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计算机专业英语(第2版) (6)

Chapter Ⅵ

Section ⅠKey Words

Internet protocols 因特网协议组

nonproprietary a. 非私人所有的，开放性的

communicate [ ????◆???????] vi.&vt. 通信

LAN 局域网

WAN 广域网

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 传输控制协议

IP (Internet Protocol) 网际协议

Electronic Mail 电子邮件

DARPA(Defense Advanced Research 美国国防部高级研究计划署

Projects Agency)

facilitate [?????●?????] vt. 使……更容易，促进

dissimilar [???????●?] a. 不同的，相异的

ChapterⅥNetwork Technology and Web Design Tools heterogeneous [ ??????◆?????????] a. 不同种类的，相异的

fund [????] vt. 资助，投资

RFCs (Request For Comments) Internet标准草案

refinement [???????????] n. 精致，修订

illustrate [ ?●???????] vt. &vi. 举例说明，图解；举例

map [???] vt .&n. 绘图，地图

OSI 开放式系统互联参考模型

packet [ ?????] n. 信息包，数据包

responsibility [????????????●???] n. 任务，责任

datagram n. 自带寻址信息的，独立地从数据源行

走到目的地的数据包

fragmentation [ ??????????????] n. 分解

reassembly n. 重新组装

MTU(Maximum-Transmission Unit) 最大传输单元

application layer 应用层

presentation layer 表示层

session layer 会话层

transport layer 运输层

network layer 网络层

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计算机专业英语（第2版）

link layer 链路层

physical layer 物理层

Syntax

1. The Internet protocol suite not only includes lower-layer protocols (such as TCP and IP), but it also specifies common applications such as electronic mail, terminal emulation, and file transfer.

【分析】the Internet protocol suite相当于the Internet protocols，意思都是因特网协议组，由一系列协议组成；not only but(also)…是一个固定词组，意思是“不仅……而且……”；electronic mail即E-mail（电子邮件）。

【句意】因特网协议组不仅包括低层的协议(例如TCP和IP协议)，而且详细说明了一些普通的应用程序，例如：电子邮件、模拟终端机和文件传输。

2. Internet protocols were first developed in the mid-1970s, when the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) became interested in establishing a packet-switched network that would facilitate communication between dissimilar computer systems at research institutions.

【分析】the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)是一家早期从事网络研究的机构，全称是美国国防部高级研究计划署；become/be interested in是一个固定词组，意思是“对……感兴趣”；packet-switched的意思是“分组交换”；facilitate是一个动词，意思是“促进，使……容易”，相当于make something easy；dissimilar是similar的反义词，意思是“不同的”，英文中很多单词加前缀dis-就变成了反义词，例如：agree（同意），disagree（反对）。

【句意】因特网协议组在20世纪70年代中期提出，当时美国国防部高级研究计划署想建立一个分组交换网，该网络使研究机构中不同计算机系统之间的通信变得更容易。

3. To illustrate the scope of the Internet protocols, maps many of the protocols of the Internet protocol suite and their corresponding OSI layers.

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ChapterⅥNetwork Technology and Web Design Tools 【分析】illustrate是一个动词，原来的意思是“详细说明，举例说明”，这里翻译成“详细说明”；map既可以作动词也可以作名词，这里作为动词，意思是“绘图”；OSI是Open System Interconnect Reference Model的简写，意思是“开放式系统互联参考模型”，是一个将网络进行分层的系统模型。

