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（1）
The Port of Shanghai, a hub（中心）of water-land transport and trade on China‘s coast since the Song Dynasty early in mid-twelfth century, is the biggest port on China‘s mainland for international shipping. The annual cargo throughput(吞吐量) of the port hit another record high of 176 million tons in 1993. The volume of International containers has reached the historical highest point.
By now the Port of Shanghai has established maritime trade relations with more than 400 ports in over 160 countries and regions in the world, with 21 international regular lines starting from the port on over 100 voyages per month directly to North America, Europe, Australia, the Persian Gulf, the Mediterranean as well as Southeast and Northeast Asia and so on.
Following the continuous and steady new growth in China‘s national economy, the Port of Shanghai has, over the six years from 1988 to 1993, made an investment of RMB￥2.3 billion in capital construction and renovation(革新), and updated a large number of handling machines. Both cargo throughput capacity and handling efficiency of the port have increased remarkably.
Today, the port has become one of the hot spots that attract both attention and investment from other parts of China and the whole world. During his visit in Shanghai in the spring of 1992, Deng Xiaoping expressed his hope that Shanghai would show some changes every year. Taking this as its objective, the Port of Shanghai has been quickening the steps in its operational and commercial activities as well as construction of deep-water port areas.
The four marginal berths of Waigaoqiao New Port Area have been largely completed and put into operation. Construction of the Luojing Coal Terminal was started at the end of 1993. Grain Silos with a capacity of 80,000 tons and a modern communication building for water traffic are both showing signs of completion. Construction of coastal, domestic and international passenger terminals has substantially entered its initial stage. The deep water port area at Jinshanzui shall open a new chapter in the history of the Port of Shanghai.
（Write no more than 20 words for each question or statement）
1. How long a history does the Port of Shanghai have?
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. List the two remarkable increases from 1988 to 1993.
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What has the port been doing to achieve its objective?
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Which development represents that the port will enter a new era ?
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
How did Michael Jordan get to the top? What made him the greatest basketball player of all time? Not just the five NBA championships in 1985, 1989, 1991, 1996 and 1997. Not just his height, his skill, his speed and his ability to score winning baskets. He was in every way a superstar.
The secret of his success on the court was always this---― Practice makes perfect.‖ When he was already famous and the top player in the country , he still went onto the court before a game and practiced hard for up to an hour. He practiced a single move and shot maybe thirty or forty times. He scored with every shot. Then he practiced a move again and again and again. He didn‘t stop practice until it was perfect, because it was already perfect the first time. He practiced until 40 out of 40 shots were perfect and it was impossible for him to miss that shot.
Jordan always wanted to win. At college, a basketball team-mate once beat him at ping-pong. Jordan went out and bought a ping-pong and practiced until he was the best ping-pong player in the team.
Jordan is one of a line of black American sports people who have become role models for young people. Some of the others have been Mohamed Ali, the boxer, in the 1960s, Tiger Woods, the golfer, in the 1990s, and the Williams sisters, both of them tennis players, in the 00s. What do young black people learn from such superstars? They learn that it is possible to become the best in their sport, to be successful, to make money, and to become famous.
When he began to be famous, Jordan was soon earning more money from companies than from basketball. He wore Nike trainers and ate at M cDonald‘s restaurants. But most important, he ran his business himself. He controls it and only he makes the important decisions. For young black people, running your own life and controlling your own business is the one thing in life which they have always wanted. Jordan retired from basketball in January, 1999. As he hung up his shoes, he said, ― I‘ve had a great time!‖
（Write no more than 10 words for each question or statement）
1.The reason why Michael Jordon became the greatest basketball player of all time was that
_____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________.
2. How did he seek perfection?
_____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________.
3.From his ping-pong practice we can say Jordan is a person who
_____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________.
4. Apart from being successful in sports, what else did he do well in?
_____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________.
The U.S. Department of labor statistics indicates that there is an oversupply of college trained workers and that this oversupply is increasing. Already there is an overabundance of teacher, engineers, physicists and other specialists. Yet colleges and graduate schools continue every year to turn out highly trained people to compete for jobs that are not there. The result is that graduates can not enter the professions for which they were trained and must take temporary jobs which do not require a college degree. These ―temporary‖ jobs have a habit of becoming permanent.
On the other hand, there is a tremendous need for skilled workers of all sorts: carpenters, electricians, mechanics and TV repairmen. These people have more work than they can handle and their annual incomes are often higher than those of college graduates. The old difference that white-collar workers make a better living than blue-collar workers no longer holds true.
The reason for this situation is the traditional myth that a college degree is a passport to bright future. Parents begin telling their children this myth before they are out of school. Under this pressure the kids fall in line. Whether they want to go to college or not doesn‘t matter. Everybody should go to college.
One result of this emphasis on a college education is that many people go to college who don‘t belong there. Of the 60 percent of high school graduates who enter college, half of them do not graduate with their class. Many of them drop out within the first year. Some struggle on for two or three years and then give up.
（Write no more than 10 words for each question or statement）
1.By saying ―These ?temporary‘ jobs have a habit of becoming permanent. ‖ The author means that many college graduates can never find the jobs which __________________________________________________________________ .
2.According to the passage, people used to think that the white-collar workers_____________________________________________________________
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a713855475.html,pared with the oversupplied college trained workers, what kind of people are in great demand in the present job market? ___________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
4. Why do so many people who go to college do not graduate or even drop out? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take friendship for granted, we often don‘t clearly understand how we make fri ends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a few—for example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationships, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy（亲密）between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary enormously. As we get to know people, we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of primary importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.
Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitudes and interests in common—they often talk about :being on the same wave length‖. It generally takes time to reach this point. And the more intimately involves people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break a promise. Equally, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.
In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.
（Write no more than 10 words for each question or statement）
1. Who are more likely to become friends according to the author, those who often
argue and discuss or those who have a lot in common?
Those who _______________________________________________________ .
2. How will you normally feel if you meet a person obviously different from you in
many respects?
We will feel that person is ___________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ . 3. Suppose you had a friends who doesn‘t quite keep time, what would the author
suggest you doing?
The author would suggest us _________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ .
4. According to the author, why is it possible for an old man and a boy to understand
each other and become friends?
Because they may _________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ .
Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society. As we go about our everyday lives, we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses. For example, we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian, whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman, whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader, and so on.
The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter, and change throughout life. Most of us can, at very high speed, assume the statuses that various situations require. Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us. This means that we fit our actions to those of other people, based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation although some of us find the task more difficult than others, most of us perform it rather effortlessly.
A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits the buyer can choose style and fabric. But an American is not free to choose the costume (服装) of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince. We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Further more, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocketbook (钱包). Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.
（Write no more than 15 words for each question or statement）
1. The writer tells us that statuses can help us ________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________.
2. According to the writer, people often assume different statuses as the situation ____________________________________________________________________.
3. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the pronoun "it" refers to "___________________________________________________________________".
4. By saying that‖ an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince"(Lines 2-3, Para. 3), the writer means that__________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________.
A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement (新居住地) spread ever farther westward. The early pains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.
The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental（横贯大陆）system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.
The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.
（Write no more than 16 words for each question or statement）
1. What were the major problems with America's railroad system in the mid 19th century ______________________________________________________________.
2. The construction of the transcontinental railroad took _______________________ ____________________________________________________________________.
3. What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4The building of the first transcontinental system ____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________.
Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clark——alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump——convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadn't. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning (禁止) the device.
The recall may hurt Symbion Inc., maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won't end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned mode is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection. Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patient's chest. The first sample products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that they'll work——and that America's overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures (开支) cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation's health.
（Write no more than 10 words for each question or statement）
1. According to the passage, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved not to be _________ ___________________________________________________________________.
2. Although the artificial heart has met with a techinical failure, the Symbion Inc. ____________________________________________________________________.
3. Where will the new models of artificial hearts be put ____________________________________________________________________.
4. How do American people feel about the attempt at artificial hearts _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________.
―Get your hands off me, I have been stolen,‖ the laptop, a portable computer, shouted. That is a new solution to laptop computer theft: a program that lets owners give their property a voice when it has been taken.
The program allows users to display alerts on the missing computer‘s screen and even to set a spoken message. Tracking software for stolen laptops has been on the market for some time, but this is thought to be the first that allows owners to give the thief a piece of their mind.
Owners must report their laptop missing by logging on to a website, which sends a message to the model: a red and yellow ―lost or stolen‖ banner pops up on its screen when it is started. Under the latest version(版本) of the software, users can also send a spoken message.
The message can be set to reappear every 30 seconds, no matter how many times the thief closes it. ―One customer sent a message saying, ?You are being tracked. I am right at your door‘,‖ said Carr ie Hafeman, chief executive of the company which produces the program, Retriever.
