Business English Correspondence
Chapter one
Useful words & Expressions
1.have obtained your name and address
from
2.take the liberty of
3.fall within the scope of
4.to be transferred to…for attention/be
passed on to…
5.take this opportunity to do sth.and see if
we can…https://www.doczj.com/doc/a114202809.html,mercial counsellor
7.catalogue
8.importer and export
9.chamber of commerce
10.enquiry
11.price list
12.article number
Exercise (Page27 VI)
Shanghai Light Industrial Products Corp
11 Jiefang Road
Shanghai
Tel: 021——43715589
October 28,2010
The Pacific trading Inc
87 Broadway ST
New York,104080
Dear Sirs,
Thank you for your interest in our products.In reply to your request,we enclose our illustrated catalogue and a pricelist showing details of our products.
We look forward to hearing from you.
Yours truly,
Wang Xiang
Enc as stated.
Chapter Two
Useful words & Expressions
1.enclosed please find…
2.illustrated catalogue
3.for your information/reference
4.specialize in
5.with a view to
6.rock-bottom price
7.draw attention to
8.as a rule
9.corporation incorporation firm
company
10.owe one’s name and address to
11.be in the market for
12.avail oneself of
13.by joint efforts
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a114202809.html,e under the scope of our trade
activities
15.be in a position to 16.joint venture
17.be of interest to
18.upon receipt of
19.available for
20.be now available from stock
Exercise (Page50 VII)
offer under upon receipt of enter through know enjoy acquaint in the market for learn fall/come effort
We ＿＿from the Chamber of Commerce that you are ＿＿silk products. Since this article ＿＿within the scope of our business activities, we take this opportunity to express our wish to ＿＿into business relations with you.
Good Luck brand silk products are ＿＿for their good quality and fine workmanship. They have enjoyed great popularity in the U.S.market. We are sure that ＿＿our joint ＿＿they will ＿＿fast sale in your market.
In order to ＿＿you with our products, we are airmailing to you ＿＿separate cover several brochures together with a price list. ＿＿your specific inquiry, we shall send you our＿＿without delay.
Chapter Three
Useful words & Expressions
1.be in the market for
2.in a variety of
3.at what price per yard
4.upon/on …terms
5.in duplicate
6.in triplicate
7.in quadruplicate
8. a full range of sample 9.call on sb
10.appeal to
11.selective buyer
12.place an order with sb
13.by separate post/mail under separate
cover
14.invite/call/draw/direct one’s attention to
Exercise (Page67 II)
2. We are interested in400 sets of〝Five Rams〞bicycles and shall be pleased to have your best offer by telex on CIF Hamburg basis,including our 5% commission.
我方拟购400辆你公司经营的“五羊”牌自行车，请电开最优惠CIF汉堡价，包括给我方的5%的佣金。
3. We should be grateful if you would quto your lowest price for the captioned goods. When offering, please indicate packing conditions and the earliest possible date of delivery and send us the product manual.
请报标题商品最低价。报盘时，请说明包装情况及最早装运期，并请寄商品说明书。
4. When your representative called on us last month, he showed us some samples of your new textiles products. Can you supply the same for the moment?
上个月你方代表来访时，出示了一些新的纺织样品，现是否可供？
5. We have sent you by airmail some samples. We are sure after you have examined them you are certain to agree that our products are excellent in quality and reasonable in price.
我们另邮寄样品一批，深信一旦你们有机会查看样品，定会承认该货品质优良，价格合理。
8. We have learned from Messers.ABC & Co. that you can supply Fruits and Nuts. We shall be appreciated if you can quote your best price on CFR Hamburg basis. When quoting, please state packing method and the earliest possible date of delivery.
从ABC公司得知你方能供水果和干果，情报最优惠的成本加运费到汉堡价。报价时，请说明包装情况及最早交货期。
Chapter Four
Useful words & Expressions
1.place regular orders with sb
2.mass-producted goods
3.repeated orders
4.irrevocable L/C
5.at sight
6.be subject to
7.as follows
8.pamphlet/brochure/booklet
9.get in touch with
10.as per confirmation copy enclosed 11.be in position to do…=be able to do…
12.in our favor=in favor of us
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a114202809.html,psed/overdue过期valid有效期
14.as requested
15.in due course
16.in three equal monthly installments
17.trail order
18.await sb’s reply=wait for sb’s reply
19.be glad to do
20.non-firm offer虚盘firm offer实盘
Exercise (Page84 II)
1.We have confirmed telexing you the firm offer for the following goods, subject to your reply
reaching here by August 10th.
我们确认已向你方电传下列商品的实盘，以8月10日前复到为有效。
2.We are very pleased to know that there is a great demand for Groundnut Kernels in your
market. We enclose a copy of our Order No.3841 for your reference.
欣悉你地市场对花生仁有很大需求，兹附上3841号报价单一份，供你方参考。
3.In reply to your fax of June 10th asking us to offer for Blanket No.23, we are now confirming
offering you on the following items by fax on June 2nd without engagement.
你方6月10日来电要求我们报第23号毯子。现确认我方于6月2日电报向你方报盘如下，该报盘不受约束。
4.Thank you for your letter of July 10th. But we regret to say that your price is on the high side
and that there is no possibility of business.
你方7月10日来函，谢谢。很遗憾，你方价格偏高，无法成交。
5.We are now making you an offer for 20M/Ts of Bitter Apricot Kernels at￥5000 per metric
ton CIF EMP for prompt shipment.
兹报20公吨苦杏仁，每吨￥5000 CIF欧洲主要口岸价，即装。
6.We have approached our clients and their reply is that they cannot accept your offer unless
you make a discount of 5% on the price you quoted.
我们已经与客户联系，他们答复说不能接受你方报盘，除非你方按所报价格打5%的折扣。
7.I can promise you that, if you buy our product, you will be getting quality. We spend a lot of
money to make sure that our quality is much better. We don't sacrifice quality for quick profits.
我可以向你保证，如果你买了我们的产品，就会得到好的品质。我们投入了大量的资金
来确保质量的一流。我们不会为了即期利润而有损质量。
8.I'm interested in all kinds of your products, but this time I would like to order some fireworks
and mosquito coil incense. Please quote us C.I.F. Rangoon. I'm going to place a trail order for 1000 units of a dozen fireworks and 500 cartons of mosquito coil incense.
我对你们所有的产品都感兴趣，但这次我想购买烟火和蚊香。请报CIF仰光到岸价，我们打算试订一千打烟火和五百箱蚊香。
9.Your price is reasonable but I wonder if you would give us a discount. You konw for the
products like yours we usually get 2% or 3% discount from European suppliers.
你方的价格合理，但我想知道你们能否打个折？像这样的商品，我们通常从欧洲供货商那里得到2%~3%的折扣。
10.This is our office block. We have all the administrative departments there. Down there is the
research and development section. That's the warehouse. We keep a stock of the faster moving items so that urgent ordrs can be met quickly from stock.
这是我们的办公大楼，我们所有的行政部门都在这里。那边是研发部。那边是仓库，存放周转快递货物，这样有急的订货时，就可以立刻交货。
(Page85 VI)
Commondity: Shirts for men
Specifications: 10 assortments with new design of black, white and green colors (detailed in catalogue)
Quality: the cotton used is superior quality
Price: FOB Guangzhou US$18 to 45 according to various designs.
Payment: by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit payable by draft at sight to be opened 30 days before the time of shipment.
Packing: at the seller's option
Shipment: (in) May
Chapter Five
Useful words & Expressions
as reguards
on condition that
come to business/come to terms/close a deal/put the deal through
considering=in view of
D/P=documents against payment
Shipping instructions
see one’s way to do…
take out
insure…for the invoice value plus 10% usual practice
extra premium
in large quantities/considerable quatity favourable price/terms
to withdraw an offer
to extend an offer
entertain your counteroffer
to renew an offer/to reinstate an offer to deline/turn down an offer
Exercise (Page100 II)
1.We are inform you that we are in position to supply you with “forever”Brand bicycles,which
have already met with a warm reception abroad.
