动词的时态
在英语中,由于谓语动作发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化.这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态.
英语动词的时态共有16种,列表如下:(以动词write 为例)
被动语态的构成
一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 write writes am is writing are
has written
have has been writing have 过去
wrote was
writting
were had written had been writing 将来 shall write will shall be writing will shall have written will shall have been writing
will
过去将来 should write would
should
be
writing
would should have written would should have been writing would 一般
进行 完成 现在
am
is taught
are am is being taught are has been taught have 过去
was taught were was being taught were had been taught 将来 shall be taught will
被动语态由助动词be 加过去分词构成,时态通过be 表现出来.构成被动语态的一般疑问句时,须将第一个助动词移至主语之前,构成被动语态的否定句时,助动词后须加not. 各个时态的被动形式列表如下:(以动词teach 为例)
英语被动语态讲解
（一）语态的基本概念和种类
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
如：They built the bridge.
The bridge was built by them.
(二)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be 的变化表现出来的。
歌诀是：被动语态be 字变，过去分词跟后面。
情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词
(三)被动语态的用法
1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：
Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：
the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 过去将来 should
be taught
would
This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到
（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来
使用。
(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中
的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by 的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：
Li Lei planted t he tree last year. → The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。
Workers made the machines in Changsha. → The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。
(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而
宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：
He painted the door green yesterda y. →The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。
注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须
带to。如：
I saw him go into the teachers’ office. →He was seen to go into the
teachers’ office.
看见他进入了教师办公室。
(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：
He gave me the pen last year. →I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。
【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。
(4) 动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：
He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
(5) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：
She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。
The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。
His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。
（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把to do 变成to be done
（五）不用被动语态的情况
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take
place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
(错) Please seat.
(对) Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
3) 系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn .
It sounds good.
4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life .
She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.
二、复习时需要注意的要点
（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：
①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；
②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；
③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。
（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语
②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。
（3）在短语see sb. do sth. 中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear等，以及使役动词make, let等。
各种时态的被动语态举例
1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时,机器正在被修理。
The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。
A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。
5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)
Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了。
The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经
有几名士兵被杀害。
6．过去完成时(had been+done)
They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。
She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。
He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.
他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了
第三节巩固练习
Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:
1． We often use a recorder in our English class.
2． They will show a new film next week.
3． When did they build the house?
4． I saw the boy enter the room.
5． Will they show a new film next week?
6． Have they posted the letter yet?
7． We often see him help his classmate.
8． You must turn off the light before you go to be.d
9． Who is repairing the bike?
10． The student should learn all the texts by heart.
Ⅱ.选择填空:
1. The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon.
A. cleaned
B. is cleaned
C. was cleaning
D. was cleaned
2. The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.
A. work
B. to work
C. working
D. worked
3. Food ________ in a cool place in summer.
A. must keep
B. mustn’t keep
C. must be kept
D. mustn’t be kept
4. His father ________ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.
A. sent
B. was sent
C. has sent
D. has been sent
5. The pen ________ well.
A. writes
B. is written
C. was written
D. writing
6. Great changes ________ in the town since 1988.
A. have taken place
B. have been taken place
C. has taken place
D. has been taken place
7. Our compositions must ________ next Monday.
A. be hand in
B. be handed in
C. handed in
D. be handing in
8. The child will ________ back to his parents next month.
A. sent
B. send
C. be sent
D. be sending
9. ________ his work ________ yet?
A. have…been finished
B. has …been finished
C. has …finished
D. have…finished
10. The classroom ________ now
A. is cleaning
B. is being cleaning
C. is being cleaned
D. is cleaned
Ⅲ.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:
1. Can he ________ (speak) English?
2. What language ________ (speak) in that country?
3.The film ________ (show) many times since last Sunday.
4. These TV sets ________ (make) in SiChuan.
5. It has got so dark. Would you please ________ (turn) on the light?
6. A new hospital ________ (build) in this area now.
7. ________ the book ________ (return).
