中考情态动词+时态+语态教学案
情态动词
☆ 定义：
这类词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、“应
当”等。这类动词有等。☆ 原则：
★ 用法：
(1) 表义务：句。
(2) 表指责：(不能), (不应该), (不准)。
(3)表猜测：分为两大类，和。
(4)表能力：(现在), (过去能现在能), (过去能，现在未必
能)。
(5)表请求：(语气生硬), (委婉，常用), (谦卑，少用), (只用于第
一人称)。
(6)肯否不一：
动词时态
★ 一般现在时
1.定义:
2.标志词:
3.考点:
(1)主将从现
(2)客观真理、事实用一般现在时(太阳、月亮的升起、落下，定律等)
★ 一般过去时
1.定义
A.过去某个时间里发生的动作。
B.过去经常性/习惯性的动作。
2.标志词
3.考点：
(1) 现在完成时与一般过去时辨析：
☆ 一般将来时
1.定义
A.将来某时会发生的动作
B.将来计划打算做的动作
2.标志词
3.考点
will / shall / be going to 区别
A.will 和s hall
B.will 和b e going to will：
☆ 现在进行时
1.定义：
A.表示此时此刻正在做的动作
B.表示最近一段时间一直进行的动作，说话时未必在做
C.现在进行时表将来
2.标志词：
（1）时间类：
（2）情景类：
3.考点
(1)用现在进行时表示将来
We are going to England for a holiday.
(2)一般不用进行时的词：
(3)现在进行时与等连用，表示一定的感情色彩如厌烦，抱怨，惊喜，赞成等。
☆ 过去进行时
1.定义
A.表示过去精确时间正在进行的动作：He was having breakfast at 6 yesterday morning.
B.表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作：He was writing a book last year.
2.标志词
3.考点：
when 与while 的特殊句型
★表示一个持续的动作发生过程中闯入另外一个动作：
（长动作）+ when + （短动作）I was watching TV when she came in.
★表示过去的两个同时发生的动作：
+ while +
I was writing while my mother was cooking.
★ 现在完成时
1.定义:
I saw it yesterday.
2.标志词:
3.考点:
(1)不与for, since, how long 连用。
(2)have/has been to & have/has gone to & have/has been in: have/has been to:
☆ 过去完成时
1.定义
表示某动作在过去某一时刻之前就已经完成了，所以在时间上含有“”之意。例子：The lecture did not begin until everyone had arrived.
直到每个人都到齐，演讲才开始。
2.标志词
动词语态
☆基本构成:
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．书面表达
假如你是英语俱乐部的Cathy,上周五你们收到了外教Angel为同学们网购的英文书籍。俱乐部的同学们很喜欢网购图书这种便捷的方式，并打算在本周五交流读书后的感受。请你根据以下信息, 给Angel写一封电子邮件，告诉她俱乐部的活动情况，并说说网购图书的好处。
写作要点：
1表达收到图书后的喜悦与感激之情。
2介绍活动的情况：
（l）上周五，俱乐部成员们一起读英文书。
（2）本周五的下午3点，大家将共同交流读书的体会。
（3）同学们将在下个月网购其他的英文书。
3说一说网上购书有什么好处。
写作要求：
1不得使用真实的姓名和学校名。
2可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯。
3字迹工整、语言精练、表达准确、条理清晰。
4至少80词。
Dear Angel,
How are you doing?
Best wishes!
Yours,
Cathy
【答案】Dear Angel,
How are you doing? I’m writing to tell you that we received the books that you bought for us. We are grateful to you and all of us are very happy。
Last Friday，we had a reading party, which was held on Friday in our reading room. Then we are going to hold an activity to share the feeling with others at 3:00 on Friday afternoon. All of us are fond of buying books on the Internet. We are going to buy some books on the Internet next month. As far as I am concerned, on the one hand, the books on the Internet are cheaper than those in the bookstore. On the other hand, there are all kinds of books, so we needn’t go from one bookstore to another .
Best wishes!
Yours,
Cathy 【解析】
【详解】
本文属于材料作文，向外教介绍俱乐部中读书交流会的活动，并且告诉外教同学们现在喜欢网购图书并阐述网购图书的好处。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。
亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，特别使用一些亮点词句，如bought sth for sb, be grateful to, be going to do, share sth with sb, be fond of, as far as I am concerned, on the one hand...on the other hand, from to以及we had a reading party,which was held on Friday in our reading room 中which引导非限制性定语从句。增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。
【点睛】
写作时可以从以下几个方面做起：
认真审题。审好题是写好书面表达的关键。审题时要注意试题的要求，抓住要点，词数符合要求。
构思提纲。有了提纲，我们就可以根据提纲和主题确定相关的写作材料。通常书面表达给出的话题是开放的，而具体的内容要求学生自己发挥，因此选择恰当的素材也是使短文中心突出、明确的关键。
初写短文。一切都准备就绪，就可以动笔写作了，在写作的过程中我们要注意句子的准确性、连贯性以及简洁性。使用的词语、短语及句型尽量用自己有把握的词。同时还要注意使用恰当的连词，使句子衔接自然。
修改润色。修改润色是获取高分的必要步骤。这一步我们除了检查短文的各种错误外，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，格式是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。
3．书面表达
以“我是…… 的一员”为题，写一篇80-100字的短文，标点符号不占格。提示：你可以作为任意兴趣小组或社团的一员，或者作为家庭、班级、社区的一员，写出你的经历、感受等。内容可以包括以下几方面：
Are you glad to be a member of...?