In the latest version, people can add a spoken message. The default through the computer‘s speakers is: ―Help, this laptop is reported lost or stolen. If you are not my owner, please report me now.‖
The Retriever software package, which costs $29.95 (￡21) but has a free trial period, has the functions of many security software programs. Owners can remotely switch to an alternative password prompt if they fear that the thief has also got hold of the access details.
If a thief accesses the internet with the stolen laptop, Retriever will collect information on the internet service provider in use, so that the police can be alerted to its location.
Thousands of laptops are stolen every year from homes and offices, but with the use of laptops increasing, the number stolen while their owners are out and about has been rising sharply.
Other security software allows users to erase data remotely or lock down the computer.
（Write no more than 10 words for each question or statement）
1. The expression ―to give the thief a piece of their mind‖ means that he owner is ____________________________________________________________________.
2. According to one function of the program , how can the police locate the lost laptop?
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. If the owner of the lost laptop doesn‘t want to expose his priva cy in his laptop to the thief, he can __________________or _______________________ at a distance.
4. The main idea of the passage can be summarized as_________________________ ____________________________________________________________________
(9)
Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for two weeks. When he came to analyze their embarrassing errors, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groups.
One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog her ear-rings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. ―The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,‖ explains the professor. ―People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman‘s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her ear-rings. But somehow the action got reversed（颠倒）in the programme.‖ About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these ―programme assembly failures.‖Twenty per cent of all errors were ―test failures‖ --- primarily due to not verifying the progress of what the body was doing. A man about to get his car out of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them on --- much to his surprise. A woman victim reported: ―I got into the bath with my socks on.‖
The commonest problem was information ―storage failures‖. People forgot the names of people whose faces they knew, went into a room and forgot why they were there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.
The research so far suggests that while the ―central processor‖ of the brain is liberated from second-to-second control of a well-practised routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be ―captured‖ by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors.
（Write no more than 10 words for each question or statement）
1. What‘s the purpose of Professor Reason‘s research?
_____________________________________________________
2. ―An old man, with his shoes on, was trying to put on his socks.‖ might be grouped u nder ―______________________________‖.
3. What‘s the cause of ―test failures‖?
_____________________________________________________
4. According to the passage, the information ―storage failures‖ refer to _______________________________.
Martha had been working for Miller Laboratories for two years, but she was not happy there. Nothing significant had happened in the way of promotions or salary increases. Martha felt that her supervisor, a younger and less experienced person than she, did not like her. In fact, the supervisor often said unpleasant things to her.
One day, while talking with her friend Maria, she mentioned how discouraged she was. Maria gave her the name of a cousin of hers who was director of Human Resources Department for a large chemical company. Martha called him the next day and set up an interview on her lunch hour.
During the interview, Mr. Petri said, ―You‘re just the kind of person we need here. You‘re being wasted in your other job. Give me a call in a day or two. I‘m su re we can find a place for you in our organization.‖ Martha was so happy she almost danced out of the building.
That afternoon, Ruth Kenny, her supervisor, saw that Martha had come in ten minutes late from her lunch hour and she said. ―Oh, so you finally decided to come back to work today?‖
This was the last straw. She could not take another insult. Besides, Mr. Petri was right: she was being wasted in this job.
―Look,‖ she said angrily, ―if you don‘t like the way I work, I don‘t need to stay here, I‘ll go where I‘m appreciated! Good-bye!‖ She took up her things and stormed out of the office.
That night she called Maria and told her what had happened and then asked Maria, ―What do you think?‖
―Well,‖ said Maria carefully, ―are you sure about the other job?‖
―Well, not exactly, but …‖
Maria continued, ―Will you be able to get a recommendation from Ms. Kenny if you need one ?‖
―A recommendation?…from Ms. Kenny?‖ hesitated Martha, in a worried tone.
―Martha, I hope you didn‘t burn your bridges ,‖ Maria said. ―I think I would have handled it differently.‖
（Write no more than 12 words for each question or statement）
1. Why was Martha unhappy in her job?
_____________________________________________________
2. What does the phrase ―the last straw‖ in the middl e of the passage probably refer to?
_____________________________________________________
3. How did Martha got the name of the director?
_____________________________________________________
4. What did Maria think of Martha‘s decision?
_____________________________________________________
You are what you eat and fats are a main food for Asia‘s fast-food generation. Dr. Chwang, director of the Department of Food Nutrition, says children are consuming more meat and soft drinks. That is a thorough departure from the traditional diet of vegetables and rice and little meat. ―They like big pieces of fried meat with a soft drink. So although they may eat the same volume of food, their calorie intake （卡路里摄入量）has increased. Now about 40 to 45 percent of their calories come from fat,‖ says Chwang.
Although on the whole Asians tend towards thinness, culture —namely Asians‘ hospitality （好客）—is a reason for the fatness of today‘s generation, according to Chwang. ―Asian people love food,‖ she says. ―Eating and dr inking are important social and family functions.‖ In the past, however, big meals were only hosted on special occasions as people were more careful with money. In today‘s climate of wealth and remarkable consumption, 10-course meals are no longer reserved for significant occasions.
More than anyone else, children are on the receiving end of their parents‘ improved circumstances. ―In the past, people had four or more children —now, they have one or two, so they tend to spoil them,‖ says Chwang. ―The easiest way is to give them ?quality food‘. Parents think feeding them well is showing their love. They feel bad when their children look thin.‖
When describing the physical condition of most overweight Asian children, Chwang says: ―There is a clear relationship between fatness and indoor play. Children get fat because they don‘t move, and eventually, they don‘t want to move because they‘re fat.
Thanks to technology, a growing army of children prefer video games to old outdoor sports. ―What do children do when wat ching TV or sitting in front of the computer playing video games? They eat chocolate and drink Coke,‖ says Chwang.
（Write no more than 12 words for each question or statement）
1. _________________________________________are the traditional diet of Asians.
2. According to this passage, the ?quality food‘ fed by some parents is actually _____________________________________________________________________
3. Why do some parents feel bad when their children look thin?
_____________________________________________________
4. What‘s the purpose of this article?
_____________________________________________________
When we walk through the city, we all experience a kind of information overload but we pay attention only to those that are important to us. We don‘t stop, we keep our faces expressionless and eyes straight ahead, and in doing so, we are not just protecting ourselves but are avoiding overloading other people as well.
We make use of stereotypes(刻板的模式) as convenient ways to make quick judgements about situations and people around us. They may not always be accurate, and they can often be dangerously wrong, but they are used regularly.
The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict experience. By using limited clues to provide us with a rapid opinion of other people or places we may choose to limit our communication. We may decide not to go to certain places because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy.
In the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized. It is becoming increasingly common for brand names to be placed on the outside of clothes, and this labeling makes it easy to send out information about fashion and price instantly, and lets others tell at a distance whether an individual has similar tastes and is a suitable person to associate with.
In England, where social grouping or class continues to make social distinctions (区分), clothes, hairstyles, people‘s pronunciation and the manner of speaking are all clues to our social group. Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association.
（Write no more than 10 words for each question or statement）
1. Why do people walking in cities ignore the surroundings?
_____________________________________________________
2. According to the passage, what‘s the main disadvantage of using stereotypes?
_____________________________________________________
3. From the passage we may conclude that dressing can _______________________ ____________________________________________________________________.
4. In England, __________________ might be less important in making friends in a city.
China is going green. In order to reduce air pollution and oil-shortages, car-makers have announced their plans to develop hybrid（混合燃料）cars for the Chinese market. Toyota‘s hybrid Prius will be ready to drive in China this week. Let‘s have a look at the new car.
Any vehicle is a hybrid when it combines two or more sources of power. Hybrid cars run on a rechargeable battery and gasoline. Hybrid cars have special engines, which are smaller than traditional gasoline engines. They run at 99 percent of their power when the car is going at a steady speed. A specially designed battery motor provides extra power for running up hills or when extra acceleration is needed.
Step into a Prius, and turn on the engine. The first thing you notice is how much quieter it is than a traditional car. At this point, the car‘s gasoline engine is at rest. The electric motor will provide power until the car reaches about 24 km/h. If you stay at a low speed, you are effectively driving an electric car, with no gasoline being used, and no waste gas being given off.
The computer makes the decision about when to use a gas engine, when to go electric and when to use a combination of the two. If you go over 24 km/h, when you step on the gas, you are actually telling the computer how fast you want to go.
The electric motor recharges automatically using a set of batteries. When driving at a high speed, the gasoline engine not only powers the car, but also charges the batteries. Any time you use the brake, the electric motor in the wheels will work like a generator and produce electricity to recharge the batteries. As a result, the car‘s batteries will last for around 200,000 miles.