8.Rice ________ (grow) in the south.
9. The window ________ (not break) by the boy.
10.I ________ (tell) he ________ (not come) just now.
答案I、
1. A recorder is often used in our English class.
2. A new film will be shown by then next week.
3. When was the house built by them?
4. The boy was seen to enter the room.
5. Will a new film be shown by them next week?
7. He is often seen to help his classmate.
8. The light must be turned off before you go to bed.
9. Who is the bike being repaired by?
(By whom is the bike being repaired?)
10. All the texts should be learned by heart by the students.
II、
1. D
2.
B
3.
C
4.
B
5.
A
6.
A
7.
B
8.
C
9.
B
10
.C
III、
1. speak 2 is spoken 3. has been shown
4. are made
5. turn
6. is being built
7. Has returned 8. is grown 9. wasn’t broken
10. was told didn’t come
被动语态练习题
( )1.—Do you often clean your classroom? —Yes. Our classroom ___ every day.
A.clean
B.cleans
C.is cleaned
D.is cleaning
( )2.A talk on developments in science and technology___in the school hall next week.
A. given
B.will be given
C.has been given
D.give
( )3.His new book___ next month.
A. will be published
B. is publishing
C. is being published
D. has been published
( )4.—Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? —No,I____.
A.am not invited
B.wasn’t invited
C.haven’t invited
D.didn’t invite
( )5.—Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack? —When your homework___,you can.
A. is done
B.was done
C.does
D.did
( )6.Twenty—year—olds should not____to drive in China.
A.allow
B.be allow
C.be allowed
D.allowed.
( )7.Seeing him rush into the room with tears in his eyes,I asked him
what___.
A.would happen
B.had happened
C.happened
D.was happened.
( )8.The book Business@the Speed of Thought ___in 1999.
A.writes
B.is written
C.wrote
D.was written.
( )9.Trees and flowers__every year to make our country more beautiful.
A.is planted
B.was planted
C.are planted
D.were planted.
( )10.China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang___Good Will Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shang hai.
A.has been named
B.have been named
C.has named
D.have named.
( )11.The earth is our home.It ___well.
A.must be protected
B.should protect
C.need protect
D.should protected.
( )12.In recent years, many children are made ___ what they are not___. A.to do;interested in B.to do;interested C.do;interested
D.do;interested.
( )13.___a new library____in your school last year?
A.Is;built
B.Was;built
C.Does;built
D.Did;built.
( )14.An accident___on this road last week.
A.has been happened
B.was happened
C.is happened
D.happened. ( )15.Cotten ____in the southeast of China.
A.is grown
B.are grown
C.grows
D.grow.
( )16.So far, the moon___by man already.
A.is visited
B.will be visited
C.has been visited
D.was visited.
( )17.How many trees ___this year?
A.are planted
B.will plant
C.have been planted
D.planted.
( )18.A lot of things ___by people to save the little girl now.
A.are doing
B.are being done
C.has been done
D.will be done.
( )19.Neither of them ___ in China
A.is made
B.are made
C.were made
D.made.
( )20.Look! A nice picture___for our teacher.
A. is drawing
B.is being drawn
C.has been drawn
D.draws.
( )21.Your shoes___.You need a new pair.
A.wear out
B.worn out
C.are worn out
D.is worn.
( )22.The doctor___for yet.
A.isn’t sent
B.hasn’t been sent
C.won’t be sent
D.wasn’t sent.
( )23—When ___this kind of computer___? —Last year.
A.did;use
B.was;used
C.is;used
D.are;used
( )24.The Great Wall__about all over the world.
A.knows
B.knew
C.is known
D.was known.
( )25.I___in summer.
A.born
B.was born
C.have been born
D.am born.
( )26.He says that Mr Zhang___to the factory next week.
A.is sent
B.would send
C.was sent
D.will be sent.
( )27.Who ___this book__?
