ns was orga nized in 1945.联合国是1945 年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
八年级上册英语知识点总结完整版 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 本单元的话题：谈论假期活动内容，复习一般过去时。 本单元的语法：1.复习一般过去时；2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。 2.不定代词和不定副词的用法： （1）左边的some、any、every、no与右边的body、one、thing 构成不定代词，some、any、every、no与右边的疑问副词where 构成不定副词； （2）一般情况下以some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句，以any开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句；以no开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义（no one为两个单词）；（3）不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时，形容词放在后面。 He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。（肯定句用something，形容词important放后） Did you buy anything special? （一般疑问句用anything，形容词special放后） Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗？ (一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere，形容词interesting放后) （4）不定代词和不定副词做主语时，后面的动词用单数形式。
Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。 本单元的短语和知识点： 1. go on vacation去度假go to the mountains 上山/进山 2.stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营 3. study for tests为考试而学习\备考go out出去 4. quite a few相当多,不少（后跟可数名词复数）take photos照相most of the time大部分时间 5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物 6. taste good. 尝起来很好 taste（尝起来）、look（看起来）、sound（听起来）为感官动词，后跟形容词 7.have a good\great\fun time过得高兴，玩得愉快（=enjoy oneself） 8. go shopping去购物9. nothing…but+动词原形：除了……之外什么都没有 He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。 10. seem to do sth:好像… I seem to know him.我好像认识他。seem+（to be）+形容词：看起来…The work seems（to be）easy.这工作看起来很容易。 11.keep a diary记日记 12. in+大地方：达到某地（get to +地方：达到某地） arrive at+小地方：达到某地(get的过去式为got)
初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?
一般过去时 1.一般过去时:表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 2.一般过去时结构: 1）Be 动词:主语+Be 的过去式（was /were）+其它。 2）实义动词：主语+V-ed+其它。 3.一般过去时的标志词: yesterday 昨天yesterday morning 昨天上午last year 去年 just now 刚才 two days ago 两天前in 1999 在1999 年情景提示等。 4.一般过去时的肯定式、否定式、疑问式及简略回答。 1)Be 动词: (1)肯定句:主语+was/were +其它. I was late yesterday. 昨天我迟到了。 We were primary students 5 years ago. (2)否定句:主语+was /were＋not +其它. We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到) (3)一般问句:be 动词提前。Was/Were + 主语+其它? I was ill yesterday. (改一般疑问句) →Were you ill yesterday? （你昨天病了吗？） 肯定回答：Yes, I was. (是的，我病了。) 否定回答：No, I wasn't. (不，我没病。) (4)特殊问句:对谓语动词进行提问的：疑问词＋was/were＋主语＋其它(一
般疑问句)？I was born in 1997. →When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？ 2)实义动词： (1)肯定句:主语+V-ed +其它。 I called up my good friend just now. (2)否定句: 主语+didn’t +V 原形+其它 I didn’t argue with Tom last week. (3)一般问疑句：Did +主语+ V 原形+其它？ I bought a souvenir in 2010. (改一般疑问句) →Did you buy a souvenir in 2010? 肯定回答：Yes, I did. 否定回答：No, I didn’t. (4)特殊疑问句: 疑问词+did +主语+ V 原形+其它？ I went to HongKong last year. →Where did you go to HongKong last year? 5.变化规则 （1）、规则动词的变化规则： （1）一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。如：play―played work―worked （2）以e 结尾的动词只加d. 如：like--- liked love―loved , （3）以辅音字母+Y 结尾的动词，变Y 为I，再加ed. 如：study―studied carry―carried （4）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音字母，再加ed. 如stop―stopped
中考英语语法知识点总结讲解（上） 第1讲：名词 First, 名词复数的特殊变化。 普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-s或-es，可是偏偏有一些名词不听话，变化不规则。这些小调皮是： a. class, box, watch, brush等词以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾，复数要加-es； b. story, factory 等以辅音字母+y结尾的词复数要先将-y 变成-i再加-es； c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe结尾的词一般先将-f或-fe变为-v, 再加-es； d. 以-o结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是元音字母+o 的词加-s，我们学过的有radio,zoo。末尾是辅音字母+o的词，变复数加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato，当然其中的piano 和photo，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-s。 e. child（children）, foot（feet）, tooth（teeth）, mouse（mice）, man （men ）, woman（women ）等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。 注意：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans； f. deer，sheep等词更是懒得可以，竟然单复数同形。好记好记。people，police，cattle 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。the English，the French，the
初二期末英语必考的十二大语法点 一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 （1）单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest （2）以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在 原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest （4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest （5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily （6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
八年级上学期的英语语法总结(全部! 一、只能修饰可数名词的词语有: many, many a(n, a good / great many, a (great / large number of, scores of, dozens of等。例如: Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening. 开张后的头几天,很多人去了那儿。 I have been there dozens of times. 我已去过那儿很多次了。 There’re a number of students reading English in the classroom. 教室里有许多学生在读英语。 Many a student has(=many students havevisited the Great Wall.(谓语动词用单数 很多学生都游览过长城。 In winter, a good many animals sleep under the snow. 冬天很多动物在雪下冬眠。 注意: many所修饰的复数名词前若有限定词,many 后面要接of, 表示―……中的很多‖。例如: A great many(of the graduates have found jobs. 毕业生中很多人已经找到了工作。 二、只能修饰不可数名词的词语有:
much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of等。例如: Is there much water in the bucket? 桶里有很多水吗? He always has a great amount of work to do. 他总是有很多工作要做。 三、既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有: a lot of, lots of, plenty of (以上三个词语后谓语动词的数依of 后的名词的单复数而定,a great / large quantity of (其后谓语用单数,quantities of (其后谓语用复数。例如: There is still lots of snow in the garden. 花园里还有许多雪。 There is plenty of rain here. 这儿的雨水很多。 A great quantity of flowers was placed in the hall. 大厅里放了很多鲜花。 There are large quantities of food in the cupboard. 橱柜里有许多食物。 在所有这些表示―很多‖的词语中many, much 是最常用的词,它们既可以用于肯定句,也可以用于疑问句和否定句。例如: Are there many people in the street?
