(完整word版)2017年12月英语四级真题答案及解析(第二套)
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2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解（第2 套）
Part I Writing
审题思
路：
此次话题师生关系贴近学生生活，因此写起来并不难。简单开篇之后，考生应该将重点放在第二段，给出处理好师生关系的一些建议。当然，这个话题还可以从不同的角度入手，比如老师应该如何做，或者师生共同努力，等等。考生应结合自己的实际情况，从自己最擅长的角度写，这样容易做到言之有物。本文仅从学生角度给出了三条处理好师生关系的建议。
高分范文：
Teacher-student Relationship Is Never C omplex
The relationship between teachers and students has been hotly discussed in recent years in China for more and more attention has been paid to education. Today I would like to share some tips on how to get along well with teachers from students’ perspective.
First and foremost, leave a good first impression on your teacher. As the saying goes, well begun is half done.
A good first impression is important for teachers to remember your name among your fellow students. Secondly, study hard and be active in class. A student who loves study can definitely impress teachers deeply. Finally, keep contact with your teacher after.
To conclude, teacher-student relationship is never complex if you could have an excellent academic performance, be cooperative in class or make friends with your teacher.
全文翻译：
师生关系并不复杂由于人们对教育越来越关注，师生关系近几年来中国引起热议。今天，我想从学生角度分享几条关于如何与老
师和睦相处的建议。首先，给老师留下良好的第一印象。常言道：良好的开端是成功的一半。良好的第一印象对于让老师从你的众
多同学中记住你非常重要。第二，努力学习，在课堂上积极表现。一个热爱学习的学生一定会让老师印象深刻。最后，课下经常与老师沟通，这样你们就会成为朋友。
总结而言，如果你学业表现良好、课上积极配合或与老师成为朋友，那么师生关系就绝对不会复杂。
Part II Listening Comprehension
Se c t i on A
News Report
One
A New Jersey black bear that walks upright on its two back legs and has become a social media darling has re-emerged and has been captured on video months after its last sighting. The bear named Pedals was spotted in the town of Oak Ridge. In a video posted to Facebook featuring the bear, it appeared to be in relatively good health and was moving quickly. (1)Pedals apparently has an injured leg or paw that doesn’t allow it to walk comfortably on all fours according to experts. Lawrence Hajna, spokesman for the state Department of Environmental Protection, said officials expect the bear to make it through next winter. (2)The bear first gained fame after it was spotted wandering around neighborhoods and was caught on videos that were posted on social media and shown on national television. Last year, supporters pushed for Pedals to be moved to a shelter, but New Jersey officials have said they won’t allow the bear to be captured and transferred to the facility“The bear would do better in its natural habitat and the agency would step in if its condition deteriorated,” they said.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
未听先知：预览两道题各选项，主语多为It，结合第1 题选项中出现的its audience、catch people’s attention
和limbs 可知，It 指某个动物，因此本篇新闻内容与动物有关；再结合第 2 题选项中出现的spotted、television、videos 和social media 等词可知，该动物因某种原因引起了媒体关注。
1.W hat is the probable reason the bear walks upright on its back legs?
答案：D
详解：新闻中提到，根据专家的说法，Pedals 明显有一条腿或者爪子受伤，这导致它无法舒服地四肢着地行走，因此答案为D。
2.H ow is the bear first known to the public?
答案：C详解：新闻中提到，这头熊首次出名是因为它在居民区附近闲逛被人发现并且拍了视频上传
到社交网站上，又在国家电视台播出。因此答案为C。
News Report Two
I t’s not your ima gi nation. Tra ff ic i n the US is actually get t ing worse. (3)Americans drove more miles last year than any other year on record. The US Department of Transportation says Americans drove nearly 3,150 billion miles last year. That’s about the same distance as 337 round trips from Earth to Pluto. The previous record was 3,003 billion miles in 2007, before the economic recession and high gas prices. The traffic increase comes at the same time as gas prices drop significantly. The current average gas price in the US is $1.71 per gallon. A year ago it was $2.31 per gallon and was often much higher in recent years. (4)A transportation expert told the reporter that job growth likely plays a part as well, along with some people driving longer distances to and from work. And so all this means more traffic jams on the road. The Texas A&M Travel Institute found that rush-hour travelers spent an extra 42 hours on the road last year because of travel delays.Now, that is depressing. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.未听先知：预览两道题各选项，由选项中出现的distance travelled、road accidents、gas、consumption 和traffic 等词可知，本篇新闻与交通有关，可能涉及行车里程、交通状况和耗油量等方面。
3.W hat new record did the American drivers set last year?
答案：A详解：新闻开头部分提到，美国人去年的行车里程比以往有记录的任何一年都要多。
因此答案为A。 4.What is depressing according to the speaker?
