1通类
铁道，又称铁路railway, railroad
铁路线railway line, railroad line
铁路网railway network, railroad network
铁道科学railway science
铁路技术railway technology
铁路等级railway classification
国有铁路national railway, state railway
地方铁路local railway, regional railway
私有铁路private railway
合资铁路joint investment railway, jointly owned railway
准轨铁路standard-gage railway
窄轨铁路narrow-gage railway
米轨铁路meter-gage railway
宽轨铁路broad-gage railway
单线铁路single track railway
双线铁路double track railway
多线铁路multiple track railway
重载铁路heavy haul railway
高速铁路high speed railway
电气化铁路，又称‘电力铁道’electrified railway, electric railway
干线铁路main line railway, trunk railway
市郊铁路suburban railway
地下铁道，简称地铁subway, metro, underground railway
工业企业铁路industry railway
矿山铁路mine railway
轻轨铁路light railway, light rail
高架铁路elevated railway
单轨铁路，又称‘独轨铁路’monorail, monorail railway
磁浮铁路magnetic levitation railway, maglev
森林铁路forest railway
山区铁路mountain railway
即有铁路existing railway
新建铁路newly-built railway
改建铁路reconstructed railway
运营铁路railway in operation, operating railway
专用铁路special purpose railway
干线trunk line, main line
支线branch line
铁路专用线railway special line
货运专线railway line for freight traffic, freight special line, freight trffic only line
客运专线railway line for passenger traffic, passenger special line, passenger traffic only line
客货运混合线路railway line for mixed passenger and freight traffic
铁路运营长度，又称‘运营里程’operating length of railway, operating distance, revenue length
列车运行图train diagram
铁路建筑长度construction length of railway
区间section
区段district
轨距rail gage, rail gauge
轮重wheel load
轴重axle load
最大轴重maximum allowable axle load
限制轴重axle load limited
限界clearance, gauge
限界图clearance diagram
铁路建筑限界railway construction clearance, structure clearance for railway, railway structure gauge
基本建筑限界fundamental construction clearance, fundamental structure gauge
桥梁建筑限界bridge construction clearance, bridge structure gauge
隧道建筑限界tunnel construction clearance, tunnel structure gauge
铁路机车车辆限界rolling stock clearance (for railway), vehicle gauge
机车车辆上部限界clearance limit for upper part of rolling stock
机车车辆下部限界clearance limit for lower part of rolling stock
装载限界loading clearance limit, loading gauge
阔大货物限界clearance limit for freight with exceptional dimension, limit for oversize commodities
接触网限界clearance limit for overhead contact wire, clearance limit for overhed catenary system, overhead catenary system gauge 列车与线路相互作用track-train interaction
轮轨关系wheel-rail relation, wheel- rail interaction
粘着系数adhesion coefficient
车轮滑行wheel sliding, wheel skid
车轮空转wheel slipping
牵引种类kinds of traction, category of traction
牵引方式mode of traction
牵引定数tonnage rating, tonnage of traction
装载系数loading coefficient
速度speed
持续速度continuous speed
限制速度limited speed, speed restriction
均衡速度balancing speed
构造速度construction speed, design speed
最高速度maximum speed
临界速度critical speed
重载列车heavy haul train
高速列车high speed train
超长超重列车exceptionally long and heavy train
列车正面冲突train collision
列车尾追train tail collision
列车尾部防护train rear end protection
伸缩运动fore and aft motion
蛇行运动hunting, nosing
列车压缩train running in
列车拉伸train running out
列车分离train separation
列车颠覆train overturning
列车动力学train dynamics
列车空气动力学train aerodynamics
机车车辆振动vibration of rolling stock
纵向振动longitudinal vibration
横向振动lateral vibration
垂向振动vertical vibration
摆滚振动rock-roll vibration
浮沉振动bouncing (vibration)
侧滚振动rolling (vibration)
侧摆振动swaying (vibration)
点头振动pitching (vibration), nodding (vibration)
摇头振动yawing (vibration), hunting (vibration)
机车车辆共振resonance of rolling stock
机车车辆冲击impact of rolling stock
纵向冲击longitudinal impact
横向冲击lateral impact
垂向冲击vertical impact
货运站综合作业自动化automation of sythetic operations at freight station
行车指挥自动化automation of traffic control
编组场综合作业自动化automation of synthetic operations in marshalling yard
铁路运营信息系统railway operation information system
铁路数据交换系统railway data exchange system
运营系统模拟simulation of operation system
铁路法Railway Law
铁道法规railway act
铁路条例railway code
铁路技术管理规程regulations of railway technical operation
综合运输comprehensive transport, multi-mode transport, intermode transport
国际铁路联运international railway thtough traffic
大陆桥，又称“洲际铁路”transcontinental railway, intercontinental railway, land railway
国际联运协定agreement of international through traffic
国际联运议定书protocol of international trough traffic
国际铁路联运公约convention of international railway through traffic
2铁道工程建设
2.1铁路新线建设
铁路新线建设newly-built railway construction
铁路技术改造technical reform of railway, technical renovation of railway, betterment and improvement of railway 铁路主要技术条件main technical standard of railway, main technical requirement of railway
单位工程 unit project
分部工程part project
分项工程item project
预可行性研究pre-feasibility study
项目建议书proposed task of project
可行性研究feasibility study
设计阶段design phase, design stage
三阶段设计three-step design, three-phase design
两阶段设计two-step design, two-phase design
一阶段设计one-step design, one-phase design
初步设计preliminary design
技术设计technical design
扩大初步设计enlarged preliminary design, expanded preliminary design
施工图设计construction detail design, working-drawing design
变更设计altered design
设计概算approximate estimate of design, budgetary estimate of design
个别概算individual approximate eatimate
综合概算comprehensive approximate estimate
总概算sum of approximate estimate，total estimate, summary estimate
修正总概算amended sum of approximate estimate，revised general estimate
调整总概算adjusted sum of approximate estimate
投资检算checking of investment
预算定额rating of budget, rating form for budget
投资估算investment estimate
估算指标index of estimate
机械台班定额rating per machine per team，rating per machine-team
工程直接费direct expense of project，direct cost of project
工程间接费indirect expense of project，indirect cost of project
工程预备费reserve fund of project
设计鉴定certifacation of design, appraisal of design
竣工决算final accounts of completed project
铁路用地right-of-way
铁路勘测railway reconnaissance
调查测绘survey and drawing of investigation，investigation survey，investigation surveying and sketching 地形调查topographic survey
地貌调查topographic feature survey，geomorphologic survey
地质调查geologic survey
经济调查economic investigation，economic survey
水文地质调查hydrogeologic survey
土石成分调查survey of soi1 and rock composition
土石物理力学性质physicaland mechanical properties of soil，and rock
土石分类classification of soil and rock
地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation，bearing capacity of ground，bearing capacity of subgrade 隧道围岩分级classification of tunnel surrounding rock
地质图测绘survey and drawing of geological map，surveying and sketching of geological map
勘探exploration prospecting
挖探excavation prospecting
钻探boring(prospecting), exploration drilling
物探geophysical prospecting
室内测试indoor test，laboratory test
原位测试in situ test
静力触探static sounding，static probing, cone penetration test
动力触探试验dynamic penetration test
标准贯入试验standard penetration test
区域地质regional geology
工程地质engineering geology
不良地质unfavorable geology
特殊地质special geology
工程地质条件engineering geologic requirement，engineering geologic condition
气象资料meteorological data
冻结深度freezing depth
地震基本烈度basic intensity of earthquake, seismic basic intensity
工程地质图 engineering geological map
地层柱状图column diagram of stratum,graphic logs of strata, drill log of stratum
洪水调查flood survey
河道调查river course survey
冰凌调查ice floe survey, frazil ice survey
汇水区流域特征调查survey of catchment basin characteristics
水文断面hydrologic sectional drawing, hydrologic section, hydrologic cross-section
主河槽main river channel
设计流速design current velocity
设计高程，又称“设计标高” design elevation
河流比降slope of river, comparable horizon of river
历史洪水位historic flood level
最高水位highest water level, HWL
通航水位navigation water level, NWL
桥涵水文hydrology of bridge and culvert
水力半径hydraulic radius
桥前壅水高度backwater height in front of bridge, top water level in front of bridge
桥渡勘测设计survey and design of bridge crossing
水面坡度slope of water surface
水文测量hydrological survey
泥石流流域catchment basin of debris flow
分水岭watershed, dividing ridge
汇水面积catchment area, water collecting area, drainage area.
