2013高考英语考纲词汇详解

Aa (an) art.一（个、件……）abandon vt.放弃，遗弃ability n.能力; 力量;智慧, 才智; 天资able a. 能够；有能力的be able to do sth能,会abnormal a.反常的, 异常的; 变态的aboard prep.在(船、飞机、车)上, 上(船、飞机、车) adv.在船(或飞机、车)上, 上船(或飞机、车)about ad. 大约；到处；四处prep.关于；在各处；四处above prep. 在……上面a. 上面的ad.在……之上abroad ad. 到（在）国外absence n. 不在, 缺席, 缺乏,absent a.缺席，不在absolute a. 完全的, 绝对的absorb vt. 吸收（光，热，水等）；吸引（注意）；吸收，理解（知识等）abstract a. 抽象的n.抽象, 抽象概念,抽象性;摘要, 梗概vt.提取, 抽取；做…的摘要absurd a. 荒谬的, 荒唐的abundant a. 大量的, 充足的abuse vt.侮辱，滥用，虐待academic a. 学校的,学院的;学术性的; 纯理论的, 不切实际的n. 大学教师; 专业学者academy n.专科院校accelerate vt. & vi.(使)加快, (使)增速accent n.口音, 腔调;重音, 重音符号;强调, 重点[æk'sent] vt. 重读accept vt. 接受access n.通道, 入口; 接近[取得]…的方法[权利等] vt. 存取(计算机文件) accident n.事故，意外的事accommodation n.住处(尤指仅供短期使用的)accompany vt. 陪伴, 陪同;伴奏accomplish vt. 完成，实现according to按照，根据account n. 账, 账户; 记述, 描述, 报道vi. 解释; 说明vt.认为accumulate vt.积累，增加accurate a.精确的, 准确的accuse vt. 指控，控告，指责accustomed a. 习惯的ache vi.& n. 痛，疼痛achieve vt. 达到，取得achievement n.成就; 功绩;达到;完成acid a.酸味的, 酸的; 尖刻的n.〈化〉酸acknowledge vt. 承认, 供认; 告知已收到; 鸣谢, 感谢acquire vt.（靠自己的能力努力）获得，得到across prep.横过，穿过act n.法令，条例v. （戏）表演，扮演（角色演出（戏）；行动，做事action n .行动, 活动; 所做之事, 行为;情节; 作用, 功能active a.积极的，主动的activity n. 活动性, 活力actor n.男演员actress n.女演员actual a. 实际的；现实的ad n.广告AD/A.D. abbr.Anno Domini 〈美〉公元adapt vt.适应，改编add vt.添加，增加addicted a.上瘾的addition n.加; 加法;增加的人或事物address n. 地址; 演说, 演讲vt. 向…讲话, 向…发表演说; 写信给…; 称呼; 在(信封或包裹等)上写上收信人的姓名、地址adequate a. 充分的, 足够的; 适当的,胜任的adjust vt.调整, 调节, 校准, 使适合adjustment n.调整, 调节administration n.实行, 执行;管理, 经营, 支配; 政府, 内阁admirable a. 令人称赞的;令人钦佩的admire v. 钦佩；羡慕admission n. 准许进入; 入场费, 入场券; 承认, 供认admit vt.承认，准许（入场，入学，）adolescence n. 青少年adopt vt. 采用, 收养adore vt.爱慕; 崇拜; 非常喜欢adult n.成年人advance v.推进，促进；前进advantage n. 优点；好处adventure n.冒险；奇遇advertise vt.公布, 宣传vt. & vi.(给…)做广告宣传advertisement n.广告advice n.忠告，劝告，建议advise vt.忠告，劝告，建议advocate vt.提倡, 主张n.提倡者, 拥护者；辩护律师, 辩护人affair n.事，事情affect vt.影响；感动；假装affection n.喜爱, 爱；〈心〉感情afford vt.负担得起（……的费用）；抽得出（时间）；提供afraid a.害怕的；担心be afraid of 害怕，担忧Africa n. 非洲African a. 非洲的，非洲人的n. 非洲人after ad.在后；后来prep. 在……之后；在后面conj.在……以后after all 毕竟；究竟afternoon n.下午，午后afterward(s) ad. 然后，后来again ad.再一次；再，又again and again 再三地，反复地once again 再次against prep. 对着，反对age n.年龄；时代at the age of 在。

2013福建高考新增20个词汇讲解1. community n2. complain v3. contact n&v4. fashion n5. fund n&v6.guy n7. imitate v 8．individual n & a 9. invest v 10. involve v 11. item n 12. negative a 13. occasion n 14. opportunity n 15. series n 16. sign n & v17.solve v 18. spoil v 19. survey n & v 20. threat n.munity n 1).[C]社区，社会，团体，界rural communities 村落the academic community学术界The President met leaders of the black community during his visit to Chicago.2).公众，大众The job of a politician is to serve the (whole)community.3).[U]共有，共享community of property/companies财产共有；公司共有community care 社区关怀community council地方议会plain v投诉；抱怨；发牢骚；诉苦n.=complaint Mary is always complaining.complain to sb about sth complain that…1）He complained that the room was too hot.2）They complained bitterly to government about the injustice of the system.他们愤恨向政府抱怨制度不公平。

金凌虹考研英语词汇12013年考研英语大纲新增单词北京新东方金凌虹“英语语言的演变是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。

这意味着需要对大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。

同时，这种变化是循序渐进的，每次的量（即在词汇表中所占比例）都不会很大。

”——《2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲》2013《大纲》删除了原词表的58个单词，新增59个常用词。