（Write no more than 10 words for each question or statement）
1. What does the first sentence of the passage probably mean?
__________________________________________________________
2. What is the most important feature of hybrid cars?
________________________________________________________
3. When you drive at a high speed, the gasoline engine ____________________.
4. The author writes this passage mainly to _____________________________.
Going to court can be frightening, especially if you‘re a child. You may have to stand up in the witness box, and swear to the truth and answer questions in front of a crowd of adults. It would be even more frightening if you were the victim of a crime and you had to sit in the same courtroom as the person accused of attacking you, for instance.
So the law in Britain has made it easier for children to act as witnesses. Children are allowed to tell what they know, from another room in the same courthouse. This way they do not have to face all those people in the courtroom.
It works on a closed-circuit television link, which means that the TV only operates inside the court. The child witness sits in a room with a social worker in front of a TV camera. Everyone in the courtroom can see the child on TV screen, but the child can only see the judge and lawyers who will ask him or her questions. The system has been operating as an experiment for over a year, and has been so successful that it will be extended to more courts this year.
Another way to make it easy for a child to act as a witness is to set up a screen in the courtroom around the witness box so that child cannot see the defendant.
Information given by children can be very important to a court trial, but before 1988 the law did not really recognize that children told the truth. It states that anything a child said in court had to be supported by other evidence in the case. （Write no more than 15 words for each question or statement）
1. A child witness, if he were the victim of the crime, would be frightened most when
__________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________.
2. The most important point of the new system that made things easier for a child
witness is that _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________.
3.What does the author think of the new system according to the third paragraph?
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What should be done to ensure that a child witness told the truth before 1988?
__________________________________________________________
How to eat healthfully can be especially complex for working women who often have neither the desire nor the time to cook for themselves(or for anyone else). Registered dietitian (营养专家) Barbara Morrissey suggests that a few simple rules can help.
―Go for nutrient dense foods,‖ she suggests, ―foods that contain a multiple of nutrients. For example, select whole wheat bread as a breakfast food, rather than coffee cake. Or drink orange juice rather than orange drink, which contains only a small percentage of real juice –the rest is largely colored sugar water. You just can‘t compare the value of these foods, the nutrient dense ones are so superior,‖ she emphasizes.
Morrissey believes that variety is not only the spice of life –it‘s the foundation of a healthful diet. Diets which are based on one or two foods are not only virtually impossible to keep up the strength, they can be very harmful, she says, because nutrients aren‘t sup plied in sufficient amounts or balance.
According to Morrissey, trying to find a diet that can cure your illness, or make you superwoman is a fruitless search. As women, many of us are too concerned with staying thin, she says, and we believe that vitamins are some kind of magic cure to replace food.
―We need carbohydrates, protein and fat – they are like the wood in the fireplace. The vitamins and minerals are like the match, the spark, for the fuel,‖ she explains. ―We need them all, but in a very di fferent proportions. And if the fuel isn‘t there, the spark is useless.‖
（Write no more than 20 words for each question or statement）
1. From the passage we know that working women are ________________________ _____________________________________________________________.
2. According to Morrissey, orange juice is different from orange drink in that _______ _____________________________________________________________.
3. According to the passage, what do many women do to stay thin?
_________________________________________________________
4. What does the author mean by ―if the fuel isn‘t there, the spark is useless.‖?
_________________________________________________________
Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties?
Maybe. Last week, the UK‘s Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.
In fact, Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities without ties, which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.
For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan, the tie was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party—almost even a social occasion.
But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions. Now even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.
（Write no more than 15 words for each question or statement）
1. Blair‘s cocktail party without ties showed his ______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________.
2. According to the passage, the British gentleman used to be considered
_________________________________________________________________.
3. What new trend has appeared in Britain?
_____________________________________________________________________ 4. Why did people like Jim Callaghan insist British gentlemen wear a tie in public?
_____________________________________________________________________
Answers
\(1)
1.About 850 years.
2.cargo throught capacity and handling efficiency
3. 3. quickening the step in its operational and commercial activities as well as
construction of deep-water port areas.
4. 4. The deep water port area at Jinshanzui
(2)
1.he was in every way a superstar.
2.Through constant practice.
3.Always wanted to win.
4.Business/running his business himself.
(3)
1. they were trained for
2. made(make) a better living than blue-collar workers.
3. skilled workers of all sorts .
4.Because they don‘t belong there ( to college).
(4)
1. Those who have a lot in common.
2. We will feel that person is difficult to get on with.
3. The author would suggest us putting up with his annoying habit .
4. Because they may have shared experiences and emotions.
(5)
1. (to) get along with one another and to determine where we "fit" in society
2. changes
3. selecting one's own statuses
4. our choice of statuses is limited
(6)
1．The construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system.
2．3 years
3．The need to connect the east coast with the west / link the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific.
4．brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the west
(7)
1. Successful
2. won't end the request for an artificial heart.
3.They will be fully put / placed in the patient's chest
4.the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts
(8)
1. angry
2. By using collecting information on the internet service provider in use
3. switch to an alternative password prompt , erase the information / data
4. new software provides a means to reduce laptop theft.
(9)
1. To classify and explain some errors in human actions
2. ―Programme assembly failures‖
3. Not verifying the progress of what the body was doing.
4. The temporary loss of part of one‘s memory
(10)
1. Because she had not advanced.
2. The final unpleasant thing.
3. Through her friend Maria.
4. Martha should have found a new job before leaving.
(11)
1. Vegetables, rice and little meat
2. High-calorie food
3. Because they feel that they don‘t take good care of their children.
4. To explain why many Asian children are overweight nowadays.
(12)
1. Because there is too much information to take in.
2. They may make us miss some pleasant experience.
3. send messages about individuals
4. A person‘s class
(13)
1. It means the environment is getting better in China.
2. They are powered by both a rechargeable battery and gasoline.
3. not only powers the car but charges the batteries as well
4. introduce a new kind of ―green‖ car
(14)
1. the person accused of attacked him
2. he does not have to face all the people including the defendant in the courtroom
3. Very successful.
4. Anything a child said in court had to be supported by other evidence in the case (15)
1.busy and not interested in cooking.
2.orange juice contains a multiple of nutrients while orange drink contains only a
small percentage of real juice.
3.They take vitamins to replace food, or just find a diet based on one or two foods.