洪水频率flood frequency
设计流量design discharge
设计水位design water level
施工水位construction level, construction water level, working water level
设计洪水过程线designed flood hydrograph
容许冲刷allowable scour
一般冲刷general scour
局部冲刷local scour, partial scour
2.2铁路勘测
铁路测量railway survey
线路踏勘，又称“草测”route reconnaissance
初测preliminary survey
定测location survey, alignment, final location survey
导线测量traversing, traverse survey
光电导线photoelectric traverse
地形测量topographical survey
横断面测量cross leveling, cross-section survey, cross-section leverling
线路测量route survey, profile survey, longitudinal survey
既有线测量，又称“旧线测量”survey of existing railway
线路复测repetition survey of existing railway, resurvey of existing railway
测量精度survey precision, precision of survey
均方[误]差，又称“中误差”mean square error
最大误差，又称“极限误差”maximum error, limiting error
中线测量center line survey
中线桩center line stake
加桩additional stake, plus stake
外移桩shift out stake, stake outward, offset stake
水准点高程测量，又称“基平”benchmark leveling
中桩高程测量，又称“中平”center stake leveling
曲线控制点curve control point
放线setting-out of route, lay out of route
交点intersection point
副交点auxiliary intersection point
转向角deflection angle
分转向角auxiliary deflection angle
坐标方位角plane-coordinate azimuth
象限角quadrantal angle
经纬距plane rectangular coordinate
断链broken chain
投影断链projection of broken chain
断高broken height
铁路航空摄影测量，简称“铁路航测”railway aerial photogrammetry
铁路航空勘测railway aerial surveying
航带设计flight strip design, design of flight strip
铁路工程地质遥感remote sensing of railway engineering geology
测段segment of survey
航测选线aerial surveying alignment
航测外控点field control point of aerophotogrammetry
全球定位系统global positioning system, GPS
编辑复照图，又称“像片索引图”index of photography
三角测量trigonometric survey, triangulation
精密导线测量precise traverse survey, accurate survey
三角高程测量trigonometric leveling
隧道洞外控制测量outside tunnel control survey
隧道洞内控制测量，又称“贯通测量”intunnel control survey, through survey
隧道洞口投点horizontal point of tunnel portal, geodetic control point of portal location of adit
桥轴线测量suryey of bridge axis
2.3铁路选线
铁路选线railway location, approximate railway location,location of railway route selection
平原地区选线location in plain region, plain location
越岭选线location of mountain line, location of line in mountain region, location over mountain
山区河谷选线mountain and valley region location, location of line in mountain and valley region
丘陵地段选线hilly land location, location of line on hilly land
工程地质选线engineering geologic location of line
线间距[离]distance between centers of tracks, midway between tracks
车站分布distribution of stations
方案比选scheme comparison, route alternative
投资回收期repayment period of capital cost
纸上定线paper location of line
缓坡地段section of easy grade, section of gentle slope
紧坡地段section of sufficient grade
非紧坡地段section of unsufficient grade, section of inficient grade
导向线leading line, alignment guiding line
拔起高度，又称“克服高度”height of lifting, lifting height, ascent of elevation
横断面选线cross-section method of railway location, location with cross-section method, cross-section method for location of line 展线extension of line, development of line, line development
展线系数coefficient of extension line, coefficient of developed line
套线overlapping line
线路平面图track plan, line plan
线路纵断面图track profile, line profile
站坪长度length of station site
站坪坡度grade of station site
控制区间control section, controlling section
最小曲线半径minimum radius of curve
圆曲线circular curve
单曲线simple curve
缓和曲线transition curve, easement curve, spiral transition curve
缓和曲线半径变更率rate of easement curvature, rate of transition curve
复曲线compound curve
同向曲线curves of same sense，adjacent curves in one direction
反向曲线reverse curve, curve of opposite sense
夹直线intermediate straight line, tangent between curves
坡度grade, gradient, slope
人字坡double spur grade
限制坡度ruling grade, limiting grade
加力牵引坡度pusher grade, assisting grade
最大坡度maximum grade
临界坡度critical grade
长大坡道long steep grade, long heavy grade
动力坡度momentum grade
均衡坡度balanced grade
有害地段harmful district
无害地段harmless district
变坡点point of gradient change, break in grade
坡段grade section
坡段长度length of grade section
坡度[代数]差algebraic difference between adjacent gradients
竖曲线vertical curve
分坡平段level stretch between opposite sign gradient
缓和坡度slight grade, flat grade, easy grade
起动缓坡flat gradient for starting
加速缓坡easy gradient for acceleration, accelerating grade
坡度折减 compensation of gradient, gradient compensation, grade compensation
曲线折减compensation of curve, curve compensation
隧道坡度折减compensation of gradient in tunnel, compensation grade in tunnel
绕行地段detouring section, round section
换侧，又称“换边”change side of double line
容许应力设计法allowable stress design method
破损阶段设计法plastic stage design method
极限状态设计法limit state design method
概率极限状态设计法，又称“可靠度设计法”probabilistic limit state design method
地震系数法seismic coefficient method
2.4路基工程
路基subgrade, road bed, formation subgrade
岩石路基rock subgrade
渗水土路基permeable soil subgrade, pervious embankment
非渗水土路基non-permeable soil subgrade, impervious embankment
特殊土路基subgrade of special soil
软土地基路基subgrade in soft soil zone, subgrade in soft, clay region
泥沼地区路基subgrade in bog [soil] zone, subgrade in morass region, subgrade in swampland
膨胀土地区路基subgrade in swelling soil zone, subgrade in expansive soil region
盐渍土地区路基subgrade in salty soil zone, subgrade in saline soil region
多年冻土路基subgrade in permafrost soil zone
特殊条件下的路基subgrade under special condition
河滩路基embankment on plain river beach
滨河路基embankment on river bank
水库路基subgrade in reservoir, embankment crossing reservoir
崩塌地段路基subgrade in rock fall district, subgrade in collapse zone
盐堆地段路基subgrade in rock deposit zone, subgrade in talus zone, subgrade in scree zone
滑坡地段路基subgrade in slide
岩溶地段路基，又称“客斯特地段路基”subgrade in karst zone
洞穴地段路基subgrade in cavity zone, subgrade in cavern zone
风沙地段路基subgrade in windy and sandy zone, subgrade in desert
雪害地段路基subgrade in snow damage zone, subgrade in snow disaster zone
泥石流地段路基subgrade in debris flow zone
路基横断面subgrade cross-section
路基面subgrade surface, formation
路基面宽度width of the subgrade surface, formation width
路拱road crown, (subgrade) crown
路肩(road) shoulder, subgrade shoulder
路肩高程formation level, shoulder level
路堤embankment, fill
路堑cut, road cutting
半堤半堑part-cut and part-fill section, cut and fill section
基床subgrade bed, formation
基床表层surface layer of subgrade bed, formation top layer,surface layer of subgrade
基床底层bottom layer of subgrade, formation base layer, bottom layer of subgrade bed
一般路基general subgrade,ordinary subgrade
最小填筑高度minimum fill height of subgrade, minimum height of fill
临界高度critical height
基底foundation base, base
路堤边坡side slope of embankment, fill slope
坡脚toe of side slope
护道berm
取土坑borrow pit
路堤填料embankment fill material, embankment filler, filling material of embankment
填料分类classification of filling material
岩块填料rock block filler, rock filler, rock fill
粗粒土填料coarse-grained soil filler, coarse-grained soil fill
细粒土填料fine-grained soil filler, fine-grained soil fill
压实标准compacting criteria
