往年考研英语基础阶段测试题及答案
Section I Vocabulary and Structure (36 points) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center。
1. She ought to stop work; she has a headache because she ________ too long。
A. has been reading
B. had read
C. is reading
D. read
2. Niagara Falls is a great tourist ________, drawing millions of visitors every year。
A. attention
B. attraction
C. appointment
D. arrangement
3. The hopes, goals, fears and desires ________ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor。
A. alter
B. shift
C. transfer
D. vary
4. Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ________ in Cuba。
A. being cultivated
B. been cultivated
C. having
cultivated D. cultivating
5. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ________ on benches, chairs or boxes。
A. having seated
B. seating
C. seated
D. having been seated
6. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ________ comfortably。
A. is worn
B. wears
C. wearing
D. are worn
7. Some diseases are ________ by certain water animals。
A. transplanted
B. transformed
C. transported
D. transmitted
8. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders ________ will happen to her private life。
A. that
B. what
C. it
D. this
9. —May I speak to your manager Mr. Williams at five o’clock tonight?
—I’m sorry. Mr. Williams ________ to a conference long before then。
A. will have gone
B. had gone
C. would have gone
D. has gone
10. You ________ him so closely; you should have kept
your distance。
A. shouldn’t follow
B. mustn’t follow
C. couldn’t have been following
D. shouldn’t have been following
11. We agreed to accept ________ they thought was the best tourist guide。
A. whatever
B. whomever
C. whichever
D. whoever
12. It is our ________ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means。
A. consistent
B. continuous
C. considerate
D. continual
13. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded ________27%。
A. by
B. for
C. to
D. in
14. Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful ________ it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors。
A. by which
B. to which
C. in that
D. so that
15. He is ________ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year。
A. optimistic
B. optional
C. outstanding
D. obvious
16. Sometimes I wish I ________ in a different time and a different place。
A. be living
B. were living
C. would lived
D. would have lived
17. The director was critical ________ the way we were doing the work。
A. at
B. in
C. of
D. with
18. In a sudden ________ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach。
A. attack
B. burst
C. split
D. blast
19. ________ she realized it was too late to go home。
A. No sooner it grew dark than
B. Hardly did it grow dark that
C. Scarcely had it grown dark than
D. It was not until dark that
20. In Britain people ________ four million tons of potatoes every year。
A. swallow
B. dispose
C. consume
D. exhaust
21. I’d ________ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan。
A. take into account
B. account for
C. make up for
D. make out
22. It is essential that these application forms ________ back as early as possible。
A. must be sent
B. will be sent
C. are sent
D. be sent
23. She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it ________ enough to eat。
A. mild
B. slight
C. light
D. tender
24. A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough ________。
A. nuisance
B. trouble
C. worry
D. anxiety
25. These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you ________ you need。
A. all the information
B. all the informations
C. all of information
D. all of the information
26. Young people are not ________ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in。
A. conservative
B. content
C. confident
D. generous
27. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is ________。
A. granted
B. implied
C. exaggerated
D. remedied
28. I have no objection ________ your story again。
A. to hear
B. to hearing
C. to having heard
D. to have heard
29. The clothes a person wears may express his ________ or social position。
A. curiosity
B. status
C. determination
D. significance
30. You will see this product ________ wherever you go。
A. to be advertised
B. advertised
C. advertise
D. advertising
31. The early pioneers had to ________ many hardships to settle on the new land。
A. go along with
B. go back on
C. go through
D. go into
32. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, ________ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women。
A. whose
B. which
C. that
D. what
33. I didn’t know the word. I had to ________ a dictionary。
A. look out
B. make out
C. refer to
D. go over
34. The professor could hardly find sufficient
grounds ________ his arguments in favor of the new theory。
A. to be based on
B. to base on
C. which to base on
D. on which to base
35. There are signs ________ restaurants are becoming more popular with families。
A. that
B. which
C. in which
D. whose
36. It is said that the math teacher seems ________ towards bright students。
A. partial
B. beneficial
C. preferable
D. liable Section II Cloze (10 points)
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. You should write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET。
If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain __37__ consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family __38__ he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for
sowing, as an insurance __39__ the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to __40__ old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to __41__ the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation __42__ and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be __43__. He must either sell some of his property or __44__ extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low __45__ of interest, but loans of this kind are not __46__ obtainable。
37. [A] other than [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than
38. [A] only if [B] much as [C] long before [D] ever since
39. [A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards
40. [A] replace [B] purchase [C] supplement [D] dispose
41. [A] enhance [B] mix [C] feed [D] raise
42. [A] vessels [B] routes [C] paths [D] channels
43. [A] self-confident [B] self-sufficient [C] self-satisfied [D] self-restrained
44. [A] search [B] save [C] offer [D] seek
45. [A] proportion [B] percentage [C] rate [D] ratio
46. [A] genuinely [B] obviously [C] presumably [D] frequently
Section III Reading Comprehension (24 points)
Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil。
Text 1
Tight-lipped elders used to say, It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get。
Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things。
You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list,
decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served。
Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services。
This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, you could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your wares and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner。
When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the
firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now。
47. What do the elders mean when they say, It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get。？
[A] You’ll certainly get what you want。
[B] It’s no use dreaming。
[C] You should be dissatisfied with what you have。
[D] It’s essential to set a goal for yourself。
48. [A] blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as ________。
[A] an illustration of how to write an application for a job
[B] an indication of how to secure a good job
[C] a guideline for job description
[D] a principle for job evaluation
49. According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because ________。
[A] that is the first step to please the employer
[B] that is the requirement of the employer
[C] it enables him to know when to sell his services
[D] it forces him to become clearly aware of himself
50. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something ________。
[A] definite to offer
[B] imaginary to provide
[C] practical to supply
[D] desirable to present
Text 2
Personality is to a large extent inherent—A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children。 One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the ‘win at all costs’ moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in
which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: Rejoice, we conquer!