兹通知你方，我方现能够向你们提供“永久”牌自行车，该自行车在国外有良好的销路。
2.All items we have offered are made of very best quality leather and can be supplied in a
range of designs and colors to meet the requirements of fashionable trade at your end.
我方所报商品都是用优质皮革制作的，可提供各种式样和颜色以满足你地市场对时髦的需求。
3.We wish to draw your attention to the fact that the goods under the captioned Sales
Confirmation have been ready for shipment.
我方想提请你方注意：上列销售确认书下的货物早已备妥待运。
4.Owing to the reasons stated above, we are unable to effect shipment in January as required.
由于上述理由，我方不能按照要求在1月份完成装运。
(Page104 VII)
Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars.
1.回复对方3月10日关于1000台松下彩电的来信。
2.对价格和装运期满意，但要求变更支付方式。
3.以前用的都是不可撤销的保兑信用证付款，花费很大。
4.资金吃紧达四个月，再加上银行前所未有的高利率，资金问题特别突出。
5.建议对方接受“货到后凭单付款”或者“见票60天期的汇票”付款。
Dear Sirs,
We thank you for your quotation March 10 for 1,000 sets of Panasonic color TV. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms.
Our past purchase of other household electrical applicances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedlly high bank interes
In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 day’s sight”.
Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated.
Yours sincerely,
Chapter Six
Useful words & Expressions
1.Sales Confirmation
2.countersign counter-sign
3.please be rest assure that
4.lot/parcel 一批货
5.for one’s account
6.initial consignment
Exercise (Page119 II)
1.Thank you for your letter of March 11 and your Order No.C2/32 attached there to.
谢谢你方3月11日的来信及所附的第C2/32号订单。
2.Although the current market price is rather high, we accept the order on the same terms as
before with a view to encouraging business.
尽管目前报价偏高，但是为了促进今后业务的发展，我们仍将按照过去的条件接受你方订单。
3.Enclosed is our S/C No.AG-9460 in duplicate, one copy of which please sign return to us for
our file.
随函寄去我方第AG-9460号销售确认书一式两份，请签字后返回我方一份以便存档。
4.We have received your letter of July 20,2011 together with an order for 1000 Sewing
Machines. Enclosed please find our S/C No. 345 in duplicate, one copy of which please countersigh and return to us for our file.
贵公司2011年7月20日的1000台电动缝纫机订单已收到。兹附寄第345号销售合同一式两份，请签退一份以便存档。
(Page120 VI)
Put the following letter into english.
我们已收到我方向你方订购50吨核桃仁的第5623号合同书。现随函附寄我方回签的合同一式两份，请查收。由于双方的共同努力，我们能弥补这个差价并达成交易。
伦敦中国银行已开出以你方为受益人的有关信用证。该证将准时到达你方。
关于所需的额外数量，我们希望你方尽力给以报盘。为供参考，我们愿订80吨。Dear Sirs,
We have duly received your Sales Contract No. 5623 covering 50 tons of Walnut meat we have booked with you. Enclosed please find the duplicate with our counter-signature. Thanks to mutual efforts, we were able to bridge the price gap and put the deal through.
The relative L/C has been established with the Bank of China, London, in your favor. It will reach you in due course.
Regarding future quantities required, we hop you will see your way clear to make us an offer. As an indication, we are prepared to order 80 tons.
Yours faithfully,
Chapter Seven
Useful words & Expressions
1.as a rule=according to customs=as
usual=on principle
2.tie-up
3.particularly taxing
4.be conducive to
5.exceed credit limit
6.within the agreed limit
7.forward a cheque
8.be adjusted as
9.remittance
10.further to
11.outstanding
12.reimbursement 13.credit the difference of $550
14.proforma invoice
15.draw a 60 day’s draft/bill
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a114202809.html,mercial invoice
17.insurance certificate
18.good prospects
19.count on
20.on one’s own account
21.standing
22.exceptionally
23.sell well
24. a goog sale
25.approach sb further
Exercise (Page141 II)
1.Please note that payment is to be made by confirmed, irrevocable L/C allowing partial
shipment and transhipment, available by draft at sight.
请注意，付款是以保兑的、不可撤销的、允许分装和转船、见票即付的信用证支付。2.Our usual mode of payment is by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit, available by draft at
sight for the full amount of the invoice value to be established in our favor through a bank acceptable to us .
我们的付款方式，一般是以保兑的、不可撤销的、以我公司为受益人的、按发票金额见票即付的信用证支付。该信用证应通过我们认可的银行开出。
3.It has been our usual practice to do business with payment by D/P at sight instead of by L/C.
We should, therefore, like you to accept D/P terms for this transaction and future ones.
我们通常用即期付款交单而不用信用证。因此，我们希望你对这笔交易和今后的交易也接受即期付款交单方式。
4.Your proposal for payment by time draft for Order No. 1156 is acceptable to us, and we shall
draw on you at 60 days' sight after the goods have been shipped. Please honor our draft when it falls due.
对你方1156号订单，我们可以接受你们所提出的用远期汇票支付的建议。货物装船后，我们将会向你方开出60天期的汇票，请到期即付。
5.In order to pave the way for your pushing the sale of our products in your market, we will
accept payment by D/P at sight as a special accommodation.
为了给你方在市场推销我方产品铺平道路，我方将接受即期付款交单方式付款，以示特别照顾。
6.As to your Order No…. please telex L/C immediately so that we can arrange shipment.
关于你们第××号订单，请即电开证以使我们安排装运。
7.Please amend the Credit as requested, otherwise we cannot negotiate our draft
请按照要求修改信用证，否则我们无法议付汇票。.
8.In reimbursement of these extra expense, please draw on us.
为偿还这些额外费用，请开汇票向我方支付。
(Page142 (Page141 VII)
我们已接到你方2月9日的来信，要求我们以承兑交单的方式发运你方一批茶具。
众所周知，我们的货款必须是可保兑的、不可撤销的、凭即期汇票支付的信用证付款，因此，我们很难接受你们的这一要求。但鉴于你方尽力推销我方产品的良好愿望，我们例外地接受60天即期汇票的信用证。我们相信我们的这一特别照顾一定能使你方作出有利的决定。
等候你们的回音，以便进一步磋商。
Dear Sir,
We've received you letter of 9th February, asking us to send you a shipment of Tea Sets for sale on D/A term.
As is known to all, our payment must be made against sight draft under a confirmed, irrevocable Letter of Credit for the amount. Therefore we regret we cannot accept your request. But in view of your goodwill of pushing the sale of our products, we can exceptionally accept the payment by L/C at 60 days' sight draft.
We trust that the special accommodation given to you will enable you to make a favorable decision.
We are awaiting your reply for further consultation. Yours sincerely
Chapter Eight
Useful words & Expressions
do one's utmost to do…… 竭尽全力做……see to it that 务必做到，保证in accordance with 与……一致
valid until…… 有效期至……
steamer/vessel 轮船
few and far between 稀少的
more often than not 常常open the L/C regarding ……针对……开立信用证
up till now 至今
remind sb sth 提醒某人注意某事
It is a pity that …… 很遗憾……
behoove 理应；对……有必要otherwise unchanged 他条款不变
Exercise (Page175 V)
1.We find it necessary to request you to amend your L/C to read ' transshipment is allowed',
otherwise the delivery of this order will by force be delayed beyond the contractural date.
我们认为有必要请你们将信用证改为允许转船，否则交货势必延误而超过合同规定日期。
2.As the amount in our Order No. … does not exceed $1000 and the opening of an L/C will
involve a lot of expenses, please agree to payment by D/P.
我们第××号订单的金额没有超过1000美元，请同意以D/P方式支付，因开具信用证会给我们带来许多花费。
3.In order to avoid subsequent amendments, please pay your attention to the followings.