相对密度relative density
压实系数compacting factor, compacting coefficient
最佳含水量opttmum moisture content, best moisture content
最佳密度optimum density, best
核子密度湿度测定determination of nuclear density-moisture
路基承载板测定determination of bearing slab of subgrade, bearing slab method for subgrade testing, bearing plate test on subgrade 预留沉落量reserve settlement, settlement allowance
反压护道berm with superloading, berm for back pressure, counter swelling berm
石灰砂桩lime sand pile
换土change soil, soil replacement
爆破排淤blasting discharging sedimentation, silt arresting by explosion, discharge of sedimentation by blasting
抛石排淤throwing stones to packing sedimentation, packing up sedimentation by dumping stones
路堑石方爆破rock cutting blasting,rock blasting in cut
定向爆破directional blasting
浅孔爆破shallow hole blasting
深孔爆破deep hole blasting
洞室药包爆破chamber explosive package blasting, chamher blasting
扬弃爆破abandoned blasting, abandonment blasting
抛掷爆破pin-point blasting
松动爆破blasting for loosening rock
药壶爆破pot hole blasting
裸露药包爆破adobe blasting, contact blasting
路堑边坡cutting slope, side slope of cut
堑顶top of cutting slope, top of cutting
路堑平台platform of cutting, berm in cutting
弃土堆waste bank, bankette, spoil bank
挡土墙retaining wall
重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall
衡重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall, gravity retaining wall with relieving platform, balanced type retaining wall
锚定板挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods, anchored bulkhead retaining wall, anchored plate retaining wall
加筋土挡土墙reinforced earth retaining wall, reinforced soil retaining wall
锚杆挡墙anchored bolt retaining wall, anchored retaining wall by tie rods
管柱挡墙cylindrical shaft retaining wall
沉井挡墙caisson retaining wall
抗滑桩anti-slide pile, counter-sliding pile
护墙guard wall
护坡slope protection, revetment, pitching
排水沟weep drain, drainage ditch, drain ditch
边沟，又称“侧沟”side ditch
天沟gutter, overhead ditch, intercepting ditch
吊沟suspended ditch
跌水hydraulic drop
截水沟intercepting ditch, catch-drain
急流槽chute
排水槽drainage channel
渗水暗沟blind drain
渗水隧洞leak tunnel, permeable tennel, drainage tunnel
渗井leaching well,seepage well
渗管leaky pipe
平孔排水horizontal hole drainage
反滤层reverse filtration layer, inverted filter, protective filter
检查井inspection well, manhole
沙井，又称“排水砂井”sand drain
隔断层insulating course, insulating layer
透水路堤pervious embankment, permeable embankment
渗水路堤immerseable embankment
排水沙垫层sand filled drainage layer, drainage sand blanket
坡面防护slope protection
护岸revetment, shore protection
导流堤diversion dike
拦石墙stone cut off wall, stone falling wall, buttress wall for intercepting falling rocks
落石槽stone falling channel, trough for catching falling rocks
柴排firewood raft, mattress, willow fascine
固沙造林stabilization for sands by afforestation
挡风墙wind-break wall
防风栅栏wind break fence
砂土液化sand liquefaction
中-活载CR-live loading, China railway standard live loading
桥梁标准活载standard live load for bridge
桥梁荷载谱bridge load spectrum
换算均布活载equivalent uniform live load
设计荷载design load
恒载dead load
土压力earth pressure
静水压力hydrostatic pressure
浮力buoyancy
列车活载llve load of train
列车离心力centrifugal force of train
列车冲击力，又称“冲击荷载”impact force of train
冲击系数coefficient of impact
人行道荷载sidewalk loading
附加力subsidiary load, secondary load
列车制动力braking force of train
列车牵引力tractive force of train
风（荷）载wind load
列车横向摇摆力lateral swaying force of train
流水压力pressure of water flow
冰压力ice pressure
冻胀力frost heaving force
特殊荷载particular load
船只或排筏的撞击力collision force of ship or raft
地震力seismic force
地震烈度earthquake intensity
地震震级earthquake magnitude
施工荷载constructional loading
荷载组合loading combination
2.5桥涵工程
铁路桥railway bridge
公铁两用桥combined bridge, combined highway and railway bridge, combined rail-cum-road bridge 跨线桥，又称“立交桥”overpass bridge, grade separation bridge, flyover
高架桥viaduct
旱桥dry bridge
人行桥foot bridge, pedestrian bridge
坞工桥masonry bridge
钢桥steel bridge
铆接钢桥riveted steel bridg~
栓接钢桥bolted and welded steel bridge
全焊钢桥all welded steel bridge
摩擦结合式高强度螺栓high strength friction grip bolt
扭剪式高强度螺栓torshear type high strength bolt
螺栓示工扳手bolt wrench with indicator
混凝土桥concrete bridge
钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge
预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge
先张法预应力梁pretensioned prestressed concrete girder
后张法预应力梁post-tensioned prestressed concrete girder
部分预应力混凝土桥partially prestressed concrete bridge
结合梁桥composite beam bridge
低高度梁shallow girder
无碴无枕梁girder without ballast and sleeper
型钢混凝土梁，又称“劲性骨架混凝土梁”girder with rolled steel section encased in concrete, skeleton reinforced concrete girder 简支梁桥simply supported beam bridge
连续梁桥continuous beam bridge
悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge
板桥slab bridge
空心板桥hollow slab bridge
板梁plate girder
工形梁I-beam
箱形梁box girder
槽形梁trough girder
桁架truss
拆装式桁架demountable truss
钢架桥，又称“刚构桥”rigid frame bridge
斜腿刚架桥，又称“斜腿刚构桥”strutted beam bridge, slant-legged rigid frame bridge
悬板桥，又称“悬带桥”stressed ribbon bridge
悬索桥，又称“吊桥”suspension bridge
斜拉桥，又称“斜张桥”cable-stayed bridge
浮桥pontoon bridge, floating bridge, bateau bridge
拱桥arch bridge
固端拱，又称“无铰拱”fixed-end arch
双铰拱two-hinged arch
三铰拱three-hinged arch
实腹拱spandrel-filled arch, solid-spandrel arch
空腹拱open-spandrel arch
双曲拱two-way curved arch, cross-curved arch
系杆拱，又称“刚性系杆柔性拱桥”tied arch
朗格尔式桥，又称“刚性系杆柔性拱桥”Langer bridge, flexible arch bridge with rigid tie
洛泽式桥,又称“直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥”Lohse bridge, rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and vertical suspenders
尼尔森体系桥Nielsen system bridge
Nielsen type Lohse bridge, rigid arch bridge with rigid tie and inclined suspenders 尼尔森式洛泽梁桥,又称“直悬杆式刚性拱刚性梁桥”
活动桥movable bridge
竖旋桥bascule bridge
平旋桥swing bridge
升降桥lift bridge
正交桥right bridge
斜交桥skew bridge
曲线桥curved bridge
曲梁curved beam
特大桥super major bridge
大桥major bridge
中桥medium bridge
小桥minor bridge
单线桥single track bridge
双线桥double track bridge
多线桥muti-track bridge
正桥，又称“主桥”main bridge
引桥approach bridge
上承式桥deck bridge
半穿式桥，又称“中承式桥”half through bridge, midheight deck bridge
下承式桥through bridge
双层桥double-deck bridge
永久性桥permanent bridge
临时性桥，又称“便桥”temporary bridge
跨径，又称“跨度”span
净跨clear span
桥梁全长overall length of bridge
桥下净空underneath clearance
主梁中心距center to center distance between main girder
节间长度panel length
梁高depth of girder
拱度camber
挠度deflection
节间panel
锚跨，又称“锚孔”anchor span
悬跨，又称“吊孔”suspended span
桥梁上部结构superstructure
腹板web plate
翼缘flange
翼缘板flange plate
弦杆chord member
腹杆web member
斜杆diagonal member
竖杆vertical member
吊杆suspender, hanger
加劲杆stiffener
节点panel point
节点板gusset plate
拼接板splice plate
缀条lacing bar
缀板stay plate, tie plate
侧向水平联结系lateral bracing
横联sway bracing
制动撑架braking bracing
桥门架portal frame
纵梁stringer
横梁floor beam, transverse beam
桥面系floor system
端横梁end floor beam
起重横梁jacking floor beam
梁端缓冲梁auxiliary girder for controlling angle change
应变时效strain ageing
碳当量carbon equivalent
钢丝steel wire
钢丝束bundled steel wires
钢绞线steel strand
钢筋reinforcement, steel bar
箍筋stirrup