By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful。
Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B’s. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management。
If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such
considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged。
51. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually ________。
[A] impatient
[B] considerate
[C] aggressive
[D] agreeable
52. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because ________。
[A] the pressure is too great on the students
[B] some students are bound to fail
[C] failure rates are too high
[D] the results of exanimations are doubtful
53. The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ________。
[A] candidates’ sensitivity
[B] academic achievements
[C] competitive spirit
[D] surer values
54. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ________。
[A] the personality of a child is well established at birth
[B] family influence dominates the shaping of one’s characteristics
[C] the development of one’s personality is due to multiple factors
[D] B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive society
Text 3
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: We posted
bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in Australia. It’s world history。
The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia —where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling。
Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two
doctors. After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, he says。
55. From the second paragraph we learn that ________。
[A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries
[B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia
[C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law
[D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law’s passage
56. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ________。
[A] observers are taking a wait and see attitude towards the future of euthanasia
[B] similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries
[C] observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes
[D] the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop
57. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________。
[A] face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia
[B] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient
[C] have an intense fear of terrible suffering
[D] undergo a cooling off period of seven days
58. The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________。
[A] opposition
[B] suspicion
[C] approval
[D] indifference
Section IV Translation (10 Points)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into
English (10 points)
59. 所有那些努力工作的人都应得到鼓励。
60. 我们恳切希望你早日给我们一个答复。
61. 即使你说服不了他，也不要灰心丧气。
62. 这件事至今还没有得出正确的结论。
63. 你讲英语时，发音要准，否则人家就听不懂你的意思。 Section V Writing (20 points)
DIRECTIONS:
[A] Title: FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN PARENT AND CHILD
[B] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)
[C] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence: Nowadays there is often a misunderstanding between parent and child。
[D] Your composition must be written clearly in the ANSWER SHEET。
OUTLINE:
1. Present situation: Lack of communication between parent and child
2. Possible reasons: 1) Different likes and dislikes
2) Misunderstanding 3) Others
3. Suggestions: 1) For parents 2) For children
测试题答案
Section I Vocabulary and Structure (36 points)
1-5 ABDAC 6-10 BDBAD 11-15 DAACA 16-20 BCBDC
21-25 ADDAA 26-30 BCBBB 31-35 CACDA 36 A
Section II Cloze (10 points)
37-41 CABAC 42-46 DBDCD
Section III Reading Comprehension (24 points)
47-50 BADA 51-54 CBBC 55-58 DBAC
Section IV Translation (10 Points)
59. All those who work hard should be encouraged。
60. We sincerely hope that you give us an early reply。
61. Don’t feel discouraged even if you should fail in persuading him。
62. So far no correct conclusion has been drawn on the matter。
63. When you speak English, your pronunciation should be correct. Otherwise you can’t make yourself understood。
Section V Writing (20 points)
For A Better Understanding Between Parent And Child
基础训练（9） 一．单词拼写。（Book one Unit 5） 1．The best we can hope for is a state of ____________ (和平的) coexistence between East and West. 2.It is ___________ (不公平的)that he gets very little in ____________ (酬劳) for his hard work. 3. It is well-known that all men are ____________ (平等的) in the eyes of the law. 4.Bill Gates is a ____________ (大方的)person，who has given away millions of dollars to help many poor children. 5.He was involved in a bank robbery and was ____________ (判刑)to three years in prison. 6. It is ____________ (不合法) to read people’s private letters without permission. 7.I remembered the beatings and the ____________ (残忍) of the guards and my friends who had died. 8. The girl wrapped herself with a ___________(毯子) to keep herself warm. 9. The famous actress first appeared on the _________(舞台) only in her teens. 10.The two boys who were _________（打架）in the playground were ordered to stop. 11. My uncle received a doctor’s ___________(学位) of medicine in America in 1998 and returned to China the following year. 12. He obtained 89% of the _________（选票）and was elected president of the Party. 13. Nelson Mandela was put in __________（监狱）a few times. 14. People often value the _________ （质量）of a product rather than its packaging. 15. The _________（罪犯）was charged with robbing a bank and _______________（判刑）to death. 16. He offered ____________ (指导) to poor black people on their legal problem. 17. My father was promoted to a higher ___________（职位）for his achievements. 18. I stayed in Japan for only a short ___________ (一段时间) of time. 19. Those boys are so helpful that they are always _________(乐意的) to help others. 20. George Bush was elected ___________ (总统) of the USA a second time in 2004. 21. All my family are well _________(受教育的), of whom my brother studied in Harvard University. 22 Some students are very ________（活跃的）in answering teachers’ questions while others just keep silent when asked any question. 23. I _________（真诚地）hope that you won’t let me down. 24. To his ________（恐惧）, he found a figure coming towards him in the darkness. 25. What really worries those parents is that there is too much sex and ___________ （暴力）on TV. 26. The rain ___________(连续) falling all afternoon. But it came to a stop by dark. 27. PRC is short for the People’s _____________(共和国) of China.. 28 The _________(青年时期) play an important role in building our country. 29 I have been a ___________(同盟,联盟) member for 3 years. 30 Stick to your ____________（原则）and tell him that you won’t do it. 31.A tiger __________（逃跑）from its cage in the zoo last week.