备注：词义及搭配选择来自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》○1Accustom [ə'kʌstəm]vt. 使习惯Accustom oneself/sb/sth to sth使自己等习惯於某事物:Be accustomed to sth. 习惯於某事物Accustomed [attrib 作定语] 通常的; 惯常的○2Alienate [ˈeiliəneit]vt.使疏远，离间；转让(财产等)Alienate sb (from sb/sth) 使某人疏远或冷淡; 离间某人Transfer the ownership of (property)from one person to another 转让（财产）所有权; 让渡. (law 律)○3Allegiance [ə'li:dʒəns]n.忠诚, 效忠Allegiance (to sb/sth) ：support of or loyalty to agovernment, ruler, cause, etc（对政府﹑统治者﹑事业等的）拥护, 忠诚金凌虹考研英语词汇2○4Ape [eip]n.猿vt.模仿Any of the four (usu tailless) primates(gorilla, chimpanzee, orang-utan, gibbon) most closely related to man 猿（通常指无尾猿, 大猩猩﹑黑猩猩﹑猩猩或长臂猿）.Go ape (sl 俚) start behaving crazily 变得狂热; 发疯似的.Imitate (sb/sth)学（某人[某事物]）的样; 模仿.○5Archaeology [ˌɑ:kiˈɔlədʒi] n.考古学Archaeological / ˏɑːkɪəˈlɔdʒɪkl/ adj 考古学的; 与考古学有关的Archaeologist / ˏɑːkɪˈɔlədʒɪst / n expert in archaeology 考古学家.○6Bail [beil] n.保释, 杓,把手,保证金, 担保人vt.保释, 往外舀水, 使摆脱困境vi.舀空n. Money paid by or for a person accused of a crime保释金.n. Permission for a person to be released on such security 准许保释v. bail sb out (a) obtain or allow the release of sb on bail 保释某人.v. bail (out)/sth (out) throw (water) out of a boat with buckets, etc; clear (a boat) in this way 用桶将（水）从船内舀出; 以这种方式给（船）清除积水○7Blog [ blɔg ]n.博客, 网络随笔,日志A type of DIARY on a WEB SITE that is changedregularly, to give the latest news.○8Botany ['bɔtəni]n. 植物学, 植物Botanical[bəˈtnɪkl] adj植物学的; 与植物学有关的.Botanist [ˈbɔtənɪst] n植物学家.Botanize[ˈbɔtənaɪz]v研究﹑采集野生植物.○9Buzz [bʌz]vi.发出嗡嗡声；忙乱n.嗡嗡声(嘈杂)金凌虹考研英语词汇3○10Censorship ['sensəʃip] n. 审查员（或检查员）的职位;审查（制度），检查（制度）The process of removing parts of books, movies, letters, etc. that are considered inappropriate for moral, religious, or political reasons 因为某些道德、宗教、政治原因，将书本、电影和书信中的某些部分删除的过程Censor [ˈsensə] v.检查(书报)○11Comet [ˈkɔmit]n.彗星A comet is a bright object with a long tailthat travels around the sun.围绕太阳运转的、带有长尾的明亮星体○12Contagious [kənˈteidʒəs]a.(有)传染性的；有感染力的(of a disease) spreading by contact （指疾病）（接）触（传）染的Spreading easily from one person to another 容易感染他人的; 感染性的:○13Converge [kənˈvə:dʒ]vi.会合；聚集，集中；(思想、观点等)趋近Converge (on sb/sth); ~ (at sth)（指线条﹑运动物体等）会於一点; 聚集(tend to) become similar or identical （趋於）相似或相同○14Culprit [ˈkʌlprit]n.罪犯；引起不良后果的事物(原因)Person who has done sth wrong; offender 犯过者; 犯罪者A fact or situation that is the reasonfor something bad happening 起因，原因○15Daunt [dɔ:nt]vt.使胆怯，使气馁Frighten 使（某人）气馁; 威吓Nothing daunted (fml or joc 文或谑)毫无惧色; 毫不气馁Daunting adj discouraging; frightening 使人气馁的; 吓人的Dauntless adj勇敢的; 无畏的金凌虹考研英语词汇4○16Debut [ˈdeibju:]n.首次演出，初次露面n. first appearance in public as a performer (on stage, etc)演员首次（登台等）演出○17Default [diˈfɔ:lt]n.违约；弃权；预设vi.不履行义务，拖欠n.(esp law 尤用於法律) failure to do sth, esp to pay a debt or appear in court不做某事; （尤指）不还债, 不出庭.In default of sth/sb (fml 文) because or in case sth/sb is absent因某物[某人]未在场; 在无某物[某人]时v．Fail to do what one is supposed to do (eg to appear in a lawcourt)未做应做的事（如出庭）; 不履行; 不到场; 不出庭:Default (on sth) fail to pay (a debt, etc) 未付（债等）:Defaulter：person who defaults不履行职责者; 未到场者; 不出庭者; 未付款者.○18Defer [diˈfə:]vt.推迟，拖延vi.(to)遵从，听从，服从Defer sth (to sth) delay sth until a later time; postpone sth使（某事）延期; 推迟Deferred shares延期付息股份Defer to sb/sth give way to sb or sb's wishes,judgement, etc, usu out of respect服从某人的意愿﹑判断等; （通常为）遵从○19Deplore [di'plɔ:]vt. 悲叹, 谴责, 对... 深感遗憾Be shocked or offended by (sth); condemn 被（某事物）震惊或触犯; 谴责: Feel sorrow or regret about (sth) 对（某事物）感到悲伤或悔恨.Deplorable [dɪˈplɔːrəbl] adj that is, or should be, condemned（应）受谴责的○20Diabetes [ˌdaiəˈbi:ti:z]n.糖尿病Diabetes is a medical conditionin which someone has too much sugar in their blood.一种医学状况，血液当中含有过多的糖分金凌虹考研英语词汇5○21Dinosaur ['dainəsɔ:]n.恐龙n.(俚)过时、落伍的人或事物A type of reptile which stopped existingabout 60 000 000 years ago.6千万年前存在的爬行动物An old-fashioned person or thingthat people no longer consider to be useful.人们认为不再有用的过时的人或物○22Dioxide [daiˈɔksaid]n.二氧化物○23Embryo ['embriəu]n. 胚胎, 萌芽Young animal or plant in the early stages.胚; 胚胎; 萌芽时期Plan, scheme, etc in its very early stages 初步的计划﹑方案等In embryo已存在但尚未发展的Embryology [embrɪˈɔlədʒɪ] 胚胎学Embryologist [embrɪˈɔlədʒɪst]胚胎学家.Embryonic[embrɪˈɔnɪk]adj [usu attrib 通常作定语]in an early stage of development 在发育的最初阶段的; 胚胎的○24Endorse [inˈdɔ:s]vt.赞同；签名于…背面Write one's name on the back of (esp a cheque)在（尤指支票）的背面签字; 背书.Give one's (official) approval or support to (a claim, statement, etc)（正式）赞同或支持（某要求﹑言论等）Say in an advertisement that one uses and approves of (a product)在广告上说本人使用并赞许（某产品）Endorsement n (a) [U] act of endorsing背书; 批注; （在执照上的）违章记录; 赞同; 支持○25Ethic [ˈeθik]n.道德(行为)准则，伦理标准；[-s]伦理学System of moral principles; rules of conduct 道德标准; 行为准则Ethics n (a) [sing v] science that deals with morals 伦理学金凌虹考研英语词汇6○26Fiscal [ˈfiskəl] a.国库的，(政府)财政的Connected with (public) money.○27Franchise ['frænˌtʃaiz] n.特许经销权, 选举权, 特权[U] right to vote at public elections（公众选举的）投票权, 选举权Formal permission to sell a company's goodsor services in a particular area （正式授予在某地区销售某某公司的货物或经营某业务的）特权○28Freelance [ˈfri:lɑ:ns] n./ a.自由职业者(的) vi.