答案：D
详解：新闻中提到，一位交通专家告诉记者说，工作数量的增长加上人们通勤距离的加长意味着路上会有更多的拥堵，德克萨斯州的A&M 交通协会发现，去年高峰时期由于交通延误，人们在路上要多花42 个小时的时间，而这令人很沮丧，因此答案为D。
News Report
Three
（5）A 16-year-old asked a stranger at a grocery store to buy him and his mother some food in exchange for carrying man’s groceries to his car. What happened next will pull at your heartstrings. (6)A wonderful bond formed between the two, and within a couple of weeks, the stranger, named White, helped raise $190,000 on a website to support the Memphis teenager and his disabled mother. “When Chauncy approached me, it just pulled at my heart,” White said. “Here comes Chauncy, just trying to get food for him and his mom off the grace of other people. When I looked at him and saw what he was doing and what he was asking for, I said he was my hero.”(7) “Chauncy is a top student who is doing his best to make it in a world with no money and very few resources,”White explained on the crowd funding site. He wants to work and help his mother financially. “It’s so rare that we get an opportunity to affect so much change on one life,”White wrote. “I cannot thank you enough for caring about Chauncy. This is his big chance, and you’re making it poss ible.”
Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
未听先知：预览三道题各选项，主语均为He，由此可知，本篇新闻与某位男士有关。结合第5 题选项语意以及反复出现的stranger 可知，此题考查某男士所做的与一个陌生人有关的行为动作；第 6 题选项中反复出现了him，而且通过语义可知him 与主语He 为不同的两个人，故此题考查其中一位男士为另一位男士做了什么；第7 题各选项均是对某男士的描述，故此题考查有关此男士的细节信息。
5.W hat did teenager Chauncy do at the grocery store to get some food?
答案：B
详解：新闻开头提到，一个16 岁的孩子在一家杂货店里请求一个陌生人给他和他的妈妈买一些食物，而作为交换，他会把这个陌生人的东西从杂货店搬运到他的车里。因此答案为B。
6.W hat did the stranger do for Chauncy?
答案：C
详解：新闻中提到，两个人之间产生了奇妙的联系，而且在几个星期的时间里，这个名为White 的陌生人在一个网站上筹集了19 万美元钱款用来帮助这个孟菲斯市的少年和他的残疾母亲。因此答案为C。
7.W hat do we learn about Chauncy?
答案：B
详解：新闻中提到White 在众筹网站上写道：“Chauncy 是一个优等生，他一直尽自己最大的努力在美元钱和几乎美元资源的情况下取得成功。”因此答案为B。
Section B
Con v ersation One
M:(8)That was my last economics lecture of the week. And here is the weekend again.
W:What are you up to tonight? I was just wondering if we could try out the new restaurant on Charles Street, then go on to Queen Victoria for a drink.
M:Sorry, (9)I am heading home this weekend for my brother’s 18t h
birthday.W:Oh, that’s great.
M:All my relatives are gonna be there, as well as my brother’s horrible friends of course. (10) Listen, why don’t you come along? Mom would be absolutely delighted to see you again. She is always asking after you.
W:Yes, I’d love to see her too.
M:So please, do come. It would be great. Besides, with Jonathan’s wild game to contain with, I would really welcome an ally.
W:That sounds tempting. But I won’t be ready till 5:00, as I’ve got my statistics seminar now. What time are you heading off?
M:Well, I was going to leave right away. However, I can hang around for you if you like. It just means that I’ll need to change my ticket.
W:But would that be too much trouble for you?
M:No, not at all. (11-1)I’ll go to the station first, and see if I can get tickets for us on the 6:30 train. Then, you can drive me there. I’ll text you when it’s done.
W:Brilliant. Are you absolutely positive it’s okay? I wouldn’t want to impose.
M:Don’t worry. You are most welcome to join our party. And as I always say, the more, the
merrier. W:Look, I’d better go, or I’ll be late. (11-2)So I’ll meet you down at the station around
6:00?
M:Fine, see you later.
Questions 8 and 11 are based on the news report you have just heard.
未听先知：预览四道题各选项，第8 题、第9 题和第10 题各选项均为动词短语，因此这三题考查某人的行为动作。
其中，第8 题各选项均为过去完成时动词，因此考查某人已经发生的行为动作；第9 题和第10 题各选项均为现在时，且多次出现his，因此可大胆推测，这两题考查男士现在或将来的行为动作；第11 题各选项均与交通工具有关，因此考查某人的出行方式。
8.W hat has the man just done?
答案：A详解：对话开头，男士说刚才是他本周最后一次经济学讲座。可知男士刚刚参加过一场经济学讲座，答案为A。9.What is the man going to do this weekend?
答案：C
详解：对话中，男士拒绝了女士的提议，说这周末是他弟弟的18 岁生日，因此要回家，故答案为
C。10.What does the man ask the woman to do?
答案：D
详解：对话中，男士问女士要不要一起来（参加他弟弟的生日宴会），并且说自己的母亲见到她一定会很开心。因此答案为D。
11.How would they go to the man’s home?
答案：B
详解：对话中，男士在邀请到女士去自己家之后说，要先去车站看看能否买到 6 点半的火车票。对话最后
女士征求男士的意见6 点左右在车站会合，男士表示同意，因此答案为B。
Conversation Two
M:Hi, Jane. How is everything going?
W:So f ar so good. I’ve just finis he d my las t exam.
M:Good, the term is coming to an end. (12)Do you think we should take a holiday overseas to relax and have fun?
(13)I’ve s aved my tips for my waiter job these past few months and I should have enough by July.
W:Yes, that’s a wonderful idea. (14)I’ve got a little put-aside for a rainy day, but I might need to earn a little more before we go. By the way, what’s it like working in a restaurant?