目录 一、音素及音标 (2) 二、音节及音节的划分 (3) 三、常用字母或字母组合发音规律 (4) 1、元音字母及组合的发音 (4) （1）与字母a 相关的单词 (4) （2）与字母 e 相关的单词 (5) （3）与字母i 相关的单词 (6) （4）与字母o 相关的单词 (7) （5）与字母u 相关的单词 (8) 2、辅音字母及组合的发音 (9) （1）单个字母 (9) （2）字母组合 (10) 四、词的变式及用法 (11) 1、名词及名词的复数形式 (11) 2、冠词及其用法 (12) 3、代词及其用法 (13) 4、形容词的比较级和最高级 (14) 5、介词的固定用法 (15) 五、时态及语法 (16) 1、一般现在时及其用法 (16) 2、现在进行时 (19) 3、一般将来时 (20) 4、一般过去时 (21) 六、常见固定词组 (23) 附各专项测试习题 (24)
一、音素及音标 音素：英语把组成一个读音的最小单位叫音素。因素分为元音和辅音（相当于语文中的韵母和声母） 1、元音（韵母） 1.1发音方式：靠声带发音，有声调，气流通过喉头、口腔不受阻碍。 元音单元音 长元音[a:][?:][i:][?:][u:] 短元音[Λ][?][i][?][u][?][e]双元音[ai][ei][?i][i? ][e? ][u? ][au][?u] 1.3元音的结构 元音的常见构成有： 组合方式举例1单个元音字母D o g 2元音字母+元音字母S ee、s ea、m ea t、b oo k 3元音字母+辅音字母T al l、pl ay a e i o u 2、辅音（声母） 2.1发音方式：主要是用气流与牙齿舌头等其它器官摩擦发音,气流通过喉头、口腔要受到某个部位的阻碍。 辅音10对 清辅音[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [∫][t∫][tr] [θ][ts] 浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [?][d?][dr] [e] [dz] 3个鼻音[m] [n] [η] 3个似拼音[h] [r] [l] 2个半元音[w] [j] 组合方式举例 1单个辅音字母D og、b ook 2辅音字母+辅音字tr ee、dr aw、tea ch、sh ip 26个字母中，除去5个元音字母（a、e、i、o、u），其他字母都是辅音字母。 3、开音节（结尾必然是元音字母） 分类组成举例绝对开音节辅音+元音He、go、hi、do、be、tree、three、相对开音节辅音+元音+辅音+e name、bike、home、due、plane、shine 4、闭音节（结尾必然是辅音字母） 分类组成举例 1元音+辅音it、is、of、in、on、up、out、ant 2辅音+元音+辅音bad、bed、sit、hot、cup、let sleep
八年级英语(仁爱版上册语言点归纳Unit 1 Playing Sports Topic 1 What’s your favorite sport?重点词语: 1. almost(反义词never 2.win(过去式won(名词winner 3.skate (现在分词skating 4.famous(比较级more famous 5.arrive(同义词get to 6.leave(过去式left 7.popular(最高级most popular 8.healthy(同义词fit(名词health 词组 1. during the summer holidays 在暑假期间 2. between…and… 在两者之间 3. cheer sb. on 为某人加油 4. prefer doing sth. 更喜欢做某事 5. quite a bit/a lot 很多
6. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 7. have a skating club 举办滑雪俱乐部 8.go skating/skiing/bicycling/climbing/hiking 去滑雪/滑冰/骑车/爬山/远足 9. arrive in 到达 10. play against…与……对抗/较量 11. for long 很久 12. leave for… 动身去… 13. the day after tomorrow 后天 14. places of interest 名胜 16. play baseball 打棒球 17. at least 至少 18. be good at=do well in 善于做某事 19. take part in=join in =be in 参加 20. all over the world =around the world全世界 21. be good for 对……有益 22. a good way to do sth 做…的一种好方法 23. keep fit/healthy 保持健康
八年级上册英语语法知识点总结（一）一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t
否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 练一练 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I’ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.
精品文档 初中英语语法——三大从句汇总 在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点 A、定语从句专项讲解与训练 一、定语从句概念 定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当，所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又称作关系从句。 定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例： The woman who lives next door is a teacher. 先行词定语从句 在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词代替前面的先行词，并且在定语从句中充当句子成分，可
以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有：who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示： 先行词主格宾格所有格 人 who whom whose 物 which which whose of which 人、物 that that — （一）关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法 who代替人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语。例如： An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。 精品文档． 精品文档 I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。 whom代替人，是宾格，在定语从句作宾语，在非正式英语常可省略。例如：