4.Without carbohydrates, protein and fat, vitamins and minerals are of no use. (16)
1. casual attitude towards ties
2. formal and conservative
3. People dress casually for formal occasions
4. Because for them, the tie was a sign of being complete, of showing respect
二年级阅读理解100篇及答案经典 一、二年级语文下册阅读理解训练 1．读短文，完成练习。 火红的枫叶 今天，我在树林里走来走去，想寻找一片火红的枫叶。 啊，我终于找到了一片最红最红的枫叶，它比朝霞还要红，比玫瑰还要红。它的样子也很好看，就像我的小小手掌。 我把这片最红最红的枫叶贴在一张洁白的纸上，再写上一首小诗，做成一张贺卡，送给我的老师。 在这美丽的秋天里，我记得今天是老师的节日。 （1）在横线上填上合适的量词。 一________枫叶一________小诗一________贺卡 （2）“我”找到的枫叶是什么样子的？找出文中相应的句子。 （3）填一填。 “我”把枫叶贴在________上，再写上________ ，做成________ ，送给________。 （4）9月10日是教师节，在这一天，“我”想对老师说：________。 【答案】（1）片；首；张 （2）它比朝霞还要红，比玫瑰还要红。 它的样子也很好看，就像我的小小手掌。 （3）一张洁白的纸；一首小诗；一张贺卡；我的老师 （4）老师，您辛苦了，谢谢您对我们无私的奉献 【解析】 2．阅读下文，回答问题。 找春天 一个星期天的上午，我和爸爸来到公园找春天。 找呀，找呀，找到了！春天在树上，在公园一角的几棵桃树上，长出了红色的花蕾（lěi）。爸爸告诉我：不久，桃花要开啦！ 春天也在柳枝上。我发现一排柳树上，都挂着鹅黄色的枝条，风一吹，就飘起来，像是披上了一层半透明的薄纱。 春天，还在树林中。那冬青树暗绿色的叶子中间，长出了黄绿色的新叶。更有趣的是，梧桐树的枝头，吐出了半透明的青里带红的芽，就跟小小的佛手一样。 我望着这春天的美景，心里想，我们的祖国就像这春天的花园。 （1）这篇短文共有________个自然段。 （2）春天在________、________、________。我望着这春天的美景，心里想，我们的祖国就像________。 （3）这篇短文的主要内容是（） A. 我和爸爸去找春天。 B. 描写春天的美景，赞美我们的祖国。
一年级阅读短文练习 （一） 冬姑娘来到公园。她看到许多许多的人，有的在滑雪，有的在滑冰，有的在打雪仗、堆雪人，写诗、画画、拍照留影。他们都被美丽的风景迷住了。 1、这段短文共有（）句话。第二句中写的活动有、 、、、、、。 2、这段话描写的是季节。 （二） 我家院子里有一棵古老而又高又大的枣树。春天，枣树上开满了浅黄色的枣花。夏天，花落了，枣树上结满了小青枣。到了秋天， 小青枣慢慢地变了， 变成了红红的大枣。这时，树上好 像挂满了圆圆的小灯笼。 １、读短文，找出合适的词填在括号里。 （）的枣树（）的枣花 （）的大枣（）的小灯笼
２、文中“小灯笼”指的是。 ３、想想枣树在不同季节的变化，再填空。 春天，枣树上。 夏天，枣树上。 秋天，枣树上。 （三） 小鸡们跟着老母鸡跑,就像许多小球在地上滚一样。它们跟着妈妈学着找食物，小小的嘴到处啄（zhuó），有时，就在伙伴们的头上、腿上啄。冷了，老母鸡张开翅膀，那些小鸡就连忙躲到妈妈肚子底下暖和暖和。这些小鸡真可爱。 １、这篇短文共有（）句话。 ２、短文里写了和。 3、小鸡们冷了，就会。 （四） 放学了，满天都是乌云，就快下雨了。小红和明明来到学校给学校老师送雨伞和雨鞋。传达室的老爷爷看见他们这么懂事， 高兴地笑了。 １、这篇短文有（）句话。
２、天就快下雨了，和给老师送伞和雨鞋。 （五） 天亮了，鸟儿醒了，叽叽喳喳地唱着：“露珠儿，晶晶亮。好像小珍珠，挂在小草上。”太阳听见了，说：“露珠是什么样？让我看看。”太阳睁大眼睛对着小草使劲儿看，可是什么也没看见。 太阳呆住了，“咦，露珠儿呢，哪儿去了？” １、天亮了，醒了，叽叽喳喳唱着歌。 ２、露珠儿，晶晶亮，好像挂在小草上。 ３、露珠为什么不见了，是因为（） Ａ、太阳出来了。Ｂ、露珠掉在地上了。 （一） 春天，阳光灿烂，田野里百花盛开。白的梨花，粉红的桃花，还有金黄的油菜花，散发出一阵阵浓浓的香味。 １、短文共有句话，写的是季节的景象。 2、春天有灿烂的；田野里，散发出浓浓的。 ３、用“——”画出文中表示颜色的词。 ４、春天，、、都开花了。除了这些，还有许多春天开的花，它们是、、
）阅读下列材料回答问题：《联合国气候变化框架公约》材料一：缔约方第15次会议于2009年12月7—19日在丹麦首都哥本哈根召开。各国对于气候变化以及未来以低碳经济为主导的全新增长模式的关注与认同与日俱增。材料二：我国目前能源基本生产量仅次于俄罗斯和美国，居世界第3位，基本消费量占世界10．4％，居世界第2位。我国目前的温室气体排放量接近美国，居世界第二位。在哥本哈根会议召开前10天，中国正式对外公布控制温室气体排放的行动目标，决定到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40％至45％。中国国务院总理温家宝12月18日在丹麦哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上发表了题为《凝聚共识，加强合作，推进应对气候变化历史进程》的重要讲话，再次向全世界作了上述承诺。材料三：中国与世界能源消费构成对比。材料四：北欧相关资料（1）根据全球气候变暖成因与危害之间的关系，填出表格中各字母所表示的内容。a ；b ；c ；d 。（8分）（2）我国目前能源消费结构与世界能源消费结构相比差异主要表现 在。（4分）（3）简要说明我国CO2排放总量大的原因，并就此谈谈我国控制CO2排放量，实施低碳经济的可行性措施。（10分）（4）丹麦的气候特点是，该国气候对种植业不利的影响是（4分）。（5）材料四中景观A 与景观B 所示的自然景观不同，但它们的成因相同，成因是
（1）毁林燃烧矿物燃料极冰融化沿海低地被淹（8分）（2）煤炭消费比重大；石油、天然气比重低；核电（太阳能、风能）等清洁能源消费比重低；（答出一点得2分，满分4分）（3）原因：人口总量大，经济高速增长，能源消费总量大；矿物能（煤、石油和天然气）占能源消费构成的比重极高。（4分）措施：大力开发可再生能源和清洁能源；发展节能技术，提高能源利用效率；进行温室气体的回收；调整产业结构，大力发展低能耗，低排放，高附加值的新兴产业/淘汰高能耗，高（每答1点得2分，满分6分）污染，低附加值的产业；加强管理与宣传，提高节能意识。（4）冬温夏凉、终年湿润；气温较凉爽（尤其是夏温较低）及光照较少，不利于作物（4分）生长与成熟。（5）冰川侵蚀（2分。2009年9月初国际奥委会公布2016年夏季奥运会的四个候选城市：芝加哥．马德里．里约热内卢．东京。最后巴西里约热内卢获得举办权，这也是奥运会首次登陆南美大陆。读图回（11分）答下列问题。（1）据图分析里约热内卢在四个城市中地理位置的独特性（2分）（2）里约热内卢所在国拥有世界水量最大的河流，该河流水量大的原因是什么？（2分）（3）常以“三月如冰九月如烘”来形容马德里季节分明的气候特点，试分析其原因（3分）（4）日本气候具有典型的海洋性，试分析其原因（2分）（2分）（5）日本是世界上多火山．地震国家之一。试分析其原因。
二年级阅读理解20篇(附带答案解析) 一、二年级语文下册阅读理解训练 1．读下面的话，然后完成练习。 受伤的小鸟 在放学回家的路上，我发现了一只受伤的小鸟。看着它可怜的样子，便把它捡回了家。这只小鸟长着一张又长又尖的嘴巴，头上有一小撮（cuō)红色的毛，背上、尾巴上的羽毛是黑色的，腹（fù)部的羽毛是灰色的，可好看了！ 妈妈下班回来看见了小鸟，高兴地告诉表说：“这是一只啄木鸟，它能够捕食树洞里的害虫，人们称它‘树医生’。”我听了，心想：“原来是一只益鸟啊！等我把它的伤养好后，一定送它回大自然，让它继续给树治病。” （1）这篇短文有________个自然段。 （2）受伤的小鸟是一只________，人们称它________。 （3）按短文填空。 ________的嘴巴受伤的________ ________的样子黑色的________ （4）如果你发现了这样一只受伤的小鸟，你会怎么做?为什么? 【答案】（1）2 （2）啄木鸟；树医生 （3）又长又尖；小鸟；可怜；羽毛 （4）略 【解析】 2．阅读短文，回答问题。 小猪学本领 小猪看到小鸭在水里游泳，游来游去很快活!小猪就让小鸭教他游泳，但刚一下水．小猪就大叫起来：“这水太凉了，我还是学点儿别的吧。”说着头也不回地走了。 小猪看到小猫在爬树，爬上爬下真神气!小猪就让小猫教他爬树，可是，他怎么也爬不上去，还累得满头大汗。“这树太高了，我还是学点儿别的吧。”说完，小猪转头朝家走去。 快到家时，小猪看见了小狗在草地上跑步。他看到小狗跑得很快觉得很羡慕（xiàn mù），就跟小狗在草地上学跑步。他累得直喘粗气，还摔了一跤。“跑步太累了，我不学了。”说完，他回家睡觉去了。 后来，运动会上，小鸭、小猫、小狗都取得了好成绩，获得了奖品。只有小猪什么也没得到，他觉得后悔极了。 （1）根据短文内容填空。 小猪向________学游泳，向________学爬树，向________学跑步。小猪不愿接着学本领的原因分别是河水太________了，大树太________了，跑步太________了。 （2）结合短文理解词语的意思。 快活：________
【阅读理解】三年级语文阅读理解精选及答案1.五华山 春天的山是绿色的，那绿色淡淡的，许多树叶刚冒出芽来，还带着嫩嫩的黄色呢。 夏天的山也是绿色的，那绿色浓浓的，一片片树叶，不管是大的还是小的，都像被绿油彩涂过，连雨点落上去，都给染绿了。 秋天的山不再是一种颜色了。下过一场秋霜，有的树林变成了金黄色，好像所有的阳光都集中到那儿去了；有的树林变成了杏黄色，远远望去，就像枝头挂满了熟透的杏和梨；有的树林变成了火红色，风一吹，树林跳起舞来，就像一簇簇火苗在跳跃；还有的树林变处紫红紫红，跟剧场里的紫绒幕布的颜色一样。只有松柏秋霜，针一样的叶子还是那么翠绿。 秋天的山一片金黄，一片火红，一片翠绿……人们给这五颜六色的山起了个好听的名字，叫“五花山”。……” 1、这篇短文共写了______、______、______三个季节时候的山，重点写了______季的山的景色。（4分） 2、秋天的山有______、______、______等颜色。（3分） 3、有~~~~~~~~~画出第四自然段中的比喻句。（3分） 参考答案： 1、春夏秋秋 2、金黄、杏黄、火红色 3、“下过一场秋霜……就像一簇簇火苗在跳跃”。 2. 阅读感知，回答问题。