A.did;written
B.was;written by
C.do;written
D.was;written
( )28.Mary ___show me her new dictionary.
A.has asked to
B.was asked to
C.is asked
D.asks to
( )29. A story __ by Granny yesterday.
A.was told us
B.was told to us
C.is told us
D.told us
( )30.The monkey was seen____out of the tree.
A.jump
B.jumps
C.jumped
D.to jump
参考答案 1~5CBABA 6~10CBDCB 11~15AABDA 16~20CCBAB 21~25CBBCB
26~30DBBBD
二、单项选择 1
( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found
B. was founded
C. is founded
D. was found
( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks
B. are spoken
C. is speaking
D. is spoken
( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings
B. often sang
C. is often sang
D. is often sung
( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used
B. are using
C. are used
D. have used
2
( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep
B. be kept
C. to be kept
D. to keep
( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.
-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold
B. it's selling
C. It's been sold
D. it had been sold ( ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building
B. is being built
C. been built
D. be building ( ) 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left
B. will be left
C. is left
D. has been left
( ) 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need
B. are needing
C. are needed
D. will need
3
( ) 1 Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken
B. are spoken
C. is speaking
D. is not speaking ( ) 2 These papers___yet.
A. have not written
B. have not been written
C. has not written
D. has not been written
( ) 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't
B. won't
C. isn't
D. doesn't
4
( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.- ___.
A. Can't they be mended?
B. Let me have a look at it.
C. How much do they cost?
D. Can't they mended?
( ) 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.
A. Does
B. Has
C. Is
D. Are
( ) 3 ___ these desks be needed?
A. Will
B. Are
C. Has
D. Do
5
( ) 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
A. didn't a meeting hold
B. wasn't a meeting held
C. wasn't held a meeting
D. a meeting wasn't held
( ) 2 Who was the book___?
A. write
B. wrote
C. written
D. written by
( ) 3 Where ___ these boxes made?
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. am
6
( ) 1 The flowers___often.
A. must be water
B. must be watered
C. must watered
D. must water ( ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept
B. be borrowed
C. keep
D. borrow
( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend
B. can mended
C. can be mend
D. can be mended 7
( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be rebuilt
B. will rebuilt
C. are going to be rebuilt
D. are going to rebuilt
( ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown
B.will shown
C. will show
D. is shown ( ) 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week.
A. is going to be rebuilt
B. will be rebuild
C. are going to be rebuilt
D. will rebuild
8
( ) 1 Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept
B. are keeping
C. have been keeping
D. have been kept ( ) 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
A. used; keeping
B. was used; keeping
C. is used; to keep
D. are used; keep
( ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows
B. is grown
C. were grown
D. will grow
( ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built
B. built
C. were built
D. was built
( ) 5 Wet clothes are often__up near a fire in rainy weather.
A. hang
B. hanged
C. hanging
D. hung
9
( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must __ dirty things into it.
A. be stopped to throw
B. be stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw
D. stop from throwing
( ) 2 The teapot ___ water.
A. is filled with
B. filled of
C. fulling of
D. filled
( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely. A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to
( ) 4 Old people must ___.
A. look after well
B. be looked well after
C. looked well after
D. be looked after well
10
( ) 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care
B. are taken good care of
C. take good care of
D. take good care
( ) 2 They were___ at the sudden noise.
A. frightening
B. frightened
C. frighten
D. frightens ( ) 3 These walls___stones.
A. are made of
B. made of
C. are made into
D. made into
11
( ) 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called
B. was asked
C. told
D. was said
( ) 2 The papers ___ to them.
A. were shown
B. show
C. shown
D. have shown
( ) 3 The coat___her sister.
A.made to
B.were made for
C.was made for
D.was made to
12
( ) 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave
B. was giving
C. had given
D. was given
( ) 2 Good care____such things.
A. should take of
B. should be taken
C. should be taking
D. should be taken of
( ) 3 She will____good care____.