从事自由职业Doing particular pieces of work for different organizations,rather than working all the time for a single organization: 为不同的组织做特定的工作，而不是为单个组织一直工作○29Genre [ˈʒɔnrə] n.(文学、艺术等的)类型，体裁，风格Particular style or kind, esp of works of art or literaturegrouped according to their form or subject matter 种类; 类型; （尤指按形式或主题划分的文艺作品的）风格, 体裁○30Glacier [ˈglæsiə]n.冰川，冰河Mass of ice, formed by snow on mountains,moving slowly down a valley 冰川; 冰河.金凌虹考研英语词汇7○31Guild [gild] n.行会，同业公会，协会Society of people with similar interests and aims,esp one of the associations of craftsmen or merchants in the Middle Ages 协会; 行会○32Herald [ˈherəld]vt.预示…的来临；宣布，欢呼n.信使；预兆Person or thing that announces or showsthat sb/sth is coming 报信者; 先兆Herald sb/sth (in)：announce the approachof sb/sth 宣布某人[某事物]即将来临○33Hormone [ˈhɔ:məun] n.荷尔蒙，激素○34Hygiene [ˈhaidʒi:n] n.卫生，保健学Study and practice of cleanliness as a wayof maintaining good health and preventing disease 卫生（学）Hygienic adj free from germs that cause disease;clean 卫生的; 清洁的○35Inaugurate [iˈnɔ:gjureit]vt.开始；举行就职典礼(开幕式，落成式)Inaugurate sb (as sth) introduce (a new public officialor leader) at a special ceremony为（新官员或领袖）举行就职典礼Mark the beginning of (an organization or undertaking)or open (a building, an exhibition, etc)with a special ceremony （组织或工程的创立或开工）举行仪式; （建筑物﹑展览会等）举行落成或开幕仪式Be the beginning of (sth); introduce开创, 创始, 引进（某事物）○36Ivory [ˈaivəri]n.象牙；象牙色，乳白色An ivory tower象牙塔（对日常生活中烦恼的现实视而不见者的退身之所或处境）:金凌虹考研英语词汇8○37Lyric [ˈlirik] a.抒情的n.[常pl.]歌词○38Marathon ['mærəθən]n.马拉松, 耐力比赛Long-distance running race(of about 42 km or 26 miles)马拉松赛跑（约42公里或26英里）Long-lasting event which is hard to endure拖时长久令人难以忍受的事情○39Memorandum [ˌmeməˈrændəm] n.备忘录；记录Note made for future use,esp to help oneself remember sth （备忘的）记录; 备忘录(law 律) record of an agreement that has beenreached but not yet formally drawn up and signed （已达成但尚未拟就及签字的）协议记录; 意向书. ○40Module [ˈmɔdju:l] n.组件，模块，模件；(航天器的)舱○41Neutron [ˈnju:trɔn] n.中子○42Nostalgic [nɔˈstældʒik]a.怀旧的，引起对往事怀恋的Nostalgic things cause you to thinkaffectionately about the past.○43Obesity [əu'bi:siti]n.肥胖, 肥大A condition in which someoneis too fat in a way that is dangerous for their health.金凌虹考研英语词汇9○44Overhaul [ˌəuvə'hɔ:l]vt.翻修, 仔细检查, 革新, 赶上n.彻底检查, 全面检修Examine (sth) carefully and thoroughlyand make any necessary repairs 彻底检修（某物）:Catch up with and overtake (sth)追上并超过（某事物）○45Portfolio [pɔ:t'fəuljəu]n.文件夹, 公事包,作品集, 投资组合, （大臣或）部长职务Flat case (often made of leather)for carrying loose papers, documents, drawings, etc公事包, 文件夹（常为皮制的）.Set of investments (eg stocks and shares)owned by a person, bank, etc（个人﹑银行等所有的）投资组合（如债券和股票）:Position and duties of a minister of State大臣或部长的职位或职责○46Recession [riˈseʃən]n.(经济的)衰退，衰退期Temporary decline in economicactivity or prosperity （经济）衰退; 不景气Recessionary [attrib 作定语]of a slowing of economic activity （经济）萧条的, 疲软的○47Redeem [riˈdi:m]vt.弥补；救赎(回)；挽回声誉；兑取现金Redeem sth (from sb/sth)buy back sth by paying the required sum; recover sth 买回或赎回某物[Tn] (fml 文) keep (a promise); fulfil 遵守（诺言）; 履行Redeem sb (from sth) (a) obtain the freedom of sb,esp by payment; rescue sb 使某人获得自由; （尤指）为某人赎身; 解救某人Redeemable / -əbl; -əbl/ adj that can be redeemed可赎回的; 可补救的; 可偿清的; （债券等）可兑现的金凌虹考研英语词汇10○48Rehearse [ri'hə:s]vt.预演, 排演, 预先演习, 详述, 复述vi.参加彩排Practice(a play, piece of music, etc) for public performance排练（戏剧﹑乐曲等）; 排演Give an account of (sth), esp to oneself; recite讲述（某事物）; （尤指）自述, 背诵Rehearsal n.排练; 排演; 训练; 讲述; 背诵○49Salient ['seiljənt]adj.突出的, 显著的, 跳跃的n.突出部分Most noticeable or important; main 显着的; 重要的; 主要的(Of an angle) pointing outwards （指角）凸出的○50Scenario [siˈnɑ:riəu]n.剧情说明书，剧本Written outline of a film, play,etc with details of the scenes and plot（电影﹑戏剧等的）脚本﹑剧情概要等Imagined sequence of future events 想像中的未来事情的顺序○51Snobbish ['snɔbiʃ]adj.势利的, 自命不凡的Sb who is too proud of their social status, intelligence, or taste. 对自身的社会地位、智力和品味过于骄傲○52Stagnant ['stægnənt]adj.不流动的, 停滞的, 不景气的(of water) not flowing and therefore dirty andsmelling unpleasant; still and stale（指水）因不流动而污浊﹑腐臭的, 静止而不新鲜的Showing no activity (and therefore not developingor progressing); sluggish 停滞的; 不景气的金凌虹考研英语词汇11○53Statistics [stəˈtistiks]n.统计，统计数字；统计学Collection of information shown in numbers（一组）数据, 统计数字, 统计资料○54Taboo [tə'bu:]n.禁忌, 禁止接近, 禁止使用adj.禁忌的vt.禁忌(in certain cultures) ban or prohibitionon sth that is regarded for religious or other reasonsas not to be done, touched, used, etc（某些文化的）禁忌, 忌讳.○55Toil [tɔil]n.辛苦, 苦工, 罗网, 圈套v.费力地做,苦干, 跋涉Toil away (at/over sth) work long or hard长时间或辛苦工作Move slowly and with difficulty in the specified direction缓慢而艰难地向某方向移动○56Transit [ˈtrænzit, -sit]n.运输，载运Process of going or being taken or transportedfrom one place to another 搬运; 载运; 运输○57Turmoil [ˈtə:mɔil]n.骚动，混乱，动乱Great disturbance, agitation or confusion骚动; 混乱; 动乱○58V accine [ˈvæksi:n]n.牛痘苗，疫苗Substance that is injected into the bloodstreamand protects the body by makingit have a mild form of the disease 疫苗; 菌苗金凌虹考研英语词汇12（建议增加词条）○59Plaintiff [ˈpleintif]n.原告Person who brings a legal action against sb 原告○60Defendant [diˈfendənt]n.被告Person accused or sued in a legal case 被告; 被告人2012年9月15日星期六于北京海淀区魏公村。