为了避免随后修改信用证，请你们务必注意下列事项。
4.As the amount of L/C No. 4048 is incorrect, please correct it to ￥4686, under advice to us.
第4048号信用证金额错误，请修改为4686美元，同时通知我方。
5.Becuase the shipping space is insufficient for 1000 metric tons of Soya Beans, we are unable
to advance shipment of the whole lot in October. Please amend the covering L/C to allow partial shipment.
10 000公吨大豆因舱位不够，无法提前全部在10月份装船，请修改信用证，允许分批
装运。
(Page176 VII)
收到你方6月28日来信，得悉你方对医用纱布有兴趣。很抱歉，所询19x15规格的纱布现已不再生产，兹附上最近上述规格的一些剪样，均有价格及规格，望你方从中挑选。货物可收到信用证后6周内装运。
按照你方来信所提要求，我们另邮寄目录一份，请你方特别注意滴10页至第15页，其中有关我方手术衣质量与规格的详细说明。我方将对你方感兴趣的该类商品寄送样品，并向你方的询盘将予以从速妥善办理。
Dear Sirs,
We have received your letter of June 28 and learned that you are interested in Absorbant Gauze. We are sorry to say that the Gauze of 19x15 enquired for is out of production at present, but some cuttings of the nearest are enclosed, each marked with price and specifications. We hope that you will make a choice from them. Shipment will be made within six weeks after receipt of your L/C.
As requested in your previous letter, we are forwarding separately a copy of our catalogue and
would draw your attention particularly to Pages 10 to 15, which describe fully the quality and specifications of our Surgical Dressings. We are always willing to send you samples of any kind that you may be interested in, and assure you that any enquiries you may send us shall have our careful and prompt attention.
We look forward to your reply soon.
Yours faithfully,
Chapter Nine
Useful words & Expressions
seaworthy export packing 适合海运的出口包装
beforehand 提前作好准备
pallet 货盘
FCL container 集装箱
stenciled 刷上
directive marks 指示性标语
footnote 脚注
find it inorder 确认无误
dimension 尺寸，规格
wrap 包
pad 给……装衬垫
scratch擦，刮
knock 碰撞
cubic meters 立方米
waterproof 防水
venthole 透气孔
in the case 在这种情况下condensation 冷凝
in regard to 关于
so as to 为了……，以便double gunny bag 双层麻袋
carton 硬纸盒，硬板箱、
in good condition 情况良好，完好；完好无缺
meet one's requirement 符合某人的要求sillful pilferage 惯偷
lining 衬里
compact 结实的，紧凑的
assure sb of sth 使某人确信某事
pass the information onto 转给……dampness 湿气
tear apart 扯开；把……弄乱/弄破compensation/indemnification补偿，赔偿deem 认为，视为主张
tacit 缄默的，心照不宣的
tacit understanding 默契
hold sb responsible for sth让某人对某事负责
candid 率直的，太坦白的
sensitive subject 敏感话题
Exercise (Page196 II)
1.The inside of the case may be lined with various materials to prevent damage by water, air or
insects.
箱内可以衬垫不同材料以防止水、空气或昆虫可能造成的损坏。
2.As you suggested, we have improved our inner packing to meet the customers' demand in
your market.
根据你方的建议，我们已改进了内包装，以满足你方市场消费是需求。
3.The fear that the insurance companies will say, in case of damager or pilferage, that the
goods are not packed for ocean transptation and will not pay compensation for such losses.
他们担心，万一货物受损或被盗，保险公司会因这批货物的包装不合适海运而不给予赔偿。
9.The packing of our Men's Shirts is each in a polybag, 5 dozen to a carton, lined with
waterproof paper in the inner side and two iron strip strengthened outside.
我们男衬衫的包装为每件套一盒，5打装一纸箱。内衬防潮纸，外打铁箍两道。(Page197 IV)
你方8月31日来函询问我方旅行剪刀的包装一事，今告知如下：
我们出口的旅行剪刀每盒装一打，每一纸板箱装100盒。尺码是17厘米高，30厘米宽，50厘米长，体积约0.026立方米，净重22.5千克，毛重23.5千克。纸板箱外的标记，除印刷有毛重、净重及皮重外，还须印刷有“中国人民共和国制造”字样。如你对标记有何特殊要求，请告知，我方当尽力满足。
顺便说一下，我们的剪刀以往一直是用木箱包装的，但经过多次试用纸板箱试装后，发现纸板箱同样适宜于海洋运输，且纸板箱价格较低，搬运较为轻便，运费也比较低廉，所以现在有更多客户宁愿要纸板箱包装而不要木箱包装。我们相信你方会同意我们的意见，接受纸板箱包装。
如能早日答复，不胜感激。
In reply to your letter of 31th August inquiring about the packing of our Trip Scissors, we wish to state as below:
Our export Trip Scissors are packed in boxed of one dozen each, 100 boxes to a carton. The dimensions are 17cm high, 30 cm wide and 50 cm long with a volume of about 0.026 cubic meters. The gross weight is 23.5k, while the net weight is 22.5kg, As to the shipping marks outside the carton, in addition to the gross, net weights and tare, the wording-MADE IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA is also stenciled on the package. Should you have any special preference in this respect, please let us know and we would meet you to the best of our ability.
Taking this opportunity, we would like to inform you that we used to pack our scissors in wooden cases but after several trial shipments in carton packing, we found our cartons just as seaworthy wooden cases. Besides, cartons are less expensive, lighter to carry and cost lower freight. So, nowadays more and more clients are preferring carton packing to wooden case packing . We trust that you will agree to our opinion and accept our carton packing.
We thank you in advance for your reply.
Yours faithfully,
Chapter Ten
Useful words & Expressions
as per 按照
advise sb of sth 通知某人某事
ETA= expected time of arrival 预计到达时间
flashlight 电筒
duplicate 副本
packing list 装箱单
availing oneselof 趁此机会
assure sb of sth 向某人保证某事
effect immediate shipment 立即安排装运consignment 装运的货物
order accordingly 相应地（向你方）订货liable to 易受spoil 变质
damp 潮湿
air-tight 不透气
water-tight 不漏水
lends its full benefit 利用（或发挥）其优点tariff 费率表
sail for your port 驶往你方港口Manufacturer's Certificate of Quality 厂家质量保证书
fill one's order 执行订单
local forwarding agent 运输代理商dock 码头
deceptive manner 欺诈行为
punctual 严守时刻的，准时的
it is abusrd to do sth做某事是无意义的remedy 补救办法
non-performance of the coutract 不能履行合同
at any cost 不惜一切代价
mandatory 强制性的
spoil one's reputation 玷污某人的名誉tramp run 不定期货轮
in light of experience 鉴于这样的经验fail one's expectation 使某人期望落空in no way 绝不会
dispatch 发出，派遣
special express 特快邮件
open L/C with China bank 由中国银行开出信用证
reserve the right 保留权利
lodge claims 提出索赔
definite reply 确切的答复
Exercise (Page218 IV)
1. We should be glad if you could manage to ship the goods by S.S East Wind sailing from July 1st.
2. Please ship the first lot number under Contract No.123 by S.S Long March scheduled to sail on or about May 2nd.
3. We shall appreciate it if you will effect shipment as soon as possible , thus enabling our buyers to cath the brisk demand at the start of the season.
4. We trustyou will see to it that the order is shipped with the stipulated time, as any delay would cause un no little inconvenience.
7. It's like this. There are only one or two ships sailing a month from New York to Osaka, while sailing from Hong Kong are quite frequent. If shipment were effect from Hong Kong, we could receive the goods much earlier.
9. Owing to heavy commitments, they cannot advance delivery from June to April but they understand perfecctly that July is the selling season for shirts in your market. They eventually agree to make delivery in mid-May.
(Page218 IV)
Dear Sirs
Your S/C No. 1234
Our L/C No. 9876
With reference to the previous exchange of letters covering the shipment under the captioned LC, up till now we have not got any news from you about the good. Please take good note of this matter.