M:Well, it’s really tough, as working a ten-hour shift is like hell. I am not sure if it’ll suit you, but it’s pretty cool if your bos ses a r e right. Do you t h i nk we should inv i te s om e others to come along?
W:Yes. We could ask Tom and Tracy if they are interested. I haven’t been abroad for a long while. And it would be great to go somewhere by the sea. I can’t wait. (15)And, if Tom goes, we could go sailing. He has a lot of experience with boats. And it’ll work out a lot cheaper to hire one if there’s more of us to share the cost.
M:So, that’s a plan. We will save as much as we can and go sailing next July. Let’s say Spain, or anywhere cheap we’ll find.W:OK. But, first we’d better contact Tom and Tracy and see if they are up for it. If not, it will be better to join board.
Questions 12 and 15 are based on the news report you have just heard.
未听先知：预览四道题各选项，由选项中的exam、courses 和term paper 可知，对话与学生有关；再根据选项中的vacation abroad、money、Working part time 和sailing 等词可推测，对话内容涉及出国度假、挣钱、兼职工作等方面内容。其中，第15 题各选项主语均为He，考查某男士的细节信息。
12.What does the man think of doing?
答案：A详解：对话中，男士提到学期要结束了，问女士是否认为他们应该去国外度假、休息放松一下。因此答案为A。13.What has the man been doing for the past few months?
答案：C详解：对话中男士提到，在过去的几个月里他已经攒下了做服务生挣得的小费。因
此答案为C。14.What does the woman say she needs to do before departure?
答案：B
详解：对话中，女士提到自己有一点储蓄以备不时之需，但在出发前可能还需要多挣一些。因此
答案为B。15.Why does the woman want to invite Tom?
答案：A
详解：对话中，男士问女士是否应该再叫几个人一起去，女士回答说可以问问Tom 和Tracy，并且提到如果Tom
去，他们就可以进行帆船运动，Tom 有很多船上的经验。因此答案为A。
Se c t i on C
Passage One
Most people know Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize, and the first person to win it twice. (16)However, few people know that she was also the mother of a Nobel Prize winner.
Irene Curie was born on September 12,1987. At the age of 10, Irene’s talents and interest in mathematics were apparent.Irene entered Sevigne University in October,1914, to prepare for her degree in mathematics and physics. When World War I began, she left Sevigne University to help her mother, who was using X-ray facilities to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. (17)Irene continued this work by developing X-ray facilities for military in France and Belgium. After the war she received a Military Medal for her work. In 1918, Irene became her mother’s assistant at the Curie Institute. In December 1924, Frederic Joliot visited the Institute where he met Marie Curie. Frederic became one of her assistants and Irene taught him the techniques required to work with radioactivity. Irene and Frederic soon fell in love and got married on October 29,1926. Their daughter was born in 1927 and their son in 1932.
Like her mother, Irene combined family with career. Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, along with her husband, Frederic, in 1935, for producing new radioactive elements. (18)Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed blood cancer because of her exposure to radiation. Irene Joliot-Curie died on March17,1956.
Questions 16 and 18 are based on the news report you have just heard.未听先知：预览三道题各选项，由选项中出现的won、Nobel Prize 和winner 可知，本篇短文与诺贝尔奖获得者有关。第16 题和第17 题各选项主语均为She，可推测该诺贝尔奖获得者为女性；再结合语义可推测，第16 题考查该女性
的经历或成就，第17 题考查该女性的贡献或所做的有助益的事情，第18 题则考查该女性与另一人物的共同特点。
16.W hat does the speaker say about Marie Cur ie’s daughter?
答案：D
详解：短文开头提到，大多数人都知道Marie Curie 是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性，也是第一个获得两次诺贝尔奖的人，然而很少有人知道她也是一位诺贝尔奖得主的母亲。下文接着对Marie Curie 的女儿Irene 进行了介绍，因此答案为D。
17.For w hat wa s I r e ne Curie awarded a Milita r y Medal?
答案：B
详解：短文中提到，一战爆发后，Irene Curie 离开了大学，帮母亲用X 射线设备拯救受伤士兵的生命。Irene Curie继续这项工作，为法国和比利时的军事医院研发X 射线设备。战争结束后，她获得一枚军功章，作为对她的工作的肯定。因此答案为B。
18.I n what way were Marie and Irene similar?
答案：A
详解：短文最后提到，不幸的是，Irene 和她的母亲Marie 一样，由于暴露在辐射中而得了血癌，Irene 与1956 年3
月17 日去世。因此答案为A。
Passage Two
Have you ever heard of the Vikings? They were sea travelers from Norway. More than a thousand years ago, they made three important geographical discoveries.
(19)The Vikings’ first major discovery occurred in the ninth century. A man called Naddod was on his way from Norway to the Faroe Islands, north of England, when his ship was caught in a storm. The storm blew the ship west for several days. When the weather cleared, Naddod found himself on the coast of a new land. Later, Viking travelers named it Iceland.
In 982, a Viking called Eric the Red sailed west in search of new land. (20)Five hundred miles west of Iceland, he and his men reached an icy rocky mass of land. They sailed around it until they reached the western side. Here, they found some g reen areas, so they named the island Greenland.
