跨境贸易人民币结算
——进出口企业的新选择一、跨境贸易人民币结算业务特点及优势
控制风险：有助于控制汇兑损益，降低企业运营风险，锁定利润空间
——可以有效规避因人民币和其它外币间的汇率波动而带来的损失
管理更优：便于境内公司进行财务安排和资金调拨，简化核销手续
——明细成本核算，方便企业核算损益
——不纳入外汇核销管理，企业在报关或者办理出口退税时无需提供外汇核销单
——收款无需进行出口收汇联网核查
——企业主要与银行业务来往，无需办理人民银行、外汇局相关审批
政策支持：人民币结算是目前政府层面极力支持和推进的结算方式
——同样可以享受出口退税政策
——人民币形式的对外负债（如延期付款、预收货款等）不占用外债指标
为满足企业实际需要，允许企业将出口人民币收入存放境外
与外币计价进出口一样可异地报关
可提供人民币贸易融资，解决跨境融资难题，加快资金周转
二、银行、企业办理跨境贸易人民币结算流程图
1、通过境内代理行渠道办理
2、通过港澳清算行渠道办理
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三、跨境人民币业务政策解答
1、跨境人民币试点的业务种类包括哪些？
中国企业可与境外企业在跨境货物贸易、服务贸易和其他经常项目交易中以人民币进行结算。跨境贸易人民币结算试点地区的境内企业可以使用人民币进行对外直接投资，其它资本项下人民币结算目前暂施行个案试点。
2、中国境内哪些地方是试点地区？
目前，跨境贸易人民币结算试点地区包括北京、天津、上海、内蒙古、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、湖北、广东、广西、海南、重庆、四川、云南、西藏、新疆，共20个省（自治区、直辖市）。
3、境外哪些国家、地区的企业可以与中国企业开展跨境贸易人民币结算业务？
跨境贸易人民币结算试点对境外地域范围没有限制，所有国家和地区（含港澳台）的企业都可按照当地的法律规定与中国企业开展跨境贸易人民币结算业务。
4、中国境内哪些银行可以提供跨境贸易人民币结算服务？
中国境内具有国际结算业务能力的银行都可作为境内结算银行为企业提供跨境贸易人民币结算、清算服务。
5、境外企业有哪些渠道获取人民币资金用于贸易支付？
如其本国法律允许，境外企业有多种途径获取人民币资金用于贸易支付。一是境外企业可以向中国境内结算银行申请人民币贸易融资，融资金额以境外企业与境内企业之间的贸易合同金额
为限；二是境外企业可以在香港发行人民币债券融资；三是境外企业可以从境外参加银行购买或借入人民币。
6、境外企业通过贸易获取人民币后有哪些运用渠道？
用于进口贸易人民币结算；在香港购买人民币债券；通过境外参加银行投资于中国银行间债券市场（如其本国法律允许）；存款等按照当地法律和市场因素使用人民币资金。
7、境外企业可否在中国境内银行开立人民币结算账户？
如其本国法律允许，境外企业可以在中国商业银行开立人民币结算账户，用于各项跨境人民币业务结算。
境外机构人民币银行结算账户为活期存款账户，存款利率按照中国人民银行公布的活期存款利率执行，境内银行暂不可将该资金转入定期存款账户。
8、开展跨境人民币业务对于企业而言有什么好处？
跨境交易使用人民币结算，有利于企业优化汇率风险管理，减少汇兑成本，节省外币衍生品交易费用，操作流程也更加简单，有利于促进贸易投资的便利化。
四、重要政策文件索引
1、《跨境贸易人民币结算试点管理办法》，中国人民银行等六部委，2009年7月
2、《跨境贸易人民币结算试点管理办法实施细则》，中国人民银行，2009年7月
3、《关于跨境贸易人民币结算出口货物退（免）税有关事项的通知》，国家税务总局，2009年8月
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4、《监管司关于跨境贸易人民币结算试点问题的通知》，海关总署，2009年9月
5、《关于境外人民币清算行等三类机构运用人民币投资银行间债券市场试点有关事宜的通知》，中国人民银行，2010年8月
6、《境外机构人民币银行结算账户管理办法》，中国人民银行，2010年9月
7、《境外直接投资人民币结算试点管理办法》，中国人民银行，2011年1月
Cross-border RMB Business
——New Choices for Corporation
ⅠAnswers to relevant questions on the pilot program of renminbi settlement of cross-border transactions