We have told you in our previous letter that our customers are in urgent need of the goods and asked us to promise early delivery. In such circusmtance, it is very clear that we cannot extend the L/C any more. So we think we have the responsibility to mention you to pay more attention to the shipment of the goods.
All the parties in question hope you to arranage the shipment as soon as possible. We wish to fax us telling us how about of the shipment without delay.
(Page219 VI)
Dear Sirs,
Re: Cotton Jacquard Bath Towels
Thank you for your telex of June 13 and letter of June14 together with your Order Sheet No. 98561. We enclose our S/C No. FC 9789 in duplicate, a copy of which is to be returned to us after being countersigned by you.
We note that your Order stipulates direct shipment. As there are only a limited number of direct sails from here to Lagos, shipment will probably be delayed under that stipulation. It is desirable to have the goods transhipped at Hong Kong or elsewhere. For this reason, we would request you to allow transhippment in the relevant L/C so as to avoide subsequent amendments. Shipment will be effected within 30 days after receipt of your L/C.
Yours sincerely,
Chapter Eleven
Useful words & Expressions
S.S. =steamship 船运；海运
valid up to 有效期至…
see to it that 务必，确保
to cover insurance for 130%of the invoice value against All Risks按发票金额的130%投保一切险
customary practice 惯例
premium 保险费
WPA 水渍险
in the absence of definite instructions 没有接到明确指示前提下
breakage 易碎险
have due attention 及时办理serve one's purpose 满足某人的需求on sb's behalf 代表某人，为了某人approval 同意，批准
refund the premium 付清保费passenger liners 客轮
cargo liners 货轮
on…term 凭…条件
a special rate 特惠保率
Breakage Risk 破碎险
franchise 免赔率
split 裂开
receiver 收音机
take the matter up 提出要求处理
Exercise (Page233 III)
1.Please see to it that the above mentioned goods are to be shipped before 5th June and the
insurance is covered for 150% of the invoice value against All Risks. We know that according to your usual practice, you insure the goods only for 110% of the invoice value, therefore, the extra premium will be for our account.
2.We regret to inform you that Case No.8 was invoiced as containing 10 type writers, eight of
which were badly damaged upon arrival, we enclose an inspection certificate issued by the shanghai Commodity Inspection Bureau and the shipping agent's statement,we hope that no difficulty will arise in the settlement of our above claim amounting to US $13,000.
3.In the absence of your definite instructions regarding in surance, we covered your ordered
goods against W.P.A. for 110% of the invoice value according to our usual practice.
4.If you desire to cover your goods against All Risks, we can provide such coverage, but at a
slightly higher premium, the difference of which will be for your account.
5.We have covered insurance on these goods for 10% above the invoice value against All Risk.
6.As our usual practice, insurance covers basic risks only, at 110% of the invoice value. If
coverage against other risks is required, such as breakage, leakage, TPND, hook and contamination damages, the extra premium involved would be for the buyer's account.
(Page235 V)
We refer to Contract No CT101 signed on December 1st 2010 , under which we decided 3,000 M/Ts of Green Beans will be delivered in March, 2008 and be covered for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks. However, up till now we have not heard any news abount the delivery from you.
As our clients are in urgent need for the goods, please see to it that you should delive and insure the goods against All Risks with the time stipulated in the contract, or we will have to lodge a claim and reserve the right to cancel the contract.
(Page235 VI)
Dear Sirs,
We refer to our Purchase Confirmation No.111 for 5,000 M/Ts of Cotton. We are notifying that we have opened throught Bank of China a confirmed, irrevocable Letter of Credit No. 333, totaling USD 88000, the L/C shall remain in force till 31st December.
Please see to it that the above mentioned articles should be shipped before the end of December and the goods should be covered insurance for 130% of the invocie value against All Risks.
We know that according to your usual practice, you insure the goods only at invoice value plus 10%, therefore, the extra premium will be for our account.
Please arrange insurance as per our requirements, and we await your advice of shipment. Yours faithfully,
Chapter Twelve
Useful words & Expressions
to our disappointment 令我们失望repeatedly 一再
in an awkward position 十分为难
your continuous silence 你方长期莫不做声
consignee 收货人
as matter stand 实施情况是
due to your fault 由你方错误引起的
over-carried 超载
by the first available opportunity 从速
tide over the ebbing赶潮
tally men 理货人员
stowage intact 未能清理货物
20% of the packages 货物中的20% shatter 使破碎
dispatch 迅速的发出
voyages 旅行，航海
be obliged to 不得不做某事
hold responsiblity 负责任
be subject to a careful examination 经过仔细检验
find on grounds to compensate for 没有理由补偿
rest with 在于，取决于
sworn inspectors 过磅员
Weight Note 重量单
short weight 短量
reimburse 偿还
Exercise (Page251 III)
1.There has been so far no complaint of our packing.到目前为止，还没有人对我们的包装
提出过异议。
2.We are prepared to compensate you for the amount of￡161.40 for the loss you
sustained.对你方所遭受的损失，我方准备赔偿￡161.40。
3.The damage is obviously due to very rough handling, so you are requested to take up the
matter with the insurance company.很明显，货物损坏是由于十分粗鲁的搬运造成的，请将此问题向保险公司提出。
4.We are obliged to a claim against you for the loss we have sustained.
对于我方所遭受的损失，我方不得不向你方提出索赔。
5.We regret our inability to accept your claim because the goods were in apparent good
order and condition when they were loaded on board the ship.
很抱歉，我方不能接受你方的索赔，因为该货在装上船时外表是良好完整的。
7.Since the goods have been delivered on CIF basis, you are requested to refer the claim to
the insurance company concerned.
由于货物是以CIF条款交货的，请向保险公司索赔。
8.We register a claim for US$500 and enclose herewith a survey report issued by SCIB.
我们提出索赔500美元，并附上上海商检局的检验报告。
11.Not only have you been unpunctual in effecting shipment, but also the goods you
supplied are not up to the standard as well. We think it necessary for you to take measures to make up for the defects.
贵公司不仅没有按时装运该批货物，并且所供货物低于标准，我们认为你方必须采取措施以补救这些缺点。
(Page251 V)
Dear Sirs,
We are pleased to enclose a Credit Note. 985 for US$95 in full payment of your claim for damage to your Order No.105. We realize only too well that we cannot make up for the inconvience caused to you, but we will endeavor to satisfy and please you in every future transaction.
We have been making every effort to see to it that the quality of the goods shipped from our factory merits your confidence by giving the best service, but difficulties sometimes do arise in spite of all precautions to prevent them.
We again appreciate your cooperation and we are certain that our friendly relation will continue to develop as in the past.