纵向钢筋longitudinal reinforcement
弯起钢筋bent-up bar
架立钢筋erection bar
构造钢筋constructional reinforcement
预应力筋tendon
套管sheath
梁腋haunch
[桥涵]拱圈arch ring
拱肋arch rib
拱顶arch crown
拱矢rise of arch
起拱点springing
拱腹soffit
拱腹线intrados
拱背线extrados
桥塔bridge tower, pylon
索平面cable plane
缆索cable
斜缆stay cable, inclined cable
吊缆suspension cable
索鞍cable saddle
索夹cable band, cable clamp
锚座socket
锚碇anchorage
明桥面open deck, ballastless deck, open floor
桥梁道碴槽ballast trough
道碴桥面ballast deck, ballast floor
桥梁护轨guard rail of bridge
桥梁护木guard timber of bridge
桥枕bridge tie, bridge sleeper
桥上人行道sidewalk on bridge
步行板foot plank
避车台refuge platform
伸缩缝expansion joint
正交异性板orthotropic plate
栏杆railing, handrail, handrailing
泄水孔drainage opening
直结轨道track fastened directly to steel girders
抗剪连接件，又称“抗剪结合件”shear connector
支座bearing
固定支座fixed bearing
活动支座expansion bearing, movable bearing
平板支座plate bearing
摇轴支座rocker bearing
滚轴支座roller beating
球面支座Spherical bearing
板式橡胶支座laminated rubber bearing
盆式橡胶支座pot rubber bearing
聚四氟乙烯支座poly-tetrafluoroethylene bearing, PTFE bearing
涡流激振vortex-excited oscillation
驰振galloping
颤振flutter
扰流板spoiler
风嘴wind fairing
桥梁自振周期natural vibration period of bridge
浮运架桥法bridge erection by floating
架桥机架设法erection by bridge girder erecting equipment
顶推式架设法erection by incremental launching
拖拉架设法launching method
膺架式架设法erection with scaffolding
悬臂架设法cantilever erection, erection by protrusion
悬臂灌注法cast-in-place cantilever construction, free cantilever segmental concreting with suspended formwork 悬臂拼装法cantilevered assembling construction, free cantilever erection with segments of precast concrete
预制混凝土构件precast concrete units, precast concrete members
活动模架逐跨施工法segmental span-by-span construction using form traveller
桥梁合龙closure
就地灌筑法cast-in-place method, cast-in-situ method
活动吊篮travelling cradle
顶进法jack-in method
旋转法施工，又称“转体施工”erection by swing method
液压式张拉千斤顶hydraulic tensioning jack
桥梁下部结构substructure
桥台abutment
重力式桥台gravity abutment
埋置式桥台buried abutment
锚定板式桥台anchor slab abutment
U形桥台U-shaped abutment
耳墙式桥台abutment with cantilevered retaining wall
台身abutment body
前墙front wall
台帽abutment coping
翼墙wing wall
锥体护坡quadrant revetment, truncated cone banking
台后填方filling behind abutment
桥墩pier
空心桥墩hollow pier
实体桥墩solid pier
重力式桥墩gravity pier
柔性[桥]墩flexible pier
拼装式桥墩assembly pier, pier constructed with precast units
制动墩braking pier
柱式桥墩column pier
V型桥墩V-shaped pier
圆端形桥墩round-ended pier
圆形桥墩circular pier
矩形桥墩rectangular pier
排架式桥墩pile bent pier
墩身pier body, pier shaft
墩帽pier coping
围栏railing around coping of pier or abutment
承台bearing platform
破冰体ice apron, ice-breaking cutwater, ice guard
地基foundation, foundation soil, subgrade
加固地基improved foundation, improved ground
天然地基natural foundation, natural ground
桥梁基础bridge foundation
扩大基础spread foundation
明挖基础open-cut foundation,open excavation foundation
沉井基础open caisson foundation
浮式沉井基础floating caisson foundation
沉井刃脚cutting edge of open caisson
围堰cofferdam
双壁钢围堰钻孔基础double wall steel cofferdam bored foundation
预制钢壳钻孔基础prefabricated steel shell bored foundation
泥浆套沉井法slurry jacket method for sinking caisson
空气幕沉井法air curtain method for sinking caisson
沉箱基础pneumatic caisson foundation
管柱基础tubular column foundation
柱基础pile foundation
预制桩precast pile
就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile, cast-in-sku concrete pile 螺旋喷射桩auger injected pile
摩擦桩friction pile
支承桩bearing pile
钻孔桩bored pile
挖孔桩dug pile
钢桩steel pile
钢管桩steel pipe pile
钢板桩steel sheet pile
板桩sheet pile
木桩timber pile
钢筋混凝土桩reinforced concrete pile
砂桩sand pile
挤密砂桩sand compaction pile
流砂quick sand, drift sand
送桩pile follower
试桩test pile
斜桩batter pile, raking pile, spur pile
护筒pile casing
重锤夯实法heavy tamping method
灰土换填夯实法method of lime-soil replacement and tamping
灌筑水下混凝土underwater concreting, concreting with tremie method 导流建筑物regulating structure
丁坝，又称“挑水坝”spur dike
顺坝longitudinal dam
河床铺砌river bed paving
码头wharf
排架bent
脚手架scaffold
悬空脚手架hanging stage, hanging scaffold
铁路涵洞railway culvert
涵洞孔径aperture of culvert
管涵pipe culvert
箱涵box culvert
拱涵arch culvert
盖板涵slab culvert
无压力涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert
压力式涵洞outlet submerged culvert
半压力式涵洞inlet submerged culvert
明渠open channel, open ditch, open drain
倒虹吸管inverted siphon
潮汐河流tidal river
淤积silting, siltation
流冰ice drift
铁路轮渡railway car ferries
轮渡站ferry station
轮渡栈桥ferry trestle bridge
渡轮ferry boat
轮渡引线，又称“轮渡斜引道”ferry slip
2.6隧道工程
铁路隧道railway tunnel
山岭隧道mountain tunnel
越岭隧道over mountain line tunnel
水下隧道，又称“水底隧道”subaqueous tunnel, underwater tunnel
地铁隧道subway tunnel, underground railway tunnel, metro tunnel
浅埋隧道shallow tunnel, shallow-depth tunnel, shallow burying tunnel
深埋隧道deep tunnel, deep-depth tunnel, deep burying tunnel
单线隧道single track tunnel
双线隧道double track tunnel
多线隧道multiple track tunnel
车站隧道station tunnel
地铁车站subway station, metro station
特长隧道super long tunnel
长隧道long tunnel
中长隧道medium tunnel
短隧道short tunnel
隧道群tunnel group
地铁工程subway engineering, metro engineering
洞口tunnel adit, tunnel opening
隧道进口tunnel entrance
隧道出口tunnel exit
仰坡，又称“正面坡”front slope
洞门tunnel portal
洞门框tunnel portal frame
端墙式洞门end wall tunnel portal
柱式洞门post tunnel portal
翼墙式洞门wing wall tunnel portal
耳墙式洞门ear wall tunnel portal
台阶式洞门bench tunnel portal
正洞门orthonormal tunnel portal, straight tunnel portal
斜洞门skew tunnel portal
明洞门open-cut-tunnel portal, gallery portal
衬砌lining
[隧道]拱圈arch
边墙side wall
仰拱invert, inverted arch
底板floor
整体式衬砌integral lining
装配式衬砌precast lining, prefabricated lining
模筑衬砌moulded lining
洞口段衬砌lining of tunnel portal section
偏压衬砌unsymmerrically loading lining, eccentrically compressed lining
组合衬砌，又称“复合衬砌”composite lining
初期支护primary support
二次衬砌scondary lining
隔离层isolation layer
喷锚支护shotcrete bolt lining
下锚段衬砌,又称"接触网锚段衬砌"anchor-section lining
挤压混凝土衬砌extruding concrete tunnel lining
隔热层thermal insulation layer
明洞open-cut tunnel, tunnel without cover, gallery
拱形明洞arch open cut tunnel, arch tunnel without cover, arch gallery
棚洞shed tunnel, shed gallery
路堑式明洞cut-type open cut tunnel, cut-type tunnel without cover,cut-type gallery
半路堑式明洞part cut-type open cut tunnel, part cut-type tunnel without cover, part cut-type gallery
抗滑明洞anti-skid-type open cut tunnel,anti-skid-type tunnel without cover, anti-skid-type gallery 盖板式棚洞slab shed tunnel, slab shed gallery
刚架式棚洞framed shed tunnel, framed shed gallery
悬臂式棚洞cantilever shed tunnel, cantilever shed gallery
隧道专家系统expert system of tunnel
围岩surrounding rock
围岩压力pressure of surrounding rock
地层压力ground pressure, stratum pressure
松弛压力relaxation pressure
形变压力deformation pressure
围岩自承能力self-supporting capacity of surrounding rock
坑道自稳时间self-stabilization time of tunnel
弹性抗力elastic resistance
灌浆压力groutmg pressure
落石冲击力impact force of falling stone
隧道埋置深度，简称“埋深”buried depth of tunnel
地温梯度geothermal gradient
地应力crustal stress
预留变形量deformation allowance
暗挖法subsurface excavation method
明挖法open-cut method
矿山法mining method, mine tunnelling method