Then, in 1001, the Vikings made their most important discovery. The son of Eric the Red, named Leif Ericson, had heard rumors about land west of Greenland. He sailed west and soon found it. He and his men landed in three places. They called the first one Helluland, which means land of flat stones. The Vikings then sailed south and made their second landing. They named this place Markland. The third landing was at a place they called Vinland. Leif Ericson and his men were the first Europeans to walk on the shores of North America, almost 500 years earlier than Columbus.
Qu e s t i on s 19 and 21 are based on the ne w s report you h ave just heard. 未听先知：预览三道题各选项，由选项中出现的first settlers、Europe、conquerors、the ninth century 以及反复出现的the Vikings 可知，短文内容与早期维京人的领土扩张有关。第19 题各选项的主语They 很有可能就是指维京人，此题考查有关维京人的细节描述；第20 题各选项主语均为It，结合语义可推测，本题可能考查某地的方位或者特征；第21 题各选项均为名词短语且均比较有概括性，可能考查短文主旨。
19.W hat do we learn about the Vikings?
答案：C
详解：短文中提到，维京人的第一个重大发现发生在9 世纪。一个名叫Naddod 的人要从挪威到英格兰北部的法罗群岛（Faroe Islands），但他的船遇到了暴风雨，被吹向了西方并行驶了几天，等天气晴朗之后，他们发现自己到了一片新陆地，之后维京人将其命名为Iceland。因此答案为C。
20.W hat does the passage say about Greenland?
答案：D
详解：短文中提到，Eric the Red 和他的船员们在Iceland 以西500 里发现了一块结满了冰且到处都是岩石的陆地，他们绕着这块陆地航行抵达了它的西面，在这里他们发现了一些绿地，因此将它命名为Greenland。因此答案为D。21.What does the speaker mainly talk about?
答案：A详解：短文从简单介绍维京人开始，引出了他们的三大重要地理发现，全篇以这三大发现展开描述。从短文中不难得出，维京人的三大发现均与海洋、航行和发现新陆地有关，因此可以概括为海洋探索，答案为A。
Passage Three
W here do you think you will be in ten years? It’s difficult to know exactly where you will be and what you will be
doing. (22)But everyone dreams about the future. You might imagine the job you will get when you finish school. You may d aydream about meeting your life partner or live in a big house by the sea.
In my dreams, I would have twins, a boy and a girl. We would live in a large two-story house with floors and the staircase made of wood. Now, at the age of 46, I look back on those dreams and smile. Things haven’t turned out exactly as I imagined. (23)But I wouldn’t change what I have now for that imaginary world.
(24)In college, I studied international bus i ne s s, a n d planned t o e nt er a law school. In my third year of universi t y,
I realize d that I d idn’t w a nt t o become a lawyer. I chose to become a language teacher. I did get married, but had more than two children. We had five. Do I live in the dream house with wooden floors? No, I don’t. But I love my home and I wouldn’t want to live in any other place.
I believe that as a young person, it’s important to dream and make plans. However, it’s also important to realize that not all of your plans will turn out exactly as you wish. (25)One of the biggest lessons I have learned in life is this: Be happy with what you have.
Questions 22 and 25 are based on the news report you have just heard.
未听先知：预览四道题各宣泄下，第22 题四个选项均为对一般行为的描述，考查某人的行为动作；由第
23 题选项中反复出现的his 和he 可推测，本篇短文与某位男士有关，应注意与男士相关的动作描述；第
24 题各选项均为名词短语，听音时注意提及选项关键词的细节描述；第25 题多为哲理行描述，可能考查启发类的题目，应多注意短文结尾的总结性语言。
22.What does the speaker think everyone tends to do?
答案：C详解：短文开头部分，讲话者明确提到每个人都会梦想将来，因
此答案为C。23.What does the speaker say he would refuse to do?
答案：B详解：短文中，讲话者提到了自己对将来的梦想，也提到现实与梦想有所差别，但是讲话者
明确说自己不会拿现在所拥有的一切去换取以前想象中的世界。因此答案为B。
24.W hat did the speaker major in during the first two years of college?
答案：D 详解：短文中，讲话者提到他在大学时学的是国际商务，而且打算进入一个法学院，但是在
大三的时候意识到自己不想成为一名律师。因此答案为D。
25.W hat is one of the biggest lessons the speaker has learned in life?
