The influence of mining exploitation on environment and the solution of the disposal of solid waste residue By the year of 2012, China has 8557 State-owned mining enterprises and over 200 thousands individually owned enterprises. The area of destroyed land in mining area adds up to 29 thousand km^2 and grows at the rate of 2% each year (Liao L-P, Gao.H and Yu X-J, 2012). The mining industry has scored tremendous achievements, but meanwhile it threatens the environment. Some individually owned enterprises lack the awareness of environmental protection and take no preventive measure to lower their cost. Furthermore, out-of-date equipment and poor technology cause huge waste in production, which cause serious environmental pollution.
The destruction on land resources
Strip mining and the piling of tailings and waste residue occupies and destroys large land. In china, the waste-occupied land in mining area adds up to 59 thousand km^2 and the resulting deforestation area adds up to 11 thousand km^2 (Ma X-Q, Huang B-L, 2010). Strip mining can result in the destruction of land surface and Land Subsidence and accelerate the water and soil losses. According to official statistics, by the year of 2011, in the mining area of western China, the Soil erosion area annually increases 20 km^2.
The increase of the risk of geological disaster
The construction of mining engineering can significantly change the landform in mining area. Digging to a certain depth will threaten the stability of hillside and easily induce some geological disasters, such as landslip, collapse, debris flow, surface subsidence and even earthquake (Cao F-G, 2007). For example, 4 tons of water will be drained off when 1 ton of coal is mined. The loss of groundwater exerts huge pressure on earthcrust (Gibowicz, 1999). In China, there are nearly 2000 sinkholes and the collapse area adds up to 1150 km^2. Almost 40 of the mining cities in China have Cave-in accident, which threatens the life of mine operators and cause heavy property loss, about 120 million dollars on average each year.
The influence on water resource
Deep mining engineering will influence the surface water resources and groundwater resources. Excessive groundwater extraction can cause the drop of water level, some problems on water supply and land subsidence (Auclair AD, 2008). The quality surface water will decrease and the course of river might be changed. In some drought region，the drop of groundwater level can lead to the death of land vegetation (Becker M, 2005). More seriously, huge amounts of industrial water are required to
support over exploitation in mineral-abundant region and most of the water is drawn from agricultural water, which interferes the agricultural production (Shi X-H, 2009). The loss of biodiversity
Soil degradation, environmental pollution, the emission of waste and vegetation clearing are fatal to the biodiversity in mining area. After the loss of biodiversity, some high-resistant species can still inhabit the abandoned land in mining area, but because of the barren soil and the deficiency of microorganism activity, the recovery of ecosystem usually need 10-50 years (Xiao H-L, 2011). The loss of biodiversity in some damaged ecosystems is even irreversible.
The solution of the disposal of solid waste residue
Solid waste residue is the biggest polluter in mining area and the disposal of it still plagues the government and mining enterprises, so it deserves a separate discussion. The heavy metal ion in solid waste is the most harmful substance. Once contacting water source, these ions will dissolve, making the water corrosive and toxic, and it is very difficult to extract them from the water (FAO, 2004).
High technology offers two new methods to solve this problem. One is microorganism technology. The removal of heavy metal ions by microorganism is a new applicable technique. V arious types of biomass, including bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae have been evaluated for their heavy metal uptake properties. The most prominent features of biosorption are the use of low cost biomass material and the high efficiency of some biomass to uptake heavy metals in very low concentration (Jose T.Matheickal, 2001).
Another one is new corrosion-resisting clay. This kind of clay is toughened, innocuous and environmental-friendly. In the process of disposing the waste residue, the clay will be first made into mud. The clay mud covers the surface of waste residue and after it dries out, the clay will become a waterproof layer and can resist the corrosion of any substance in the soil. Then the waste residue can be sequestered underground safely (Moore, 2005).
However, Zhu.J.J has pointed out the possible resistance of the implementation of these methods. There is a lack of related Professional Staff. Disposing the waste residue in high-tech methods will increase the cost of enterprises (Zhu J-J, 2009). What’s more, some individually-owned enterprises are even ignorant of the importance of environmental protection, so they may be completely uninterested in these handling methods .
Summary and Tips
Along with the enhancing of the people's awareness of the environment，the environmental management has become indispensable in the development of mining industry. Some relative rules, regulations, and standards show be put on to establish a more rational Working mechanism. If the development condition of the mining industry improves, the mining enterprises will no longer pursue profit at the cost of environment.
References
Auclair AD. (2008). A case stury of forest decline in western Canada and the adjacent United States. Water, Air and Soil pollution 53(2): 23-31.