考研英语十二大基础语法体系 对于任何英语句子，要分析其结构，这样才能找到英语语言的规律。每种语言都有它的难点，汉语的难点在于汉语不是拼读语言，汉字很难写，而且有四种声调。其实，许多接触过多种外语的人都认为，英语的语法比法语、德语、俄语、日语等都简单，是最容易学的。著名语言学家乔姆斯基说过，语法是内生的、也就是随着语言的诞生而诞生的。因此，学习语法和学习语言是相辅相成的。 一、英语动词的时态 （一）英汉两种语言在时态表达方式上的差异： 英语的词类与汉语的不同。汉语词类形态稳定，比如“书”这个字，“一本书”、“三本书”都一样，没有词形变化。英语就不同了，book, books 仅从词形上就能知道是单数还是复数。 动词是英语中变化最多、最复杂的词类。有人说，学好英语就是学好动词，此言甚是。同一个动作或状态分别在不同时间发生或存在，表达这个动作或状态的动词就要用不同的形式，这就是时态。 （二）英语动词的形式： 英语的时态是通过动词的变化来体现的。因此，了解动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。英语的实义动词有以下五种形式：
(1) 动词原形：动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为非 第三人称单数的一般现在时，情态动词之后，或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。 (2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式（简称现单三）：主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。 (3) 过去式：主要用于一般过去时。 (4) 现在分词：主要用于进行时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 (5) 过去分词：主要用于完成时态，或语法规定的其他情况。 动词一般现在时第三人称单数（现单三）的构成，见下表： 词尾变化（规律与名 词变复数相同，读音 也与名词复数相同） 举例 一般加-s Help---helps; read---reads 在ch, sh, s, x 或元音字母o后面加-es Do, fix, pass, push, teach ---does, fixes, passes, pushes, teaches
考研阅读技巧 一、考研阅读的整体解题思路与步骤 时间分配：每篇16分钟最佳，最多可延长至20分钟左右。 第一步：快速划出段落序号以及各段首句0.5分钟 第二步：阅读首段，了解文章主题（Theme）1-2分钟 宏观把握，随机应变，根据第一段内容，才能更好的给定位打下基础。 第三步：扫描题干，尽量找出题干能够提供的信息（Key Words）1分钟 定位词的优先考虑顺序: 1、首先标出明确告诉位置的题目所在（某段某行） 2、专有名词优先，包括人名、地名、书名以及带引号的词等 3、数字、时间、时段（包括某些介词短语） 4、较长、较复杂的词组（名词动词词组优先） 5、重要的动词、形容词或副词等实词 6、条件词、因果词、比较词等虚词（往往起到辅助作用） 第四步：变速浏览原文，抓住中心7-8分钟 注意把握三个阅读原则： 原则一：首段原则（文章的第一段逐字读明白，可以反复和回读） 原则二：首末句原则（其余各段的首尾句要细读，其他各句正常阅读即可） 原则三：“路标”原则。所谓路标词，就是表示作者思想衔接和转折的功能词汇。 1、中心词 2、转折词 3、态度词 4、例证词 5、列举词 （具体请见第四部分）
第五步：仔细审题，定位原文3-5分钟 原则一：关键词定位原则 原则二：自然段定位原则 原则三：长难句定位原则 注意一：关键词在原文可能是原词本身，也可能是关键词的同义词。 注意二：问原因的问题，一般问主要原因（major reason） 注意三：“邪恶的眼睛”（in the eyes of），注意问的是谁的观点和态度。 第六步：重叠选项，斟酌答案。3-5分钟 原则：不能仅凭借印象做题，考研阅读的干扰项干扰性巨大，除了理解原文，分辨正确和错误的选项也是一种重要的基本功。一般对原文进行同义替换的是答案： 同义替换的手段有：a)关键词替换b)句型替换c)正话反说d)语言简化（总之，换汤不换药！） 原则一：选最佳答案而不是正确答案（四个选项都要认真看，不能偏心）。 原则二：不放过任何一个选项，仔细读每个选项，鉴于强干扰性，要求必须记住：选一个选项应有选的理由，不选一个选项也应有不选的理由。 原则三：每个选项都当成生命中最重要的句子，其中每个单词哪怕是时态、冠词都有可能引起错误。 二、考研阅读的猜题技巧及救命法则 1、“体现中心思想的选项往往是答案” 考研文章中所有的细节、例子、引语都是为了说明文章主旨、段落主旨，所以考细节的题目，虽然不是主旨题，但能体现中心思想的选项是答案的可能性要远远大于其他选项。 2、“不看文章时，看似极其合理的选项不是答案；看似不太合理的选项往往是答案”
displacement n. 移置 , 转移 , 取代 , 置换 , 位移 , 排水量dramatic adj. 戏剧性的 , 生动的 eventually adv. 最后 , 终 于 exhibit vt. 展出 , 陈列 n.展览品 , 陈列品 , 展品 v.展示exploitation n.开发 , 开采 , 剥削 , 自私的利用 , 宣传 , 广告 fluctuations n. 波动 , 起伏 highlighted adj. 突出的 implicit adj.暗示的 , 盲从的 , 含蓄的 , 固有的 , 不怀疑的, 绝对的 induced vt. 劝诱 , 促使 , 导致 , 引起 , 感应 inevitably adv. 不可避免 infrastructure n. 下部构造 , 基础下部组织 inspection n. 检查 , 视察 intensity n. 强烈 , 剧烈 , 强度 ,亮度 manipulation n. 处理 , 操作 , 操纵 offset n.抵销 , 弥补 , 分支 , vt.弥补 , 抵销 , 用平版印刷 vi.偏移 , 形成分支 paragraph n.(文章 )段 , 节 , 段落 plus prep.加上 adj.正的 , 加的 practitioners n. 从业者 , 开业者 predominantly adv.卓越的 , 支配的 , 主要的 , 突出的 , 有影响的 prospect n.景色 , 前景 , 前途 , 期望 vi. 寻找 , 勘探 radical adj. 根本的 , 基本的 , 激进的 n.激进分子 random n.随意 , 任意 adj.任意的 , 随便的 , 胡乱的adv.胡乱地 reinforce vt. 加强 , 增援 , 补充 , 增加 ...的数量 , 修补 , 加固n.加固物 restore vt.恢复 , 使回复 , 归还 , 交还 , 修复 , 重建 revision n. 