【句意】为了详细说明因特网协议组的结构，我们将因特网协议组中的许多协议和它们相应的OSI 层次结构进行了绘图。

Section ⅡKey Words

correspond to 与……一致/对应

stream data transfer 流数据传输

full-duplex operation n. 全双工操作

multiplexing [ ??●???●?????] n. 复用技术

unstructured [????????????] a. 无结构的，无组织的

chop…into…把……分解为……

group…into…把……组合为……

pass…to…把……交给……

connection-oriented a. 面向连接的

end-to-end a. 端到端的

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计算机专业英语（第2版）

indicate [ ????????] vt. 指示，暗示

destination [ ????????????] n. 目的

source [????] n. 源

acknowledge [?????●???] vt. 确认，承认

retransmit [ ????????????] vt. 重新传送

delayed [???●???] a. 延时的

duplicate [ ??◆??●?????] a. 重复的

misread [????????] a. 读错的

acknowledgement [?????●???????] n. 确认

overflow [ ?◆????●?◆] vi. &vt.&n. 溢出

simultaneous [ ????●????????] a. 同时发生的，并发的conversation [ ????????????] n. 会话

connection-oriented session 面向连接的会话

three-way handshake mechanism 三次握手机制

synchronize [ ??????????] vt. 使同步

initial sequence number 初始序列号

guarantee [ ?????????] vt. &n. 确保，保证

randomly adv. 随机地，随便地track [????] vt. 追踪，跟踪106

ChapterⅥNetwork Technology and Web Design Tools proceed [????????] vi. 进行，继续下去

forward acknowledgment 前向确认

detect [???????] vt. 发现，侦查，检测，探测

Syntax

1. TCP corresponds to the transport layer (Layer 4) of the OSI reference model. Among the services TCP provides are stream data transfer, reliability, efficient flow control, full-duplex operation, and multiplexing.

【分析】词组correspond to原意是“与……一致”，这里翻译成“处于，位于”更为恰当；full-duplex operation和multiplexing是两个计算机词汇，意思分别是“全双工操作”和复用“技术”；among the services TCP provides are stream data transfer, reliability, efficient flow control, full-duplex operation, and multiplexing是一个倒装语法结构，among the services TCP provides是一个介词短语放在句首，句子的真正主语是stream data transfer, reliability, efficient flow control, full-duplex operation, and multiplexing。

【句意】传输控制协议处于OSI参考模型的运输层（第四层）。传输控制协议所提供的服务包括数据流传输、可靠性高效的流控制、全双工操作和复用技术。

2. TCP offers reliability by providing connection-oriented, end-to-end reliable packet delivery through an internet work. It does this by sequencing bytes with a forwarding acknowledgement number that indicates to the destination the next byte the source expects to receive.

【分析】connection-oriented, end-to-end 的意思分别是“面向连接的”和“端到端的”；forwarding的意思是“转发的”，这里翻译为“前向”；acknowledgement是计算机网络中的一个重要词汇，意思是“确认帧”；destination和source分别表示“数据目的”和“数据源”。

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计算机专业英语（第2版）

【句意】传输控制协议的可靠性在于它可以在互联网上提供以面向连接的端到端数据包的可靠传输，它是通过一连串有序的字节和一个前向确认帧实现这一功能的，这些前向确认帧指示了源地址希望接收的下一个字节的目的地址。

3. A three-way handshake synchronizes both ends of a connection by allowing both sides to agree upon initial sequence numbers. This mechanism also guarantees that both sides are ready to transmit data and know that the other side is ready to transmit as well.

【分析】A three-way handshake是网络术语，翻译成“三次握手机制”，该机制的工作原理在本文中的最后一段进行了详细的描述；guarantee既可以作动词也可以作名词，这里翻译成“保证”；词组be ready to的意思是“准备好做某事”；This mechanism also guarantees that both sides are ready to transmit data and know that the other side is ready to transmit as well句中实际上包含了两个宾语从句。

【句意】“三次握手机制”通过对连接的双方对对方发送过来的初始化序列号进行确认而实现双方的同步操作。这种机制也确保连接的双方已都准备好发送数据，同时也知道另一方也已作好准备。

Section ⅢKey Words

web site 网站

combination [ ] n. 组合，综合，合并

visual layout 可视化的版面设计

clean-coded a. 纯代码的

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ChapterⅥNetwork Technology and Web Design Tools customizable a. 可用户化的，可自定义的