Becker M. (2005). Silver fir decline in the V osges mountains: Role of climate and natural culture. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 48: 77-80
Cao F-G. (2007). Hunan Geology Science & Technology 21(2): 29-31(in Chinese) FAO. (2004). State of the World’s Chemical Industry, 2009. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 15(10): 195-196
Gibowicz. (1999). Magnitude and energy of subterranean shocks in Upper Silesia.
The Earth's Interior Structure 32(7): 14-15
Jose T.Matheickal. (2001). Removal of Heavy Metal Ion from Wastewater by Using Biosorbents from Marine Algae. Chinese Journal of Chemistry 9(2): 133-136 Liao L-P, Gao H, Yu X-J (2012). Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 11(2): 61-64 (in Chinese)
Ma X-Q, Huang B-L. (2010). A study on self-poisoning effects of Chinese fir plantation. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University 24(1): 12-16
Moore.(2005). Changes in structure and composition of modern Industrial raw materials.Modern Industry Management 208(1/3): 223-225
Shi X-H. (2009). Rain and its influence on environmental ecosystem. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University 21(1): 109-114(in Chinese)
Xiao H-L. (2011). Increased soil temperature and forest decline. Tropical Subtropical Soil Science 4(4): 246-249(in Chinese)
Zhu J-J. (2009). A review on fundamental studies of secondary forest management.
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 13(12): 168-169
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Article Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong William Kilpatrick Many of today 's young people have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension （ 道德层 面 ） to their actions. There are a number of reasons why that 's true, but none more prominent than a failed system of education that eschews （ 回避 ） teaching children the traditional moral values that bind Americans together as a society and a culture. That failed approach, called “decision - making, ” was introduced in schools 25 years ago. It tells children to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong. It replaced “character education. （ 品格教 育 ）” Character education didn 't ask children to reinvent the moral wheel （ 浪费时间重新发明早已存 在的道德标准）; instead, it encouraged them to practice habits of courage, justice and self-control. In the 1940s, when a character education approach prevailed, chewing gum; today they worry about robbery and rape. Decision-making curriculums pose thorny （ 棘手的 ） ethical dilemmas to students, with the impression that all morality is problematic and that all questions of right and wrong are in dispute. Youngsters are forced to question values and virtues they 've never acquired in the first place or upon which they have only a tenuous （ 薄弱的 ） hold. The assumption behind this method is that students will arrive at good moral conclusions if only they are given the chance. But the actual result is moral confusion. For example, a recent national study of 1,700 sixth- to ninth-graders revealed that a majority of boys considered rape to be acceptable under certain conditions. Astoundingly, many of the girls agreed. This kind of moral illiteracy is further encouraged by values-education （价值观教育 ） programs that are little more than courses in self-esteem （ 自尊 ）. These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won 't want to do anything wrong. But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely, that a child who has uncritical self-regard w ill conclude that he or she can 't do anything bad. Such naive self-acceptance results in large part from the non-directive （ 无指导性的 ）, non-judgmental （ 无是非观的 ）, as-long-as-you-feel-comfortable-with-your-choices mentality （ 思 想） that has pervaded （ 渗透） public education for the last two and one-half decades. Many of today 's drug education, sex education and values -education courses are based on the same 1960s philosophy that helped fuel the explosion in teen drug use and sexual activity in the first place. Meanwhile, while educators are still fiddling with （ 胡乱摆弄 ） outdated “feel - good ” approaches, New York, Washington, and Los Angeles are burning. Youngsters are leaving school believing that matters of right and wrong are always merely subjective. If you pass a stranger on the street and decide to murder him because you need money —if it feels right —you go with that feeling. Clearly, murder is not taught in our schools, but such a conclusion —just about any conclusion —can be reached and justified using the decision-making method. It is time to consign （ 寄出 ） the fads （风尚 ） of “decision - making ” and “non- judgmentalism ” to the ash heap of failed policies, and return to a proved method. Character education provides a much more realistic approach to moral formation. It is built on an understanding that we learn morality not by debating it but by practicing it. Sample teachers worried about students leaving them