*本词汇表不列词组和短语。

*本词汇表不列语法术语。

*部分可根据构词法推导出的 副词、名词等不单列。

%国家名称及相关信息单独列出。

*数字（含基数词、序数词）、星期、月份等词单独列出。

注：加粗的的单词是今年新增的词。

vi = 不及物动词，intransitive verb 的缩写 vt = 及物动词，transitive verb 的缩写A为及物动词和非及物动词a (an) art. 一（个、件……）amateur a. 业余爱好的abandon v.抛弃，舍弃，放弃amaze v. 惊奇，惊叹；震惊ability n. 能力；才能amazing a.惊奇,惊叹的;震惊的able a. 能够；有能力的ambassador (ambassadress) n.大使abnormal a. 反常的，变态的ambiguous a. 模棱两可的aboard prep. 上（船，飞机，火车，汽车等）ambition n.目标,野心,雄心,抱负abolish v. 废除，废止ambulance n. 救护车about ad. 大约；到处；四处 prep. 关于；在各处；四处among prep. 在…中间；在（三个以上）之间above prep. 在……上面 a. 上面的 ad. 在……之上amount n. / v. 金额，数量，总计abroad ad. 到（在）国外ample a. 足够的，丰裕的abrupt a. 突然的，意外的，粗鲁amuse vt. （使人）快乐，逗乐absence n. 不在，缺席amusement n. 娱乐absent a. 缺席， 不在analyse v. 分析absolute a. 完全，全部，绝对的analysis n. 分析，分析结果absorb v. 吸收，使全神贯注ancestor n. 祖宗； 祖先abstract a./ n. 抽象的（作品）ancient a. 古代的，古老的abundant a.大量,丰盛的,充裕的and conj. 和；又；而abuse v.（酗酒）滥用,虐待,恶语anger n. 怒，愤怒academic a. / n. 学术的，教学的angle n. 角度academy n.专科学院,（美）私立学校angry a. 生气的，愤怒的accelerate v.（使）加速，加快animal n. 动物accent n. 口音，音调ankle n. 踝，踝关节accept vt. 接受anniversary n. 周年纪念日acceptable adj. 可接受的announce vt. 宣布，宣告access n. / v. 通道，入径，存取（计算机文件）announcement n. 通告，通知accessible a. 可到达的，可接受的，易接近的annoy vt. （使）烦恼accident n. 事故，意外的事annual a. 每年的，年度的，一年一次的accommodation n.住宿，膳宿another a. 再一；另一；别的；不同的 pron. 另一个accompany v.伴随，伴奏,answer n.回答,答复;回信;答案 v.回答,答复;回信;（作出）答案accomplish v. 完成ant n. 蚂蚁according adv. (~ to) 按照，依据 antique n. 古董account n. 账目;描述anxiety n. 担忧，焦虑accountant n. 会计，会计师anxious a. 忧虑的，焦急的accuracy n. 准确，精确any pron. （无论）哪一个；哪任何的；（用于疑问句、否定句）一些；什么accurate a. 准确的，精确的anybody pron. 任何人，无论谁accuse v. 正确无误的,精确的 anyhow ad. 不管怎样accustomed a. 习惯于,惯常的anyone pron. 任何人，无论谁ache vi.& n. 痛，疼痛anything pron. 什么事（物）；任何事（物）2013年江苏高考英语词汇表说明：本词汇表以教育部颁发的《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》词汇表和话题项目表为依据，对2012年江苏省英语考试说明词汇表进行了勘误校对，对一些常用词条的词性进行了修订，旨在使其更好地适应我省考生英语学习的实际需要。

黄冈中学高考2013届英语考纲词汇总结A1.abandon v. 放弃，抛弃2.ability n. 能力；才能have the ability to do有做…的能力3.able be able to do = be capable of doing 能够干unable ability n. disable vt.使残废disabled adj.残废的4.abnormal a. 不正常的5.aboard prep. 在（或上）船，飞机，火车等go aboard 上船at home and abroad 在国内外6.abolish v. 废除7.about be about to do sth.即将做......be about to dosth...when . I was about to leave when the telephone rang8.above---below over---under9.abroad ad. 到（在）国外10.abrupt a. 突然的，不连贯的11.absence n. 不在，缺席absent a. be absentfrom缺席… (be present at 出席…)12.absolute a. 绝对的13.absorb v. 吸收14.abstract a. & n. 抽象（的）15.absurd a. 荒谬的16.abundant a. 丰富的17.abuse v.滥用，虐待18.academic a. & n. 学校的，学术的19.academy n. 专科院校20.accelerate v. 加快21.accent n. 口音，音调22.accept~ A as B 把A当作B接受/接纳cf. receive23.access n. & v. 接近，进入the access to sp进入…通道（机会）have access to sth 有接近/使用。