夏天，树木长得葱葱茏茏，密密层层的枝叶把森林封得严严实实的，挡住了人们的视线，遮住了蓝蓝的天。早晨，雾从山谷里升起来，整个山林浸在乳白色的浓雾里。太阳出来了，千万缕向箭一样的金光，穿过树梢，照射在工人宿舍门前的草地上。草地上盛开着各种各样的野花，红的、黄的、白的、紫的、真象个美丽的大花坛。……” 1、这是一段写小兴安岭——————的景色。 2、这一段共有—————句话。先写—————，接着描绘————，然后描写———，最后写————。 3、这一段话有二个比喻句。一句把————比作————，另一句把————比作———。 参考答案： 1、夏天美丽 2、四树木茂盛早上的雾太阳草地上的花 3、阳光比作箭草地比作成大花坛 3. 三个和尚（shàng） 传说古时候，一个活泼伶俐（línglì）的小和尚来到山上的一座庙（miào）里。开始，他勤快地挑水，不但自己够喝，还往菩萨（pú sà）手中的净瓶里灌水，净瓶里的柳枝活了。不久，来了一个瘦和尚。他与小和尚为了喝水和挑水的问题发生了争执（zhí）,谁也不愿意吃亏（kuī）,于是，两人商量一起抬水。后来，又来了一个胖和尚。三个和尚都要喝水，但都不愿意多挑水。没过两天水缸露底了。净瓶里的柳枝也因没水而开始枯萎（wěi）了。 一天夜里，三个和尚都在打盹（dǔn）的时候，一根正在燃烧的蜡烛掉在香案上，小庙起火了。危机之中，三个和尚争先恐后地挑水救火，一场大火很快被扑灭了。 大火过后，三个和尚似乎明白了什么。从此，水缸里的水又满了，三个和尚高高兴兴地捧着大碗喝水，净瓶里的柳枝又恢（huī）复了生机。……”
人教版六年级小学语文阅读答题技巧 （小升初辅导资料） 1.标题作用： （1）全文的线索，推动情节发展 （2）总结文章内容，点名主旨（突出主题） （3）形式新颖，吸引读者 （4）反映人物情感变化 2.动词理解：XX生动表现了人（事）物XX的特点（情状）（或描绘出一幅……的场景），反映了人物……的心情 3.句子分析： （1）分析句子里词语的表达效果 （2）分析：修辞+修辞作用例题：请问文中划线部分用了怎样的修辞手法，表达了作者怎样的心情？比喻：用XX比喻XX，表现了（事物）……的特点，表达了（人物）…… 拟人：把XX拟人化（或赋予人的情感），生动形象的表现了……（或描绘出……的画面，写出了事物……的特点）排比：使句式更整齐，气势更强调了（事物）的……，突出了（事物）……的特点反问：这个反问句的意思是……，以强烈的语气表达了（人物）……的感情设问：开头出现，其作用通常为“设置悬念，吸引读者” 文中或结尾出现，其作用通常为“引起了对……的问题的关注（或引人深思），给人以启迪，突出了文章的主旨” 借代：用XX代XX，使被借代的更加具体，生动表达了什么感情或特点引用：引用诗句，其作用通常为“增强文章的诗情画意，
使文章语言更优美（或引用诗句是为了说明……）” 引用故事，神话传说，其作用通常为“增强文章的趣味性，吸引读者” 4.文章运用表现手法作用：例题：请问这题用了怎样的写作手法，读文章有何好处（意义）？ （1）对比，作用：XX和XX形成鲜明对比，突出人（事）物XX的特点 （2）象征，作用：使文章立意深远，含蕴深刻 （3）伏笔，作用：对将要出现的XX事物作暗示，为情节发展作铺垫（4）照应，作用：使文章结构严谨，使文章主题更加鲜明，使文章更加严密 （5）烘托、渲染，作用：表现环境，营造氛围，抒发情感，突出主题 5.某段起什么作用： （1）开头，作用： A、引起下文 B、点名所要描写的对象 C、照应文章标题 D、设置悬念，吸引读者 E、为情节发展埋下伏笔 （2）此段在文中，作用： A、承上启下的过渡作用 B、为情节发展埋下伏笔，推动情节发展（3）结尾，作用： A、总结全文 B、揭示文章主旨 C、照应前文 D、照应题目 E、引人深思 6.文中画线句、段运用何种描写方法，有何作用：
【10篇】部编人教三年级下册语文下册课外阅读训练及答案1．阅读短文，回答问题。 古诗中赞美荷花的确实不少。荷花固然值得赞美，然而，我却更爱荷叶。看啊，这些荷叶墨绿、浑圆、厚重。风雨袭来，它们紧密团结，连成一片，不怕风吹雨打，就是身子翻过来也忘我地保护荷花。烈日吐火，它们个个撑起翠盖，挡住炎热．静静地看着阴凉处的鱼戏虾游。 荷叶作为药材_____可去火清热_____作为特别的包装材料_____荷叶不怕油污_____不怕水浸_____不怕烟熏_____用荷叶煮成的粥_____碧绿清香_____清爽可口_____ 当人们指点、欣赏荷花时，荷叶从不计较，不争名，不求利，不出风头，不论地位。它总是默默地工作，默默地战斗。荷叶是美的，最吸引我的是它的心灵美。所以我更爱荷叶。 （1）给文章加上恰当的题目。 （2）用波浪线画出荷叶样子的语句。 （3）在横线上填入适当的标点。 荷叶作为药材________可去火清热________作为特别的包装材料________荷叶不怕油污________不怕水浸________不怕烟熏________用荷叶煮成的粥________碧绿清香________清爽可口________ （4）文中画线句子的意思是（） A. “我”不爱荷花，只爱荷叶。 B. 荷花不值得赞美。 C. 荷花值得赞美，但荷叶更值得赞美。 【答案】（1）我爱荷叶 （2）看啊，这些荷叶墨绿、浑圆、厚重。 （3），；；；，；，；，；；；，；，；…… （4）C 【解析】【分析】（1）考查拟定标题。阅读短文，梳理段落，就可以概括出短文的主要内容，再进一步提炼标题。 （2）考查对课文内容的理解能力。解答时要带着问题细读课文整体感知文章内容，就能找到答案。 （3）此题主要考查学生对标点符号的掌握及运用。常用的点号有顿号、逗号、分号、句号、问号、冒号、叹号；常用的标号有引号、省略号、破折号、书名号、括号等。要了解标点符号的基本用法，重点掌握每一种标点符号的特殊用法，能正确使用标点符号。 （4）解答此类题目关键是抓住各项表述的要点，结合划线句子比较判断。 故答案为：（1）我爱荷叶（2）看啊，这些荷叶墨绿、浑圆、厚重。（3），；，，，；，，…… （4）C 【点评】（1）此题主要考查提炼文章标题的能力。 （2）此题考查在理解课文的基础上筛选相关信息的能力。 （3）对于标点符号的考查有选择题、加标点题、修改题。所以平时的学习中，我们要用心体会标点符号的用法，书写过程中也要做到尽可能正确的使用标点符号，另外对于一些标点符号的特殊用法要加以积累。还要注意标点符
阅读短文回答问题学案 2014.4.3 一、阅读下列小文段，根据问题和文段内容回答问题。 （要求在题干上划出关键词，在文章中划出答题依据） 1. Camping in your backyard is full of fun, whatever your age. It's great for keeping us relaxed. It offers chances to check the night sky and to be noisier than usual. It lets us have friends over to stay who might not fit inside the house! (2013 年中考） 64. Is camping in the backyard great fun? ———————————————————————— 2. Music, like language, is a special human form of communication. Also like language, there are many different kinds. In North America, people listen to jazz, rock, classical, folk, country, and many other kinds of music.(2013年昌平二模） 66.Is music all over the world different or the same? 3. Smokejumpers are a special kind of firefight. they jump from planes into areas that difficult to reach by car or on foot. they race to put out fires as fast as they can.(2012年中考） 64. What are Smokejumpers? —————————————————————————— 65. Where do the jump from? ———————————————————————————— 4. You do not always need to have new things .Suppose your sneakers have broken , hut they still fit you . Repair them and wear them longer. You don’t have to have the latest iPhone until the old one doesn’t work any more. Then you can get anew one .Think twice before replacing that still works（2011年中考） 67. When do we need to get a new iPhone ? ———————————————————————————— 5. In 2007, people in China paid much attention to a big problem. People were throwing away 27 million plastic bags a day! People had “Bye-Bye Throwaway Culture Week.”They wanted everyone to see how polluted it was to throw away so many plastic bags. In 2008, China passed new laws against them. 78. Why did Chinese people have “Bye-Bye Throwaway Culture Week”? ———————————————————————————— 6. Make memories. Plan some activities. You're camping in the backyard, so it's time to make the most of being outdoors. Have a camera nearby to take silly photos of you, your family members, and your friends. Take one large group shot with everyone smiling and laughing. Be sure to make copies for everyone!(2013中考） 67.How do we make memories?