高中数学新课标学习心得体会 通过对新课标的学习，本人有一些心得体会，现汇报如下： 一、课程的基本理念 总体目标中提出的数学知识（包括数学事实、数学活动经验）本人认为可以简单的这样表述：数学知识是“数与形以及演绎”的知识。 1、基本的数学思想 基本数学思想可以概括为三个方面：即“符号与变换的思想”、“集全与对应的思想”和“公理化与结构的思想”，这三者构成了数学思想的最高层次。基于这些基本思想，在具体的教学中要注意渗透，从低年级开始渗透，但不必要进行理论概括。而所谓数学方法则与数学思想互为表里、密切相关，两者都以一定的知识为基础，反过来又促进知识的深化及形成能力。 2、重视数学思维方法 高中数学应注重提高学生的数学思维能力。数学思维的特性：概括性、问题性、相似性。数学思维的结构和形式：结构是一个多因素的动态关联系统，可分成四个方面：数学思维的内容（材料与结果）、基本形式、操作手段（即思维方法）以及个性品质（包括智力与非智力因互素的临控等）；其基本形式可分为逻辑思维、形象思维和直觉思维三种类型。 3、应用数学的意识 增强应用数学的意识主要是指在教与学观念转变的前提下，突出主动学习、主动探究。 4、注重信息技术与数学课程的整合 高中数学课程应提倡实现信息技术与课程内容的有机整合，整合的基本原则是有利于学生认识数学的本质。在保证笔算训练的全体细致，尽可能的使用科学型计算器、各种数学教育技术平台，加强数学教学与信息技术的结合，鼓励学生运用计算机、计算器等进行探索和发现。 5、建立合理的科学的评价体系 高中数学课程应建立合理的科学的评价体系，包括评价理念、评价内容、评价形式评价体制等方面。既要关注学生的数学学习的结果，也要关注他们学习的过程；既要关注学生数学学习的水平，也要关注他们在数学活动中表现出来的情感态度的变化，在数学教育中，评价应建立多元化的目标，关注学生个性与潜能的发展。 二、课程设置
1、英文地址书写格式 英文地址格式和中文刚好相反，按地址单元从小大到的顺序从左到右书写，并且地址单元间以半角逗号分隔(,)，同时邮政编码可以直接写到地址中，其位置通常位于国家和省（州）之间，书写格式如下： xx室, xx号，xx路，xx区，xx市，xx省，xx国 下面我们看一个简单的例子： 上海市延安西路1882号东华大学186信箱（邮编：200051） Mailbox 186, 1882 W est Yan'an Rd., Donghua University, Shanghai 200051. 2、英文通信地址常用翻译 201室/房 Room 201 二单元 Unit 2 马塘村 Matang Vallage 一号楼/栋 Building 1 2号 No. 2 华为科技公司 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. xx公司 xx Corp. / xx Co., Ltd. 宿舍 Dormitory 厂 Factory 楼/层 Floor 酒楼/酒店 Hotel 住宅区/小区 Residential Quarter 县 County 甲/乙/丙/丁 A/B/C/D 镇 Town 巷/弄 Lane 市 City 路 Road（也简写作Rd.，注意后面的点不能省略） 一环路 1st Ring Road 省 Province(也简写作Prov.） 花园 Garden 院 Yard 街 Street/Avenue 大学 College/University 信箱 Mailbox 区 District A座 Suite A 广场 Square 州 State 大厦/写字楼 Tower/Center/Plaza
人教版高一英语必修1单词表 Unit 1 1.survey 调查；测验 2.add up 合计 3.upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 4.ignore不理睬；忽视 5.calm vt.&vi.（使）平静；（使）镇定adj.平静的；镇定的；沉着的calm...down（使）平静下来 6.have got to 不得不；必须 7.concern（使）担心；涉及；关系到n. 担心；关注；（利害）关系 8.be concerned about 关心；挂念 9.walk the dog 溜狗 10.loose adj 松的；松开的 11.vet 兽医 12.go through 经历；经受 13.Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹（荷兰首都） https://www.doczj.com/doc/a114202809.html,herlands 荷兰（西欧国家） 15.Jewish 犹太人的；犹太族的 16.German 德国的；德国人的；德语的。 17.Nazi 纳粹党人adj. 纳粹党的 18.set down 记下；放下；登记 19.series 连续，系列 a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套 20.outdoors在户外；在野外 21.spellbind 迷住；疑惑 22.on purpose 故意 23.in order to 为了 24.dusk 黄昏傍晚at dusk 在黄昏时刻 25.thunder vi 打雷雷鸣n. 雷，雷声 26.entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 27.entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地 28.power能力；力量；权力。 29.face to face 面对面地 30.curtain 窗帘；门帘；幕布 31.dusty adj 积满灰尘的 32.no longer /not …any longer 不再 33.partner 伙伴．合作者．合伙人 34.settle 安家；定居；停留vt 使定居；安排；解决 35.suffer vt &遭受；忍受经历suffer from 遭受；患病 36.loneliness 孤单寂寞 37.highway公路 38.recover痊愈；恢复 39.get/be tired of 对…厌烦 40.pack捆扎；包装打行李n 小包；包裹pack （sth ）up 将（东西）装箱打包
企业该如何有效的利用百科平台来做推广 随着互联网的普及，企业利用互联网做营销也在不断的上升中，很多中小企业看着互联网在不断的发展和成长，面对这一强势对于企业来说都是一块美味的奶油蛋糕，所以很多企业都在利用互联网这一优势做营销。然而企业想做好营销，前提则是做好企业的产品、网站、服务等信息的推广，对于推广方法来说每种方法都有独特的价值，对企业可以带来独特的营销推广。从数据上来看，当前很多企业都在利用百科平台来做推广，可想而知百科平台也是不错的推广平台，不然企业也不会这么的重视百科。 现在很多企业都在利用百科平台做推广，其实说白了就是一建立词条的形式进行宣传，从而为企业达到提升品牌和知名度以及企业的形象，大部分企业都认为百科的内容是很有权威度，用户也很相信百科上的内容，所以大力投入百科推广中。目前最主流的百科有百度百科、互动百科、腾讯百科、维基百科等，其中百度百科是市场上占有率最高的。 笔者认为，如果企业可以有效的利用百科并且长期坚持下去，相信在不久的将来会快速提升企业的权威性以及企业的形象。当然了，企业想要做好百科平台必须要先学会创建百科，其实百科推广是很简单的，要记住两点，第一是建立新的的词条、第二是编辑已有的词条，企业常用的则是建立新的词条，不过想通过审核并不容易。那么，笔者拿百度百科做说明，跟大家交流一下笔者的经验心得吧。
一、巧用百度百科的编辑助手 首先，巧用百度百科的编辑助手。理论上来说，企业创建的词条内容越专业那么通过率就越高，很多推广人员在编辑词条的时候都想创建一个高质量的词条，但始终无法实现，因此为此头疼。其实不必担心，推广员要擅长使用编辑助手，这款编辑助手是百度为我们提供的，而且这款功能是非常强大的，可以有效的辅助企业推广人员编辑词条，掌握编辑助手的方法也很简单，进入编辑页面后点击导航中的编辑助手即可，然后找到适合我们的分类。 例如：笔者现在要为企业编辑词条，笔者通过编辑助手去编辑，首先笔者打开百度百科进入创建词条页面之后再点击导航中的编辑助手，进入到目录模版，然后笔者根据企业要编辑的词条找到最适合的分类，然后笔者参考系统给出目录模版与示例词条进行编辑。 二、词条内容要有可读性不要有广告信息 其次，词条内容要有可读性不要有广告信息。不得不说百度的产品是最鄙视有广告的信息，百科也是一样，所以笔者特地强调一下不要带广告信息，在编辑的时候要多写一些有可读性的内容，而且词条的文字要具有一定的专业性，让用户看到内容之后觉得内容充满可读性，笔者的建议则是尽量制作一些知识型性的内容信息，一般企业名称、人名、产品名称都是比较好编辑的。一定要把词条做出价值来，不要胡编乱造不然不会通过的。
第二十一届《新课标英语考级教程》初中三、四、五级考试题型 注意：此题考级的试题核心重点严格贯彻2011年6月版《英语课程标准》的要求和规定。 第二十一届新课标英语等级测试全国统一试题(EGT初中三、四、五级)，本套试题总分120分，一共三部分—听力、笔试、口试。 第一部分为听力，分值为20分; 第二部分为基础知识与综合能力运用，分值为80分; 第三部分为口试，分值为20分。 全部答案都必须按要求在答题卡中相对应题号下填涂或书写，要求填涂正确、书写工整、清晰、规范，卷面清洁。 （考试只是手段，不是目的。所以能让学生在准备考试的过程中不断的提高才是考试的真正目的。不管是何种题型，都不该仅仅拘泥于对单个知识点的考查，而应考查学生在具体情境中运用所学英语知识与技能的综合语言运用能力。） 第Ⅰ卷听力占笔试20% （共20分每个小题1分） 一、听录音，从下面所给的选项中选择与句子内容相符的图片。每个对话读两遍。(共5分，每小题1分) 备注：难度递进，5级句子只读一遍。 e.g. （C）1. A. B. C.