A.take;of
B.be taken;of
C. take;for you
D. be taken;of you
13
( ) 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do
B. do
C. did
D. done
( ) 2 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean
B. made clean
C. made to clean
D. was made clean
( ) 3 These children____dance.
A. were seen to
B. were seen for
C. were seen
D. saw to
14
( ) 1 These stones___well.
A. are fitted
B. fit
C. fits
D. is fitted
( ) 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost
B. costed
C. cost
D. is costed
( ) 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was had
B. was held
C. held
D. had
15
( ) 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place
B. have taken place
C. were taking place
D. had taken place
( ) 2 You can't use the computer, it____.
A.was broken down
B.is wrong
C.is bad
D.has broken down
( ) 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.
A. have happened
B. happened
C. have been happened
D. were happened
( ) 4 The watch has often ___ down.
A. sat
B. lain
C. broken
D. fell
16
( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken
B. is breaking
C. broke
D. broken
( ) 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written
B. were written
C. are writing
D. were writing
( ) 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day?
A. does; closed
B. does; close
C. is; closed
D. /; close
17
( ) 1 Can he___ himself?
A. get dress
B. get dressed
C. gets dressed
D. instead of
( ) 2 He fell from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt
B. gets hurt
C. got hurt
D. hurt
( ) 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire,or your trousers will__.
A. burnt
B. burn
C. burning
D. get burnt
18
( ) 1 The apple___very sweet.
A. is tasted
B. taste
C. tastes
D. are tasting ( ) 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. see
B. watch
C. look
D. look at
( ) 3 What you said ___ like a good idea.
A. heard
B. listened
C. sound
D. sounded
19
( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play?
-Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.
A. watching
B. watched
C. seen
D. seeing
( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___.
A. to clean
B. clean
C. cleaning
D. cleaned
( ) 3 The book is worth ___.
A. seeing
B. reading
C. Seen
D. read
参考答案： 1. 1-5 B D D D C
2. 1-5 B C B B C
3. 1-3 A B B
4. 1-3 A B A
5. 1-3 B D B
6. 1-3 B A D
7. 1-3 A B A
8. 1-5 D B B C D 9. 1-4 B A D D
10. 1-3 B B A
11. 1-3 B A C
12. 1-3 D D B
13. 1-3 B A A
14. 1-4 B C B 15. 1-4 B D A C
16. 1-3 A B C
17. 1-3 B C D
18. 1-3 C C D
19. 1-3 A C B
实用文档之"100道题！初中英语八大时态专 项练习题（含答案）" 100道题！初中英语八大时态专项练习题（含答案） 1. The sun ________ in the east. A. is always rising B. always is rising C. rises always D. always rises 2. He often ________ his clothes on Sundays. A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash 3. I’m Japanese. Where ________ from? A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming 4. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness. A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved 5. ________ at a higher temperature than water?
A. Has milk boiled B. Is milk boiling C. Does milk boil D. Was milk boiling 6. He signed to us with his hand, “The lesson is over. You ________.” A. dismissed B. are dismissed C. have dismissed D. were dismissed 7. I haven’t met him for ages, but his mother ________ him sometimes. A. had still seen B. still sees C. has still seen D. still saw 8. We will start as soon as our team leader________ . A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming 9. I think Jack ________ the answer. A. has known B. does know C. is knowing D. knows 10. My father ________ George quite well; they were introduced at a party. A. is knowing B. was knowing C.
英语中的十六种时态 （1）一般现在时 基本形式（以do为例）：第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）；肯定句：主语＋动词原形＋其他； He works for us. 否定句：主语＋don't/doesn't＋动词原形＋其他； He doesn't work for us. 一般疑问句：Do/Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他。 肯定回答：Yes，（＋主语＋do/does）． 否定回答：No，（＋主语＋don't/doesn't.） 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语 Does he work for us？ Yes， he does.