部编小学六年级上册阅读短文及答案 一、语文课内外阅读理解 1．阅读下文，回答问题。 雨之歌 纪伯伦 我是根根晶亮的银线，神把我从天穹撒向人间，于是大自然拿我去把千山万壑装点。 我是颗颗璀璨的珍珠，从阿施塔特女神的皇冠上散落下来，于是清晨的女儿把我偷去，用以镶嵌绿野大地。 我哭，山河却在欢乐；我掉落下来，花草却昂起了头，挺起了腰，绽开了笑脸。 云彩和田野是一对情侣，我是他们之间传情的信使：这位干渴难耐，我去解除，那位相思成病，我去医治。 雷声隆隆闪似剑，为我鸣锣开道；一道彩虹挂青天，宣告我行程终了。尘世人生也是如此：开始于盛气凌人的物质的铁蹄之下，终结在不动声色的死神的怀抱。 我从湖中升起，借着以太的翅膀翱翔。一旦我见到美丽的园林，便落下来，吻着花儿的芳唇，拥抱着青枝绿叶，使得草木更加清润迷人。在寂静中，我用纤细的手指轻轻地敲击着窗户上的玻璃，于是那敲击声构成一种乐曲，启迪那些敏感的心扉。 我是大海的叹息，是天空的泪水，是田野的微笑。这同爱情何其酷肖：它是感情大海的叹息，是思想天空的泪水，是心灵田野的微笑。 （1）写出下列词语的近义词。 装点——________ 解除——________ 清润——________ （2）“我哭，山河却在欢乐。”说说你对这句话的理解。 （3）诗人笔下的雨有什么特点？诗人借雨歌颂了什么？ （4）这首诗诗人采用了什么修辞手法来描写雨，表达了诗人什么样的感情？ 【答案】（1）装饰；消除；温润 （2）下雨了，雨水滋润了山河大地。 （3）雨是奉献者。歌颂了无私奉献的精神。 （4）拟人的修辞手法。表达了诗人对生活的热爱。 【解析】【分析】（1）本题主要考查对近义词的辨析能力。近义词，是指词汇意义相同或相近的词语，解答本题，要理解词语的意思，然后写出所给词语的近义词。答案合理即可，不唯一。 （2）理解文章语句的含义，一要结合具体的语境，二要结合文中人物的情感。根据词句原本意义，结合具体语境，理解、分析、推断词句的不同含义，去深入理解词句的真正含义。 （3）“借物抒情，托物言志”就是通过对雨的具体的描写，来表现自己的心态，展示自己的人生态度和对自然、人生的感悟，思考的一种表现手法，这类文章写景状物不是目的，它是为抒情言志做铺垫的。 （4）把握思想感情，解答本题应根据对课文内容的整体感知与理解，结合着具体语句分析作答。
阅读材料回答问题。 梦想与理想是全然不同的两种境界。梦想再美，仅仅从属于个人，它是满足自我的一己的追求，精致细小地限于狭窄的内心天地里。理想却是一种责任，一种事业，一种用献身精神为动力的人类的共同追求。尽管在理想的追求中也要遭到困扰和阻挠，我却喜欢它壮阔的气势，集体的荣誉感，强有力的有血有肉的硬碰硬的奋争，无论它成功或失败，都富有同样的人生价值。成年人未必没有梦想，但只有把梦想转化为理想，才能获得一生意义上的升华。夜深人静，把昨日的梦想和今日的理想放在一起体味，我听到了一片深广、醉人的人生交响曲。有如天上的浮云汇成雷雨交加的浩荡天空，又如碧澈的江流涌入汹涌的大海。这才是享受。 （1）为什么作者认为“梦想与理想是全然不同的两种境界”？ _（1）因为作者认为梦想体现了对个人利益的追求，而理想却是一种责任，一种事业，一种用献身精力的人类的共同追求，是人生境界的升华。 （2）要把梦想转化为理想，你现在应该做些什么？ （2）应该对人生做出长远规划；根据自己的能力、兴趣等实际情况，对自己的理想进行调整，需要自身的能力，提高自身素质等。 正确对待理想与现实 理想：是我们在学业成就、未来职业、道德人格甚至家庭生活方面追求的目标，代表着我们对生命的一种盼望，反映了我们对生活的积极态度。人生就是立足现实，不断追求各种具体理想的历程。 理想与现实的区别和联系： 区别：①理想来源于现实，是现实的升华；②现实是向目标进取的立足点和出发点；③理想不等于现实，理想高于现实。 联系：①现实孕育着理想，是理想的基础；②在一定条件下，理想可以转化为现实。 崇高的理想的重要意义: ①崇高理想是实现人生价值的精神力量，是照耀人们前进的指路明灯，是人们不懈奋斗的精神支柱； ②崇高理想是社会进步的助推器； ③崇高理想是我国各民族团结、共同奋斗的精神力量。 正确认识个人与国家关系的意义： 当一个人能正确认识个人与国家的关系时，他就会时刻关心国家的发展与安危。这是一种发自内心的自觉地爱国情感，也是公民应具备的高尚品质。 立报效祖国之志的作用：当一个人下决心为祖国的独立、尊严、荣誉、富强而贡献自己的一切时，就会产生无私无畏的巨大动力和坚忍不拔的毅力。 个人的成长与哪些外部因素息息相关: ①个人的成长离不开他人的关心和帮助，我们的每一点进步，都凝聚着无数人的关爱； ②个人的成长离不开社会的支持，个人的发展与祖国的前途息息相关。我们的家乡和祖国，我们的党和人民，为我们的成长提供了良好的环境和条件。 个人利益与国家民族利益的关系: ①我们要正确认识个人利益与国家民族利益的关系。 ②个人利益的实现，不能以损害国家和民族的利益为前提。我们应该以国家和民族的利益为重，不能只看到个人利益。 ③当我们自身利益与国家民族利益发生冲突时，要首先想到国家和民族的利益。 正确的人才观和职业观：
一年级下册阅读理解100篇及答案1 一、一年级语文下册阅读理解练习 1．阅读短文，完成练习。聪明的梅花鹿 有一只老虎，遇见一只梅花鹿。老虎很想吃梅花鹿。便是它从来没有见过梅花鹿，不知道梅花鹿有什么本领，就问：“你满身的斑点是做什么用的啊？”梅花鹿说：“这是我吃老虎的记号，我吃一只老虎，身上就长一个斑点。”老虎一听，吓得拔腿就跑。 （1）短文共有________句话。 （2）在横线上填上合适的量词。一________老虎一________斑点一________水缸 一________小花一________主意 （3）填空聪明的________ 荷叶飞快地________ 叫 多彩的________ 梅花鹿大声地________ 爬 圆圆的________ 季节慢慢地________ 跑 【答案】（1）4 （2）只；个；口；朵；个 （3）梅花鹿；跑；季节；叫；荷叶；爬 【解析】 2．读短文，完成练习。 两只小鸟 雨，哗哗哗地下着，树叶、树干全被淋湿了。飞禽走兽都在寻找避雨的地方。 有两只聪明的小鸟，飞到草地上，躲进蘑菇伞下。蘑菇伞摇晃晃地支撑着。 一只小鸟说：“我的左边淋雨了，你往右边靠一靠！” 另一只小鸟说：“我的右边淋湿了，你往左边靠一靠！” 你争我吵，你拥我挤，谁也不往外边靠一靠。挤着，挤着，“咔嚓”一声，蘑菇伞断了……两只小鸟红着脸蛋儿，你看看我，我看看你，不知说什么好！ 雨，仍在哗哗哗地下着…… （1）这篇短文共有________个自然段。 （2）在文中找出下列词语的近义词或反义词。 ①近义词：争——________ ②反义词：左——________ （3）那把蘑菇伞为什么会断掉？请你把文中相关的句子找出来，画上“________”。 （4）如果你是其中一只小鸟，你会怎样做？ 【答案】（1）7 （2）吵；右 （3）蘑菇伞摇晃晃地支撑着。你争我吵，你拥我挤，谁也不往外边靠一靠。挤着，挤着，“咔嚓”一声，蘑菇伞断了…… （4）略 【解析】