录音原文：1. T om is reading. 评析 此题型要求学生听句子选择与句子描述相符合的图片。可以考查学生看图想其英语表达，听音联系其英文表达，达到通过一个题目考查学生三种能力的目的。注意在选图时，所使用的图画要清晰明了。尽量避免因学生的生活经验或文化背景的差异而导致不能正确识别图画的可能性。 二、听录音，根据你听到的句子，选出最恰当的应答。每个句子读两遍。（共5分，每小题1分） e.g.（A）1. A. Here you are. B. Here we are. C. It‘s yours. 录音原文：Q: Can I borrow your pen? 评析 此题型要求学生在听到句子后，给出相应的答语。考查学生反应能力。这种形式的题型很接近生活中英语的实际运用，即一些应答，寻求信息等。 三、听录音，判断下列句子是否符合你所听到的对话内容，符合的用“A”表示，不符合的用“B”表示。每个句子读两遍。（共5分，每小题1分） e.g. ( B ) 1.The dinner will be ready in an hour and hal f. 录音原文：---I am so hungry. When will the dinner be ready, mum?
Unit 1 Friendship 知识点总结： 1.add up 合计，把…加起来 add up to 合计达到… add to 增加，增添 add A to B 把…加进…里面，把…和…相加 eg. Please add these figures up. These figures add up to 900. The bad weather added to our difficulities. Please add some salt to the water. If you add three to four, you get seven. Add three to four and you get seven. Three added to four is seven. add vt. 补充说（后接that从句或者直接引语） Eg. He added that they would return in a week. “And don’t be late,”she added. 词组辨析： 1). The time I spend in commuting every day _________ two and a half hours. 2). Colorful balloons can _____ the festival atmosphere. 3). To make sure the result was correct，she ________ the figures again and again. 高考链接： There have been several new events to the program for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added 2.Your friend comes to school very upset. upset 此处为adj. 做主语补足语，用来补充说明主语的情况。 Eg. He went to bed cold and hungry. She got married young. The room was found empty. ▲ upset的用法： (1). adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的，不适的（多做表语） 搭配：be upset about sth. 为某事烦心be upset that… 心烦 eg. She was really upset about losing the money. I was upset that he had left without saying goodbye. (2). vt. 使不安，使心烦(upset, upset) Eg. Don’t upset yourself about it. The bad news upset the boy’s mother. 3.calm down vt./vi. （使）平静下来，（使）镇定下来 eg. The excited girl quickly calmed down. He took a deep breath to calm himself down. ▲calm adj. 平静的，镇静的，沉着的 eg. Keep calm. After the storm, it became calm again. ▲adj. calm, quiet, still, silent辨析： calm 平静的，沉着的（指无风浪或者人的心情不激动） quiet 安静的，宁静的（指没有声音，不吵闹或者心里没有烦恼，忧虑） still 静止的，不动的（指没有运动或者动作的状态） silent 沉默的，不出声的（指没有声音或者不讲话） 【一言辨异】When facing danger, you should keep calm; when taken photos of, you should keep still; when someone else is asleep, you should keep quiet; in class, you shouldn’t keep silent about the teacher’s questions. 4.have got to 不得不，必须= have to eg. I have got to go to a meeting. Have you got to go now? He hasn’t got to come tomorrow. 【说明】: have got to 很少用于过去时态。 have to 可用于各种时态，而且可与情态动词，助动词连用。 have to 强调客观需要“不得不”; must 强调主观愿望“必须” 5. concern （1）vt. (使)担忧，涉及，关系到 eg. She concerns herself about her son’s future. The news concerns your brother. ▲concern 做动词时，更多情况下用过去分词做表语。搭配： ①be concerned about/for sth. 为… 担心，关心，关注，挂念
今天看一个产业有没有潜力，就看它离互联网有多远。能够真正用互联网思维重构的企业，才可能真正赢得未来。本文中雕爷牛腩、三只松鼠、小米成功的案例，通过详细的剖析，总结了实现互联网思维的九大法则，是目前为止关于用互联网思维改变行业最全面的一个总结。值得一读。 课前秀：三个段子 第一个段子：一个毫无餐饮行业经验的人开了一家餐馆，仅两个月时间，就实现了所在商场餐厅坪效第一名;VC投资6000万，估值4亿元人民币，这家餐厅是雕爷牛腩。 只有12道菜，花了500万元买断香港食神戴龙牛腩配方;每双筷子都是定制、全新的，吃完饭还可以带回家;老板每天花大量时间盯着针对菜品和服务不满的声音;开业前烧掉1000万搞了半年封测，期间邀请各路明星、达人、微博大号们免费试吃…… 雕爷牛腩为什么这样安排?背后的逻辑是什么? 我们再看第二个段子：这是一个淘品牌，2012年6月在天猫上线，65天后成为中国网络坚果销售第一;2012年“双十一”创造了日销售766万的奇迹，名列中国电商食品类第一名;2013年1月单月销售额超过2200万;至今一年多时间，累计销售过亿，并再次获得IDG 公司600万美元投资。这个品牌是三只松鼠。 三只松鼠带有品牌卡通形象的包裹、开箱器、快递大哥寄语、坚果包装袋、封口夹、垃圾袋、传递品牌理念的微杂志、卡通钥匙链，还有湿巾。 一个淘品牌，为什么要煞费苦心地做这些呢? 再看第三个段子：这是一家创业仅三年的企业。2011年销售额5亿元;2012年，销售额达到126亿元;2013上半年销售额达到132.7亿元，预计全年销售可能突破300亿元;在新一轮融资中，估值达100亿美元，位列国内互联网公司第四名。 这家企业是小米。雷军说，参与感是小米成功的最大秘密。怎样理解参与感? 这三个企业虽然分属不同的行业，但又惊人地相似，我们都称之为互联网品牌。 它们背后的互联网思维到底是什么? 互联网思维“独孤九剑” 我给互联网思维下了个定义：在(移动)互联网、大数据、云计算等科技不断发展的背景下，对市场、对用户、对产品、对企业价值链乃至对整个商业生态的进行重新审视的思考方式。 “独孤九剑”是华山派剑宗风清扬的武林绝学，强调“无招胜有招”，重在剑意，与互联网思维有异曲同工之妙。也意味着互联网思维将像“独孤九剑”破解天下各派武功一样，去重塑及颠覆各类传统行业。 我讲一下我所理解的互联网思维体系。 1、用户思维 “独孤九剑”第一招是总诀式，第一招学不会，后面的招数就很难领悟。互联网思维也一样。互联网思维，第一个，也是最重要的，就是用户思维。用户思维，是指在价值链各个环节中都要“以用户为中心”去考虑问题。 作为厂商，必须从整个价值链的各个环节，建立起“以用户为中心”的企业文化，只有深度理解用户才能生存。没有认同，就没有合同。 这里面有几个法则 法则1：得“屌丝”者得天下。 成功的互联网产品多抓住了“屌丝群体”、“草根一族”的需求。这是一个人人自称“屌丝”而骨子里认为自己是“高富帅”和“白富美”的时代。当你的产品不能让用户成为产品的一部分，不能和他们连接在一起，你的产品必然是失败的。QQ、百度、淘宝、微信、YY、小米，无一不是携“屌丝”以成霸业。