湖北省2013年部分高考考纲词汇（人教版9、10、11模块，共362词）abnormal adj. 不正常的；翻唱的；变态的2M11acute adj. 敏锐的4M10adequate adj. 适当的；足够的3M9allergic adj. 过敏的2M10approximate adj. 近似的；大概的1M9autonomous adj. 自治的3M9bored adj. 无聊的；无趣的；烦人的1M10brief adj. 简短的；短暂的3M10casual adj. 偶然的；随意的；临时的5M9cheerful adj. 愉快的；高兴的1M10civil adj. 公民的；国民的3M10complex adj. 复杂的5M11compulsory adj. 必须做的；必修的2M9concrete adj. 具体的；有形的4M10contradictory adj. 同…相反的3M11conventional adj. 习俗的；传统的1M9delicate adj. 精巧的；脆弱的；微妙的4M9depressed adj. 沮丧的；降低的3M11desperate adj. 不顾一切的；绝望的3M9distant adj. 远的；远处的4M9dull adj. 不鲜明的；阴暗的 4M9dynamic adj. 动力的；精力充沛的；有活力的1M10effective adj. 有效的3M11efficient adj. 有效率的；效率高的4M10extreme adj. 极端的；偏激的1M9federal adj. 联邦的；联合的；联邦制的 3M9flexible adj. 灵活的；可通融的 1 M11fluent adj.流利的；流畅的 5 M9fond adj. 喜爱的；慈爱的；宠爱的；溺爱的2M10fragrant adj. 芬芳的；香的4M9frequent adj.时常发生的；经常的4M10fundamental adj. 基础的；基本的3M10generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的5M10greedy adj.贪婪的2M10handy adj. 就近的；便利的；容易取得的1M11hopeful adj. 怀有希望的；有希望的 3M10hopeless adj. 没有希望的；绝望的5M10informal adj. 非正式的；3M11initial adj. 最初的；初始的5M10innocent adj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的2M10lame adj. 瘸的2M11messy adj. 肮脏的；凌乱的；杂乱的4M10minimum adj. 最小的；最低的2M9nationwide adj. 全国性的；全国的 3M10odd adj. 古怪的；奇数的；单数的1M10offshore adj. 离岸的；海面上的 2M9oral adj.口头的；口述的4M10outspoken adj. 坦率直言的5M10precise adj. 精确的；准确的2M9random adj. 任意的；随便的2M9regular adj. 规则的；定期的；常规的1M10ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的4M9secure adj. 安全的；可靠的2M9selfish adj. 自私的1M10sensible adj. 有感觉的；明智的 2M10sensitive adj. 敏感的5M10shabby adj. 破旧的；褴褛的4M10spiritual adj. 精神上得1M9superb adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的3M9temporary adj. 暂时的4M11tight adj. 紧的；紧密的4M9typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的4M9unconscious adj. 不省人事；未发觉的；无意识3M9urgent adj. 急迫的；紧急的1M10vain adj. 徒然的；虚荣的5M10vital adj. 生死攸关的；重要的1M10tough adj. & ad 强硬的；困难的；顽强地1M9anyhow adv.无论如何1M10gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地2M9nowhere adv. 无处2M9partly adv. 部分；在一定程度上5M9therefore adv. 因此；所以1M9aboard adv. & pr 在船（飞机、车等）上；上船（飞机、车等）1M10beneath adv. & pr 在......之下 4 M10underneath adv. & pr在下面；在......的下面4M10academy n. 高等专科院校；学术团体3M11actress n. 女演员5M9adjustment n. 调整；调节1M9administration n. 管理；行政3M11agriculture n. 农业；农学3M9album n. （收集相片、邮票等的）薄、册；唱片4M10 amateur n. 业余爱好者1M9approval n. 赞成；承认5M10armchair n. 扶手椅；（单座）沙发2M10assessment n. 评估2M11association n. 协会；联系；关联 5M9author n. 作家2M10authority n. 权力；权威；当局 3M9bachelor n. 单身汉；（文理）学士3M9background n. 背景；后台2M9baggage n. 行李2M10barbecue n. 金属烤架；烧烤野餐3M9barrier n. 障碍物；栅栏；屏障3M9basis n. 基础；根据5M9bat n. 蝙蝠4M9battle n. 战役；战争3M10beard n. 胡须4M9bedding n. 被褥；（家畜）草垫1M10bench n. 长椅子5M10birthplace n. 诞生地3M9bonus n. 奖金；红利；津贴 4M10boundary n. 边界；分界线2M10brochure n. （作介绍或宣传用的）小册子3M9budget n. 预算5M9buffet n. 自助餐1M11bungalow n. 平房5M10cab n. 出租汽车；计程车 4M10candidate n. 应试者2M11caution n. 小心；谨慎；警告 1M10celebration n. 庆祝；庆典3M9chain n. 链条；锁链5M10champion n. 冠军；优胜者1M9childhood n. 孩童时期；童年5M10choir n. 合唱团3M11circuit n. 环绕道路5M11circumstance n. 环境；详情；境况 1M10circus n. 马戏团4M11citizen n. 市民；公民3M9claw n. 爪；脚爪5M10clay n. 粘土4M11coincidence n. 巧合3M10collar n. 衣领5M10commitment n. 许偌；委托事项；承担义务1M10 component n. 成分；组成部分4M10conflict n. 斗争；冲突4M9constitution n. 宪法3M10consumer n. 消费者；顾客5M9container n. 容器4M9courtyard n. 庭院；院子；天井 4M9crew n. （轮船、飞机等上的）工作人员；（工作）队2M9 critic n. 批评家；评论家5M10currency n. 货币；通货4M10database n. 数据库1M11deadline n. 最后时间；最后期限3M11deed n. 行为；功绩1M9departure n. 出发；离开2M9devotion n. 热爱；投入1M9dilemma n. 进退两难的局面2M9diploma n. 文凭；毕业证书5M11drawback n. 缺点；障碍2M9dusk n. 薄暮；黄昏2M9ecology n. 生态学；生态3M9embassy n. 使馆人员；大使馆 5M11emergency n. 紧急情况；紧急事件2M11emperor n. 皇帝；君主2M10employer n. 雇主；老板3M11entire n. 全部的；完整的1M9equality n. 同等；平等5M10evolution n. 演变；进化4M9expense n. 费用；代价5M9extension n. 分机；延伸；伸展 1M11faith n. 信任；信念；信仰；忠实1M10fashion n.样式；流行；时尚 5M9fault n. 过错；缺点5M10fence n. 栅栏；篱笆1M11fist n. 拳头4M11flame n. 火焰2M11fortnight n. 两星期3M9framework n.框架；结构1M10freeway n. 高速公路4M11function n. 功能；作用；指责；职能5M11funeral n. 葬礼2M11garment n. 衣服；外衣5M9goods n.货物4M9growth n. 成长；生长5M10guidance n. 指导；指引1M11gymnastics n.（pl）体操；体能训练1M9 helicopter n. 直升飞机1M11heritage n. 遗产；继承物3M9heroine n. 女英雄；女主人公 5M10highway n. 公路；大路；（美）高速公路3M9 homeland n.祖国；本国3M9incident n. 事件；事变2M9insurance n. 保险1M11interval n. 间隔；休息3M11invitation n. 邀请5M9lane n. 车道；行车线5M9laughter n. 笑；笑声1M9laundry n. 洗衣店1M11lawyer n.律师1M9liberty n. 自由3M10lord n. 封建领主；地主；统治者；（宗）上帝2M10marathon n. 马拉松赛跑1M9maximum n. 最大量；最大值的 2M11mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯 2M9ministry n.部门2M11motivation n. 动机1M9moustache n. 胡子4M11nation n. 国家；民族3M9offence n.冒犯；违法行为3M10pace n. 速度；步调1M11parcel n. 小包；包裹2M9pillow n. 枕头4M11pint n. 品脱4M11plug n. 电插头4M11pole n. 地极；柱；杆2M9policy n. 政策；方针3M9politician n. 政治家；政客1M9prayer n. 祈祷3M10preference n. 偏爱；优先选择5M11prejudice n. 偏见；成见5M10proportion n. 均衡；比例3M11pulse n. 脉搏4M11punishment n. 惩罚；惩处1M10quilt n. 被褥4M11quotation n. 引用；引述；引文；语录引用语3M10 rainbow n. 彩虹4M10rank n. 等级；军阶；军衔 1M10reality n.真实；事实1M9receipt n. 接受；收据3M11reception n. 招待员；接待员1M9recipe n. 菜谱4M10recommendation n. 推荐信；介绍5M11referee n. 介绍人；裁判5M11reference n. 参考2M9reform n. 改革；革新2M9representative n. 代表1M11response n. 回答；响应；反应 5M9responsibility n. 责任；职责2M10restriction n. 限制；约束4M9roof n. 屋顶；房顶5M10routine n. 常规；日常事务2M9sacrifice n. 牺牲；献身；祭品 2M10salary n. 薪水1M9scale n. 磅秤；天平盘；规模；程度；范围4M9 schedule n. 时间表1M11scholarship n. 奖学金5M11seminar n. 研讨会；讨论发言会4M10 session n.一段时间3M11sheet n. 片；张；薄片；被单5M9 shortcoming n.缺点；短处2M9signal n.信号5M10signature n.签名；署名；信号 2M10slice n. 薄片4M11soul n. 灵魂；心灵；精神 1M9spear n. 矛；标枪4M9sponsor n. 担保人；发起人；赞助者5M10 squirrel n. 松鼠5M10staff n. 职员；员工2M10starvation n. 挨饿；饿死2M9statistics n.统计（数字）1M11stove n. 炉子1M10strategy n. 策略3M11string n. 线；细绳；一串4M9 substance n. 物质；5M11suffering n. 苦楚；受难1M10suitcase n. 手提箱；衣箱5M9surgeon n. 外科医生2M11survival n. 生存；幸存2M9target n. 目标；对象；靶子 5M9tax n. 税；税款3M9technique n. 技术；技巧5M9tendency n. 趋向；倾向2M9tension n. 紧张；不安；张力 2M9theft n. 盗窃1M11thunderstorm n. 雷雨；雷暴4M9tide n. 潮；潮汐；趋势2M9 timetable n. 时间表；时刻表3M9tobacco n. 烟草；烟草制品5M9 tournament n.比赛；锦标赛4M11tradition n.传统；惯例3M10trend n. 趋势2M11troop n. 军队；群；组2M10tube n. 管；管子4M9twist n. 扭曲；歪曲5M10typist n. 打字员5M9unemployment n. 失业2M11vinegar n.醋3M9voyage n. 航海；航行2M9wage n. 工资1M9walnut n. 核桃4M11web n. （蜘蛛等的）网1M10weed n. 野草；杂草4M9whistle n.口哨4M11burden n. & v. 担子；负担；负担 2M10resolve n. & v. 决心；决心；决定 3M10scratch n. & v. 抓、挠、刮2M10feather n. & vi. 特征；容貌；特色；特写；以......为特色；特5M9abuse n. & vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 3M10ban n. & vt. 禁令；禁止；取缔 5M9bomb n. & vt. 炸弹3M10broadcast n. & vt. 广播；播音；广播；播送；播放5M9 cash n. & vt. 现金；兑现2M10hook n. & vt. 钩；吊钩；钩住；迷上 1M10murder n. & vt.凶杀；谋杀5M9register n. & vt. 登记；注册3M10via prep. 经；通过；经由3M9alongside p rep. & a靠着；沿着；在旁边；沿着边2M9 whichever pron. 无论哪一个；任何 2M10appeal vi.（对某人）有吸引力；求助4M9cease vi. 结束；停息3M11cope vi. 处理；对付3M11glory vi. 自豪；得意3M11howl vi. 嚎叫；呼号4M11march vi.进军；前进3M10rely v i. 依赖；信赖5M9remark vi. 说；谈论；评价2M11respond vi. 回答；响应；做出反应 2M10tend vi.倾向4M10X-ray vi.照X光线2M11adopt vt.采用；收养4M10adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱 2M10advocate vt.支持；拥护；提倡 1M10appoint vt. 约定；指定；任命 5M9appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激1M9assess vt. 评定；评估4M10associate vt. 使发生联系；使联合；结交3M9attain vt. 达到；获得1M9carve vt. 雕刻；切开1M11commit vt.犯罪；做（不合法的或错的事）3M10 confirm vt. 确定2M10consult vt. 请教4M10contradict vt. 同......矛盾、抵触；反驳2M10 deposit vt. 放；（把钱）存入银行2M9distribute vt. 分发；分配2M10ensure vt. 确保；保证3M11fasten vt. 系牢；栓紧；使固定1M11foresee (foresaw, foreseen) vt.预见；预知2M9grasp vt. 抓住；抓紧；掌握 1M10hatch vt. 孵化；出壳 4 M11import vt. 输入；进口；引进 2M11inform vt. 通知；告诉5M9oppose vt. 反对；反抗；乐观主义 2M10owe vt. 感激；欠（债等） 3M9paddle vt. 用浆划1M11possess vt. 拥有；占有5M10pray vt. 祈祷；恳求；请2M10promote vt. 促进；提升5M9pursue vt. 追求；寻求3M11raise vt. 筹集；提高；饲养 5M9reckon vt. 计算；估计2M9revise vt. 复查；复习3M11seal vt. 封闭；密封4M9seize vt. 抓住；逮住；夺取 3M10shorten vt. 缩短；使变短2M10simplify vt. 单一化；简单化2M9split vt. 分开4M11spray vt. 喷射2M11suck vt. 吸；吮5M11suspect vt. 怀疑；猜想；对......有所察觉2M10tear (tore, torn ) vt. 扯破；撕破2M9update vt. 更新2M9urge vt. 催促；力劝1M9withdraw vt. 收回；撤回；变得沉默寡言；冷淡3M11 wrap vt. 包；裹2M11select vt. & adj 选择；挑选；精选的1M10 demand vt. & n. 要求；需要；要求；需求；需要2M10discount vt. & n. 不信任；减少；折扣；打折 5M10 forecast vt. & n.预报；预测2M10sequence vt. & n. 安排顺序；按顺序排列；顺序；序列5M10attach vt. & vi. 缚上；系上；附加 4M9decline vt. & vi. 拒绝；衰退；下降 5M10delay vt. & vi. 耽搁；延迟1M10dominate v t. & vi. 支配；占优势3M10lower vt. & vi.降低；跌落；减弱 4M9mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；忧伤1M10negotiate vt. & vi. 商议；谈判；磋商 3M10recover vt. & vi. 痊愈；复原3M9regret vt. & vi. 后悔；感到抱歉1M9roar vt. & vi.咆哮；轰鸣2M9rot vt. & vi. 腐烂；腐败4M9shave vt. & vi. 剃；刮4M9。