答案：C详解：短文最后，讲话者提到自己在生活中所学到的其中最重要的一点是：为你所拥有的感到快乐。因此答案为C。
Part ⅢReading Comprehension
Section A
全文翻
译：
技术变革为生活在20 世纪90 年代的美国人带来了巨大的全新选择。这十年里，娱乐、商业、研究
和通讯的新形式在美国普及开来。这场变革背后的推动力是一个众所周知的（26）新事物——因特网。
20 世纪70 年代国防部开发了因特网。在遭到攻击的情况下，军事顾问提出了能从另一个终端操控一
台计算机
的（27）优势。在因特网发展的初期，它主要被科学家用来与其他科学家交流。直到1984 年，因特网（28）依然由政府控制。
因特网用户早期面临的一个问题是网速。电话线路只能以（29）有限的速度传输信息。光纤电缆的发展使得每分钟接收数十亿比特的信息成为可能。英特尔等公司开发出更快的微处理器，这样个人计算机能够以更快的速度处理（30）输入的信号。
20 世纪90 年代初，万维网被开发出来，在很大程度上是为了（31）商业目的。企业制作主页，放上文字和图片以销售产品。很快，购买机票、（32）预订旅馆、甚至购买汽车和房子都可以在网上进行。大学把研究数据（33）发布到因特网上，学生不用离开宿舍就能找到（34）有价值的信息。公司很快发现员工可以
在家工作，通过网络（35）提交任务，这样全新的远程办公族就出现了，他们不剃胡子、穿着睡衣在家办公。
详解详析：
26.答案：F）innovation
详解：名词辨析题。空格前为冠词a（n），空格后为过去分词短语popularly known as the Internet 作后置定语修
饰该空，因此应填入可数名词单数。本段第一句指出，技术变革为美国人带来了巨大的全新选择，而空格所在句指出，这一变革背后的推动力是众所周知的因特网。由此可知，因特网在30 世纪90 年代的美国是新事物，故填入F）innovation“新事物，创新”。
27.答案：A）advantage
详解：名词辨析题。空格位于冠词the 和介词of 之间，应填入名词。本句意为，在遭到攻击的情况下，军事顾问突出了能够从另一个终端操控一台计算机的_。由句意可知，这样的操作对终端所在地没有限制，具有一定的优势，因此应填入A）advantage“优势，优点”。
28.答案：L）remained
详解：动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，本空位于主语之后，缺少谓语，应填入动词。由句意可知，因特网到1984年一直由政府控制，应填入表示持续一段时间的动词，故答案是L）remained“继续，依然”。29.答案：G）limited
详解：形容词辨析题。本空位于冠词a 和名词rate 之间，因此应填入形容词修饰rate。空格所在句的前一句提到，因特网用户早期面临的一个问题是网速，也就是说早期的因特网网速很慢。本句是对前一句的进一步解释，电话线路只能以速度传输信息。空格处应填入有“慢”含义的形容词，故答案是G）limited“有限的”。30.答案：E）incoming
详解：形容词辨析题。本空位于冠词the 和名词signals 之间，因此应填入形容词修饰signals。本句意为，英特尔等公司开发出更快的微处理器，这样个人计算机能够以更快的速度处理_信号。空格所在句的前一句提到，光纤电缆可以让每分钟接收的信息以数十亿比特计，这就要求个人计算机能更快地处理这些接收的信号，故应填E）incoming“进来的，正来临的”。
31.答案：B）commercial
详解：形容词辨析题。本空位于名词purposes 之前，应填入形容词作定语修饰purposes。由空格所在句的下一句可知，企业利用万维网创建主页以销售产品，由此可知万维网诞生之初是因为企业的需求，故应填入B）commercial “商业的”。
32.答案：M）reservations
详解：名词辨析题。该空位于hotel 之后，而且与airline tickets、cars and homes 构成主语，因此应填入名词。该句意为，很快，购买机票、_旅馆，甚至购买汽车和房子都可以在网上进行。结合日常生活，我们知道在网上可以预订宾馆房间，故空格处应填M）reservations“预订”。
33.答案：K）posted
详解：动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，本空位于主语universities 和宾语research data 之间，因此应填入动词作谓语。本句意为，大学把研究数据_到因特网上，学生不用离开宿舍就能找到信息。由后半句可知，学校的数据放到网上，学生足不出户就能找到信息。因此本空应填入含有“上传”含义的动词，故答案为K）posted “发布，张贴”。
34.答案：O）valuable
详解：形容词辨析题。本空位于不可数名词information 之前，应填入形容词作定语。由句意可知，学生足不出户就可以在网上查到学校发布的研究数据，而这些数据对他们来说肯定是有用的，因此应填入O）valuable“有价值的，珍贵的”。
35.答案：N）submitted
详解：动词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，本空与and 前的done 是并列结构，和be 共同构成被动语态，因此应填入动词过去分词形式。本句意为，公司很快发现员工可以在家工作，然后通过网络_ -，这样全新的远程办公族就出现了，他们不剃胡子，穿着睡衣在加办公。由此可知，员工可以在家办公，通过网络把完成的任务提交上司，因此应填入含有“上交”含义的动词，故答案为N）submitted“提交”。
Section B
全文翻译：
编织对健康的益处
A) 大约15 年前，我被邀请加入编织小组。我同意试一试。
B) （41）15 岁时，母亲曾教过我编织，大学期间我在课上编织过，毕业后的几年里，也一直在编
织。然而几十年过去了，我再也没有碰过织针，但在两个周一参加了编织小组的活动后，我就被吸引了，不仅被编织吸引，而且还被钩织吸引了，我快要成为一个非常高产的手艺人了。
C) 我编织了无数的婴儿毯、毛衣、围巾、帽子和婴儿帽。到哪儿都带着我的编织活，尤其当我需要
坐着不动
聆听的时候。（36）正如我在大学时发现的那样，当我的双手忙碌时，我的头脑就会专注于当下。
D) 似乎我也是全国性地对编织和其他手工艺重燃兴趣的一员。工艺纱理事会报告说，如今年龄在
25 岁至35岁之间的女士中有三分之一的人在编织或钩织。（38）甚至男士和中小学生也加入到这个大队伍中，其中就包括我朋友的三个小孙子。去年四月份，为了庆祝国家压力意识月，工艺纱理事会发起了一场“缝走压力”的活动。身心医学研究所的创始人、《放松反应》的作者。赫伯特·本森博士说，针线活儿的重复动作可以像深思和瑜伽那样产生放松的状态。一旦你超越了最初的学习曲线，编织和钩织就可以降低心率和血压。
E)（45）但与沉思不同的是，手艺活做出了有形且常常有用的物品，这些物品能增强自尊。我在手机里保留着自己非凡成就的照片，以便在需要时提振精神。
F)（43）自20 世纪90 年代以来，工艺纱理事会调查了成千上万的编织者和钩织者，他们经常把缓解压力和创造性满足列为这些活动的主要收获。他们中有一个女儿早产的父亲，他说孩子在重症监护病房的五个星期里，“在我觉得非常无助的时候，学者编织婴儿帽给了我一种目标感。这成了我一直在坚持的一个爱好，并且它仍帮助我应对工作中的压力，在忙碌的日子里提供一种秩序感，让我的大脑有时间解决问题。
G) 最近纱线公司Red Heart 发布了一封主题为“钩织和编织对健康的益处”的电子邮件，这封邮件促使我去探索编织之类的活动所带来的健康价值中还有什么其他需要了解的。我的研究表明，这些活动带来的回报远远超过了以创造的满足感来代替压力和焦虑。
H) （37）例如，多伦多的一名人生教练海伦·海耶斯实施了编织治疗方案，包括用“编织戒烟”方案来帮助抽烟者戒烟，“编织治疗”方案来帮助人们应对健康危机，比如癌症诊断或家庭成员的严重疾病。有手艺课程的学校和监狱报告说，这些课程能产生镇静的效果，并能提高社交技能。遵循复杂手艺课程的指导可以提高孩子的数学技能。