钻[眼]爆[破]法drilling and blasting method
新奥法New Austrian Tunnelling Method, NATM
喷锚构筑法shotcrete-bolt construction method
掘进机法tunnel boring machine method
盾构法shield method
沉管法immersed tunnelling method
地下连续墙法underground diaphragm wall method, underground wall method, diaphragm wall method 分部开挖法partial excavation method
台阶法benching tunnelling method
正台阶法positive benching tunnelling method
反台阶法negative benching tunnelling method
导坑heading
上下导坑法top and bottom heading method
上导坑法top-heading method
漏斗棚架法hopper-shed support tunnelling method
蘑菇形开挖法mushroom-type tunnelling method
侧壁导坑法side heading method
单侧导坑法single side heading method
双侧导坑法twin-side heading method
品字形导坑法top and twin-side bottom heading method
眼镜式开挖法spectacles type tunnelling method
超前导坑advance heading
扩大enlargement
拉槽pull trough, trench excavated
马口excavation of side at wall at intervals
控制爆破controlled blasting
光面爆破smooth blasting
预裂爆破presplit blasting
先墙后拱法side wall first lining method
先拱后墙法archfirst lining method, flying arch method
开挖工作面excavated surface, excavated work
超挖overbreak
欠挖underbreak
找顶top cleaning
出碴mucking and removing
有轨运输track transportation
无轨运输trackless transportation
拱圈封顶closing the top of lining
墙顶封口seal, seal at the top of wall
喷射混凝土回弹rebound of shotcrete
隧道贯通tunnel holing-through
隧道贯通误差tunnel through error
隧道贯通面tunnel through plane
临时支护temporary support
构件支撑member support
钢拱支撑steel arch support
喷射混凝土支护shotcrete support
锚杆支护anchor bolt support
喷锚支护，又称“锚喷支护”shotcrete and rock bolt support
系统锚杆system anchor bolt
超前支护advance support
超前锚杆advance anchor bolt
插板支护inserting plate support, forepoling
小导管预注浆pre-grouting with small duct
管棚支护pipe-shed support, pipe roofing support
格构拱，又称“钢花拱”、“格棚拱”trellis arch, lattice arch
喷射混凝土shotcrete, spray concrete
干喷混凝土dry shotcreting
湿喷混凝土wet shotcreting
潮喷混凝土，又称“半湿喷混凝土”half wet shotcreting
喷射钢纤维混凝土steel fiber shotcrete, steel fiber reinforced
防水混凝土waterproof concrete
预切槽precutting trough
辅助坑道service gallery
竖井shaft
斜井inclined shaft
横洞transverse gallery
平行导坑parallel heading
横通道transverse passage-way
调查坑道investigation gallery, survey tunnel
竖井联系测量shaft connection survey
隧道防水waterproofing of tunnel
防水等级classification of waterproof
防水层waterproof layer
防水板waterproof board, waterproof sheet
防水涂层waterproofing coating
隧道压浆pressure grouting of tunnel
止水带water stop tie
盲沟blind ditch
泄水洞drain cavern, drain tunnel
隧道运营通风permanent ventilation of tunnel
自然通风natural ventilation
机械通风mechanical ventilation
风道式通风ventilation by air passage
隧道通风帘幕ventilation curtain
列车活塞作用piston action of train
隧道射流式通风tunnel efflux ventilation, tunnel injector type ventilation
隧道通风试验tunnel ventilation test
隧道施工通风construction ventilation of tunnel
风管式通风ventilation by pipes
巷道式通风ventilation by ducts
隧道照明tunnel illumination, tunnel lighting
隧道防灾设施tunnel anti-disaster equipment
避车洞refuge hole, refuge recess, refuge niche
隧道火灾tunnel fire hazard
隧道报警装置tunnel warning equipment
隧道消防系统tunnel fire-fighting system
隧道瓦斯爆炸tunnel gas explosion
隧道监控量测tunnel monitoring measurement
隧道地表沉陷tunnel ground subsidence
隧道拱顶下沉tunnel arch top settlement
隧道底鼓tunnel floor heave
隧道周边位移tunnel perimeter deflection
隧道地中位移tunnel surrounding mass deflection
隧道改建tunnel reconstruction
隧道落底under cut of tunnel
隧道挑顶top picking of tunnel
隧道套拱cover arch of tunnel
2.7施工计划与施工组织
施工调查construction investigation
施工准备construction preparation
征地expropriation
拆迁removing
租地rented land
交接桩delivery-receiving stake
施工复测construction repetition, repetive survey, construction repetition survey
测量放样staking out in survey
土[石]方调配cut-fill transition
土[石]方体积图，又称“土积图”volume diagram of earth-rock work
隐蔽工程hidden project, hidden construction work
废弃工程abandoned project, abandoned construction work
工程运输engineering transportation
冬季施工cold weather construction, winter season construction
雨季施工raining season construction, rainy season construction
工程招标calling for tenders of project, calling for tending of project
工程投标bidding for project
工程报价project quoted price
工程发包contracting out of project
工程承包contracting of project
工程监理supervision of construction, supervision of project
总预算total budget
单项预算individual budget
建筑业总产值total output of building industry
指导性施工组织设计design for guiding construction organization, guiding design for construction scheme
实施性施工组织设计design for practical construction organization, practical design for construction scheme, operative construction organization design 临时工程temporary project
大型临时工程large-scale temporary project
小型临时工程small-scale temporary project
过渡工程transition project
控制工程dominant project
关键工程key project
辅助设施auxiliary facilities
通车期限time limit for opening to traffic
施工总工期total time of construction, total construction time
施工组织方案construction scheme
开工报告report on starting of construction work, commencement report of construction work, construction starting report
竣工报告completion report of construction work
施工计划管理planned management of construction
网络计划技术network planning technique
施工工艺流程construction technology process, construction process
工法制度construction method system
施工产值construction output value
施工利润construction profit
施工机械利用率utilization ratio of construction machinery
施工机械完好率ratio of construction machinery in good condition
施工形象进度construction figure progress, figurative progress of construction work
2.8施工机械
挖掘机excavating machine, excavator
单斗挖土机power shovel
索铲挖土机dragline
反铲挖土机backhoe
蛤壳式抓斗clamshell bucket
推土机bulldozer
铲运机scoper, scraper, carrying scraper
装载机loader
带式输送机belt conveyer
平地机grader
振动辗压机vibration compactor, vibration roller
压路机roller
潜孔钻机diving drill
凿岩机air hammer drill,rock drill
碎石机crusher
挖沟机trench cutting machine, trenching machine, trencher
塔式起重机tower crane, column crane
汽车式起重机automobile crane,autocrane,truck crane
轮胎式起重机rubber tired crane, rough-terrain crane
履带式起重机crawler crane, caterpiller crane
轨道起重机track crane, rail crane
浮式起重机，又称“浮吊”floating crane
缆索起重机cable crane
空中索道aerial ropway
电动卷扬机electric winch
电动吊车，又称“电动葫芦”electric hoist
千斤顶jack
打桩机pile driver
蒸汽打桩机steam pile driver, steam pile hammer
柴油打桩机diesel pile driver
液压打桩机hydraulic pile driver
振动打桩机vibrating pile driver, vibratory driver
振动沉拔桩机vibro-driver extractor
静压力拔桩机static pressure pile extractor, static pressure pile drawing machine
履带式桩架crawler pile frame
旋转式钻机swiveling drill machine, rotary drill machine
潜水钻机diving drill machine
套管钻机drill machine with casing
冲击式钻机impact-type drill machine, percussion type drill machine
离心水泵centrifugal pump
真空水泵vacuum pump
深井水泵deep well pump
轴流水泵axial flow pump
潜水泵diving pump
往复式空气压缩机reciprocating compressor
螺杆式空气压缩机screw compressor
单转子滑片式空压机single rotary compressor
水泥输送泵cement pump
混凝土搅拌机concrete mixer
鼓筒式混凝土搅拌机drum concrete mixer
锥形反转出料混凝土搅拌机tapered reverse tilting concrete mixer
锥形倾翻出料混凝土搅拌机tapered tilting concrete mixer
强制式混凝土搅拌机forced concrete mixer
混凝土搅拌楼concrete mixing plant
简易混凝土搅拌站simple concrete mixing plant
混凝土搅拌运输车concrete mixing and transporting car, truck mixer, transit mixer
混凝土输送泵concrete pump