…(money) worth of sth. ……价值……(接数词)…has a population of… ……人口数量是………times as big as ……是……几倍大…times the size of ……是……几倍大a (great/large/small) number of 许多(接可数名词复数；谓语动词用复数) A (together) with B ……A与B一样，……(谓语动词与A一致)A as well asB ……A跟B一样，……(谓语动词与A一致)A besides B… 除了B以外，A……(谓语动词与A一致)a bit of 一点(接不可数名词)a bit 一点(接形容词)a bunch of 一束、一捆a certain 某一个(接可数名词单数)a copy of 一份(报纸等)a couple of 几个、一些、三两个(接可数名词复数)a crowd of 一群、许多a developed country (一个)发达国家a developing country (一个)发展中国家a diet of healthy foods 一份营养食谱a fallen tree 一棵倒了的树a few moment later 一会儿、不久以后a few pieces of advice 几点建议a good/great deal of 大量(接不可数名词)a good/great many 大量(接可数名词复数)a great deal 许多东西a group of 一群……a highly-developed country 高度发达国家a kind of sth. 一类……a knife and fork 一副刀叉a knowledge of 某一学科的知识a lack of 缺乏a large quantity of 大量(接可数、不可数名词)a large/small/great amount of 一些(接不可数名词)A like B… 像B一样，A……(谓语动词与A一致)a little bit 一点(接形容词)a little 一点(接形容词)a loaf of bread 一个面包a lost life in a desert 鸿沟a lot more interesting 更有趣a lot more 许多a lucky escape 幸运地逃脱a narrow escape 侥幸逃脱、九死一生a piece of advice 一条建议a place of interest 一处名胜a point of view 一种观点A rather thanB 与其B，不如Aa series of 一系列的a source of ……的一个来源a third ①三个中的一个②三分之一a total of 总计……(接数词)a type of 一种a variety of 一种a waste of money/time/… 浪费(金钱、时间等)a year and a half 一年半above all 最重要的是，首先要according to 根据、依照achieve one's aim/goal 实现某人的目标achieve success 取得成功act a part ①扮演一个角色②假装act as if 假装(接从句，有虚拟语气)act the part of sb. 演……的角色add A to B 把A加到B上add to 增加到add up to 总计(无被动形式)address a/the letter 写信(的地址)address sth. to sb. 给某人讲……admit to 承认advise (that) sb. (should) do 建议某人应该做某事(虚拟语气) advise sb. to do 劝说某人去做afford sb. sth. 为某人承担……afford sth. to sb. 为某人承担……afford to do 能够去做after a time 一段时间后after a while 不久after all 毕竟；终究after that 从这以后(用一般现在时)agree on 在……达成共识agree that… 同意……(接从句)agree to do 同意去做agree to one's plan/suggestion 采纳某人的计划(建议)agree with one's idea/opinion/analysis 同意某人的看法(见解) agree with sb. ①(衣服等)适合某人②与……一致③同意、赞同agree with sb. on that point 在那方面同意某人的意见ahead of time 事先；提前aim at ①瞄准②追求、旨在All but A… 除了A以外所有人(谓语动词与all一致，用复数)all kinds of 各种各样的all of a sudden 突然(单用)all over (Europe) 整个(欧洲)all sorts of 各种各样的all such 所有这些……(接名词用复数)all the same 仍然、依然all the way 全程all the year round 整年all through the(night/year/one's life) 整个……all…not… 不都是……(部分否定)allow doing/sb. to do 允许(某人)做某事announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布……announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布……answer for 为……负责任anyone who = whoever 任何人(引导主语从句)apart from 除……外还……appear to do 好像……apply for 申请apply one's minds to 专心于appreciate doing 感激做……as a matter of fact 实际上as a result of 由于……as if 似乎、好像(引导方式状语从句)as long as 只要(引导条件状语从句)as one body 像一个人一样as soon as is necessary 如果可能的话尽快……as soon as 一……就……(引导时间状语从句)as though 似乎、好像as well as ①和……一样②与……一样好as well 也；一样ask (that) sb. (should) do 要求某人应该做某事(虚拟语气) ask for a leave 请假ask sb. for advice 取得某人的建议ask some questions of sb. 向某人提问(书面语)at a distance 有一些距离、在远处at a great depth 在很深处at a loss 不知所措、困惑不解at a low/high price 价格低(高)at a low/high speed 速度很慢/快地……at a mouthful 一口、满口at a safe speed 以安全速度行驶at a speed of 以……的速度行驶at a time 一次；有时、曾经at first blush 一瞥at full speed 全速前进at least 至少、最少at least…if not more 如果不是更多，至少也……at most 最多、至多at one time 曾经、以前at present 现在at that very moment 就在那个时候at the ball 在舞会上at the beginning of 在……的开始at the bottom of 在……的底部at the cost of 以……为代价at the crossing 在十字路口at the invitation of sb. 应某人邀请at the latest 最迟、最晚at the most 最多at the price of 以……为代价at the risk of 冒着……的危险at the same time 同时at the sight of 看见at the speed of 以……的速度at the thought of 当……想到at the top of the voice 用最高的声音attempt to do 尝试去做、企图去做attend to sth. 注意；对……关注attitude to/towards sth. 对……的态度attract one's attention 吸引某人注意力back and forth 来来往往地、(前后)来回地bark at (狗)向……叫be (good) value for money ……值钱be able to do 能够……、有能力……be about to do when 就要做某事时，突然……be about to do 准备做……(不接时间状语，表示将来) be absent from 不在、缺席be absorbed in 沉迷于……、迷恋于……be active in 在……活跃be admitted into universities 被大学录取be afraid of doing 担心某事会发生be afraid of sth./sb. 害怕某人(物)be afraid that… 恐怕……be afraid to do 不敢去做be after sth./sb. 找……be along with 和……一起be an expert on/in/at sth. 在……是专家be angry at sth. 对某事感到生气be angry with sb./sth. 对某人(物)感到生气be anxious about 为……感到焦虑be anxious for sth. 急切地要……be anxious to do 急切去做……be ashamed of 感到羞耻、惭愧be at breakfast/lunch/supper 在吃早/午/晚饭be at the same level 在同一水平上be aware of sth. 知道be away from 离……远be based on 以……为基础、以……为根据be better off 境况好be blind in one eye 一只眼睛失明、独眼龙be blind to 对……视而不见be busy doing 忙着……be busy with 忙着……be careful 小心be caught in 被困住be concerned about 关心be connected with ……与……有联系be content to do 甘愿做某事、愿意做某事be content with 对……满足be crowded with 挤满了be dangerous ……(对……)构成威胁、是危险的be deaf to 对……听而不闻、充耳不闻be disappointed in sth. 对某事(物)失望be disappointed with sb./sth. 对……失望be doing when 正要做某事时，突然……be doing 表达某种语气、感情，如喜爱、赞美、厌恶、痛恨、批判等be done away with 结束、结果be dressed in 穿……be due to do 预计……会怎样be due to sth. 由于、应归于be dying for 渴望be dying to do 急切去做……be eager to do 盼望去做……be engaged in 忙于、致力于be engaged to 与……订婚be equal to 与……相等be expert in/at doing 擅长于……be famous as 作为……而出名be famous for 因为……而出名be famous to sb. 在……中出名be favourable to 有助于、有利于be fit for sth. 适合……be fond of 爱好……be friendly/kind/polite to sb. 对某人友好be going to do 即将做……be gone ……不见了be good on sb. 对某人好be hard on sb. 对某人苛刻、为难某人be harmful to 对……有害be honoured for sth. ……因为……受尊敬be in (the) majority 占大多数，处于多数be in business 营业be in danger 处于危险之中be in darkness 在黑暗之中(无光，用于指状态)be in disorder 没有秩序、乱be in earnest 急迫、急切be in good order 有秩序、整洁be in great need 最需要be in hospital 住院be in low/high spirits 情绪低落/高昂be in poor health 身体不好be in/under one's charge 受某人管be in/under the charge of sb. 受某人管be introduced into ……被引进be joined to 与……连接be keen on 喜欢be kind for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事(对人)有好处be kind of sb. 某人好be known for 因为……而出名be known to sb. 在……中出名be lacking in 缺乏be longing for 盼望去做……be longing to do 盼望去做……be lost ……不见了be lost in sight 看不见be lost in thought 陷入沉思be made from 由……(加工)制成be made into 制成、加工成be made of 由……(直接)制成be made up of ……由……组成be marked with 被标上be measured in 以……来衡量be missing ……不见了be mixed with sth. 用……混合be not in agreement ……是不同的be nothing more than 只不过是be of different sizes/colours/weights/ages/ shapes 尺寸/颜色/重量/年龄/形状不同be of great/no help/value/importance/use to sb. 对某人(没)有很大(帮助等)be of the same kind 同一类be of the same size/colour/weight/age/shape尺寸/颜色/重量/年龄/形状相同be of this kind 属于这一类be off 离开be on a visit from sp. 从某地来访问be on a visit to sp. 正游览、参观某地be on business 因公(办事等)be on diet 节食be on duty 值日、上班be on fire 着火be on holiday/vacation 在度假be on sale 待售、拍卖be on show 展览；上映be on strike 罢工be on the march 正在游行、正在行军be out of fashion 过时、不流行be out of order 没有秩序、乱be out of reach ①够不着②无能为力be out of work 失业be popular among sb. 在……中流行be popular with sb. 在……中流行be prepared for 为……作准备(接抽象事物)be present at (the meeting) 参加(会议)be proud of 以……自豪be put to a new use 被用在了新的用途上be ready for 准备好做……be ready to do 准备好做……be recognised as 被认作是be reduced by 降低了……(接数字、百分数)be related to 与……有联系be responsble for 为……负责任be rich in 在……丰富be satisfied with 对……满意be senior to 比……大be set in 以……为背景be short of 缺少be shown into sp. 被带到某地be spun into thread 被纺成线be strict in sth. 对某事严格要求be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求be successful in doing sth. 做……成功be suitable for 适合Be sure(certain) to do… 确信做某事(祈使句)be tired from sth./doing (身体上)劳累、疲劳be tired of sth./doing 厌倦……be tired out 筋疲力尽be to blame (应该)受责备be to do 准备做……be trapped by (the fire) 被(火)围困be treated as 把……当作……对待be under construction 建设中be unwilling to do 不愿去做be up to ①高达、达到②达到境界、进入角色③从事、忙于be well received 接受效果好、广泛接受be willing to do 盼望去做……be worried about 为……担心be worth doing 值得……be worth sth. 值多少be worthy of 值得be/become known as 作为……而出名be/become widely accepted 被广泛的接受beat sb. black and blue 把某人打得鼻青脸肿beat sb. on the head 碰某人的头beat sb. to death 打死某人beat sth. flat 把……压平become a success 成功become separated 分开before all 尤其、特别before long 没过多久(常用于将来时、过去时)begin with 以……开始believe in ①信赖、信任②信奉、信仰belong to sb. 属于benefit from 从……获取利益、好处beyond reach 够不着；找不到、消失beyond that 除了那个以外beyond the sea 在海外black out 昏迷、神志不清；停止、中断black tea 红茶blood bank 血站、血库blow away 吹走both of sb. 