Original: My neighbor's children love playing hide-and-seek as all children do, but no one imagine that a game they played last week would be reported in the local newspaper. One afternoon, they were playing in the vacant lot down the corner. Young Paul, who is only five years old, found the perfect place to hide. His sister, Natalie, had shut her eyes and was counting to ten when Paul noticed the storage mail box at the corner and saw that the metal door was standing open. The mailman had just taken out several sacks of mail and had carried them to his truck which was standing at the curb a few feet away. Paul climbed into the storage box and pulled the door closed so hard that it locked. Soon realizing what he had done, he became frightened and started crying. Meanwhile, Natalie was looking for him everywhere but could not find him. It was lucky that she happened to pause at the corner for a minute and heard her brother's cries. She immediately ran to tell the mailman who hurried back from his truck to unlock the metal door. Paul was now free, but he had had such a bad scare that he could not stop crying. The mailman, however, soon found a way of making him laugh again. He told him that the next time he wanted to hide in a mail box, he should remember to put a stamp on himself! Summary: The children were playing hide-and-seek in a vacant lot one afternoon. Finding that the storage mailbox had been left open, Paul hid and locked himself in it accidentally. His sister, Natalie, heard his cries and realized where he was hiding, so she immediately told the mailman to unlock the metal door. After letting him out, the mailman made him stop crying by telling him to put a stamp on himself the next he wanted to hide in a mailbox. Original: Why do some animals die out? In the past two hundred years people have caused many kinds of animals to die out--to become extinct. People keep building houses and factories in fields and woods. As they spread over the land, they destroy animals' homes. If the animals can't find a place to live, they die out. Sixteen kinds of Hawaiian birds have become extinct for this reason. Other animals, such as the Florida Key deer, may soon die out because they are losing their homes.Hunters have caused some animals to become extinct, too. In the last century, hunters killed all the passenger pigeons in North America and most of the buffalos. Today they are fast killing off hawks and wolves. Pollution is killing many animals today, too. As rivers become polluted, fish are poisoned. Many die. Birds that eat the poisoned fish can't lay strong, healthy eggs. New birds aren’t born. So far, no animals have become extinct because of pollution. But some, such as the bald eagle and the brown pelican, have become rare and may die out. Scientists think that some animals become extinct because of changes in climate. The places where they live become hotter or cooler, drier or wetter. The food that they eat cannot grow there any more. If the animals can't learn to eat something else, they die. Dinosaurs may have died out for this reason. Summary:
英文申请书范文 Dear Sir or Madam： I am writing to apply for admission to your university to pursue my M.S. degree. I have read the annual prospectus issued by your university and found that it has the best graduate program of chemistry. I am greatly interested in the program. I graduated in 2004 from Huabei University，majoring in Chemistry and holding a B. S. degree. At university， I took many fundamental courses in Chemistry and my English is excellent as I had served as the head of English Association for two years. Since then I have been teaching Chemistry in Beijing Normal University. Through my teaching experience，I have not only deepened my understanding in this field， but mastered many complicated research skills as well. Two of my former professors and the present dean of our department have kindly written letters of recommendation for me， as enclosed with this letter. Thank you very much. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely yours， Li Ming