修订 , 修改 , 修正 , 修订本 schedule n.时 间表 , 进度表 v.确定时间 tension n. 紧张 (状态 ), 不安 , 拉紧 , 压力 , 张力 , vt. 拉紧 , 使紧张 termination n. 终止 thereby adv.因此 , 从而 , 在那方面 , 在那附近 uniform adj. 统一的 , 相同的 , 一致的 ,；n.制服 vt.使成一 样 , 使穿制服 vehicle n. 交通工具 , 车辆 , 媒介物 , 传达手段 via prep.经 , 通过 , 经由 virtually adv. 事实上 , 实质上 widespread adj. 分布广泛的 , 普遍的 visual adj. 看的 , 视觉的 , 形象的 , 栩栩如生的accommodation n.住处 , 膳宿 , (车 , 船 , 飞机等的 )预定铺位 , (眼睛等的 )适应性调节 analogous adj.类似的 , 相似的 , 可比拟的 anticipate vt. 预期 , 期望 , 过早使用 , 先人一着 , 占先 v. 预订 , 预见 , 可以预料 assurance n.确信 , 断言 , 保证 , 担保attain vt. 达到 , 获得 v.达到 behalf n.为 , 利益 bulk n.大小 , 体积 , 大批 , 大多数 , 散装 vt.显得大 , 显得重 要 ceases v停.止 , 终了 ,n.停止 coherence n.一致 coincide vi. 一致 , 符合 commence v.开始，着手 concurrent n 同时发生的事件 adj.并发的，协作的，一致 的 confined adj. 被限制的，狭窄的，分娩 的 controversy n. 论战 ,争论 ,辩论 conversely adv.倒的 ,逆的 device n. 装置 ,设计 ,图案 ,策略 ,发明物 ,设备；【计】安 装设备驱动程序 devote v.投身于 ,献身于 diminish v.( 使 )减少 ,( 使)变小 distorted adj. 扭曲的 ,受到曲解 的 duration n. 持续时间 ,为期 erosion n. 腐蚀 ,浸蚀 ethical adj. 与伦理有关的 ,民族的 ,民族特有的 founded v.建立 ,创立 inherent adj.固有的 ,内在的 ,与生俱来的 insight n. 洞察力 ,见识 integral adj. 完整的 ,整体的 ,【数学】积分的 mature adj. 成熟的 ,到期的 ,充分考虑的 ,(票据等 )到期的 vt.使成熟vi. 成熟 ,到期 mediation n.仲裁 ,调解 ,调停 advocate n.提倡者 , 鼓吹者 vt.提倡 , 鼓吹 channel n.海峡 , 水道 , 沟 , 路线 vt.引导 , 开导 , 形成河道；信道 ,频道 classical adj.古典的 , 正统派的 , 古典文学的 comprehensive adj. 全面的 , 广泛的 , 能充分理解的 , 包容 的 comprise v.包含 , 由 ...组成 confirmed adj. 证实的 , 惯常的 , 慢性的 contrary adj.相反的 , 逆的 , decades n十.年 , 十 definite adj. 明确的 , 一定的 deny v.否认 , 拒绝 differentiation n. 区别 disposal n.处理 , 处置 , 布置 , 安排 , 配置 , 支配 empirical adj. 完全根据经验的 , 经验主义的 , 【化】实验式 equipment n.装备 , 设备 , 器材 , 装置 , 铁道车辆 , 才能extract n.精 , 汁 , 榨出物 , 摘录 , 选粹 vt.拔出 , 榨取 , 开方, 求根, 摘录, 析取, 吸取 foundation n.基础 , 根本 , 建立 , 创立 , 地基 , 基金 , 基金会
基础训练（10） 一．单词拼写。（Book four Unit 5） 1.The plane crashed in the tropical _________(丛林)and a few passengers miraculously survived. 2. What ________ (品牌)of cellphone do you use? Moto. 3. The __________(主题)of his lecture is to encourage young people to set goals in their life and try to achieve them with all efforts. 4. As humans, we should show respect for all living ___________(生物). 5. This library is fitted with modern __________(设备); it offers us a pleasant place to read and study. 6. We were __________(逗乐) by his funny stories at the party. 7. Are there any ___________(志愿者)clean the classroom? 8. Father bought me a pair of world famous __________(运动鞋). 9. You can see __________(种类) of animals in the zoo. 10. As a __________(翻译), you should know both Chinese and English quite well. 11. China is a country with a total of 55 __________(少数民族). 12. We take the ________ to and from work every day. It is very convenient 13. She likes to make a dress herself with the ________ (布料)she chooses. 14. Stop daydreaming a nd don’t live in a world of __________(幻想). 15. How much do you _________(要价) me for a single room per night? 16. For kids under 6, no ____________（入场费）is needed to the park. 17. The scientist is _____________(实验) with mice to test how well the new medicine works. 18. The new athlete’s ___________(技术) has improved a lot in the past season(赛季). 19. The company doubled its __________(利润) in the year of 2006. 20. While visiting a scenic spot people often buy some ___________(纪念品). 21. ___________(先进的)ways of management must brought in to improve the efficiency(效率). 