两个人都……both…not… 不都是……(部分否定)break away from 脱离break down ①分解；破裂②(汽车)抛锚break in 打断……的话break into pieces 打(破)成碎片break off 折断、中断、罢工break one's promise/words 破坏某人的诺言、食言break out 分裂、爆发break the record 打破纪录break the rules 违反规则break up 分解bring about 带来、造成bring down 使……下降bring in 引进bring on 引起、导致bring sth. to one's notice 使某人注意……bring up 抚育、养育build up 建立burn down 烧毁burn sth. to the ground 把……烧毁burn up 消耗burst in 闯进、闯入burst into flames 突然着火burst into tears/laughter 突然放声大哭/笑burst out doing 爆发；突然business sense 商业理念by and by 不久以后、很快的by chance 偶然by degrees 逐渐地by far 至今为止by means of 通过……的办法by occasionally 偶然的by ones and twos 三三两两地、零零落落地by oneself 独自地、独立地、单独地by the end 在……以前by the hour/day/week/minute/month/year 按小时/日/周/分/月/年算by the kilogramme/ton 按公斤/吨算by the time 一段时间前(引导时间状语从句)by the way 顺便说一下by this means 用这种方法by weight/length/volume 按重量/长度/容量算call a taxi 打的call at sp. 拜访某地call for ①要求②邀请call in sb. 派人去请call on sb. to do… 号召某人做某事call on sb. 拜访某人call one's attention to sth. 让某人引起对……的注意call to mind 想起call up sb. ①使……想起②给……打电话calm down 镇定下来can't help doing 情不自禁地……can't resist doing 不能抗拒做……carry about 携带、随身带carry away 冲垮；拿走carry forward 发展、发扬carry off 抢走、夺走carry on 进行、继续carry out one's promise 遵守某人的诺言carry out 实行carry with 进行、继续catch a cold 感冒catch fire 着火catch in 被……困住、绊住catch one's attention 吸引了……的注意catch sight of 看到……caught by the… 抓到某人的……(身体部位)cause sb. to be in such a state 导致某人到这样的地步change A for B 用B替换Achange into 变成clear away 收拾走、清除clear out 把……请出去clear up ①天晴②解决climb over 翻越close to 靠近某地come about 发生come across 偶然遇见come along 进展、进行come at 袭击、向……打击come away 脱离、掉下come back ①回来②醒过来come down 下降come forth 向前come into being 形成、产生、存在(无被动)come into effect 生效、启用come off 脱离、掉下come on ①加油②进展come out ①产生、出现②被知道③出版、发行④结局、结果come right 直接come round 转身come to ①把注意力转向…… ②到来come to an end 消亡、灭亡、分裂come to one's notice 引起某人的注意come to oneself 苏醒、恢复知觉come to power 掌权come true 成为现实come up ①上升②发生③产生④(问题、话题、议题)被提出(无被动) come up to 过来come upon 偶然遇见command (that) sb. (should) do 命令某人应该做某事(虚拟语气)compare A to B 把A比作Bcompare A with B 把A与B作比较compare notes 交换意见compared with/to A, B… 与A相比，B……(B不用比较级)congratulate sb./sth. (on sth.) 祝贺……(取得……的成绩)congratulations on sth. ……的祝贺connect A to B 连接A与B(单方面)connect A with B 连接A与B(两方面)consider sb. to have done 认为某人做了某事consider sb./sth. to be/as 把……看作consider sth./doing 考虑(做)……consist of 由……组成content oneself with sth. 对……满意continue doing 一直做(同一件事)continue to do 继续做(下一件事)continue with sth. 继续做某事contribute sth. to sth. 为……贡献……convert sth. into sth. 把……转变成……could have done 本来能做成的(却没做成)(虚拟语气)couldn't have done 本来做不成的(却做成了)(虚拟语气) count on/upon 指望、依靠count sth. at 当作cover sth./sb. with sth. 用……盖住……cover the events 报道事件cross out 除去、勾销crowd off 挤出cry out 喊出去cure sb. of 治好某人的(病)cut away 切下；逃跑cut down 砍倒；缩减cut off 切断cut one's hair short 把……头发剪短cut out 切下；删除cut sth. in half 把……切成两半cut sth. into halves 把……切成两半cut sth. into two parts 把……切成两半cut up 割开；切碎daily goods 日用品dance around 到处跳dance to the music 伴着音乐跳舞dare to do 敢于……date back to 起源于、追溯到date from 起源于、追溯到day after day 日复一日day and night 一天到晚day by day 逐日deal in 经营deal with 处理、对待declare sb./sth. to be adj./n. 宣称……是……(接形容词或名词) deep into the night 熬夜delay doing/sth. 推迟……demand (that) sb. (should) do 要求某人应该做某事(虚拟语气) demand sth. of/from sb. 向某人要求……demand to do 要求去做depend on/upon 取决于、依赖于、依靠describe sth. to sb. 将……描述给(讲给)……despise of sb. 看不起determine sb. to do 使某人下决心做某事determine to do 下决心做某事develop a habit 养成习惯develop an interest in sth. 表现出对……的兴趣develop films 制作电影devote sth./oneself to sth./doing 把……奉献给……die away (气味、声音、光线)逐渐消失、变弱die down 平息、变弱、逐渐消失die from polluted air/over work/an accident/… 因为(空气污染、过度劳累、事故等)而死die of grief/cold/hungry/old age/… 因为(悲伤、寒冷、饥饿、年老等)而死die out 灭绝；死光、死绝dig out 挖出direct sb. to do 指导、要求某人去做direct that sb. should do 命令某人去做discourage sb. from sth./doing 阻碍某人做某事dislike doing/sb./sth. 不喜欢……dive off 从……跳水divide sth. by sth. ……除以……divide sth. into 将……分成do a good deed 做好事do away with 废除do damage to 损害do good/harm to sb./sth. 对……有好处(坏处)do not give in an inch 一寸不让do research on/in/about/into sth. 研究……do sb. a favour 帮某人一个忙do sb. good/harm 对某人有好处(坏处)do sb. the favour to do/of doing 帮某人忙做……do sth. alone 自己、靠自己do sth. at the right time 在合适的时候做某事do sth. by hand 手工制作(常用被动)do sth. by turns 轮流做……、依次做……do sth. deep/far into the night 熬夜do sth. for fun 做……为了取乐do sth. in good faith 诚实地……do sth. on purpose 有目的地做do up ①系上、扣上②收拾整理do with 处理double one's output 使(产量等)成倍增长draw a deep breath 深呼吸draw conclusions 下结论draw in ①(车)进站②引诱draw one's attention 吸引某人注意力draw quick interest 获得快捷利润draw up 草拟、拟定dream of sth./doing 梦想drink to 为……干杯drive sb. to tears 使某人哭drop in at sp. 拜访某地drop in on sb. 拜访某人eager for 渴望early bird 早起者、早到者earn one's living 谋生easy-going 随和、平易近人eat one's words 收回某人(说过)的话eat up 吃光either A or B 是A或者是B(谓语动词就近一致) encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做……end up with 以……结束enter for 报名参加escape being done 逃避被……escape doing sth. 逃避做……escape from sp. 从……逃离ever lasting 永不停止的、永远的every one of sb./sth. ……中的每一个every other… 每两个……every two… 每两个……except for 除了(用于两种不同的事物)expect sb. to do 期望某人……expect sth. to be done 期望某事被……expect to be/do 期望会……explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释……explain to sb. sth. 向某人解释……export to 向……出口face to face 面对面(作状语)face-to-face 面对面的(作定语)fail to do 失败、未做成fall asleep 睡着了fall behind 落后fall ill 生病fall in love with sb. 爱上某人fall off 掉下fall to pieces 消亡、灭亡、分裂、崩溃far and near 远近、到处、四面八方far and wide 广泛地far more interesting 更有趣far more 许多fast asleep 熟睡feed on sth. 以……为食feed sb./sth. with/on sth. 用……喂养feed sth. to sb./sth. 把……喂养给……feel alone 感到孤单feel like doing…/sth. 喜爱(做)……feel lonely 感到孤单feel one's way 摸索着前进feel out 探索某人的意图feel sb. on the head 摸某人的头feel terrible 感觉不舒服feel well 感觉舒服few such mistakes 这么少的错误fight against 与……作斗争、与……交战fight back 回击fight for sth. 为了……而斗争figure on 指望、计划、打算figure out ①解决②计算出来、合计出fill with 充满find out 找出、查明find sb./sth. do 发现……做过……find sb./sth. doing 发现……正在……find sb./sth. done 发现……被……finish off 结束、完成fire at 向……开火fire escape 火灾安全出口fire out ①消沉、一蹶不振②开除、解雇fire up 火冒三丈、发火first aid 急救first of all 首先fit club 健身俱乐部fix a time/date for sth./doing 确定……的日期fix a time/date to do 确定日期做某事fix A to B 把A固定在B上fix one's attention on sth. 把某人的注意力集中到……上fix one's eyes on sth. 目不转睛、凝视、把注意力集中在……上fix sb. sth. 为……准备……fix sth. for sb. 为……准备……float off 漂浮fly over (从上面)飞越fold up 折叠起来follow one's advice on 听从……的建议follow the rules 遵守规则fool about/around 游手好闲、闲荡fool sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事for (political) reasons 由于(政治)原因for a while 一段时间for ages 很久for example 例如for fear that 担心for free 免费的for God's sake 看在上帝的面上for good 永久地、一劳永逸地for instance 例如for one thing 首先for one's sake 为……起见for oneself 为了自己for sale 准备出售for the first time 第一次for the sake of 为……起见forbid sb. to do 禁止某人做某事force oneself to one's feet 挣扎着站起来force sb. to do 强迫某人做……foreign affairs 外交事务、外事、外务form a habit 养成习惯frankly speaking 坦白地说free from 没有、免除from a great distance 远距离from cover to cover 从头到尾from door to door 一家挨着一家from side to side 左右摇摆from that time on 从那时起from the beginning 从一开始from time to time 时常、经常gain in 获得generally speaking 一般来说get across 通过、越过、穿过get along (well) with ①与某人相处(得好) ②进展(顺利)get broken 弄坏了get burnt 烧着了get caught in 遇到get changed 换衣服get close to sth./sb. 与……接近get down to sth./doing 开始去做……get good from sth. 从……中得到好处get hold of 把握住；抓住get hurt 受伤了get in touch with 与……取得联系get in 进入get into ①坐进(轿车、出租车等) ②陷入(某种状态)之中get into the habit of 养成……的习惯get it settled 确定get married 结婚(强调动作)get off ①下车②脱下get on (well) with sb./sth. 与某人(事、物)相处(得好)get on the right track 走上正轨get over 恢复、克服get paid ……被付钱、得钱、挣钱get ready for sth. 准备好……get rid of 去除get sb. to do/doing/done 让某人……get separated 分开get sth. on ……有某事get sth. ready for 为……作准备get through ①接通(电话) ②通过(考试) ③完成(工作、任务) ④通过(议案、计划) ⑤消息传到…… get tired of sth./doing 感到厌倦get to know sb. (刚刚)认识某人get to 够得着get together 聚会get up to one's feet 站起来get word 得到消息get worse 越来越坏了give a birth to a baby 生小孩give a hand 帮助give a promise 许下诺言give A sth. for B 把为B准备的……给Agive a talk 做报告；做演讲give a thought to sb./sth. 想象、思考give an order for sth. 订购……give away 把……送出去give back 送回去、拿回去give birth to 生产、生育give in 屈服、投降、让步(不及物)give off 散发、发出(气味、光线、声音)give one's love/wishes/regards to sb. 给某人的(问候等)give out ①发出(气味、光线、声音) ②用尽③精疲力尽give over 交托、停止、放弃give sb. a lift 搭车give sb. a message 给(收信人)留/传个信give sb. advice on sth./how to do 给某人……的建议give sb. sth. 把……给某人give sth. away 把……送出去give up sth./doing 放弃give way to 让位给……go aboard a plane/ship 登飞机/船go abroad 出国go after 追逐、追求go against 违背Go ahead. (口语)鼓励某人做某事、去做吧go all the way back to the time of 起源于go bad 变坏go by 经过go down 下降、减弱go in for 从事、投身于go mad about sth./doing 痴迷于……，为……疯狂go missing 不见、丢失go off ①离去②变质go off duty 下班go on a trip on sp. 游览、参观某地go on board 登(船、飞机)go out 出去；(灯火)熄灭go over to 到……去go over 温习、复习；检查go through ①穿过②仔细察看③经历go to sp. for a holiday 到……度假go up to 上到……上go up 上升、增强go with ①和……一起去②(颜色、款式等)搭配Good luck with your trip. 祝你一路顺风。