The Basic Elements of Appreciating English Poetry 1.What is poetry? ?Poetry is the expression of Impassioned feeling in language. ?“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility.” ?“Poetry, in a general sense, may be defined to be the expression of the imagination.” ?Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty. ?Poetry is the image of man and nature. ?“诗言志，歌咏言。” ---《虞书》 ?“诗言志之所以也。在心为志，发言为诗。情动于中而行于言，言之不足，则嗟叹之；嗟叹之不足，故咏歌之；咏歌之不足，不知手之舞之，足之蹈之也。情发于声；声成文，谓之音。” ---《诗·大序》 ?“诗是由诗人对外界所引起的感觉，注入了思想与情感，而凝结了形象，终于被表现出来的一种‘完成’的艺术。” ---艾青：《诗论》 2.The Sound System of English Poetry a. The prosodic features ?Prosody (韵律)---the study of the rhythm, pause, tempo, stress and pitch features of a language. ?Chinese poetry is syllable-timed, English poetry is stress-timed. ?Stress: The prosody of English poetry is realized by stress. One stressed syllable always comes together with one or more unstressed syllables. eg. Tiger, /tiger, /burning /bright In the /forest /of the/ night, What im/mortal /hand or /eye Could frame thy/ fearful /symme/try? ---W. Blake Length: it can produce some rhetorical and artistic effect. eg. The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea, The Ploughman homeward plods his weary way, And leaves the world to darkness and to me. ---Thomas Gray Long vowels and diphthongs make the poem slow, emotional and solemn; short vowels quick, passionate, tense and exciting. Pause: it serves for the rhythm and musicality of poetry. b. Meter or measure (格律) poem---stanza/strophe---line/verse---foot---arsis + thesis; Meter or measure refers to the formation way of stressed and
代理申请书格式英文 上海影格电子科技有限公司 地址:上海普陀区光新路128弄阳光大厦4号1305室电话:021-5169-7209传真:5169-7209拔分机2 代理申请书 authorizeddealerapplication 产品名称(productname): 第一部分:公司一般资料 sectionone-companygeneralinformation 1．公司全称（fullnameofcompany）: 2．公司详细地址(fulladdressofcompany): 3．电话号码(telephonenumber): 4．传真号码(faxnumber): 5．负责人(personincharge): 职位(title): 6．联络人(contactperson): 财务/会计(finance/accounting): 职位(title): 工程/客户服务(engineering/customerservices): 职位(title):
订货/运输(orderadministration/shipment): 职位(title): 7．员工人数(numberofemployee): 第1页 第二部分:公司商务 上海影格电子科技有限公司 地址:上海普陀区光新路128弄阳光大厦4号1305室电话:021-5169-7209传真:5169-7209拔分机2sectiontwo–companybusiness 8．申请代理地区及领域(areayouwanttocover): 9．目前是否代理其他产品(doyoucurrentlyrepresentingotherproducts): 10.若是，请列出公司名（ifyes,pleasegiveusthecompanynames） 11.公司开始业务多久（howlongthecompanyinbusiness） 12.公司主要业务为（whatisthecompany’sprinciplebusiness） 13.请列出目前与所申请的领域有业务关系的三家单位 (pleaselistthreemajorvendorsthecompanycurrentlyapplyingth ebusiness): 1. 2.
一篇英语summary范文英语Summary写第一步：阅读 A.认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。 B.给摘要起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。主题句往往出现在文章的开头或结尾。一个好标题有助于确定文章的中心思想。 C.现在，就该决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。 D.简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括摘要重要的东西。 第二步：动手写作 A. 摘要应该只有原文的三分之一或四分之一长。因此首先数一下原文的字数，然后除以三，得到一个数字。摘要的字数可以少于这个数字，但是千万不能超过这个数字。
B. 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。 C. 应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序。这样你就不必重新组织观点、事实。 D. 摘要必须全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便你的读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 E. 写摘要时可以采用下列几种小技巧： 1) 删除细节。只保留主要观点。 2) 选择一至两个例子。原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 3) 把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十个句子，那么你只要把它们变成一两句即可。 4) 避免重复。在原文中，为了强调某个主题，可能会重复论证说明。但是这在摘要中是不能使用的。应该删除那些突出强调的重述句。
5) 压缩长的句子。如下列两例： “His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” 可以概括为：”He was very brave in battle.” “He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.”可以概括为：“He was in financial difficulties.” 6) 你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子： “Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.”
读写任务概要（summary）写作指导 30字概要的基本四大技巧： Skill1: Omit (省略) the details Skill2: Omit the examples Skill3: Use general(概括性) words instead of specific(具体的) words Skill4: Put the main points of a dialogue in indirect speech (间接引语，第三人称) 第一类：记叙文 （1）记叙文的概要, 一般包括记叙文的六个要素(who; when; where; what; how; why), 也就是考生应先通读阅读短文，找出这六个要素,然后用自己的话将这六个要素串成一两句话即可。当然, 不一定每篇记叙文都包含这六个要素,但“某人做了某事, 结果如何”是应当包括的。因此, 要写好概要, 需找到以下两个问题的答案：1）谁做了什么？(who did what) 2）结果如何？(what was the result) ☆特别提醒：如果是夹叙夹议的文章，还要找主题句或利用“写作内容”给出的提示，写出故事给我们的启示、教育或其中的一个道理。 （2）记叙文概要的参考模版： The story is about …, from which (启示）...... The passage mainly tells us that …, which shows that（启示）...... The author thinks / points out / tells us / holds the view that …, through w hich（启示）...... According to the article, we know that … We can see from the text … As can be seen from the text, … [例文]阅读下面短文, 然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 When Sam first got to his boarding school with his parents, he was very happy. He thought he would be able to go home every weekend. When he was told he would not, he started crying because the thought of not seeing his parents was driving him crazy. He was given uniforms and all other things that he would need for the term. He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave. He was then taken to the dorm, where he saw other children happy. He tried as much as he could to fit in but could not because his mind was at home. He started feeling homesick(想家)and wanted to go home as soon as possible. He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food. He could not concentrate in the classroom. All he could think was being at home with his family. He had no mobile phone or other means to get in touch with his parents. He was angry and felt lonely. He thought his parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school. ［写作内容］1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容； 2. 