What do you do in it?
How do you feel as such a member?
I’m a member of... (请将题目自行补充完整，已给的单词不计入总词数)
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ________
【答案】I’m a Member of the Singing and Dancing Club
Hello, everyone! I’m very glad I'm a member o f the Singing and Dancing Club. I have been in this club for 2 years. I’m an actor in the club. Many students in our school have joined the club, so I also have made a lot of friends.We have many activities on campus.Each week,we have two times of training. I sing and dance with my classmates on weekends. Though I am very tired, but I am always happy when I dance.All the members in the club are just brothers and sisters. I like this club very much.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇给材料作文。要求以“我是…… 的一员”为题，写一篇短文。首先考生需要把题目补充完整，然后根据所给出的材料提示，动笔写作。文章时态主要用一般现在时和现在完成时，人称主要用第一人称。在写作时，注意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。
【点睛】
首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；同时注意语句要通顺，词汇书写无误，不要出现语法错误。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。
4．俗话说，国有国法，家有家规。家规是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分。我们的国家主席习近平多次强调良好家风家规的重要性。假如你是李华，请你根据以下表格内的要点提示，并结合你的家庭实际情况，给你的英国笔友Sam写一封信，向他介绍一下你的家
规，并向他展示一个温情智慧的中国家庭。
要点提示：
写作要求:
1.文章须包括所给内容要求，可适当发挥，使行文流畅、通顺；
2.省略号部分请各用2-3句话作适当发挥；
3.词数90左右。文章的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sam,
Haven’t written to you for a lo ng time! As you know, family rules are an important part of our Chinese traditional culture. Today I’m writing to tell you something about my family rules.
There are many rules that we have to follow.
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________
What about you? Do you have any family rules? I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon!
Yours,
Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sam,
Haven’t written to you for a long time! As you know, family rules are an important part of you Chinese traditional culture. Today I’m writing to tell you something about my family rules.
There are many rules that we have to follow. First, you should respect the old and love the young. You are also supposed to be kind to other. Next, it’s a good habit to be honest and keep your words. What’s more, you should keep studying , go to bed and get up on time. You mustn’t stay up too late.
In my opini on, every family must keep rules and children shouldn’t develop bad habits, like telling
lies and be rude to others. We should be strict with ourselves.
The family rules also make a great difference to me. I learn to think about others’ feelings and Chinese traditional culture.
What about you? Do you have any family rules? I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon! Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【详解】
本文属于材料作文，向山姆介绍你的家规并向他展示一个温情的中国家庭。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。
亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，特别使用一些亮点词句，如be supposed to, be kind to, keep your words, what’s more, in one’s opinion, develop bad habits, be rude to, be strict with, make a difference to以及it is a good habit to be honest中it作形式主语。增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。
【点睛】
写作时可以从以下几个方面做起：
认真审题。审好题是写好书面表达的关键。审题时要注意试题的要求，抓住要点，词数符合要求。
构思提纲。有了提纲，我们就可以根据提纲和主题确定相关的写作材料。通常书面表达给出的话题是开放的，而具体的内容要求学生自己发挥，因此选择恰当的素材也是使短文中心突出、明确的关键。
初写短文。一切都准备就绪，就可以动笔写作了，在写作的过程中我们要注意句子的准确性、连贯性以及简洁性。使用的词语、短语及句型尽量用自己有把握的词。同时还要注意使用恰当的连词，使句子衔接自然。
修改润色。修改润色是获取高分的必要步骤。这一步我们除了检查短文的各种错误外，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，格式是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。
5．马上就要毕业了, 班里的同学都在讨论应该如何庆祝初中毕业。以下是你的三位朋友的想法和理由。请用英语简要介绍他们的打算，并谈谈自己独特的想法。
为父母煮一餐饭;
感谢他们的付出
--Tom
做义工;
证明自己长大了，有能力帮助他人
---Cathy
举行聚会; 放松心情、开心一下
--Jane
…….;
……
--You
注意：
1．词数在80左右。（短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数）
2．短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当增加细节。行文连贯，表达清楚，书写规范。3．不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。
提示词：义工volunteer(n.)