中文地址翻译成英文地址的方法和技巧 中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小，如：Ｘ国Ｘ省Ｘ市Ｘ区Ｘ路Ｘ号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是：Ｘ号，Ｘ路，Ｘ区，Ｘ市，Ｘ省，Ｘ国。 1.各部分写法 ●Ｘ室：Room Ｘ ●Ｘ号：No. X ●Ｘ单元：Unit Ｘ ●X楼/层：X/F ●Ｘ号楼：Building No. Ｘ ●住宅区/小区：ResidentialQuater ●Ｘ街：ＸStreet ●Ｘ路：Ｘ Road East/Central/West东路 / 中路 / 西路 芙蓉西二路 / West 2nd Furong Road Central Dalian Rd. /大连中路 芙蓉中路的“中”可以用Central，也有用Middle的，一般用Mid比较简洁。 ●Ｘ区：Ｘ District ●Ｘ镇：Ｘ Town ●Ｘ县：Ｘ County ●Ｘ市：Ｘ City ●Ｘ省：Ｘ Province ●国家（State）中华人民共和国：The People’s Republic of China、P.R.China、 P.R.C.、China ●X信箱：Mailbox X 请注意：翻译人名、路名、街道名等，最好用拼音。 各地址单元间要加逗号隔开。
2.英文通信地址常用翻译 201室/房 Room 201 二单元 Unit 2 马塘村MatangVallage 一号楼/栋 Building 1
华为科技公司 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. xx公司 xx Corp. / xx Co., Ltd. 宿舍 Dormitory 厂 Factory 楼/层 Floor 酒楼/酒店 Hotel 住宅区/小区 Residential Quater 县 County 甲/乙/丙/丁 A/B/C/D 镇 Town 巷/弄 Lane 市 City 路 Road（也简写作Rd.，注意后面的点不能省略） 一环路 1st Ring Road 省 Province(也简写作Prov.） 花园 Garden 院 Yard 街 Street/Avenue 大学 College/University 信箱 Mailbox 区 District A座 Suite A 广场 Square 州 State 大厦/写字楼 Tower/Center/Plaza 胡同 Alley（北京地名中的条即是胡同的意思） 中国部分行政区划对照 自治区 Autonomous Region 直辖市 Municipality 特别行政区 Special Administration Region 简称SAR
必修1 第一单元Reading 阅读ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feel ings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. 安妮最好的朋友 你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记视为自己最好的朋友。 Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family w as Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that t ime the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I don’t want to set down a serie s of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding p lace since July 1942. 在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了25个月之后才被发现。在那段时期，她的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说：“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。”现在，来看看安妮自1942年7月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧。 Thursday 15, June, 1944
社会企业的定义 根据维基百科的定义，社会企业家指的是那些认识到社会问题，并通过运用企业家精神以及各种方法来组织、创造、管理一个企业，以达到改变社会最终目的的人。当一般的企业家以利润来评估经营成效时，社会企业家则以造成的社会变化作为经营的成效评估基础。大部分的社会企业家都在非营利组织或是社区组织工作，但是也有许多在私人机构或是政府工作。在某些比较小的国家或是政府，社会企业所扮演的社会角色正足以弥补政府之不足；而在其他国家，社会企业家倾向与其他组织以及政府单位一起合作。 1996年，欧洲委员会成立了社会企业网络（EMES），EMES 网络设定了有关“社会企业”的社会指标，它们是： 1.由一群公民首创； 2.权力不是以资本所有权为基础； 3.牵涉到受活动影响的人们的参与； 4.有限的利润分配； 5.以及施惠于社区的清楚目标（EMES，1996）。 这些指标实际上对社会企业的特征进行了清晰的描述。 美国的社会企业服务机构Virtue Ventures LLC创立者和负责人Kim Alter（2007）年对社会企业的综合特征从九个方面进行归纳： 1.运用商业手段和方法达到社会目标； 2.融合社会和商业的资本和管理方法； 3.创造社会和经济价值； 4.从商业活动中获得收益来支持社会项目； 5.由市场驱动同时由使命引导； 6.同时衡量财务绩效和社会影响； 7.在提供公共产品的过程中满足经济目标； 8.从无约束收入中享受财务上的自由； 9.在达成使命的过程中融入商业战略。 阿育王（Ashoka）对社会企业家的定义反映了其对这种领袖人物的期望，该组织认为社会企业家是能够运用创造性方法来解决社会最紧迫问题的个人。这些社会企业家在解决社会问题时具有雄心壮志以及持久的毅力，并能为更广范围内的变革提供新的想法。斯科尔基金会（Skoll Foundation）认为社会企业家是社会变革的行动者，是能够为人类带来福利的改革倡导者。 Roberts 基金会（New Social Entrepreneur）对社会企业家的定义是用“赚取收入的策略来追求社会目标”的人，并认为在美国政治、经济和社会领域中，出现了一种结合公共部门、私有部门和非营利部门的“社会目的企业部门”（Social Purpose Business Sector），它是社会企业家的聚集地，他们所推动的每一件事，都是具有“社会目的和财务上自我满足的期待”。 美国的非营利组织国家社会企业家中心（The National Center for Social Entrepreneurs）以社会企业家精神作为非营利组织处理和市场相关事务的策略，它结合公共服务的热情及企业化的途径来应对市场，使非营利组织在做好事（任务）和成本（经费）间找到平衡。
十九届《新课标英语考级教程》小学一、二级考试题型 注意：此题考级的试题核心重点严格贯彻2011年6月版《英语课程标准》的要求和规定。 第十九届新课标英语等级测试全国统一试题(EGT小学一、二级)，本套试题总分120分，一共三部分—听力、基础知识与综合能力运用和口试。 第一部分为听力，分值为20分； 第二部分为基础知识与综合能力运用，分值为80分; 第三部分为口试，分值为20分。 全部答案都必须按要求在答题卡中相对应题号下填涂或书写，要求填涂正确、书写工整、清晰、规范，卷面清洁。 (考试只是手段，不是目的。所以能让学生在准备考试的过程中不断的提高才是考试的真正目的。不管是何种题型，都不该仅仅拘泥于对单个知识点的考查，而应考查学生在具 体情境中运用所学英语知识与技能的综合语言运用能力。) 第Ⅰ卷听力理解占笔试20% (共20分每个小题1分) 一、听录音，选择你所听到的单词。每个单词只读一遍。(共5分，每小题1分) e.g. (C) 1. A. cup B. cap C. cake 录音原文：1. cake 评析 此题型要求学生听单词录音选择单词。主要考察学生对语音知识的掌握。题目中设计的单词都会含有相同或者相似的一部分字母或者字母组合，学生需要准确掌握其读音才能更准确地完成此题。 ) 二、听录音，选择与你所听到单词相符的图片。每个单词只读一遍。(共5分，每小题1分 录音原文：1. listen 评析 此题型要求学生听单词录音选择与单词相符合的图片。可以考查学生看图想其英语表达，听音联系其英文表达，达到通过一个题目考查学生三种能力的目的。注意在选图时，所使用的图画要清晰明了。尽量避免因学生的生活经验或文化背景的差异而导致不能正确识别图画的可能性。
《新课标下高中数学概念教学的实践与研究》 课题开题报告 浙江温州第二十二中学高洪武325000 一、课题提出的背景及现实意义 新一轮课程改革已经在全国部分省市如火如荼地开展，为了进一步扩大普通高中新课程实验范围，教育部决定从2006年秋季起，福建、浙江、辽宁和安徽4省将全面进入普通高中新课程实验。这将意味着我省教师将真正意义上进入新课程教学的实践与研究了。作为高中数学教师，理所当然将在这一实验过程中扮演着重要的角色。在新课程理念下，对构建数学理论大厦的数学概念如何实施教学是摆在每一位老师面前的一个严峻的课题。 高中数学课程标准指出：数学教学中应加强对基本概念和基本思想的理解和掌握，对一些核心概念和基本思想要贯穿高中数学教学的始终，帮助学生逐步加深理解。长期以来，由于受应试教育的影响，不少数学教师重解题、轻概念造成数学解题与概念脱节、学生对概念含混不清，一知半解，不能很好地理解和运用概念。数学课堂变成了教师进行学生解题技能培训的场所；而学生成了解题的机器，整天机械地按照老师灌输的“程序”进行简单的重复劳作。严重影响了学生思维的发展，能力的提高。这与新课程大力倡导的培养学生探究能力与创新精神已严重背离。那么在新课标下如何才能帮助学生更好、更加深刻地理解数学概念；如何才能灵活地应用数学概念解决数学问题，我想关键的环节还是在于教师如何实施数学概念教学，为此“新课标下高中数学概念教学的实践与研究”课题在这样的背景下应运而生。 二、国内外关于同类课题的研究综述和课题研究的理论依据 1.国内外关于同类课题的研究综述： 国内外关于数学概念教学理论研究是比较多的，对于一些概念课授课方法也是有研究的。但是那些理论的得出和经验的总结都是特定教育环境下的产物；而对于今天所推进的新课程实验（特别是在我国刚刚开始实施阶段），高中数学概念教学理论研究还几乎是一片空白。对于实践研究就更不足为谈了。 2. 课题研究的理论依据: 2-1 一般来说，数学概念要经历感知、理解、保持和应用四种心理过程。数学概念教学主要依据有如下理论： （1）联结理论、媒介理论：联结理论把概念的掌握过程解释为各种特征的重叠过程，尤如用照相机拍摄下来的事物在底片上的重叠，能够冲洗出照片一样。即接受外界刺激然后做出相应的反应。而媒介理论认为内部过程存在一种媒介因素，并用它来解释复杂的人类行动。 （2）同化、顺应理论：皮亚杰认为，概念的掌握过程无非是经历了一个同化与顺应的过程；所谓同化，就是把新概念、新知识接纳入到一个已知的认知结构中去；所谓顺应，就是当原有的认知结构不能纳入新概念时，必须改变已有的认知结构，以适应新概念。 （3）假设理论：假设理论不同于联结理论把概念掌握的过程看成是一个消极被动的过程，并认为学生掌握概念是一个积极制造概念的过程。所谓积极制造概念的过程，就是根据事实进行抽象、推理、概括、提出假设，并将这一假设应用于日后遇到的事例中加以检验的