以约120个词讲述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的经历。 [解题过程] 第一步, 根据［写作内容2］, 快速获取大意。解题前, 可以通过［写作内容2］和材料文体,快速准确地把握阅读材料的主要内容并形成概要的基本框架。如本题阅读［写作内容2］,并扫视材料可知是记叙文, 于是可推知,本文的概要框架应是：Sam想家的时间、地点、原因、影响和结果。 第二步：阅读材料，回答以下两个问题。 (1) 谁做了什么？__ (2) 结果如何？ 第三步：用自己的话将其串联起来： ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ [巩固训练]阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 Who says honesty is dead? Last Tuesday morning Alan Reed, a student, was at the bank. He asked to take out 50 yuan but the bank clerk mistakenly gave him five twenties instead of five tens. For a few seconds he wondered what to do. Should he give the extra money back? Keep it? If he kept it, he could buy several new books,, or he could take his friend Alice to a fancy dinner. Probably no one would ever notice. But then he looked at the clerk. She was a middle-aged woman with a sweet face, and she reminded him of his mother. She had been nice to him, and she looked pressureed ( 有压力的）. Then it occurred to him that the lady would probably get in trouble. Worst of all, Alan felt, he would probably feel shameful about keeping the extra cash. So Alan gave back the extra money. The bank clerk was so impressed that someone was honest enough to return money not rightfully his that she contacted the newspaper. So there you have it. What would you have done if you had been in Alan's situation? （概要） ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二类：说明文 我们根据说明文的不同类型, 分别给出三种参考模板： 1. 描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象+性质功用+利好”： (In the passage) the writer introduces... (对象)to us, especially its...(性质或功用), from which we know...(对象带来的利好). 2. 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。即“问题+解决方法”： The passage tells us...(问题), including...(方法1), ...(方法2)and...(方法3). 3. 介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即“现象+原因+结果”： (The author/writer said/talks about)...(现象)of..., because /but...(原因/本质1),and... (原因/本质2). ☆特别提醒：在高考读写任务中, 多为说明某种社会现象的说明文。 [例文]阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括该文的主要内容。 Imagine entering a very large building and you have no idea how to get to the office you are looking for. But then as you’re standing there a nearly silent balloon floats over to you and speaks to you. It asks you where you want to go. You tel l it and then it simply says “follow me” like a child’s game and begins to float off in the direction of yo ur destination. It keeps going as you follow leading you to where you want to go. The guide works itself without any help from any human being. It says hello to people as they arrive in the building, speaks to them, processes their requests and then guides them to the destination. The balloon has two tiny fans to help keep it floating and to provide just a touch of lift. Onboard is a wireless receiver for receiving directions from a computer that directs the fans and sensors that let it know where objects are around it. The idea of such a simple robot is one that has been on the minds of scientists for years and has been mentioned in novels many times. Today the iPhone does something similar but has to be connected to the Internet which is sometimes difficult. This is why this little balloon might be the wave of the future ----because it is so much easier to follow .
英语诗歌以其独特的文体形式充分调动、发挥语言的各种潜能，使之具有特殊的感染力。读来隽永，富有音韵美。下面是是由带来的关于经典英文诗歌，欢迎阅读! 【篇一】关于经典英文诗歌赏析 I Started Early - Took My Dog Emily Dickinson (1830-86) I started Early - Took my Dog And visited the Sea The Mermaids in the Basement Came out to look at me And Frigates - in the Upper Floor Extended Hempen Hands Presuming Me to be a Mouse Aground - upon the Sands But no Man moved Me - till the Tide Went past my simple Shoe And past my Apron - and my Belt And past my Bodice - too And made as He would eat me up As wholly as a Dew Upon a Dandelion's Sleeve And then - I started - too And He - He followed - close behind I felt His Silver Heel Upon my Ankle - Then my Shoes
Would overflow with Pearl Until We met the Solid Town No One He seemed to know And bowing - with a Mighty look At me - The Sea withdrew 【篇二】关于经典英文诗歌赏析 The Wild Swans At Coole William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) The trees are in their autumn beauty, The woodland paths are dry, Under the October twilight the water Mirror a still sky; Upon the brimming water among the stones Are nine-and-fifty swans. The nineteenth autumn has come upon me Since I first made my count; I saw, before I had well finished, All suddenly mount And scatter wheeling in great broken rings Upon their clamorous wings. I have looked upon those brilliant creatures, And now my heart is sore. All's changed since I, hearing at twilight, The first time on this shore,