22. I work out at the gym to build up an ________ (体格健壮的) build(体格). 二．代词专项训练。 1. No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of_________. A. others B. the other C. either D. another 2. I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than________ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those 3. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, ______ of them answered it. A. either B. none C. neither D. nobody 4. First, it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from _______. A. everyone else B. the other C. someone else D. the rest 5. You will find as you read this book that you just can't keep some of these stories to
基础差，考研英语一5个月备考如何考到75? 大家都知道考验是一个十分艰难的过程，从刚开始上大学的时候我从来没有过考研的想法，我是一个喜欢享受生活的人，所以不愿意把自己逼的那么“惨”。某天看到了朋友在朋友圈分享知乎上的一篇“心灵鸡汤”式文章，这碗鸡汤灌得我心服口服瞬间让我有了考研的想法。原因很简单，就像那句歌词唱的：“生活不止眼前的苟且，还有诗和远方的田野。”现在我就跟大家分享一下我基础差，英语到底是如何在5个月内的时间里考到了75分的。 前三个月：我决定考研的时候很仓促时间也很紧迫，因为当时已经都到了暑假后期了，除了专业外我最差的科目就是英语。当时我在网上百度了很多关于如何复习英语的经验和帖子，搜集了好多资料，也问过好多考研的同学，最后经过多方面的综合建议，他们还是建议从我最基础的东西开始复习，不过已经没有太多的时间让我再背单词之类的了，而是一边做真题一边背单词。所以我就在网上买了同学推荐的一本专门针对基础差的人用的《考研真相》，当时也不知道这本书到底好不好，反正周围大部分人都在用，所以我也就买了。用了一段时间后发现这本书还是不错的，它里面把真题讲解的十分详细，每一篇文章都有逐词逐句地讲解分析，对一个英语比较差的我来说通过看这些分析不说完完全全地把文章读懂了理解了，但也有个七八分的程度。而且要是光看解析看不懂的话，这本书里面还有一个光盘里面有视频可以对照着看，我当时就是每天专门抽出一两个小时的时间来干这个事情的。单词的话，这本书里面在分析每一句话的语法成分的时候，把重点单词注解出来了，我感觉光背这些单词就行了。如果大家觉得不保险的话，还可以在真题里面再挑出一些自己不认识的单词摘录到本子背也行，也可以再买一本词汇书像《非常词汇》之类的也行。 后两个月：考研英语中的作文是我最大的障碍，作为一个英语学渣的我，每次看到作文题目头都大了，不是不会写没啥写的就是跑偏了写得跑题了，总之作文把我当时整个人都搞得不好了。但也没办法，英语作文分还是要拿的，毕竟占了三十分呢，而总分也才100分。我买了一本《写作160篇》作文书，从最基本的开始先把91年到16年的真题作文好好研究了一番，发现作文命题来来回回基本也就那么多话题，不过有的话题就是换了一种方式而已。所以只要把真题作文掌握了，其他也就不是啥大事情了。所以我很庆幸我买了这本《写作160篇》，里面不仅有真题作文写作详细地步骤和经典模板，而且还有最基础地教你如何写作文的方法之类的，我在复习考研的过程中一直在拿着这本书用，感觉我作文终于写的像个考研作文了，而不是之前那些写的乱七八糟的。还有就是翻译了和新题型了在这里给大家的建议：一是进行大量真题模仿练习，二是不断地强化训练。总之就是要拿着真题去多做多练，我一直在强调真题的重要性，因为真题确实真的很重要。 五个月的复习时间对于考研来说，确实很紧张了，尤其是考研英语本身又是一个不断积累的过程，但如果大家真的英语要想获得高分，还是要掌握考研英语的做题方法和出题规律，这是很重要的，大家一定要学会如何在有限的时间里获得复习的最大效益，而且还要有一个十分完善的计划表合理分配学习时间。同时，大家不要死学习，要讲究快乐学习，每天抽出一点时间去操场跑跑步，看个电影什么的，适时地放松一下学习效率会比之前更高的。还有大家就是记住，千万不要生病，有个小病一定要及时去医院看病，不要拖成大病了到时会更耽误学习，
2016 考研英语阅读基 础班讲义 （适合英语一及英语二考生） 正康博士编讲
1994 Passage 2 One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us, the "cashless society" is not on the horizon — it's already here. While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers. 55.According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________. [A]withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes [B]obtain more convenient services than other people do [C]enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper [D]cash money wherever he wishes to 56.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________. [A]in the future all the Americans will use credit cards [B]credit cards are mainly used in the United State today [C]nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash [D]it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before 57.The phrase "ring up sales" (line 2, paragraph 2) most probably means "________". [A]make an order of goods [B]record basic sales on a cash register [C]call the sales manager [D]keep track of the goods in stock 58.What is this passage mainly about? [A]Approaches to the commercial use of computers.