混凝土泵车concrete pump truck
混凝土吊斗concrete lifting bucket
钢筋调直机bar straightener
钢筋切断机bar cutter
钢筋弯曲机bar bender
钢筋冷拉机bar cold-drawing machine
插入式混凝土振捣器immersion type vibrator for concrete
附着式混凝土振捣器attached type vibrator for concrete, attached type vibrator
平板式混凝工plate vibrator
混凝土振动台concrete vibrating stand
长线张拉台座stretching bed for longline production
斜撑桅杆式架梁起重机cross stay derrick girder erecting machine
全回转式架梁起重机full circle girder erecting crane
双悬臂式架桥机double cantilever girder-erecting machine
单梁式架桥机single beam girder-erecting machine
双梁式架桥机double beam girder-erecting machine
组拼式架桥机assembly type girder-erecting machine
造桥机bridge fabrication machine
工程船舶engineering ship, engineering vessel
舟桥bateau bridge
浮箱floating box, pontoon
万能杆件fabricated universal steel members
模板form
组合钢模板combined steel formwork
滑动模板slip form
爬升模板climbing shuttering
砌拱支架，又称“碗扣式脚手架”soffit scaffolding
风镐air pick, pneumatic pick
凿岩台车，又称“钻孔台车”rock drilling jumbo
立爪式装岩机vertical claw rock loader
蟹爪式装岩机crab rock loader
梭式矿车shuttle car
槽式列车bunker train
电瓶车storage battery car
斗车bucket loader
大型矿车large scale ore car
装岩机rock loader
干喷混凝土机dry shotcreting machine
湿喷混凝土机wet shotcreting machine
半湿喷混凝土机half wet shotcreting machine
喷射混凝土机械手shotcrete manipulator
风动凿岩机pneumatic rock drill
手持式凿岩机portable rock drill,jack hammer
通风机ventilating set, ventilating machine, ventilator
注浆机grouting machine, grouter
注浆泵grouting pump, injection pump
隧道衬砌模板台车working jumbo for tunnel lining, tunnelling shutter jumbo for tunnel lining 隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine, TBM
盾构shield
接触网架线车installation vehicle for contact wire
接触网作业车operation vehicle for contact wire
自卸汽车dumping truck
斗式提升机bucket elevator
2.9施工安全与质量
安全技术措施safety technical measures
安全教育safety education
事故报告accident report
灾害性地质disaster geology
突泥projecting mud soil
突水gushing water
冒顶roof fall
岩爆rock burst
瓦斯突出gas projection
瓦斯浓度gas density,gas consistency
掏底开挖，俗称“挖神仙土cut the vertical earthwork bottom
施工防护construction protection
线路封锁track blockade, closure of track, traffic interruption
防护音响信号protecting acoustic signal
覆盖防护covered protection
近体防护nearby protection
安全标志safety mark, safety symbol, safety indicator
停车防护stopping train protection, standing train protection
安全距离safety distance
人员掩蔽所hiding-place for personnel
待避所refuge place
安全地点safety place
安全帽safety cap, safety helmet
安全绳safety rope, safety strap
安全网safety net
保险带safety belt
安全梯emergency staircase, fire escape
防护栏杆protection railing
安全用电safety in utilizing electric energy
安全电压safety voltage
消防设施fire-fighting equipment
防火门fire protection gate
消防器材fire-fighting apparatus and materials
隔火带fire protection strip
防火净距fire protection distance
瓦斯治理gas control
安全炸药safety explosion, explosive charge, safety explosive
湿式凿岩wet boring for rock, wet drilling for rock
防尘dust prevention, dust control
防滑鞋antiskid shoe
绝缘鞋insulant shoe
防坠器falling protector
阻车器stop device
安全装置safety device, safety equipment
救生设施lifesaving appliance
防雷装置lightning protection device
保护地线protective earth wire
保护接地protective grounding
触电保安器electric shock protector
防爆设施blasting protection facilities
质量管理quality management
质量保证quality assurance
质量控制quality control
质量体系quality system
质量监督quality surperintendence, quality surveillance
工程质量检验inspection of engineering quality
隐蔽工程检查hidden project inspection
取样试验检查sampling inspection
目测visual measurement, visual observation
丈量measure
仪器检查inspect by instrument
全检overall acceptance
抽检selective acceptance
工程质量评定evaluation of engineering quality
工程质量验收acceptance of engineering quality
随工验收acceptance following construction, follow-up acceptance 中间验收intermediate acceptance
缺陷工程defect project, drawback project
合格工程qualified project
样板工程sample project
优质工程，又称“优良工程”high grade project, high quality project
施工验收delivery-receiving acceptance
3铁道工务
3.1工务机构与工种
工务段track division, track district, track maintenance division 养路领工区track subdivision, track maintenance subdivision
养路工区track maintenance section, permanent way gang
养路领工员track master, track supervisor
养路工长track foreman
养路工trackman, machine operator, track mechanics
巡道工track walker, track patrolling man
道口看守工grade crossing watchman, level crossing watchman
桥隧巡守工bridge and tunnel watchman,bridge and tunnel patrolling man
3.2线路及其养护
轨道，曾用名“线路上部建筑”track
轨道类型classification of track, track standard
轨道结构track structure
有碴轨道ballasted track
无碴轨道ballastless track
线路track, permanent way
有缝线路jointed track
无缝线路continuously welded rail track,jointless track
长轨线路long welded rail track
轨排track panel, track
轨节rail link
长轨条long rail string
轨道几何形位track geometry
轨距加宽gauge widening
螺旋曲线spiral curve, clothoid curve
三次抛物线曲线cubic parabola curve
曲线超高superelevation, cant, elevation of curve
欠超高deficient superelevation
过超高surplus superelevation, excess elevation
反超高reverse superelevation, counter superelevation, negative superelevation
未被平衡离心加速度unbalanced centrifugal acceleration
曲线正矢curve versine
轨道力学track mechanics
轨道动力学track dynamics
轨道强度计算track strength analysis
轨道几何状态恶化track deterioration
轨道失效track failure
轨道框架刚度rigidity of track panel
道床系数ballast coefficient, ballast modulus
钢轨基础模量rail supporting modulus, track modulus
钢轨支点弹性模量modulus of elasticity of rail support
轨道应力track stresses
轨道稳定性stability of track
接头阻力joint resistance
道床阻力ballast resistance
扣件扣压力toe load of fastening
轮/轨接触应力rail/wheel contact stress
钢轨rail
轨头rail head
轨腰rail web
轨底rail base, rail bottom
淬火轨head hardened rail, quenched rail
合金轨alloy steel rail
合金淬火轨head hardened alloy steel rail, quenched alloy steel rail
耐磨轨wear resistant rail
耐腐蚀轨corrosion resistant rail
标准长度钢轨standard length rail
短轨short rail
缩短轨standard shortened rail, fabricated short rail used on curves, standard curtailed rail 异形轨compromise rail
护轨guard rail, check
轨底坡rail cant
钢轨工作边gage line
轨缝，又称“接头缝”rail gap ,joint gap
构造轨缝structural joint gap, maximum joint gap structurally obtainable
钢轨接头rail joint
相对式接头opposite joint, square joint
相错式接头，又称“相互式接头alternate joint, staggered joint, broken joint
垫接接头，又称“承接接头”supported joint
悬接接头suspended joint
绝缘接头insulated joint
胶结绝缘接头glued insulated joint
焊接接头welded joint
冻结接头frozen joint
异型接头compromise joint
钢轨伸缩调接器，又称“温度调节器”expansion rail joint, rail expansion device, switch expansion joint
接头联结零件rail joint accessories, rail joint fastenings
接头夹板，曾用名“鱼尾板”joint bar, splice bar, fish plate
平型双头夹板flat joint bar
轨头底面接触夹板，又称“楔型接头夹板”head contact flat joint bar
轨腹上圆弧接触夹板，又称“铰型接头夹板”head free flat joint bar
带裙鱼尾板aproned fish plate, fish plate with apron
异型接头夹板compromise joint bar
接头螺栓，曾用名“鱼尾螺栓”track bolt, fish bolt
钩螺栓claw bolt, hook bolt, anchor bolt
扣件，又称“中间联结零件”rail fastening
分开式扣件separated rail fastening, indirect holding fastening
不分开式扣件nonseparated rail fastening, direct holding fastening
半分开式扣件semi-separated rail fastening, mixed holding fastening
弹性扣件elastic rail fastening
道钉，又称“狗头钉”，“钩头钉”track spike, rail spike, dog spike
弹簧道钉elastic rail spike
螺纹道钉screw spike
螺栓螺纹钉bolt-screw spike