阅读理解答题技巧模板 1，如何找文章的中心句？ 文章的中心句就是能揭示文章中心思想的句子。捕捉文章的中心句，首先要熟读文章，理解文章内容，再找出能揭示文章中心的句子。其次，是要掌握文章中心句子的特点。那么如何找中心句呢？一般在开篇，或结尾，一般是议论性总结性的句子。 1）从题目去找。题目是文章的眼睛，往往有的题目就是中心句。 2）从总起句去找。文章开头的总起句，一般都揭示了全文内容，所以就是中心句。 3）从结尾上去找。有些文章的结尾，往往总结全文，点明中心。 4）从反复句上去找。有的文章为了突出某种意思，并给读者留下深刻的印象，往往反复出现同一个句子，它就是中心句。 2．如何概括文章内容？ 1）此文记叙了（描写了、说明了）……的故事(事迹、经过、事件、景物)。即谁做了什么。 2）表现了(赞美了、揭示了、讽刺了、反映了、歌颂了、揭露了、批判了)……。 3）抒发了作者的……的感情。 3．如何为文章拟标题。 （1）核心人物（2）核心事物(3)核心事件（4）作者情感或者中心 4，某句（段）话在文中有什么作用？ 至少要写出它在文章里的字面意思（表面意思）和表达出来的思想感情或深刻道理（内在意思）。 常用的作用有：渲染气氛、烘托人物形象（或人物感情）、点明中心（揭示主旨）、突出主题（深化中心） 答题模式（主要从结构上） 1.文首：开篇点题；照应题目；总领全文；渲染气氛，埋下伏笔；设置悬念，为下文作辅垫；引起下文；点题。 2. 文中：承上启下（过渡）；总领下文；总结上文；呼应前文；推动情节发展。 3. 文末：点明中心；升华中心；总结全文；升华感情；深化中心；深化主题；照应开头，结构严谨；画龙点睛；言有尽而意无穷。 5，记叙顺序及作用？ （1）顺叙（按事情发展先后顺序）作用：叙事有头有尾，条理清晰，读起来脉络清楚、印象深刻。 （2）倒叙（先写结果，再交待前面发生的事。）作用：造成悬念、吸引读者，避免叙述的平板单调，增强文章的生动性。 （3）插叙（叙事时中断线索，插入相关的另一件事。）作用：对情节起补充、衬托作用，丰富形象，突出中心。6，修辞方法及作用 （1）比喻：使事物描写生动形象/具体可感。 （2）拟人：赋予事物以人的性格、思想、感情和动作，使物人格化，使事物描写生动形象/具体可感。 （3）夸张：突出特征，揭示本质，表达某种强烈的思想感情，给读者以鲜明而强烈的印象。 （4）排比：条理清晰，节奏鲜明，增强语势，给人一气呵成之感，增强文章的说服力和感染力。 （5）对偶：形式整齐，音韵和谐，互相映衬，互为补充。 （6）反复：强调某种意思，强烈抒情，富有感染力。 （7）设问：自问自答，引人注意，启发思考。 （8）反问：态度鲜明，加强语气，强烈抒情，发人深思，给人深刻印象。注：必须结合相关语句分析。
文章，然后回答问题。陈胜者，阳城人也，字涉。吴广者，阳夏人也，字叔。陈涉少时，尝与人佣耕，辍耕之垄上，怅恨久之，曰：“苟富贵，无相忘。”佣者笑而应曰：“若为佣耕，何富贵也？”陈涉太息曰：“嗟乎！燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉！”二世元年七月，发闾左谪戍渔阳，九百人屯大泽乡。陈胜、吴广皆次当行，为屯长。会天大雨，道不通，度已失期。失期，法皆斩。陈胜、吴广乃谋曰：“今亡亦死，举大计亦死；等死，死国可乎？”陈胜曰：“天下苦秦久矣。吾闻二世少子也，不当立，当立者乃公子扶苏。扶苏以数谏故，上使外将兵。今或闻无罪，二世杀之。百姓多闻其贤，未知其死也。项燕为楚将，数有功，爱士卒，楚人怜之。或以为死，或以为亡。今诚以吾众诈自称公子扶苏、项燕，为天下唱，宜多应者。”吴广以为然。乃行卜。卜者知其指意，曰：“足下事皆成，有功。然足下卜之鬼乎！”陈胜、吴广喜，念鬼，曰：“此教我先威众耳。”乃丹书帛曰“陈胜王”，置人所罾鱼腹中。卒买鱼烹食，得鱼腹中书，固以怪之矣。又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中，夜篝火，狐鸣呼曰“大楚兴，陈胜王”。卒皆夜惊恐。旦日，卒中往往语，皆指目陈胜。【小题1】解释下列字词在文中的意思。（1）会天大雨会：（2）以数谏故数：（3）楚人怜之怜：（4）所罾鱼腹中罾：【小题2】翻译下列句子。燕雀安知鸿鹄之志哉！又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠中【小题3】“燕雀”“鸿鹄”各比喻什么？【小题4】导致陈胜吴广农民起义的根本原因和直接原因分别是什么？（用原文回答）【小题5】陈胜吴广为什么要鱼腹藏书、篝火狐鸣？对这种做法你是如何评价的？答案【小题1】(1)适逢，恰巧遇到 (2)屡次(3)爱怜 (4)用网捕【小题2】(1)燕雀怎么知道鸿鹄的志向呢？(2)又暗地里派吴广到驻地旁边的丛林里的神庙中【小题3】(1)“燕雀”比喻见识短浅的人。“鸿鹄”比喻有远大抱负的人。【小题4】根本原因：天下苦秦久矣；直接原因：失期，法皆斩。【小题5】(1)制造舆论，鼓动人心，树立威信，让士卒相信“大楚兴，陈胜王”的必然趋势。(2)利用当时普遍存在的敬奉鬼神的习俗来制造舆论，达到了很好的宣传效果，这样做显出了陈胜等组织起义的足智多谋。解析【小题1】试题分析：“会”与“怜”是古今异义字词，“会”古义是“恰逢”，“怜”古义是“爱”。“数”是一词多义，有“多”有“几”有“计算”等义，句中是“多次”。“罾”，课文注释中注明，要记忆，本义是鱼网，句中作用动词：用网捕。考点：文言字词解释点评：本题不难，这几个字词，学习中老师都会讲到。学习古文，首先要记课文注释中对生僻字的解释，注意古文中一词多义和古今异义现象。【小题2】试题分析：这是一句名句，“燕雀”是小鸟，“鸿鹄”是天鹅，“安”表示疑问语气：怎么，“志”，指“志向”，“哉”是古文中常见的语气词：呢。第二句中的“间”是古今异义字词，古义有“一会儿”“挑拨”“私下”的意思，本句中是“私下”，“之”是动词“去往”，“次”是“驻扎”，“所”是“地方”，“丛”是树林。考点：翻译文言句子点评：本题有难度，对于名篇中的名句，学生熟悉，但第二句中很多字词学生不好理解。对于名篇中名句，不能死记硬背，理解其意义时，也只理解其文字表现的意思，要深刻理解其含义。翻译，一方面是为了学习文言语言，一方面也为了理解其含义。【小题3】试题分析：先理解“燕雀”“鸿鹄”是什么鸟，从它们的形象和特点上即可理解作者的比喻义，从句中含义理解也可以。考点：句子含义理解点评：本题不难，句意明确。古人说理抒情，常用比喻，古诗中更常见，比如“落花不是无情物”“蜡炬成灰泪始干”等。要注意学习这种方法，多积累这样的句子，作写作的材料。【小题4】试题分析：“根本原因”指向的是矛盾双方对立的根源，即阶级矛盾，“直接原因”指的是引起事件发生的导火线，即某一起因，据此了解在文中找到相关的句子。考点：文意分析点评：本题不难，这是学习中老师重点讲授的问题，学生可以不用多加思考或组织语言即能作答。此类题，虽然考的是阅读题，其实学生根本不用阅读文段，凭记忆回答，所以，这样的题没什么意义。【小题5】试题分析：要从历史背景和文章写作的时代去理解，从背景来说，中国百姓有“愚昧”的思想，“尊君”思想重要，不敢反抗，而又相信天意，从时代来说，几千年前，人们确