《2021高考英语一轮复习课本基础知识精练》 简介 《2021高考英语一轮复习课本基础知识精练》以英语课程标准为指南，以人教社高中英语课本为依据，精心设置了40套基础知识练习题，每个单元一套，涵盖了必修1-5和选修6-8中所有重要的知识点，并努力帮助大家复习巩固初中所学内容。《精练》全面呈现了各单元中的生词、短语、词组、句型和语法，内容详实，信息丰富，重点突出，题型多样，语言地道，例句全部出自英文原版资料及往届高考真题，既有助于夯实基础，又着眼于能力提高。《精练》分“检测”和“背诵”两个版别，“检测”版题量时长为25-30分钟，排版精美，下载即可打印，省时省力，方便使用，“背诵”版提供了全部练习及答案，便于学生理解和记忆，是高三英语一轮复习资料中当之无愧的精品。 选修六Unit 1 Art（检测版） （高考英语考点破解之虚拟语气请见Unit 2） I. 根据提示, 用适当单词的正确形式填空： 1. Children’s toy guns now look so ___________ that they can often pass for the ___________ thing. (real) 2. A very important exhibition of contemporary ___________ (sculpt) will be on view at the Portland Gallery. 3. I am keeping ___________ with her and supporting her professional development ___________. (faith) 4. Organic produce does not differ greatly in appearance from ___________ (conventional) grown crops. 5. Is there a special system set up to make sure that more children are getting ___________ (adopt)? 6. Stricter approaches will be ___________ (adopt) to forbid students from using mobile phones in school. 7. Many of them have lost all their material ___________ (possess) as a result of the civil war. 8. The nearest I came to shining on the silver screen was during that ___________ (ridicule) trip to Hollywood. 9. The government brought in a ___________ (controversy) law under which it could take any land it wanted. 10. The only time that we ___________ (attempt) to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia. 11. New Government ___________ (figure) predict that one in two marriages will end in divorce. 12. He responded in champion’s style by treating the fans to an ___________ (exhibit) of power and speed. 13. There appears to be increasing support for the leadership to take a more ___________ (aggress) stand. 14. We’re trying to get a group of ___________ (scholar) or scientists interested in working with us. 15. Information about local consumer ___________ (prefer) can be used by a producer’s sales force. 16. The growing popularity of the subject is ___________ (evidence) in the numbers of students wanting to study it. II. 选择适当的单词，用其正确的形式
考研英语怎么学习经验谈：如何从零基础到80分 关于这个问题，我看到过很多的回答，其实大家都还蛮好的，我今天只是想补充一下，告诉你在复习的时候怎么合理的利用你的时间。 下面我要开始讲道理了，请你搬个小板凳坐直坐好了听我讲—————————————————————————————————————————————————— （以下的复习规划最适合19届的考研小白了） 一、从你决定考研的现在到明年5月，这是考研复习的第一个阶段。 在这个阶段呢，你最主要任务就是解决单词的问题。词汇量是考研英语的根本。大纲中规定的是5500个单词，但是实实在在考的也就不到2000个单词，所以你在复习单词的时候一定要有一个非常详细的计划，单词复习是一个需要详细制定计划，并且循序渐进的过程。 这一阶段复习规划： ①单词记忆，每天30分钟，目标是大纲单词、常见超纲词、短语和固定搭配背2遍，基本扫清单词的障碍。（可以使用《非常词汇》，在语境中记单词，记得快，也不会忘，而且记住的全是重点单词。） ②考研语法学习，每天30分钟，目标是考研基本语法融会贯通，能灵活运用。这一项的复习可以用专门针对长难句的专项训练书，也可以使用一些讲解比较详细的真题书。 ③阅读理解，每天1个小时（刚开始完成2篇阅读），阅读文章时你要学会把握文章主旨信息和文章的整体框架;认识阅读理解的特点，当然最重要的一点就是，要随时积累文章里面的词汇和句子，这不仅是对基础的积累，也可以作为你写作的素材积累。 二、明年6月至9月底是全面复习的第二阶段。 如果说第一阶段主要是打基础，那么，第二个阶段你就要开始进行全方位准备了。说的简单一点吧，这个时候，你应该开始拿起笔练习写作和翻译，但是你要记住，这个阶段的复习，不只是停留在背单词和读文章这个层面上。因为在前面的阶段里，你已掌握了大量的单词，并进行了高强度的阅读训练，所以这个阶段，应该开始试着用英语表达你的想法，并且检查自己对英语的理解能力。 在这个阶段不但应该解决了所有的基础问题，同时还要有一段时间进行提高，为你下一步的全程模拟做好充分的准备。