Aa(n)abandon abilityable abnormal aboard abolishaboutaboveabroad absence/absense absent absolute absorb abstract absurd abundant abuse academic academy accelerate accentaccept acceptable access accessible accident accidental accommodation accompany accomplish according to account accumulate accurate accuse accustomed achieve achievement acid acknowledge acquaintance acquireacreacrossactactionactiveactivityactoractressactual actuallyacutead/advertiseme ntadaptaddaddict addition address adequate adjust 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(arose,arisen)armarmchairarmyaroundarrangearrangementarrestarrivalarrivearrowartarticleartificialartistasashashamedasideaskasleepaspectassessassessmentassistassistanceassistantassociateassociationassumeassumptionastonishastronautastronomerastronomyatathleteathleticatmosphereatomattachattackattainattemptattendattentionattitudeattractattractionattractiveaudienceauntauthenticauthorauthorityautomaticautonomousautumn/fallavailableavenueaverageavoidawake (awoke,awoken)awardawareawarenessawayawesomeawfulawkwardBbabybachelorbackbackgroundbackward(s)baconbacterium (pl.bacteria)bad (worse,worst)badlybadmintonbagbaggagebakerybalanceballbamboobanbananabandbandagebankbarbarbecuebarberbarebarkbarrierbasebaseballbasedbasementbasicbasinbasisbasketbasketballbatbathbathroombathtubbatterybattlebaybebeachbeanbearbear n.beardbeastbeat(beat,beaten)beautifulbeautybecausebecome(became,become)bedbeddingbedroombeebeefbeerbeforebegbegin 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n.contextcontinentcontinuecontinuouscontractcontradictcontradictorycontrarycontrastcontributecontributioncontrolcontroversialconvenientconventionalconversationconvertconveyconvincecookcookercookiecoolcopecopycopyrightcorncornercorrectcorrectioncorrectly corridorcostcottagecottoncoughcouldcouncilcountcounter country countryside countycouple courage coursecourt courtyard cousincovercowcrackcraftcrashcrazycreamcreate creative creaturecreditcrewcrime criminalcrisiscriteriacriticcritical criticism criticise/criticize cropcrosscrowdcruelcrueltycrycultural culturecup cupboardcurecuriosity curiouscurly currency current curtain cushion custom customer customscut (cut,cut) cyclecyclistD dad/daddydailydamdamagedampdancedangerdangerousdaredarkdarknessdashdatadatabasedatedaughterdawndaydeaddeadlinedeafdealdeardeathdebatedebtdecadedecidedecisiondeclaredeclinedecoratedecorationdecreasedeeddeepdeeplydeerdefeatdefence/defensedefenddefinedefinitedefinitelydefinitiondegreedelaydeletedeliberatedeliberatelydelicatedeliciousdelightdeliverdemanddemonstratedentistdenydepartmentdeparturedependdepositdepresseddepthdescribedescriptiondesertdesert n.deservedesigndesiredeskdesperatedespitedessertdestinationdestroydestructiondetaildetectivedeterminedetermineddevelopdevelopmentdevildevotedevotiondiagramdialogue/dialogdiamonddiarydictionarydiedietdifferdifferencedifferentdifficultdifficultydig (dug, dug)digitaldignitydilemmadimdimensiondinnerdinosaurdioxidedipdiplomadirectdirectiondirectlydirectordirectorydirtdirtydisabilitydisableddisadvantagedisagreedisagreementdisappeardisappointdisappointeddisapprovedisasterdiscountdiscoverdiscoverydiscussdiscussiondiseasedisgustingdishdisk/discdislikedismissdisplaydisputedistancedistantdistinguishdistributedistrictdisturbdivediversedividedivisiondivorcedizzydo (did, done)doctordocumentdogdolldollardomesticdominatedonatedoordormitory/dormdotdoubledoubtdowndownloaddownstairsdowntowndozendraftdragdramaticdraw (drew,drawn)drawbackdrawingdreadfuldream(dreamt/-ed,dreamt/-ed)dressdrilldrink (drank,drunk)drive (drove,driven)driverdropdrugdrumdrunkdryduedullduringduskdustdustbindutydynamicdynastyEeacheagereagleearearlyearnearthearthquakeeasilyeasteasterneasyeat (ate, eaten)ecologyeconomiceconomyedgeeditioneditoreducateeducationeducationaleffecteffectiveefficientefforteggeitherelderlyelectelectricelectricalelectricityelectronicelegantelementelephantelevatorelseelsewheree-mailembarrassembassyemergeemergencyemotionemperoremphasisemphasizeempireemployemployeeemployeremploymentemptyenableencourageendendangerendlessenemyenergeticenergyengageengineengineerengineeringenjoyenjoyableenjoymentenormousenoughenquiry/inquiryensureenterenterpriseentertainentertainmententhusiasmenthusiasticentireentirelyentranceentryenvelopeenvironmentenvironmentalenvyequalequalityequallyequipmenteraseerasererroreruptescapeespeciallyessayessentialestablishestimateevaluateeveeveneveningeventeventuallyevereveryeverybodyeverydayeveryoneeverythingeverywhereevidenceevilevolutionexactexactlyexaggerate examination/exa mexamine example excellent except exchange excite exciting excuse exercise exhaust exhibition exist existenceexitexpand expect expectation expense expensive experience experiment expert explain explanation explode explore explosion export expose express expression extend extension extinctextra extraordinary extremeeyeeyesightFfacefacilityfactfactorfactoryfadefailfailurefairfair n.faithfall (fell, fallen) falsefamefamiliarfamily famousfanfancy fantastic fantasy far(farther/further,farthest/furthest)farefarmfarmerfashionfastfastenfatfatherfaultfavo(u)rfavo(u)ritefaxfearfeatherfeaturefederalfeefeed (fed, fed)feel (felt, felt)feelingfellowfemalefenceferryfestivalfetchfeverfewfibre/fiberfictionfieldfiercefight (fought,fought)figurefilefillfilmfinalfinancefinancialfind (found,found)finefine v.fingerfingernailfinishfirefirmfirm n.fishfishermanfishingfistfitfixflagflameflashflashlightflatflat n.flavo(u)rflee (fled, fled)fleshflexibleflightfloatfloodfloorflourflowflowerflufluentfly (flew, flown)fly n.focusfoggyfoldfolkfollowfondfoodfoolfoolishfoot (pl. feet)footballforforbid (forbade,forbidden)forceforecastforeheadforeignforeignerforesee 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identityidiomifignoreillillegalillnessillustrateimageimaginaryimaginationimagineimitateimmediateimmediatelyimmigrationimpactimplyimportimportanceimportantimposeimpossibleimpressimpressionimpressiveimproveininchincidentincludeincludingincomeincreaseincreasinglyindeedindependenceindependentindexindicateindividualindustrialindustryinferinfluenceinfluentialinforminformalinformationingredientinheritinitialinjectinjureinjuryinkinninnerinnocentinsectinsertinsideinsistinspirationinspireinstanceinstantinsteadinstituteinstitutioninstructioninstrumentinsuranceintelligenceintelligentintendintentioninterestinterestedinterestinginternationalInternetinterruptintervalinterviewintointroduceintroductioninventinventioninvestigateinvestigationinvestmentinvitationinviteinvolveironislandissueititemitsitselfJjacketjamjarjazzjeepjetjewel(le)ryjobjogjoinjointjokejournalistjourneyjoyjudg(e)mentjudgejuicejumpjunglejuniorjustjusticejustifyKkeep (kept, kept)kettlekeykeyboardkickkidkillkilogramkilometre/kilometerkindkind n.kindnesskingkingdomkisskitchenkitekneeknife (pl. knives)knockknow (knew,known)knowledgeLlab/laboratorylabellabo(u)rlackladderladylakelamblamelamplandlandscapelanelanguagelanternlargelastlatelaterlatestlatterlaughlaughterlaunchlaundrylawlawyerlay (laid, laid)lazylead (led, led)leaderleadingleaf (pl. leaves)leagueleaplearn (learnt/-ed,learnt/-ed)learningleastleatherleave (left, left)lectureleftleglegalleisurelemonlend (lent, lent)lengthlesslessonletletterlevellibertylibrarylicense/licencelidlielie v.life (pl. lives)lifestyleliftlightlighterlikelikelylimitlinelinklionlipliquidlistlistenliteraturelittle (less, least)livelivelyloadloafloanlocallocatelocationlocklogicallonelylonglooklooselordlorrylose (lost, lost)losslostlotloudlovelovelyloverlowlowerluckluckilyluckyluggagelunchlungMmachinemadMadame/madammagazinemagicmaidmailmainmainlymaintainmajormajoritymake (made,made)maleman (pl. 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(pl. oxen)oxygenPpacepackpackagepacketpadpaddlepagepainpainfulpaintpainterpaintingpairpalacepalepalmpanpancakepandapanicpaperpaperworkparachuteparadeparallelparcelpardonparentpark n.parkparliamentpartparticipateparticularparticularlypartlypartnerpartnershippart-timepartypasspassagepassengerpasser-bypassivepassportpastpatpathpatiencepatientpatient n.patternpausepavementpay (paid, paid)paymentpeapeacepeacefulpeachpeakpedalpenpencilpenguinpenny (pl.pence)pensionpeoplepepperperpercentpercentageperfectperfectlyperformperformanceperformerperfumeperhapsperiodpermanentpermissionpermitpersonpersonalpersonalitypersonallypersonnelperspectivepersuadepessimisticpestpetpetrolphoto/photographphotographerphotographyphrasephysicalphysicallyphysicistphysicspianistpianopickpicnicpicturepiecepigpilepillpillowpilotpin pineapplepinkpintpioneerpipepitchpityplaceplainplanplane/aeroplane planetplantplasticplateplatformplayplayer pleasant please pleased pleasure plentyplotplugpluspocketpoempoetpoetrypointpoison poisonous polarpolepolice policeman/wom an(pl. policemen/wom en)policypolishpolitepolitical politician politicspollute pollutionpoolpoorpop popularpopularitypopulationporkporridgeportpositionpositivepossesspossessionpossibilitypossiblepossiblypostpost n.postcardposterpotpotatopotentialpotterypoundpourpowderpowerpowerfulpracticalpracticepractise/practicepraiseprayprayerpreciousprecisepreciselypredictpredictionpreferpreferencepregnantprehistoricprejudicepreparationpreparepresentpresent n.presentationpresenterpreservepresidentpresspress n.pressurepretendprettypreventpreviouspriceprideprimaryprimeprimitiveprince/princessprincipleprintpriorityprisonprisonerprivateprivatelyprivilegeprizeprobablyproblemprocedureproceedprocessproduceproducerproductproductionprofessionprofessionalprofessorprofitprogram(me)progressprogressiveprohibitionprojectpromisepromotepromotionpronounceproperproperlypropertyproportionproposalproposeprotectprotectionprotestproudproveprovideprovincepubpublicpublishpublisherpuddingpullpulsepumppunctuationpunishpunishmentpupilpurchasepurepurposepursuepushput (put, 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(rid/ridded,rid/ridded)ride (rode,ridden)ridiculousrightring (rang, rung)riperise (rose, risen)riskrivalriverroadroarroastrobrobotrockrocketrodrolerollroofroomroosterrootroperoserot。