硫磺锚固sulphur cement mortar anchor, sulphur cement mortar anchorage 垫板tie plate
橡胶垫板，又称“弹性垫板rubber tie plate
衬垫pad
冻害垫板frost heave board, track shim fof trost heaving roadbed, frost shim 弹簧垫圈spring washer
防爬器anti-creeper, rail anchor
穿销防爬器wedged rail anchor
弹簧防爬器spring rail anchor
防爬支撑anti-creep strut
轨撑rail brace
轨距杆gage tie bar,gage rod,gage tie
绝缘轨距杆insulated gage rod
轨下基础sub-rail foundation,sub-rail track bed
轨枕tie, cross tie, sleeper
宽混凝土轨枕，曾用名“轨枕板”broad concrete tie
纵向轨枕longitudinal tie
板式轨道slab-track
木枕，又称“枕木”wooden tie
油枕treated wooden tie
素枕untreated wooden tie
钢枕steel tie
混凝土枕concrete tie
岔枕switch tie, turnout tie
短枕short tie, block tie
枕盒，曾用名“枕木盒”crib
道床ballast bed
整体道床solid bed, integrated ballast bed, monolithic concrete bed
沥青道床asphalt cemented ballast bed
道碴层，曾用名“道碴床”ballast layer
道碴ballast
道碴级配ballast grading
洛杉矶磨损试验Los Angeles abrasion test
碎石道碴stone ballast
矿渣道碴slag ballast
卵石道碴gravel ballast
砂道碴sand ballast
底碴subballast
道床厚度thickness of ballast bed, depth of ballast
道床宽度width of ballast bed
道床碴肩shoulder of ballast bed
轮轨游间clearance between wheel flange and gage line
曲线内接inscribed to curves
自由内接free inscribing
强制内接compulsory inscribing
楔形内接wedging inscribing
静力内接static inscribing
动力内接dynamic inscribing
轨道不平顺track irregularity
静态不平顺static track irregularity, irregularity without load
动态不平顺dynamic track irregularity
轨道几何尺寸容许公差track geometry tolerances
轨道变形track deformation, track disorder, track distortion
轨道残余变形track residual deformation, track permanent deformation
弹性挤开gage elastically widened, elastic squeeze-out
轨道水平，又称“左右水平”track cross level
轨道方向track alignment
轨道前后高低，简称“前后高低”longitudinal level of rail, track profile
三角坑，又称“扭曲”twist, warp
轨道明坑visible pit of track, visible low spot of track, track depression
轨道暗坑，又称“空吊板”loose tie
翻浆冒泥mud-pumping
钢轨低接头depressed joint, battered joint of rail
接头瞎缝closed joint, tight joint
大轨缝excessive joint gap, wide joint gap
线路爬行track creeping
轨道鼓出，俗称“跑道”track buckling
轨头总磨损，曾用名“轨头总磨耗”total wear of rail head
轨头垂直磨损，曾用名“轨头垂直磨耗”vertical wear of rail head
轨头侧面磨损，曾用名“轨头侧面磨耗”side wear of rail head
轨头波形磨损，曾用名“轨头波浪形磨耗”wave-type deformation of rail head
轨头波纹磨损corrugation of rail head, rail corrugation
轨头短波浪磨损short wave undulation of rail head
轨头长波浪磨损long wave undulation of rail head
轨端马鞍形磨损rail end batter,saddle wear of rail end
轨头肥边flow of rail head, lipping of rail head
错牙接头rail ends unevenness in line or surface
钢轨伤损rail defects and failures
钢轨擦伤engine burn, wheel burn
钢轨锈蚀rail corrosion
白点flake crack, shatter crack, small nucleus fissure
核伤nucleus flaw, oval flaw
轨头剥离gage line shelly cracks
轨头掉块spalling of rail head
轨头压溃crushing of rail head
轨头垂直劈裂vertical split of rail head
轨头微细裂纹detail fracture of rail head
轨端崩裂rail end breakage
钢轨打标记branding & stamping of rails
轨端削角，又称“轨端倒棱”rail end chamfering
螺栓孔削角，又称“螺栓孔倒棱”bolt hole chamfering
螺栓孔加强bolt hole cold-working strenthening
轨头水平劈裂horizontal split of rail head
轨腰劈裂piped rail, split of rail web
钢轨裂纹rail cracks
轨头发裂head checks, hair crack of rail head
轨底崩裂burst of rail base, burst of rail bottom, broken rail base
钢轨折断brittle fractures of rail, sudden rupture of rail
钢轨落锤试验drop test of rail
螺孔裂纹bolt hole crack
线路大修major repair of track, overhaul of track, track renewal
线路中修intermediate repair of track
线路维修maintenance of track
找小坑spot surfacing
全面起道捣固out-of-face surfacing
起道raising of track, track lifting
落道under cutting of track, lowering of track
垫砂起道measured shovel packing
改道gage correction, gaging of track
拨道track lining
整正水平adjusting of cross level
整正曲线curve adjusting, curve lining
绳正法整正曲线string lining of curve
绳度整正曲线计算器string lining computer, string-line calculator
调整轨缝，又称“均匀轨缝”adjusting of rail gaps, evenly distributing joint gaps
整正轨缝dispersal of rail gaps, adjusting joint gaps up to standard
矫直钢轨straightening of kinked rail
焊修钢轨，又称“堆焊钢轨”resurfacing of rail
打磨钢轨rail grinding
轨头整形rail head reprofiling
轨头非对称断面打磨asymmetrical rail head profile grinding
方正轨枕tie respacing, squaring of ties
削平木枕tie adzing
修补木枕tie repairing
木枕防腐preservation of wooden tie
木枕预钻孔preboring of wooden tie, preboring of spike holes
木枕刻痕incising of wooden tie
枕木塞tie plug
木枕防裂装置anti splitting device
捣固道床ballast tamping
夯实道床ballast ramming, ballast consolidating
清筛道床ballast cleaning
整理道床ballast trimming
锁定轨温fastening-down temperature of rail
零应力轨温stress free rail temperature
中和轨温neutral temperature
放散温度力destressing, stress liberation
温度力temperature stress
温度力峰temperature stress peak
轨道鼓出临界温度critical temperature of track buckling
伸缩区，又称“呼吸区”breathing zone
缓冲区buffer zone, transition zone
固定区nobreathing zone, fixed zone, deformation-free zone
调节轨buffer rail
气压焊oxyacetylene pressure welding
电阻焊flash butt welding
铝热焊thermit welding
周转轨inventory stock rails
备用轨stock rails per kilometer of track, emergency rail stored along the way 再用轨second hand rail, relaying rail
顺坡run-off elevation
作业标志working signal
停车牌red board, stop indicator
慢行牌yellow board, speed indicator
线路标志road way signs, permanent way signs
公里标kilometer post
曲线标curve post
坡度标grade post
桥梁标bridge post
隧道标tunnel post
管界标section sign
钢轨位移观测桩rail creep indication posts
鸣笛标whistle board
线路中断line interruption
施工封闭线路line occupation for works
封闭线路作业时间，又称“开天窗作业时间”works occupation time, working time of closed section
列车空隙作业时间working time between trains
养路表报maintenance-of-way report and forms, track work forms
工务设备台帐technical record of track, bridge and other equipments
养路管理电脑系统computer aided track maintenance and management system
线路平剖面图track charts
养路费用maintenance of way expenditures
线路维修规则rules of maintenance of way
轨道养护标准standards of track maintenance
换算线路长度equivalent track kilometerage
轨检车评分track evaluation by recording car, evaluation by track inspection car 轨道质量指数track quality index
平面交叉level crossing
立体交叉grade separation
道口grade crossing, level crossing
道口铺面grade crossing pavement, surface of grade crossing
道口平台level stretch of grade crossing
道口警标warning sign at grade crossing
道口栏木cross barrier at grade crossing
道口栅栏side barrier at grade crossing
道口护桩protective stake at grade crossing
限界架clearance limit frame
3.3道岔
道岔turnout, switches and crossings
单开道岔simple turnout, lateral turnout
单式对称道岔，又称“双开道岔”symmetrical double curve turnout, equilateral turnout
单式不对称道岔，又称“不对称双开道岔”unsymmetrical double curve turnout, unequilateral turnout
单式同侧道岔unsymmetrical double curve turnout in same direction
三开道岔symmetrical three throw turnout, three-way turnout
不对称三开道岔unsymmetrical three-way turnout, unsymmetrical three throw turnout 左开道岔left hand turnout
右开道岔right hand turnout
交叉crossing
菱形交叉diamond crossing
直角交叉rectangular crossing, square crossing
交分道岔slip switch
单式交分道岔single slip switches
复式交分道岔double slip switches
渡线crossover
交叉渡线scissors crossing, double crossover
平行渡线parallel crossover
梯线ladder track
套线道岔mixed gage turnout
道岔主线main line of turnout, main track of turnout, trunout main
道岔侧线branch line of turnout, branch track of turnout, turnout branch