2018考研英语十二大基础语法体系之一致关系 语法基础贯穿英语的各个题型，基础复习阶段，词汇和语法都是基础和重点。小编带大家一起来梳梳理十二大基础语法体系，下面是一致关系语法知识点，大家注意学习和应用。十二大基础语法体系之一致关系 一致关系 英语的一致有三种:主谓一致，代词一致，肯定与否定一致 (一)主语与谓语的一致 英语语法要求，主语如果是单数，谓语动词也要用单数形式;主语若是复数，谓语动词也要用复数形式 例如: She likes to eat well.她好吃 We all like good food.我们都喜欢好饭菜。 Everybody was happy with the decision. 人人都对这个决定感到高兴。 I am a doctor.我是个医生。 (二)概念一致 1. And连接的两个或多个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 His opinion and mine are different他的观点和我的是不同的。 Bob and Peter are deadly rivals. Bob和peter是死对头。 What she says and what she does are totally different. 她说的和做的完全不同。 但是如果and连接的是指一个单一概念时，谓语动词用单数。 Bread and milk has been my breakfast for years. 牛奶面包多年来一直是我的早餐。 Her lawyer and old friend is going to marry her.她的律师和老朋友要娶她。 All this effort and sacrifice has come to nothing. 所有这些努力和牺牲都白费了。 由and连接的单数主语分别有many a，ever y，each，no修饰时，动词用单数。 如：During the holidays, every train and every plane was crowded.假期期间每列火车及每架飞机都非常拥挤。 No boy and no girl has the right to refuse education. 男孩和女孩都没有拒绝教育的权利。Man a man and man a woman was moved b this picture。许多男男女女都被这幅画感动。2.如果主语是一个抽象概念(如不定式、动名词、主语从句等)谓语动词用单数形式。如果主语是用and连接的两个或多个抽象概念，谓语动词用复数形式。 如：Swimming jogging and cycling are all goad farms of sports exercises.游泳、慢跑和骑自行车都是很好的运动形式。 To live to eat is not a very goad attitude toward life. 活着就是为了吃不是好的生活态度。 To live to eat and to eat to live are very different attitudes toward life. 以what，who，why，haw, whether等wh一词引起的从句做主语时，谓语动词通常用单数;由and连接的两个主句如果指两件事，动词用复数。
零基础考生考研英语阅读高分复习经验 考研英语分客观题60分(包括10分完型、40分阅读、10分新题型)和主观题40分(包括10分翻译、10分小作文、20分大作文)。主观题，视水区旱区而定，不同地区没有可比性。而客观题，答案是唯一的，不管英语想过线的还是英语想拿高分的，客观题都不能有失。下面为大家分享一位过来人的阅读复习经验，希望能够帮助大家。 ?词汇 词汇是基础，大纲词汇必须掌握。阅读中如果一句话中有一两个单词不认识，很可能导致这句话的意思搞错，甚至把整篇文章的主导思想搞错;如果问题选项中有单词不认识就更麻烦了。 说一下自己的体会，一开始做阅读练习的时候，错一大片，有时候甚至错一半，当时真是怕英语不过线，然后我痛定思痛，认真总结了阅读错的原因，我发现，是因为词汇关没过，文中一些单词不认识导致对文章关键句甚至作者的主体思想理解错误。 所以我下决心一定要攻克单词关，从论坛上学习了不少前辈的经验，受益匪浅，有一个学长说的很好，不要指望在一个地方将单词记住，关键是要在不同的地方去记忆或者练习同一个单词，我很以为然，于是去寻找快速记忆的捷径，最终搜了一款迈西背单词软件将单词过了一遍，说实话，我不推荐每个人都用软件记单词，因为不方便携带，我在电脑旁足足坚忍了20多天，每天将近2个小时，有时候眼睛都有点酸，终于将单词搞完了一轮，才长出一口气。一轮下来(其实不止一轮，因为软件有循环记忆，不熟练的单词从不同程度上重复记忆了很多次)，虽然有些单词还是没有完全记住，但大致都留了一个印象，在做阅读的时候明显有了感觉，结合上下文和脑海中残留的模糊的印象，基本能猜出单词的意思，这样阅读难度就降低了许多，而且这样过后，这个单词我也基本上掌握了，可以说是一举两得。 最后做往年真题的时候，近几年的真题阅读都是错1个或全对，考研时阅读就错了1个，错的那个争议也比较大，不可强求吧。更重要的是英语掌握了得当的方法，节省了很多时间，可以投入更多的精力在数学和专业课上。 因此，要想阅读得高分，必须首先攻克单词。 ?阅读技巧 核心思想就是分块阅读。一篇阅读有5个问题，每个问题是按顺序分布的。比如说一篇阅读有5段，第一问在第一段中找答案，第二问在第二段中找，以此类推，这就是所谓的分块阅读法，分块阅读的基础就是——题目是按顺序分块设置的。至于如何在块中发现答案，要找的就是同义替换，下文中会有详细介绍。(当然诸如这篇文章的题目应选什么? 的问题除外，需要结合整篇文章作答，不过这类问题很少) 因此阅读的技巧和关键就在于通过问题分解文章，缩小每次的阅读内容，各个击破。切记不要一口气读完文章后将5个问题一齐作答，一来记不住文章的要点和细节，二来会中出题人的陷阱(干扰项其实就是在细节上做手脚)，如偷梁换柱等。 阅读的方法如下： (1)扫一遍5个问题，对题干信息有个印象，看一眼就行了，不需要记住。然后按顺序精读，对含有题干信息的语句仔细阅读。另外，留意Which of thefollowing would be the best title of the test? 、The author’s attitudetowards… 这之类的问题，在分解阅读时可以顺便留意一下作者的观点态度。 (2)第一个问题，答案一般就在第一段。后面几问同理，这样整篇文章被分解成四五个部分，一部分最多三四个长句，对每个部分认真阅读，目标清晰，很容易得到正解;同时，每个部分，废话居多，真正的答案往往就其中一句话或其中一个关键短语，选对选项的关键在于找