论述类文本阅读之答题步骤 〔典型示例〕 一、阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。 殷墟甲骨文是商代晚期刻在龟甲兽骨上的文字，是商王室及其他贵族利用龟甲兽骨占 卜吉凶时写刻的卜辞和与占卜有关的记事文字。殷墟甲骨文的发现对中国学术界产生了巨 大而深远的影响。 甲骨文的发现证实了商王朝的存在。历史上，系统讲述商史的是司马迁的《史记·殷 本纪》，但此书撰写的时代距商代较远：即使公认保留了较多商人语言的《尚书·盘庚》 篇，其中亦多杂有西周时的词语，显然是被改造过的文章。因此，胡适曾主张古史作为研 究对象，可“缩短二三千年，从诗三百篇做起”。甲骨文的发现，将商人亲手书写、契刻 的文字展现在学者面前，使商史与传说时代分离而进入历史时代。特别是1917年王国维写了《殷卜辞中所见先公先王考》及《续考》，证明《史记·殷本纪》与《世本》所载殷王 世系几乎皆可由卜辞资料印证，是基本可靠的。论文无可辩驳地证明《殷本纪》所载的商 王朝是确实存在的。 甲骨文的发现也使《史记》之类的历史文献中有关中国古史记载的可信性增强。因为 这一发现促使史学家们想到，既然《殷本纪》中的商王世系基本可信，司马迁的《史记》 也确如刘向、扬雄所言是一部“实录”，那么司马迁在《史记·夏本纪》中所记录的夏王 朝与夏王世系恐怕也不是向壁虚构。特别是在20世纪20年代疑古思潮流行时期，甲骨文 资料证实了《殷本纪》与《世本》的可靠程度，也使历史学家开始摆脱困惑，对古典文献 的可靠性恢复了信心。 甲骨文的发现同时引发了震撼中外学术界的殷墟发掘。“五四运动”促使中国的历史 学界发生两大变化：一是提倡实事求是的科学态度，古史辨派对一切经不住史证的旧史学 的无情批判，使人痛感中国古史上科学的考古资料的极端贫乏：二是历史唯物主义在史学 界产生了巨大影响。1925年王国维在清华国学研究院讲授《古史新证》，力倡“二重证据 法”，亦使中国历史学研究者开始注重地下出土的新材料。这些历史因素对近代考古学在 中国的兴起具有催生作用。1928年秋，当时的中央研究院历史语言研究所开始发掘殷墟， 其最初的目的乃是继续寻找甲骨。而第二次发掘时，已从主要寻找甲骨变成了对整个遗址 所有遗存的科学发掘。 甲骨文的发现还大大加速了对传统的中国文字学的改造。汉代以后中国的文字学家崇 尚许慎的《说文解字》，传统的文字学主要是《说文》学；但由于北宋以来金石学的发展， 特别是对金文的研究，已不断地用商周古文字对《说文》的文字学进行补充。到了清代， 对金石学的研究进一步深入，使《说文》的权威性受到了较大的冲击。甲骨文的发现提供 了汉字的早期形式，其构成离小篆甚远，多有象形、会意文字，令当时学者眼界大开。《说文》以小篆为本解释字源的理论难以维持，从此中国文字学就进入了一个新的时期。
小学四年级阅读训练10篇+答案
家乡的蒿笋 我的家乡——武进市，有一种“专利特产”——蒿笋。它有一个奇怪的特性，就是它只产于江阴到丹阳之间沿长江的地段。过了这个地段，穿乡过村，也难于寻觅它的踪迹了。家乡流传着一个美丽的传说：当年王母娘娘下凡云游人间，来到我们这鱼米之乡时，看到这儿物产丰富，风景秀丽，人民善良，心里留恋不舍，离去时便把头上的银簪留在了江边。从此以后，这里就有了洁白美味的蒿笋。 每年初春，江边的芦苇刚刚发芽，蒿笋便随之探出了小脑袋，到了春夏之交，芦苇在河滩上织成青纱帐，蒿笋经过一个春天的生长，变得白白胖胖了。它们把身子隐藏在芦苇丛中，等待人们去采集。人们把新鲜的蒿笋剥去了一层外皮，便露出了里面洁白无瑕的笋芯，鲜嫩得仿佛吹弹可破——这便可以用来制作鲜美的菜肴了。 蒿笋的吃法很多，（）每种做法各有各的妙处，（）总少不了鲜、嫩、香、脆这四大特点。这个季节，正值长江边上又一特产——籽虾上市的时候。于是，蒿笋烧籽虾也就成为家乡的一道名菜，人们形象地称之为“银条托金虾”。瞧，白嫩的蒿笋上托着鲜红金亮的籽虾，红白相间，看一眼就会使人心醉；扑鼻的浓香沁人心脾，仿佛渗入了每一个细胞，使人胃口大开，垂涎欲滴；夹一段放入口中，只那么轻轻一咬，随着“咔”的一声脆响，一股奇特的鲜味从舌尖渐渐扩散开来，一直鲜到心里。 蒿笋（）香浓味鲜，美味可口，（）有着很高的营养价值。它含有丰富的维生素A和多种微量元素，还有降低胆固醇、防止血管硬化的功效呢！ 来吧，请到我的家乡来作客，勤劳淳朴的家乡人们一定会让您尝尝家乡的珍
品——蒿笋！ （1）在文中的括号里填上合适的关联词语。 （2）写出下列词语的反义词。 美丽（）善良（）隐藏（） （3）蒿笋生长在哪里？请用直线画出有关的句子。 （4）用蒿笋做的菜有哪些特点？ 麻雀 这是群精明的家伙。 它们贼头贼脑，似乎心眼儿极多，北方人称它们“老家贼”。它们几千年来生活在人间，精明成了它们必备的本领。你看，所有麻雀不都是这样吗？春去秋来的候鸟黄莺儿，每每经过城市就有一批成了人们晚间酒桌上的一碟新鲜的佳肴，麻雀却在人间活下来。 这种活在人间的鸟儿，长得细长精瘦，有一双显得过大的黑眼睛，目光却十分锐利。由于时时提防人，它得处处盯着人的一举一动。脑袋仿佛一刻不停地转动着，机警地左顾右盼。它们每时每刻都在躲着人，不叫人接近它们，哪怕那个人并没看见它，它也赶忙逃掉。它要在人间觅食，还要识破人们布下的种种圈套，诸如支起的箩筐，挂在树上的铁夹子，张在空间透明的网等等。有时地上有一粒亮晶晶的米，它也只能用饥渴的日光远远地盯着它，却没有飞过去叼起米来的勇气。它盯着、叫着，然后腾身而去——这是因为它看见了米粒旁边有东西在晃动，惹起它的疑心或警觉。
阅读下列材料回答问题 以下是为大家整理的阅读下列材料回答问题的相关范文，本文关键词为阅读,下列,材料,回答,问题,，您可以从右上方搜索框检索更多相关文章，如果您觉得有用，请继续关注我们并推荐给您的好友，您可以在高考高中中查看更多范文。 ）阅读下列材料回答问题： 材料一：《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方第15次会议于20XX 年12月7—19日在丹麦首都哥本哈根召开。各国对于气候变化以及未来以低碳经济为主导的全新增长模式的关注与认同与日俱增。 材料二：我国目前能源基本生产量仅次于俄罗斯和美国，居世界第3位，基本消费量占世界10．4％，居世界第2位。我国目前的温室气体排放量接近美国，居世界第二位。在哥本哈根会议召开前10天，中国正式对外公布控制温室气体排放的行动目标，决定到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比20XX年下降40％至45％。中国国务院总理温家宝12月18日在丹麦哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上发表了题为《凝聚共识，加强合作，推进应对气候变化历史进程》的重要讲话，再次向全世界作了上述承诺。材料三：中国与世界能源
消费构成对比。 材料四：北欧相关资料 （1）根据全球气候变暖成因与危害之间的关系，填出表格中各字母所表示的内容。 a；b；c；d。（8分） （2）我国目前能源消费结构与世界能源消费结构相比差异主要表现在。（4分） （3）简要说明我国co2排放总量大的原因，并就此谈谈我国控制co2排放量，实施低碳经济的可行性措施。（10分） （4）丹麦的气候特点是，该国气候对种植业不利的影响是。（4分） （5）材料四中景观A与景观b所示的自然景观不同，但它们的成因相同，成因是（1）毁林燃烧矿物燃料极冰融化沿海低地被淹（8分） （2）煤炭消费比重大；石油、天然气比重低；核电（太阳能、风能）等清洁能源消费比重低；（答出一点得2分，满分4分）（3）原因：人口总量大，经济高速增长，能源消费总量大；矿物能（煤、石油和天然气）占能源消费构成的比重极高。（4分）