These days, students in our class are discussing how to celebrate our
graduation.______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
【答案】These days, students in our class are discussing how to celebrate our graduation. Here are some ideas from my friends.
Jane plans to hold a big party with her friends to relax and have fun. Tom will cook a big meal for his parents. He wants to thank them for what they have done for him. Cathy is going to be a volunteer. She wants to show others that she has grown up and is able to help those in need.
As for me, I will go traveling around with my friends. Traveling can not only enrich my knowledge but also leave me a good memory with my friends.
【解析】试题分析：这是一篇话题作文。本文给出了一些要点。仔细审阅题意，不要遗漏要点，并适当发挥。我们要做的就是用正确的英语把要点表达出来。根据材料内容可知本文主要是用一般将来时来写。写作中要适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系。
【写作亮点】这篇短文语句通顺，表达准确。特别一些固定句型和短语的运用，使文章增色，例如，plan to，not only …but also…等，上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系。学习中注意总结，牢记一些固定句式及短语,写作时就可以适当引用,使文章的表达更有逻辑性,更富有条理。
6．从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计人总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假如你是李华，明天下午2:00你要去参加“传统文化才艺展示”活动，因此不能上英语课。请用英文给你们的外教John写一张请假条，告诉他你要去干什么，为什么要参加这个活动以及你保证按时完成作业。
提示词语:traditional talent show, Chinese culture, ask, help
提示问题:.What will you do tomorrow afternoon?
Why will you take this activity?
How will you finish your homework?
Dear John,
I'm sorry to ask for absence from your English lesson.__________________
______________________________________________________________
Your loring student
Li lHua
题目②
一位好老师，胜过万卷书。在你的初中生活中，一定会有一位老师给你留下了深刻印象。某英文网站正在开展以“Thank you, my teacher”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，让更多的人认识你的老师，同时表达你对他/她的感激之情。主要内容包括: 哪位老师给你留下了深刻印象，发生了什么事使你印象深刻以及你想对他/她说些什么。
提示词语：kind, helpful，talk with，make progress
提示问题：Which teacher impressed you most?
What happened to make you impressed?
What do you want to say to him/her?
Thank you,my teacher
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
【答案】题目一：
Dear John,
I'm sorry to ask for absence fom your English lesson. I'm going to aend a traditional talent show at 2:00 tomorrow aftermoon.
In order to let the foreign students in our school know more about Chinese culture, our school holds this talent show. I will introduce Chinese painting in English.
I will ask my classmates to help me with my English. And I promise to finish my homework on time.
Your loring student
Li Hua
题目二：
Among all my teachers, my English teacher impressed me most. She is always kind and helpful. last year, I did badly in a big test and I found English too hard. As soon as she found out this, she talked with me and gave me some helpful advice. With her encouragement, I have made great progress.
I really want to say"Thank you for helping me. I love you!" to my English teacher.
【解析】
【详解】
、
题目①
本文是一篇应用文，作文要求写一张请假条，因此格式要遵循假条的格式。假条的内容——时间和事由均给出，结合提示问题可知假条主要从三个方面写，这三个方面需要作者自由发挥一部分内容。
本例文是一篇应用文，人称为第一人称，时态是以一般将来时为主。例文分成三段，根据提示问题，每段成一行，这种写法条理清晰，分段明确。
高分亮点：ask for；absence from；一般将来时；in order to；help sb with sth；promise to do；on time。
题目②
题目二是一篇话题作文，根据话题可知这是一篇感谢老师的文章。人称应该为第一人称。注意给出的提示问题，文章要包含这三部分的内容。
本例文以第一人称书写，时态主要是一般过去时和一般现在时。文章第一段介绍“我”要感谢的老师，第二段用一般过去时介绍为什么“我”要感谢老师，第三段表达“我”的感谢。分段明确，语句简洁不啰嗦，时态运用合理。
高分亮点：Among all my teachers；did badly in；As soon as；found out；talked with；现在完成时；want to do sth。
7．“友善”是一种美德，它犹如阳光和雨露照耀并滋润着美德的形成。同学们，请奉献你的友善，为创建和谐社会做出贡献。
某英文网站正在开展以“友善待人、快乐生活”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈生活中你对他人提供善意帮助的经历。主要内容包括:你对友善行为的认识和理解，你平时做哪些友善的事情，以及你这样做的美好愿望。
提示词语:kind，politely, trouble, offer, proud，society
提示问题:What do you think of showing kindness to others?
How do you help them kindly in your daily life?
What do you dream about being kind to them?
It's our duty to show kindness to others around us.