1. What kinds of cross-border transaction settled in renminbi are included in the pilot program?
Overseas enterprises can settle transactions in renminbi with Chinese enterprises for cross-border goods trade, service trade and other current account transactions. Enterprises in the pilot areas can settle transactions in renminbi for oversea direct investment.
2. What are the designated pilot areas in China?
Currently, there are 20 designated provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under central government) as pilot areas for the program of renminbi settlement of cross-border transactions including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Inner Mengol Autonomous Region, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilon gjiang, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
3. Overseas enterprises from which countries or regions can settle cross-border transactions in renminbi with Chinese enterprises? There is no limitation on overseas regions. Enterprises from any country
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or region (including Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan) can settle transactions in renminbi with Chinese mainland enterprises in accordance with local laws and regulations.
4. Which banks can provide renminbi settlement services for cross-border transactions?
Banks in Mainland China capable of conducting international settlement business can provide renminbi clearing and settling services for cross-border transactions as domestic settlement banks.
5. What are the channels for an overseas enterprise to acquire renminbi fund for trade payment?
An overseas enterprise has several channels to acquire renminbi fund for trade payment, as accommodated by its local law. First, the overseas enterprise can apply for renminbi trade finance from domestic settlement banks, with the borrowing amount not exceeding the value specified in the trade contract between the overseas enterprise and the domestic counterparty. Second, the overseas enterprise can issue renminbi bond at Hong Kong. Third, the overseas enterprise can purchase or borrow reinminbi from overseas participating banks.
6. What are the channels for an overseas enterprise to use the renminbi proceeds received under transactions?
According to the law and market factors, it can be used for renminbi settlement of its import trade with Mainland China, renminbi bond purchase at Hong Kong, investment at inter-bank bond market in
Mainland China via an overseas participating bank, saving, etc., depending on its local laws and regulations.
7. Can an overseas enterprise open a renminbi settlement account at
a domestic commercial bank?
As accommodated by its local law, an overseas enterprise can open a renminbi settlement account, known as non-resident account, at a commercial bank in Mainland China for cross-border renminbi settlement.
The overseas institution’s renminbi settlement accounts are current deposit accounts. The interest rate is set by the current deposit interest rate issued by the PBC. Currently domestic commercial banks cannot transfer the fund of the accounts to fixed deposit accounts.
Ⅱ、What is the operational flow for renminbi settlement
1、the operational flow for renminbi settlement of cross-border
transactions through domestic agent banks
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2、the operational flow for renminbi Settlement of cross-border transactions by renminbi clearing banks in Hong Kong and Macau
Ⅲ、The principle regulations on the pilot program of renminbi settlement of cross-border trade transactions
1、The Administrative Rules on Pilot Program of Renminbi Settlement of Cross-border Trade Transactions,issued by the People’s Bank of China
(PBC) and relevant agencies , July 2009
2、Regulations for Implementing the Administrative Rules on Pilot Program of Renminbi Settlement of Cross-border Trade Transactions, issued by PBC, July 2009
3、Notice on Expansion of the Pilot Project of RMB Settlement in
Cross-border Trades , Issued by People’s Bank of China, M inistry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce, General Administration of Customs, State Administration of Taxation, China Banking Regulatory Commission , 17 June 2010
4、Circulation of the Peoples’ Bank of China on Trial operation of three types of Institutions such as Overseas RMB Settlement Bank to make RMB investment in OTC bond market, issued by PBC, Aug 2010
5、Notice of the PBOC on issuing the measures for the Administration of RMB Bank Settlement Account for Overseas Institutes，issued by PBC, August 31th 2010,
6、Administrative Measures on RMB Settlement In Outbound Direct Investment on a Trial Basis，issued by PBC, Jan 6th 2011
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