I) 一些人发现，手艺活可以帮助他们的控制体重。（42）就像边编织边抽烟很困难一样，当手里拿着编织针和钩针时，就会减少因无聊而吃零食和瞎吃的可能性。
J) 我发现，尽管不断变老，用纱线做手工使我患了关节炎的手指更加灵巧。一位女士在患了引发手部剧痛的自身免疫疾病以后，被鼓励尝试编织，她在工艺纱理事会的网站上汇报说，她的手现在不那么僵硬和疼痛了。
K)不列颠哥伦比亚大学2009 年研究了38 名学习编织的患有饮食失调症的女士，研究发现，学习这种手艺有效改善了饮食失调症。她们中74%的人表示，这项活动减轻了她们的恐惧，使她们不去想自己的疾病。
L）蓓塔森·科克希尔是一名来自英格兰巴斯的健康教练，同时也是《为健康和幸福编织》一书的作者，她创建了一个名为Stitchlinks 的网站，探索被她称之为编织治疗的价值。在他的受访者中，54%的临床抑郁症患者表示编织使他们感到高兴或非常高兴。（40）科克希尔女士和同事对60 名自我报名称患有持续性疼痛的患者进行了一项研究，她们报告称编织使患者们能够重新调整自己的注意力，减少对疼痛的意识。她认为，大脑一次只能处理这么多事情，编织和钩织之类的活动是大脑很难注意到疼痛信号。也许最令人兴奋的是，研究表明诸如编织和钩织等手艺可能有助于防止因年龄增长导致的大脑功能退化。在2011 年的一项研究中，由罗切斯特市马友诊所的约纳斯·杰达博士带领研究人员随机采访了1，321 名年龄在70 岁至89 岁的人，他们中大部分人在认知方面是正常的，研究人员针对他们晚年从事的认知活动进行了访问。（44）该研究发表在《精神医学与临床神经科学杂志》上，研究发现那些从事编织和钩织等手艺的人患轻度认知障碍和记忆力丧失可能性会降低。
M）尽管只能认知健康的人才有可能从事这样的活动，但那些阅读报纸、杂志。或伴奏的人却没有表现出类似的好处。研究人员推测，手艺活动促进了大脑神经通路的发展，有助于保持认知健康。
N）为了支持这一建议，德克萨斯大学拉达拉斯分校的丹尼斯·C.帕克和他的同事于2014 年进行了一项研究，该研究证明，学习编织或数码摄影能增强老年人的记忆功能。那些参加非智力挑战活动的人，无论是社交团体还是孤身一人，都没有显示出这样的改善。
O）（39）鉴于持续的社会交往已被证明有助于健康和长寿，那些希望最大程度发挥手工艺健康价值的人可以考虑加入感兴趣的小组。对我来说，我尽量不错过编织小组每周一次的活动。
详解详析：
题干中的
found 对应原文中的discovered; concentrate 对应stays focused on，题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为C。
括用“编
织戒烟”方案来帮助抽烟者戒烟。题干中的stay away from tobacco 对应原文中的give up the habit,题干是对定位句的概括归纳，故答案为H。
甚至男士和中小学生也在壮大这一队伍。题干中的men and children 对应原文中的men and schoolchildren；
康价值的人可以考虑加入感兴趣的小组。题干是对定位句的概括归纳，故答案为O。
疼痛的意识，编织和钩织之类的活动使大脑很难注意到疼痛信号。由此可知，编织能分散人们对疼痛的注意力，题干是对定位句的概括归纳，故答案为L。
但在后来
的几十年里再也没有碰过织针，直到在两个周一参加了编织小组的活动后，作者就被编织和钩织吸引了，快要成为一个非常高产的手艺人了。题干中的as a teenager 对应原文中的at 15；became keenly interested 对应原文中的was hooked，题干是对定位段的概括总结，故答案为B。
编织针和钩针时，因无聊而吃零食和瞎吃就会减少。简言之，编织时，人们就会减少吃零食。题干中的eat fewer snacks 对应原文中的less snacking and mindless eating，题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为
们经常把缓解压力和创造性满足列为这些活动的主要收获。题干中的help…relieve stress 对应原文中的stress relief,题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为F。
会降低。题干中的are less likely to suffer…对应原文中的had a diminished chance of developing…,题干是对定位句的同义转述，故答案为L。
2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案 Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 建设绿色校园很重要 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境…… 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该…… Creating a Green Campus Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid Good grades and high tests scores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award financial aid. But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as “merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars. George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients(接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago. Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether. No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008. Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many families who don’t meet need eligibility(资格)have been willing to pay whatever they must for a big-name school. For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the scholarship amount to keep the institution running. But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “They’re trying to buy students,”says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum. Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to enroll without it. “As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,”says Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Repor t’s ranking of the best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.