英文地址的写法 中国MPA在线的英文地址：Rome1232,Youth building,No.34 West Beisanhuan Road, Beijing,China 一、寄达城市名的批译： 我国城市有用英文等书写的，也有用汉语拼音书写的。例如“北京”英文写为“Peking”，汉语拼音写为 “Beijing”二者虽然都是用拉丁字母，但拼读方法不同，前者是以音标相拼，而后者则是用声母和韵母相拼的， 批译时要注意识别，以免错译。 二、街道地址及单位名称的批译： 常见有英文书写、汉语拼音书写、英文和汉语拼音混合书写三种。 1、英文书写的，例如：Address：6 East Changan Avenue PeKing译为北京市东长安街6号； 2、汉语拼音书写的，例如：105 niujie Beijing译为北京市牛街105号； 3、英文、汉语拼音混合书写的，例如：NO.70 dong feng dong Rd.Guangzhou译为广州东风东路70号。 三、机关、企业等单位的批译： 收件人为机关、企业等单位的，应先译收件人地址，再译单位名称。批译方法为： 1、按中文语序书写的要顺译。 例如：SHANGHAI FOODSTUFFS IMP AND EXP CO. 译为：上海食品进出口公司； 2、以英文介词短语充当定语，一般位于被修饰的名词之后，译在该名词之前。 例如：Civil Aviation Administration Of China 译为：中国民航局； 3、机关、企业单位的分支机构一般用英文“branch”(分部、分公司等)表示。 例如：Beijing Electron Co. Ltd Xian branch 译为：北京电子有限公司西安分公司。 四、姓名方面：
必修一 Unit1 Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are goi ng through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearl y twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place si nce July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if i t’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy ab out everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sk y, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s chan ged since I was here. … For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self. But as the moon gave far too much light, I di dn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. The dark, rainy eve ning, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a ye ar and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… … Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows . It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne 第一单元友谊Reading 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了两年之后才被发现。在这段时间里，她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。安妮自从1942年7月起就躲藏在那儿了，现在，来看看她的心情吧。亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 ……比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在
编号：10001121207 南阳师范学院20 12 届毕业生 毕业论文（设计） 题目：网络流行语“很X很XX”的语言学解读 完成人：黄叶文 班级：2010-12 学制：2年 专业：汉语言文学 指导教师：张春雷 完成日期：2012-03-30
目录 摘要 (1) 一、“很X很XX”流行语的出现及形成原因 (1) （一）产生及发展 (1) （二）形成原因 (2) 二、“很X很XX”的语言学解读 (3) (一）语音特点 (3) （二）语义特点 (3) （三）语法特点 (4) （四）语用分析 (7) （五）“很X很XX”模式的构形理据——能产性理论 (8) 三、“很X很XX”的使用情况 (8) （一）广告中对于产品的宣传 (8) （二）评价社会热点 (9) （三）在标题中运用 (9) 四、“很X很XX”的流行原因 (10) （一）客观原因 (10) （二）主观原因 (11) 1.心理因素 (11) 2.社会共知基础 (12) 五、看待态度及发展前景 (12) 结语 (13) 参考文献 (14) Abstact (14)
网络流行语“很X很XX”的语言学解读 作者：黄叶文 指导教师：张春雷 摘要：在目前的网络流行语中，“很X很XX”这种新兴的语言组合格式从2007年出现以来在很短的时间内便迅速流行。本文从形成原因、分类及其句法结构、语义特征、流行成因等四个方面，对“很X很XX”’式流行语进行深入探讨。重点阐述了它的构形理据——能产性理论，并在分析其使用情况的基础上，从客观和主观两个方面对其流行原因进行探析，并指出对待网络流行语的态度及其发展前景。 关键词：“很X很XX”; 网络流行语; 语言学阐释 进入21 世纪，互联网技术越来越普及，网络也开始成为语言的一个新的载体，载体的变化促生了社会语言的新变体——网络语言。在“很+名词”被广泛接受的基础上，“很好很强大”式流行语从一出现便引起了大众的兴趣，并且几乎是在一夜之间便在网络上迅速流行。无论是网络，报纸，还是电视媒体，随处可见它们的身影。从语法的角度来看，程度副词是不能修饰名词的，那么，这类流行语为什么能流行开来？其原因是什么？又具有怎样的结构类型？本文将对它们做一初步的探讨。 一、“很X很XX”流行语的出现及形成原因 （一）产生及发展 “很X很XX”流行语最初产生于人们日常生活的口语，因网络流行事件传播开来。 原初版“很好很强大”来源于对某网络游戏代理商的一次采访，代理商就记者的某些问题解释道“很好很强大”，从此“很好很强大”开始流行。随后，一些官方人士也在正式场合使用这个句式。国务院新闻办网络新闻局副局长彭波在《中国互联网视听节目服务自律公约》签署仪式上说了这样一句话：“明天中国的互联网，一定会很美很绿色、
很多人不知道自己家的标准英文地址怎么写，这里给大家介绍一下。 英文地址与中文的顺序是完全相反的. 一定在"中国"前写好当地的邮政编码! 中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小，如：X国X省X市X区X路X号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是：X号，X路，X区，X市，X省，X国。掌握了这个原则，翻译起来就容易多了！ X室Room X X号No. X X单元Unit X X号楼Building No. X X小区X Residential quarters X街X Street X路X Road X区X District X县X County X镇X Town X市X City X省X Province 请注意：翻译人名、路名、街道名等，最好用拼音。 中文地址翻译范例： 宝山区示范新村37号403室 Room 403, No. 37, SiFang Residential Quarter, BaoShan District 虹口区西康南路125弄34号201室 Room 201, No. 34, Lane 125, XiKang Road(South), HongKou District 473004河南省南阳市中州路42号李有财 Li Youcai Room 42 Zhongzhou Road, Nanyang City Henan Prov. China 473004 434000湖北省荆州市红苑大酒店李有财 Li Youcai Hongyuan Hotel Jingzhou city Hubei Prov. China 434000 473000河南南阳市八一路272号特钢公司李有财 Li Youcai Special Steel Corp. No. 272, Bayi Road, Nanyang City Henan Prov. China 473000 528400广东中山市东区亨达花园7栋702 李有财 Li Youcai