No， he doesn't What does he do for us？ He works for us. （2）一般过去时 be动词＋行为动词的过去式 否定句式：在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词，或was／were＋not；was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词 例如： Did he work for us？ He didn't work for us. He worked for us. （3）一般将来时 am／are／is＋going to＋do 或 will／shall＋do am/is/are/about to + do
am/is/are to + do； 一般将来时的表达方法 be going to +动词原形 be +不定式，be to+动词原形，be about to ＋动词原形 be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 will + 动词原形； 例如：He is going to work for us. He will work for us； He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子！！ (4)过去将来时 be（was，were）going to+动词原形 be（was，were）about to+动词原形
英语语法：被动语态的用法 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去 分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我们教室每天都被打扫。 I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分 词 A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。 Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。 3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建 一家新医院。 Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。 4. 现在实行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动 词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自 行车。
They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。 5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。 Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在很多国家有很多人造卫星被送上了太空。 6.过去实行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。 The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。 7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。 The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。 8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have done
初中英语八大时态练习题 一般现在时1）在条件时间等状语从句中用一般现在时表将来 1.If it _____ tomorrow, I will go to school by car. A. rain B. will rain C. rains D. would rain 2.Don’t forget to ask him to write to me. -- I won’t. As soon as he ___, I’ll ask him to write to you. A. will come B. came C. comes D. is coming 2）在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，若表示客观事实真理，从句要用一般现在时。 The teacher told us that light ______ much faster than sound. A. travels B. traveled C. was D. will be 一般过去时 get-- go-- eat -- do--- cut--- say --- take-- swim-- drink-- come-- put—See-- drink--- stop-- regret-- forget-- make-- have-- hit-- 1.Li Ming didn’t understand what American people said,_____? (2004北京) A.couldn’t he B.could he C.didn’t he D.did he 2. Oh, it’s you. I’m sorry I ____know you _____ here. A. don’t; are B. didn’t; are C. didn’t; were D. don’t; were 3.Jane ___a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai. A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy 4.He turned off the light and then _______. A. leaves B. has left C. will leave D. left 一般将来时 1.There___twomeetingstomorrowafternoon. A.are going to be B.are going to have C.is going to be D.will have 2.The twins____to the cinema with their parents tonight. A.will go B.would go C.are go D.went 3.---When____we have the meeting? ---At 8. A.are B.shall C.would D.will 4.--When___you___for London? --Next week. A.will;leaving B.are;leaving C.shall;leave D.have;left 现在完成时考点1：考查基本概念。2：考查时间状语。3：考查与一般过去时的区别。4：考查非延续性动词的用法。5：考查词组have/has been to , have/has gone to与have/has been in/at的区别 1.for+时间段 2.since+时间点（过去） 3.since+一段时间+ago=for+时间段 4.since+从句（常用一般过去时） borrow--- buy-- close-- die-- begin/start---- open--- leave--
英语的16种时态 时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。 1. 一般现在时 英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。 用法：A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。
C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。） D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. （下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。） How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？） F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。 例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。）2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法：现在正在进行的动作。 3. 现在完成时(have done) 用法：A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。 例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell 答案是C) haven't sold。 B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。 