2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第1套) Part?I? Writing? （30?minutes） Directions:?For?this?part,?you?are?allowed?30minutes?to?write?a?short?essay?on? the?importance of?reading?ability?and?how?to?develop?it.?You?should?write?at?least?120?wor ds?but?no?more?than180?words. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Part?II ?Listening?Comprehension? (25?minutes) Section?A Directions:?In?this?section,?you?will?hear?three news?reports.?At?the?end?of?each?news?report,?you will?hear?two?or?three?questions.?Both?the?news?report?and?the?questions?wil l?be?spoken?only once.?After?you?hear?a?question,?you?must?choose?the?best?answer?from?the?fo ur?choices marked?A),?B),?C)?and?D).?Then?mark?the?corresponding?letter?on?Answer?Sheet ?1?with?a single?line?through?the?centre. Questions?1?and?2?are?based?on?the?news?report?you?have?just?heard. 1.A)?The?return?of?a?bottled?message?to?its?owner's?daughter. B)?A?New?Hampshire?man's?joke?with?friends?on?his?wife. C)?A?father's?message?for?his?daughter. D)?The?history?of?a?century-old?motel. 2.?A)?She?wanted?to?show?gratitude?for?his?kindness. B)?She?wanted?to?honor?her?father's?promise. C)?She?had?been?asked?by?her?father?to?do?so. D)?She?was?excited?to?see?her?father's?handwriting. Questions?3?and?4?are?based?on?the?news?report?you?have?just?heard. 3.?A)?People?were?concerned?about?the?number?of?bees. B)?Several?cases?of?Zika?disease?had?been?identified. C)?Two?million?bees?were?infected?with?disease. D)?Zika?virus?had?destroyed?some?bee?farms. 4.?A)?It?apologized?to?its?customers.? B)?It?was?forced?to?kill?its?bees. C)?It?lost?a?huge?stock?of?bees. D)?It?lost??million?dollars.
2018年12月英语四级真题（第一套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 关注公众号“春秋大道”，无偿得到全部英语四六级历年真题（更新至2018年12月）+听力原频 Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1.A) Land a space vehicle on the moon in 2019. B) Design a new generation of mobile phones. C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon. D) Gather data from the noon with a tiny device. 2.A) It is stable. B) It is durable. C) It is inexpensive. D) It is sophisticated.