interface [ ????????????] n. 界面，接口

sophisticated [??????????????] a. 精美的，老练的，老于世故的

render [ ?????] vt. 美化，粉饰

intricate [ ????????] a. 复杂的

site style properties 网站风格道具

built-in graphics editor 内置的图形编辑器

resize [???????] vt. 调整大小

minor [ ?????] a. 较小的，小幅度的

flexibility [ ?●???????●???] n. 灵活性，适应性

HTML (HTML) 超文本标记语言

ASP (Active Server Page) 动态服务器主页

JSP (Java Server Page) Java 服务器端网页

PHP 一种新型的CGI网络程序编程语言

leverage [ ●????????] vt. &n 提升，杠杆作用

FTP 文件传输协议

encrypt [????????] vt. 加密

unauthorized [ ????????????] a. 未经授权的，未获认可的

paste [?????] vt. 粘贴

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计算机英语第三版课文翻译

第一单元：计算机与计算机科学课文A：计算机概览一、引言计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数字数据进行运算或对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。要不是由于计算机的发展，现代的高科技世界是不可能产生的。不同类型和大小的计算机在整个社会被用于存储和处理各种数据，从保密政府文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。计算机通过自动化技术开辟了制造业的新纪元，而且它们也增强了现代通信系统的性能。在几乎每一个研究和应用技术领域，从构建宇宙模型到产生明天的气象报告，计算机都是必要的工具，并且它们的应用本身就开辟了人们推测的新领域。数据库服务和计算机网络使各种各样的信息源可供使用。同样的先进技术也使侵犯个人隐私和商业秘密成为可能。计算机犯罪已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。二、历史第一台加法机是法国科学家、数学家和哲学家布莱斯.帕斯卡于1642年设计的，它是数字计算机的先驱。这个装置使用了一系列带有10个齿的轮子，每个齿代表从0到9的一个数字。轮子互相连接，从而通过按照正确的齿数向前转动轮子，就可以将数字彼此相加。17世纪70 年代，德国哲学家和数学家戈特弗里德.威廉.莱布尼兹对这台机器进行了改良，设计了一台也能做乘法的机器。法国发明家约瑟夫―玛丽.雅卡尔，在设计自动织机时，使用了穿孔的薄木板来控制复杂图案的编织。在19世纪80年代期间，美国统计学家赫尔曼.何勒里斯，想出了使用类似雅卡尔的木板那样的穿孔卡片来处理数据的主意。通过使用一种将穿孔卡片从电触点上移过的系统，他得以为1890年的美国人口普查汇编统计信息。 1、分析机也是在19世纪，英国数学家和发明家查尔斯.巴比奇，提出了现代数字计算机的原理。他构想出旨在处理复杂数学题的若干机器，如差分机。许多历史学家认为，巴比奇及其合伙人，数学家奥古斯塔.埃达.拜伦，是现代数字计算机的真正先驱。巴比奇的设计之一，分析机，具有现代计算机的许多特征。它有一个以一叠穿孔卡片的形式存在的输入流、一个保存数据的“仓库”、一个进行算术运算的“工厂”和一个产生永久性纪录的打印机。巴比奇未能将这个想法付诸实践，尽管在那个时代它在技术上很可能是可行的。 2、早期的计算机模拟计算机是19世纪末开始制造的。早期型号是靠转动的轴和齿轮来进行计算的。用任何其他方法都难以计算的方程近似数值，可以用这样的机器来求得。开尔文勋爵制造了一台机械潮汐预报器，这实际上就是一台专用模拟计算机。第一次和第二次世界大战期间，机械模拟计算系统，以及后来的电动模拟计算系统，在潜艇上被用作鱼雷航线预测器，在飞机上被用作轰炸瞄准具的控制器。有人还设计了另一个系统，用于预测密西西比河流域春天的洪水。 3、电子计算机第二次世界大战期间，以伦敦北面的布莱切利公园为工作地点的一组科学家和数学家，制造了最早的全电子数字计算机之一：“巨人”。到1943年12月，这个包含了1500个真空管的“巨人”开始运转了。它被以艾伦.图灵为首的小组用于破译德国用恩尼格码加密的无线电报，他们的尝试大部分是成功的。除此而外，在美国，约翰.阿塔纳索夫和克利福德.贝里早在1939年就在艾奥瓦州立学院

计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案

计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案
计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案 Unit 1 [Ex 1] Fb5E2RGbCAP [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10.
memoryp1EanqFDPw 3. central processing unit memoryDXDiTa9E3d 5. keyboard; [Ex 3] B. A. central processing unit; 1. F 2. D 2. monitor 3. G 4. C 5. B main memory; 6. A 7. E monitorRTCrpUDGiT 8. H5PCzVD7HxA 4. internal; primary;
1. user
3. data
4. keyboard
5. data processingjLBHrnAILg
6. information [Ex 4] instructions
7. computer
8. memory 3. manipulates 4.
1. input device 2. screen, screen 5. retrievexHAQX74J0X 8. Function
6. code 7. hard copy
[Ex. 5] 新处理器开始 IT 技术的新时代 New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their
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计算机专业英语教程(第四版)习题答案解析