例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. A) are to challenge C) have been challenged B) may be challenged D) are challenging 全句的意思是：“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物动词，在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作延续到今天，所以要用现在完成时态。可见答案是C) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging 都是主动语态，不可能是答案。B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态，但意思与全句内容不合，所以不对。 C) 表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。通常用点动词，如：arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例） 1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done） English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2．一般过去时(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。 The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。 A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done) Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。 The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 6．过去完成时(had been+done) They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。 He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。 7.含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。如： Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） 动词的主动形式表示被动之意 系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意 常见的系动词有： ①be动词
初中英语语法：被动语态 概念：英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者或发出者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。 构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成； 助动词be有人称、数及时态的变化； 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成 被动语态的否定式是在助动词后加否定词not；而疑问式是将助动词移到主语前面即可Stamps can be used for sending letters. 邮票能用来寄信。 He was asked to go to the meeting immediately. 他被要求立刻去参加这个会议。 This kind of bike is not made in Tianjin. 这种自行车不是天津制造的。 Is this kind of bike make in Tianjin? 这种自行车是在天津制造的吗？ 用法1.当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要知道时，常用被动语态。 These desks are made of wood. 这些桌子是由木头做成的。 2.当需要强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。 Dictionaries can’t be used in the English exam. 词典不能在英语测试中使用。 3.为了使语气婉转、避免提到自己或对方、或由于修饰的需要而使用被动语态。 The homework must be handed in next Monday. 作业必须下周一交上。
被动语态的转换步骤：当主动语态变为被动语态时，通常要经过四步： 1.先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其谓语动词。 2.把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变成被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词时，应把宾格 变为主格 3.把主动句中的谓语动词变为“be+及物动词的过去分词”，但时态不能改变。 4.把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执 行者时可略去“by+宾语”），若主语是人称代词时，应把主格变成宾格。 We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 主动语态变被动语态应注意：1.时态要一致。 I wrote a letter to my pen pal yesterday. (一般过去时) A letter was written to my pen pal yesterday (by me). They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 2.含双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动结构变为被动结构时，可将其中一个宾语变 为主语，另一个不变；如果将主动结构的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，这时一般要加个介词to或for。My parents gave me a watch. I was given a watch by my parents. A watch was given to me by my parents. His father bought him a computer last week. 3.在主动语态中，使役动词如make，let，have或感官动词如hear，watch，see后跟 不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态里必须带to。 My parents often made me babysit my little sister .
初中英语八大基本时态详解 时态无疑是初中英语最重要的语法内容，学好时态基本就拿下了语法的半壁江山。今天老师加油总结的八种时态是大家在初中阶段必学必考的，期中复习时一定要加倍重视哦！ 英语八大时态表： 1 一般现在时 标志：动词原形 1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作，常与表频度的时间状语连用： She often speaks English. I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2. 表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等： He seems to feel a bit down today. He works as a driver.
3. 表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中： Shanghai lies in the east of China. Columbus proved that the earth is round. Where there is a will, there is a way. 4. 表示现在瞬间的动作： Here comes the bus! 5. 表示将来1) 表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词），可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。如： The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon. How often does the shuttle bus run? 2) 在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情：When Bill comes (不用will come), ask him to wait for me. I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy. 2 一般过去时标志：动词过去式