_________________________________________________
【答案】It’s our duty to show kindness to others around us. I think everyone should be kind to each other. When someone is in trouble, we’ll give a hand politely. In our community, I try my best to help the neighbors and take care of the old people at weekends as a volunteer. At school, I get on well with my classmates and help them with their lessons. I also send my books and clothes to the children who live in poor areas. I’m very proud I have made many friends by helping others in need.
I believe our society will become better and better if everyone shows kindness to each other.【解析】
【详解】
本文属于话题作文，谈谈生活中你对他人提供善意帮助的经历。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。
亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，特别使用一些亮点词句，如be kind to, each other, be in trouble, give a hand, try one’s best to do, take care of, get on well with, help sb with等。增强逻辑关系，增加上下文意思连贯，用词准确，句子通顺，行文连贯。
8．“书山有路勤为径, 学海无涯苦作舟”, 成功不会从天而降, 美好的未来需要靠不断努力来创造?
某英文网站正在开展以“天道酬勤” 为主题的征文活动?假如你是李华, 请用英文写一篇短文投稿, 讲述你通过勤奋, 取得进步甚至成功的经历, 并谈谈你的感受?
提示词语: diligence (勤奋), make progress, effort, proud
提示问题: ? What did you achieve by working hard?
? What did you do to make it?
? How did you feel about it?
【答案】Diligence is a must for us to reach our goals. I never realized it until I tried every effort to win the English speech competition last year.
It was quite a big challenge for me because I was not that confident about my oral English and I was shy to speak in public. To give a better performance, I made full use of my spare time to prepare for it. I recorded my lines and asked my foreign teacher to correct my pronunciation. Then I kept practising day and night. Besides, I seized every chance to speak in front of my family or friends. The more I practised, the more confident I became. In the end, I won the competition and got a prize.
It was so great that all my efforts paid off.I felt so proud of myself.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇话题作文，根据材料中的相关信息介绍一下你通过勤奋, 取得进步甚至成功的经历。所提供的材料中列举了“书山有路勤为径, 学海无涯苦作舟”, 成功不会从天而降, 美好的未来需要靠不断努力来创造。主要从：你努力工作取得了什么成绩？?你是怎么做到的？?你觉得怎么样？这几个方面去介绍。时态为一般过去时，人称为第一人称。注意作文中必须包含材料和提示词的所有信息，并适当发挥。写作时，避免使用汉语式的英语，尽量使用我们熟悉的句子或短语。语法要正确，表达要符合英语习惯，注意时态、时间状语的搭
配及主谓一致问题。写作中适当使用连词，注意上下文联系紧密，符合逻辑关系，表达具有条理性。
【高分句型一】
It was quite a big challenge for me because I was not that confident about my oral English and I was shy to speak in public. 这对我来说是一个很大的挑战，因为我对自己的英语口语没有那么自信，在公共场合说话也很害羞。
句子because I was not that confident about my oral English and I was shy to speak in public.是由because引导的原因状语从句。
【高分句型二】
The more I practised, the more confident I became. 我练习得越多，就越自信。
这句话用到了“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。表示“越……，就越……”的意思。
9．书面表达
A small thing
提示：请根据所给题目“A small thing”写一篇英语短文，记叙一件你经历过的小事。
要求：1.语言流畅，书写规范，卷面整洁，词数100左右；
2. 文中不得使用你的真实姓名，校名，否则以零分计。
【答案】A small thing
It was a sunny and warm day. My father told me he would teach me how to ride a bike. I was so happy at first. However, I fell down on the ground. I cried loudly and wanted to gives up. My father smiled and said we should be a person who never give up. He encouraged me to stand up and continue. After one hour, I could ride the bike without the help of my father.
This is one small thing that I will never forget. It tells me that although we will have all kinds of difficulties in our life, we should never give up.
【解析】
【详解】
本文要记述自己经历过的一件小事, 在时态上用一般过去时。本篇文章,首先开篇点题,指出事情发生的时间及所经历的事件。It was a sunny and warm day. My father told me he would teach me how to ride a bike.中间部分叙述了时间发生的经过，词语at first，However,…. After one hour,的使用使整篇文章浑然一体。最后一段是从这件小事中得出的感悟，It tells me that although we will have all kinds of difficulties in our life, we should never give up. 对这件小事进行了总结，更使文章在思想上得到了升华。文章时态使用正确，表达准确，事件本身思路清晰，是一篇不错的文章。
【点睛】
认真审题，看清题目要求，在描述事件时，要注意清晰表达事情发生的开端，内容及结
尾。必要时要适当使用连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅，文章最后注意对整个故事进行总结，最好能够从故事中得出自己的感悟，在叙述故事的同时使文章具有思想性。写完文章后注意检查有误单词拼写错误，语法使用错误，字数是否达到要求。