导曲线lead curve
导曲线半径radius of lead curve
导曲线支距offset of lead curve
道岔中心center of turnout
辙叉frog, crossing
辙叉角frog angle
辙叉号数frog number
道岔号数turnout number
道岔始端beginning of turnout
道岔终端end of turnout
尖轨switch rail, tongue rail, blade
直线尖轨straight switch
曲线尖轨curved switch
尖轨理论尖端theoretical point of switch rail
尖轨尖端actual point of switch rail
尖轨跟端heel of switch rail
曲线出岔道岔turnout from curved track
辙叉心轨理论尖端theoretical point of frog
辙叉心轨尖端actual point of frog
辙叉趾端toe end of frog, frog toe
辙叉跟端heel end of frog, frog heel
道岔基线reference line of turnout
道岔全长total length of turnout
道岔理论长度theoretical length of turnout
道岔实际长度actual length of turnout
道岔理论导程theoretical lead of turnout
道岔前部理论长度front part theoretical length of turnout
道岔后部理论长度rear part theoretical length of turnout
道岔后部实际长度rear part actual length of turnout
尖轨长度length of switch rail
辙叉趾长toe length of frog
辙叉跟长heel length of frog
辙叉趾宽toe spread of frog
辙叉跟宽heel spread of frog
尖轨动程throw of switch
护轨与心轨的查照间隔[guard rail] check gage
护背距离guard rail face gage, back gage
辙叉有害空间gap in the frog, open throat, unguarded flange-way
转辙角switch angle
辙叉咽喉throat of frog
轮缘槽flange-way, flange clearance
转辙器switch
可弯式尖轨转辙器flexible switch
间隔铁式尖轨转辙器loose heel switch
高锰钢整铸辙叉solid manganese steel frog, cast manganese steel frog
钢轨组合辙叉bolted rigid frog, assembled frog
可动心轨辙叉movable-point frog
可动翼轨辙叉movable-wing frog
钝角辙叉obtuse frog
锐角辙叉end frog, acute frog
曲线辙叉curved frog
基本轨stock rail
密贴尖轨closed switch rail, close contact between switch point and stock rail
淬火尖轨surface-hardened switch rail, quenched switch rail
特种断面尖轨special heavy section switch rail, tongue rail made of special section rail, full-wed section switch rail 翼轨wing rail
心轨point rail, nose rail
道岔护轨turnout guard rail
尖轨护轨switch point guard rail
尖轨保护器switch protector
道岔拉杆switch rod, stretcher bar
道岔连接杆connecting bar, following stretcher bar
间隔铁filler, spacer block
尖轨补强板reinforcing bar
滑床板slide plate, switch plate
3.4线路机构与机具
线路机械permanent way machine
线路机具permanent way tool
路基机械subgrade machine, machine for roadway work
轨道机械track machine
道碴机械ballast machine
捣固机械tamping machine
夯实机械ballast consolidating machine
道碴清筛机械ballast cleaning machine
轨行式装运机械rail-mounted handling and transportation machine
轨道检测设备track geometry measuring device
安全防护设备safety protection equipment
线路清理机械permanent way clearing machine
公铁两用线路机械rail/road permanent way machine
大型线路机械，又称“重型线路机械”heavy permanent way machine, large permanent way machine
小型线路机械，又称“轻型线路机械”light permanent way machine, small permanent way machine
拨道机track lining machine
拨道器track lining tool
起道机track lifting machine
起道器rail jack, track jack
起拨道机track lifting and lining machine
起拨道器track lifting and lining tool
钢轨钻孔机rail drilling machine
钢轨钻孔器rail drilling tool
磨轨机rail grinding machine
磨轨车rail grinding car
磨轨列车rail grinding train
锯轨机rail cutting machine, rail sawing machine
轨缝调整器rail gap adjuster,rail puller
钢轨拉伸器rail tensor
直轨器rail straightening tool, rail straightener
平轨器rail bending tool, rail bender
钢轨刨边机rail-head edges planing machine
钢轨推凸机rail weld seam shearing machine
钢轨推凸器rail shearing device
机动螺钉-螺栓扳手rail screw-bolt power wrench
地面钢轨涂油器on-track rail lubricator
车载钢轨涂油器on-board rail lubricator
焊轨机rail welding machine
轨枕抽换机tie replacing machine
木枕钻孔机wooden tie drilling machine
打道钉机spike driver
起道钉机spike puller
混凝土枕螺栓钻取机concrete tie dowel drilling and pulling machine
方枕器tie respacer
木枕削平机wooden sleeper adzing machine
手提电动捣固机，又称“电镐”portable electric tamper, hand electric tamper
手提风动捣固机portable pneumatic tamper
手提内燃捣固机 portable gasoline-powered tamper
小型液压捣固机light hydraulic tamping machine
液压捣固机，又称“液压捣固车”hydraulic tamping machine
auto-leveling-lifting-lining-tamping machine
自动液压大型捣固车，又称“自动整平-起道-拨道-捣固车”
配碴整形机ballast distributing
道碴犁ballast plow
扒碴机crib ballast removers
收碴机ballast recollecting machine
枕间夯实机crib consolidating machine
道床边坡夯实机ballast shoulder consolidating machine
全断面道床夯实机full section ballast consolidating machine
道床底碴夯实机subballast consolidating machine
动力稳定机dynamic track stabilizer
边坡清筛机ballast shoulder cleaning machine
大型全断面清筛机large ballast undercutting cleaners, on-track full section undercutting cleaners
中型清筛机medium ballast undercutting cleaners
大揭盖清筛机ballast cleaning machine with removed track panels
小型枕底清筛机small ballast undercutting cleaners
轻型轨道车light rail motor car, light motor trolley
重型轨道车heavy rail motor car, heavy motor trolley
发电轨道车power generating rail car
发电走行两用车self-propelled power generating car
轨道平车rail flat car
长钢轨运输作业列车long welded rail transporting and working train
铺轨机track laying machine
轨行式起重机crane on-track, rail-mounted crane
悬臂式铺轨排机track panel laying machine with cantilever
悬臂式铺轨机rail laying machine with cantilever
门式铺轨排机track panel laying gantry crane
铺轨列车track laying train
工程宿营车work train with camp cars
轨道检查车track recording car, track inspection car
轨道检查小车track geometry measuring trolley
桥梁试验车bridge test car
钢轨探伤车rail flaw detection car
钢轨探伤仪rail flaw detector
钢轨磨损检查车rail profile measuring car
钢轨磨损检查仪rail profile gauge
列车速度检测仪train speed monitoring device
列车接近报警器train approach warning device
限界检测车clearance car, clearance inspection car
塌方落石报警器land slide warning device
除雪机snow removing machine, snow remover
道岔熔冰器switch heater
除砂机sand removing machine
开沟机ditcher
开沟平路机track shaving machine, ditching and grading machine
灌木切割机brush cutting machine, brush cutter
除草机weed cutting machine, weed cutter
喷洒除草机weed killing machine, weed killer
轨距尺，又称“道尺”track gage
万能道尺universal rail gage
捣镐，又称“道镐”packer, tamping pick, beater
道钉锤spike hammer
撬棍lining bar, claw bar
轨道水平尺track level
螺栓扳手track wrenches
单轨小车hand cart
3.5路基养护
地表排水surface drainage
地下排水subsurface drainage
过滤层filter
路基松软soft spots of road bed
滑坡landslip, landslide
坍方slide, slip
蠕变creep, crawl
崩塌collapse, toppling
冲刷erosion, scouring
落石rock fall
泥石流earth flow, debris flow,mud and rock flow
冻害frost heaving
雪崩snow slip, snow slide, snow avalanche
道碴槽ballast tub
道碴箱ballast box
道碴袋ballast pocket
道碴巢ballast nest
路基下沉subgrade settlement
煤矿沉陷mining subsidence
路基挤起subgrade bulge, subgrade squeeze-out
防洪flood control
防砂sand-drift control, sand protection
防雪snow-drift control, snow protection
雪害snow blockade, snow drift
水害flood damage, washout
砂害sand blockade, sand drift
隧道冰害frost damage in tunnel
防雪棚snow fence, snow guard
防雪障snow protection bank
防雪树篱snow protection hedge
拉沟slotting
刷坡slope cutting
边坡植被防护vegetation on slope
石笼gabion
土工织物，又称“土工布”geotextile
土工格栅，又称“土工网格”geogrid
铺草皮sodding
整治冻害轨道treatment of frost heaving track
垫冻害垫板track shimming
电化学加固土壤electro-chemical treatment of soil
3.6桥隧养护
桥梁浅基shallow foundation of bridge, unsafe depth foundation of bridge
限界检查checking of clearance, clearance check measurement
河调-防护失修disrepaire of flow regulating and shore protecting structure, river bank protection out of repair 桥址水文观测hydrologic observation of bridge site
桥梁检定试验bridge rating test
容许强度检定working stress rating
承载系数检定load factor rating