一般现在时：V（含单三） 被动：be P.P = be P.P ●一般过去时及其被动语态 一般过去时：V-ed 被动; be P.P = was/were P.P ●一般将来时及其被动语态 一般将来时：will/shall Vr 被动：be P.P = will/shall be P.P ●现在进行时及其被动语态 现在：V 进行：be V-ing 现在进行时：be V-ing 被动：be P.P = be being P.P
现在：V 完成时：have/has P.P 现在完成时：have/has P.P 被动：be P.P = have/has been P.P ●现在完成进行时及其被动语态 现在：V 完成：have/has P.P 进行：be V-ing 现在完成进行时：have/has been V-ing 被动：be P.P = have/has been being P.P ●过去进行时及其被动语态 过去：V-ed 进行：be V-ing 过去进行时：was/were V-ing 被动：be P.P = was/were being P.P
过去：V-ed 完成：have/has P.P 过去完成时：had P.P 被动：be P.P = had been P.P ●过去完成进行时及其被动语态 过去：V-ed 完成：have/has P.P 进行：be V-ing 过去完成进行时：had been V-ing 被动：be P.P = had been being P.P ●将来进行时及其被动语态 将来：will/shall Vr 进行：be V-ing 将来进行时：will/shall be V-ing 被动：be P.P = will/shall be being P.P
被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者。在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。因此,在总复习阶段,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。下面就来介绍被动语态复习的"三步曲",来帮助大家掌握这个语法项目。 第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构 被动语态由"助动词+及物动词的过去分词"构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下: 8种常用时态的被动语态 由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。 (1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词。如： Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。 (2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。如： The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。 (3) 现在进行时：am/is/are being +过去分词。如： The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。 (4) 过去进行时：was/were being +过去分词。如： This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。 (5) 一般将来时：will be +过去分词。如： The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。 (6) 过去将来时：would be +过去分词。如： The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。 (7) 现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词。如： This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。 (8) 过去完在时：had been +过去分词。如： When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。 （9）含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如: Y our homework must be handed in today. 第二曲:掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法 把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; 2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式; 3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略。请看示范: 主动语态:My brother repaired that bike yesterday. 主语谓语动词宾语其余部分 被动语态:That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday. 主语谓语动词by+宾语其余部分 在中考题中,对于主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查,主要在句型转换题目中出现。只要能够按照上面介绍的方法去做,一般是能够做对的。 第三曲:注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型 1.含有短语动词的被动语态 一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,后面也可加宾语。在变被动语态时,注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词,
英语语法被动语态归纳总结 一、单项选择被动语态 Don't worry. The hard work that you do now _____ later in life.1．was being repaidBAwill be repaid ．．was repaidDChas been repaid ．．A【答案】【解析】later in life意为在以后的生活试题解析：考查时态辨析。根据句子末尾出现的时间状语that you do nownow在句中，可以判断为将来时态，此处要注意的是不要被前文的混淆，the hard work的定语成分，与句子时态无关。故此处为将来时态。句意：不要担中充当A。心，你现在付出的努力在以后一定会有所回报。故选考点：考查时态辨析。 2 A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the ．bird flu virus.had been confirmedconfirmed BA．．have confirmedDCwas confirmed ．．C【答案】【解析】2014H7N9年，当时，一名女性被确诊感病毒的报告发生在试题分析：句意：一例人感染was reported in 2014Confirm可知，是过去的事情，先行染了禽流感。证实，确认，根据confirmwoman2014BD是动宾关系，即她、与词是，定语从句也用一般过去时，排除；C。是被确诊的，故选考点：考查时态与被动语态 3()The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of 江苏四校第四次考试．the missing________shortly.have been publishedBAwill be published ．．are publishedChad been published D．．A【答案】【解析】shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来考查时态。时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。A答案： The affairs of each country should be by its own people.4．settledAelected B．．containedCdeveloped D．．B【答案】． settle，【解析】考查动词。句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。由句意可知，选Bcontain electdevelop “”。选举；。意为包含，控制。故选解决发展； Will Uncle Peterson come to my birthday party tomorrow?—5．Pity he ______ to Zimbabwe as a volunteer teacher.—has been sentwas sent BA．．would be senthad been sent DC．．B【答案】——Peterson——很【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：叔叔明天会来参加我的生日聚会吗？