计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案 Unit 1 [Ex 1] 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; memory 3. central processing unit 4. internal; primary; memory 5. keyboard; central processing unit; main memory; monitor [Ex 3] A. 1. F 2. D 3. G 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. E 8. H B. 1. user 2. monitor 3. data 4. keyboard 5. data processing 6. information 7. computer 8. memory [Ex 4] 1. input device 2. screen, screen 3. manipulates 4. instructions 5. retrieve 6. code 7. hard copy 8. Function [Ex. 5] 新处理器开始IT技术的新时代 New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their presence opens a new era in the field of IT technologies and means that the cloud technology is getting closer. These processors are primarily designed for servers, data centers (DPC) and supercomputers. The emergence of this class of devices is not accidental. According to the regional director of Intel in Russia and other CIS states Dmitri Konash who spoke at the event, the market of IT-technology is developing so rapidly that, according to forecasts, by 2015 there will be 15 billion devices connected to the Internet, and over 3 billion of active users. 上周，英特尔公司向俄罗斯和其它独联体国家的公众推出了英特尔Xeon E5-2600系列处理器，它们更加强大可靠，尤其是在能量消耗方面更加经济实惠。它们的问世意味着IT技术领域开始了一个新时代，标志着云技术距离我们越来越近。这些处理器主要是为服务器、数字处理中心和超级计算机设计的。这种处理器的出现并非偶然。根据英特尔公司俄罗斯和其他独联体地区负责人Dmitri Konash就此事发表的看法，IT技术市场的发展速度极快，根据预测，到2015年与英特网连接的设施将有150亿，用户超过30亿。 [Ex 6] 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F Unit 2 [Ex 1] 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F [Ex 2] 1. sizes, shapes, processing capabilities

计算机专业英语的课文与翻译

Unit 8 Computer Networking Text 1 Data Communications The end equipment can be computers, printers, keyboards, CRTs, and so on.They are either generates the digital information for transmission or uses the received digital data. This equipment generally operates digital information internally in word units. DTE is data terminal equipment. A station controller (STACO)is the corresponding unit at the secondaries. At one time, the DTE was the last piece of equipment that belonged to the subscriber in a data link system. Between the DTEs, first is the modem, and then is the communications equipment. The communication equipment is owned and maintained by Telco. Data communications equipment (DCE) accepts the serial data stream from the DTE. And DCE converts it to some form of analog signal suitable for transmission on voice-grade lines. At the receive end, the DCE performs the reverse function. It converts the received analog signal to a serial digital data stream. The simplest form of DCE is a modem (modulator/demodulator) or data set. At the transmit end, the modem can be considered a form of digital-to-analog converter.While at the receive end, it can be considered a form of analog-to-digital converter. 参考译文数据通信终端设备可以是计算机、打印机、键盘、CRT等。它们可以生成要发送的数字信息，也可以使用所接收的数字数据。这种设备通常在内部以字为单位处理数字信息。 DTE一般称为数据终端设备。辅助设备一方的相应设备是工作站控制器（STACO）。同时，DTE也是数据链路系统中属于用户端的最后一个设备。在两个DTE之间，先是调制解调器，接着是属于Telco电话公司维护的通信设备。数据通信设备（DCE）从DTE接收串行数据流，并将其转换成适合于在语音线路上发送的某种模拟信号形式。在接收端，DCE完成相反的功能，把接收到的模拟信号转换成串行数字数据流。最简单的DCE是调制解调器或数据传送机。在发送端，调制解调器可以视为一种数/模转换器，而在接收端则可视为一种模／数转换器。 Text 2 Architecture of Computer Networks Computer network is a complex unit, it consists of two or more connected computing units. It is used for the purpose of data communication and resource sharing. Design of a network and its logical structure should comply with a set of design principles. They include: the organization of functions, the description of data formats and procedure. In the following two sections we will discuss two important network architectures, the OSI reference model and the TCP/IP reference model. (1)the OSI reference model The OSI (open systems interconnection) model was created by the ISO. This model is a foundation for comparing protocols; However, more protocols deviate from the rules set up by the OSI model. The OSI model has seven layers. Note that the OSI model itself is not a network architecture.

计算机专业英语习题+答案

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