2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解（第3 套） Part I Writing 审题思路： 近年来关于医患关系问题的讨论非常热烈，学生对这一话题并不陌生。对于如何处理好医患关系（h ow to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients）可以从宏观角度进行讨论，如政府应该如何做；也可以从微观角度入手，即医生和患者应该怎么做，从而进一步转化成人与人之间的相处之道，如理解、信任等，再结合医患关系讨论即可。这样处理，相对前者要简单许多。当然，考生可以根据自己的认知和英语水平等实际情况，使自己的文章最大可能地出彩。 高分范文： Mutual Understanding Is Most Important When we talk about the relationship between doctors and patients, what comes into my mind is generally negative news. However, I believe there is a way for doctors and patients to get along harmoniously—that is mutual understanding. On the one hand, patients are helpless and worried when they go to hospital. So doctor’s attitude or response is critically important for them and their family. On the other hand, doctors have to face so many patients every day that they even have no time to take a rest. Such a high intensity of work could drive a man crazy. Thus, if they can stand in each other’s shoes, most problems could be solved. Otherwise, a doctor’s brief conclusion about the condition of patients might be regarded as cold blood and result in conflicts. Nowadays, much effort has been made to ease the tension of doctor-patient relationship. But I think the most effective one is mutual understanding and trust. 全文翻译： 相互理解最重要当我们谈论医患关系时，进入我脑海的多是负面新闻。然而，我相信医生和患者是可以做到和谐相处的，那就 是靠相互理解。一方面病人到医院看病的时候是无助的、忧虑的。因此，医生的态度或反馈对他们及其家人而言至关重要。另 一方面，医生每天要面对太多病人，以至于连休息的时间都没有。这种高强度的工作会把人逼疯。因此，如果他们能够站在对方的立场上思考问题，大多数问题就会迎刃而解。否则，医生对患者病情的简短结论可能会被患者认为是冷血，从而导致冲突。 当今社会为了缓和医患关系已经做出了很多努力。但是，我认为最有效的办法就是相互理解与信任。 Part ⅢReading Comprehension Section A 全文翻译： 众所周知，当提到（26）接触STEM（科学、技术、工程学、数学）课程时，公共教育体系存在巨大的空白。一个名为多丽·罗伯茨的教育者决心做些什么改变这一体系。多丽在高中教了11 年的工程学。她注意到，各个（27）等级的公共教育体系都存在着优质STEM 教育的巨大空白。她说，“在发现缺少数学、科学、工程学课程后，我创办了‘儿童工程学（EFK）’，让我的学生可以（28）报名。” 她决定开办一项课外活动，孩子们可以（29）参与以STEM 为基础的竞赛。该社团很快发展壮大，成员达到180 人，参加的孩子们获得了好几个州的（30）冠军，这时她决定全身心的投入到发展和（31）开发该课程中。全球企业EFK 由此诞生了。 多丽一开始在弗吉尼亚州自己的家里运营EFK，而后扩展到（32）当地的娱乐中心。如今，EFK 在美国32 个州及21 个国家（33）经营着超过144 家分公司。销售额已经从2014 年的500 万美元翻倍至2015 年的1，000 美元， 而且2016 年计划新开设25 家分公司。EFK 网站上写道，“我们国家（34）毕业的工程师并不够。我们的理念是从小就启迪孩子们，让他们理解工程师是一个伟大的（35）职业。” 详解详析： 26.答案：G）exposure 详解：名词辨析题。空格之前有固定表达when it comes to，其中to 是介词，故此处应填入名词或动名词。本句
2014-2019历年大学英语四级真题及答案 2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题 Part I Writing （30 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the first place you would like to take him/her to see and why? Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes） Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 1. A）The man should visit the museums. B）She can’t stand the hot weather. C）The beach resort is a good choice. D）She enjoys staying in Washington. 2. A）Her new responsibilities in the company. B）What her job prospects are. C）What the customers’ feedbac k is. D）The director’s opinion of her work. 3. A）Combine her training with dieting. B）Repeat the training every three days. C）Avoid excessive physical training. D）Include weightlifting in the program. 4. A）When she will return home. B）Whether she can go by herself. C）Whether she can travel by air. D）When she will completely recover. 5. A）The woman knows how to deal with the police. B）The woman had been fined many times before. C）The woman had violated traffic regulations. D）The woman is good at finding excuses. 6. A）Switch off the refrigerator for a while. B）Have someone repair the refrigerator. C）Ask the man to fix the refrigerator. D）Buy a refrigerator of better quality. 7. A）He owns a piece of land in the downtown area. B）He has got enough money to buy a house. C）He can finally do what he has dreamed of. D）He is moving into a bigger apartment. 8. A）She is black and blue all over. B）She has to go to see a doctor. C）She stayed away from work for a few days. D）She got hurt in an accident yesterday.
2011年12月英语四级真题 Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上． For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, "Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I've done it hundreds of times." You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Why Integrity Matters What is Integrity? The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. "But Everybody Does It" Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.
2013年12月大学英语四级考试翻译题目 许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill bu t also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Alth ough cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Sinc e food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between ce real, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Informati on Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this ph enomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for s tudents should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a nee d, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Inf ormation Technology aroused public concern. "你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 "Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coff ee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discove red by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease . During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drin king spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it s pread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chine se tradition and culture. 中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚,中国结常常作为礼物交换或
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及解析完整版 Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. Physical activity does the body good, and there?s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic28, investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29in the basic subjects of math, English and reading. The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they?re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.
2018年12月大学英语四级真题完整版（第3套） Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of studying abroad. You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words. PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once． Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. Have you ever used email to apologize to a colleague Delivered a 26 to a subordinate (下属) with a voice-mail message Flown by plane across the country just to deliver important news in person The various communication options at our fingertips today can be good for 27 and productivity---and at the same time very troublesome. With so many ways to communicate, how should a manager choose the one that’s best --- 28 when the message to be delivered is bad or unwelcome news for the recipient We’ve 29 business communication consultants and etiquette (礼仪) experts to come up with the following guidelines for 30 using the alterative ways of delivering difficult messages. First of all, choose how personal you want to be. A face-to-face communication is the most 31 .Other choices, in descending order of personalization, are: a real-time phone call, a voice-mail message, a handwritten note, a typewritten letter, and the most 32 is email. Some of these may change order according to the 33 situation or your own preferences; for example, a handwritten note might seem more personal than voice mail. How do you decide on the best choice for the difficult message you’ve got to deliver “My 34 concern is: How can I soften or civilize this message” says etiquette expert Dana Casperson. “So when