ZimbabweUncle Peterson被派到去做志愿教师了。由语境可知，可惜他已经被派到Zimbabwe这是发生在过去的事情，这个动作对现在产生了影响，故该空应用现在完成时Bhesend选项正确。和之间是被动关系，故该句要用被动语态。综上，态。且主语 6The singer's music video nearly 9 million times since it was posted on the Internet four ．weeks ago.has viewedBAviewed ．．has been viewedCwas viewed D．．D【答案】【解析】B. was viewedA. viewed过去式的被试题分析：考查动词时态与语态辨析。，一般过去式；D. has been viewedC. has viewed，现在完成式的被动语态。句意：，现在完成式；动语态；9百自从四个星期前这位歌手的音乐视频被放在互联网上，这个视频的访问量达到了将近music videosincehas done 是被从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时万次。形式，又因D。访问的，故要用被动语态。故选考点：考查动词时态与语态辨析。 7Later Mrs Smith decided to buy that kind of cloth because she_________ that the cloth ．_________very well.had been told; washedBAhas been told; washes ．．had been told; was washedDCwas told; was washed ．．B【答案】【解析】考查时态与感官动词。主句时态为过去时，而从句时态发生在主句之前，即过去的过去，feel, smell, look, wash等表示感官的动词不用被动语态，直接用主动语故用过去完成时。像: washed随后史密斯夫人决定买那种布，因为有人告态，结合前面时态可知，应选。句意B。诉她那种布很好洗。故选
英语八大时态总结 一、一般现在时： 基本结构：①动词原形②主语三单：动词原形 +s/es 三种常考基本用法：1、经常性和习惯性动作 Eg. I always get up early. 2、客观事实和普遍真理 Eg. The earth goes around the sun. 3、在时间状语从句及条件状语从句中，一般现 在表将来 If it doesn't rain, we will have a picnic. 其中，第三种用法就是学生们熟知的"主将从现"的原则，这一点大家务必掌握，此知识点会在初二，同时也是中考重要考点。 常见时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, on Sundays, at weekends, once a week, twice a month, etc. 二、一般过去时： 基本结构：动词的过去式
基本用法： 1、过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态 Eg. I got up late yesterday. 2、过去习惯性、经常性的动作 Eg. When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river. 常见时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month…), in 1986, just now, at the age of 10, at that time, once upon a time, etc. 三、一般将来时： 基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do. 基本用法： am/is/are/going to + do 1、(人)计划打算做某事 Eg. I'm going to go shopping with my mom tomorrow. 2、(事)即将发生 Eg. Look at the clouds, it's going to rain.
时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语时态分为16种： 一. 一般现在时用法： A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。B) 习惯用语。C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. （下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。） How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？） F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sund ays, etc. 基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词 否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二. 一般过去时用法： A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。 B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的就
动词的时态 在英语中,由于谓语动作发生的时间不同,或表达不同时间存在的状态,谓语动词都要发生相应的变化.这些动词的形式就叫做动词的时态. 英语动词的时态共有16种,列表如下:(以动词write 为例) 被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be 加过去分词构成,时态通过be 表现出来.构成被动语态的一般疑问句时,须将第一个助动词移至主语之前,构成被动语态的否定句时,助动词后须加not. 各个时态的被动形式列表如下:(以动词teach 为例) 英语被动语态讲解 语态的基本概念和种类 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 如：They built the bridge. 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 write writes am is writing are has written have has been writing have 过去 wrote was writting were had written had been writing 将来 shall write will shall be writing will shall have written will shall have been writing will 过去将来 should write would should be writing would should have written would should have been writing would 一般 进行 完成 现在 am is taught are am is being taught are has been taught have 过去 was taught were was being taught were had been taught 将来 shall be taught will 过去将来 should be taught would
语法专题复习：动词的被动语态( Passive Voice ) 【Teaching goals】 1.了解五大时态的被动语态结构并掌握其用法。 2.掌握被动语态中特殊的一些表达形式。 3.学会总结所接触语言材料中的规律。 【Teaching Important Points】 了解英语各时态的被动语态及一些特殊表达形式。 【使用说明】 课前认真阅读复习指导用书相关内容并完成自主学习部分的练习。 【自主学习】 Task 1 英语动词分为两种语态：主动语态( active voice)和被动语态( passive voice )。______________表示主语是动作的执行者；___________________表示主语是动作的承受者。 Tell whether the following sentences use active voice or passive voice. 1. English is spoken by many people. ( ) 2. Children often sing the song together. ( ) 3. They will take their daughter to hospital tomorrow. ( ) 4. Our classroom must be cleaned every day. ( ) 5. He was laughed at by all the people. ( ) 6. I borrowed this book from the library last week. ( ) Task 2 被动语态由________________________构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。以write 为例说明被动语态在以下时态中的构成：