专四语言知识之倒装与省略
倒装
一、知识要点
英语陈述句的正常语序是主语在前，谓语在后。但是在某些场合，为了强调、突出等目的会颠倒原有语序，这种句式叫做倒装(Inversion)句。倒装句有两种形式：完全倒装(Full Inversion)和部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。
1、完全倒装
将整个谓语动词或整个谓语部分都放在主语前面时，称为完全倒装。使用完全倒装的情况有：
(1)以here, there, now, then, from, out, down, in, up, away, on等副词开头的句子，且谓语动词都是属于移动的含义，主语为名词时。如：
There followed a long silence. 接着是一阵长时间的沉默。
Now come the long-awaited guests. 盼望已久的客人们现在来了。
From the distance came occasional shots. 从远处不时传来枪声。
Out rushed a tiger. 一只老虎冲了出去。
*注意：如果上述情况中主语为代词，则句子不必倒装。如：
Out he rushed. 他冲了出去。
Here she came. 她来了。
(2)地点状语置于句首，且主语为名词时。此类句中的谓语动词大多是表示走动或状态的不及物动词go, come, stand, sit, lie 等。如：
Under the tree sat an old wrinkled man. 一位满脸皱纹的老人坐在树下。
At the door stood a girl about the same height as mine. 在门边站着个跟我差不多一样高的女孩。
(3)表语放在句首以加强语气时，主语要放在be动词之后形成完全倒装。如:
Below is the blue ocean. 下面是蓝色的海洋。
(4) 有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。如：
Standing at the door is a charming girl. 坐在门口的是一个可人的女孩。
To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。
2、部分倒装
只将助动词置于主语前，谓语其余部分置于主语后，则是部分倒装。下列情况使用部分倒装：
(1)否定词及含有否定意义的副词或词组置于句首时，句子要部分倒装：never, no, not, not only, hardly, scarcely, rarely, little, seldom, nowhere, no sooner…than, hardly/ barely/ scarcely…when, not until…, at no time, by no means, on no account, in no way, in no case, on no condition, in/under no circumstances 等。如：
In no way am I responsible for what has happened. 我决不会对已经发生的事负责。
No sooner had the bell rung than the students rushed out of the classroom. 铃声一响，学生们就跑出了教室。
(2)以only修饰状语开头的句子，要部分倒装。如：
Only last week did they get married. 他们上个星期刚结婚。
Only if I get a job will I have enough money to get the camera. 我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱买那款相机。
*注意：only属于主语的一部分时，不可用倒装结构。如：
Only a few people understood what he said. 只有很少人懂得他在说什么。
(3)以下列副词或短语开头的句子，句子要部分倒装so, such, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point等。如：
Such was the weather that I could not go out. 天气如此这般，我出不了门。
To such a degree did the story touch me that I took notes of it. 这个故事深深地打动了我，于是我把它记了下来。
(4)句首为so, nor, neither等副词，表明前句说明的情况也适用于该句时，句子通常要部分倒装。如：
He didn't say anything. Nor/ Neither did his assistant. 他什么都没说，他助手也没吭声。People in Britain rest two days a week. So do Chinese. 英国人一周休息两天，中国人也一样。
*注意：当so放在句首只是对对方所陈述的内容表示肯定时，不用倒装。如：
“Tom wants to complete the important task.”“So he does.”“汤姆想完成那项重要的任务。”“他的确想。”
(5)虚拟条件句可以省略连同if，把从句中的助动词(were, should/could/might或had)移至主语前，形成部分倒装。如：
Had you been (= If you had been ) here last night, you would have met her. 如果你昨晚来这里的话，你就会见到她。
Be any person (= If any person be) guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal. 任何人犯罪，法院都有权上诉。
Were I you (=If I were you)，I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。
(6)as和though引导的让步状语从句通常用倒装结构，as必须用倒装结构，though可用也可不用倒装。这种倒装通常是把从句中的表语、状语或谓语动词放在句首。如：
Small as it is, an atom can still be seen. 虽然小，原子还是能被看见。
Sick as/ though she was, she came to work. 尽管她病了，她还是来上班了。
省略
为了避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接，英语中常常会省略。以下为常考的几种省略(Ellipsis) 形式。
1.并列句中，如果后面句子和前面句子有相同的成分，往往都会省略，以避免重复。
To some smile is very easy, and to others (smile is) so hard. 对有些人而言笑一下很容易，而对
另一些人而言则很困难。
I guess Lisa will dance in the party but Jane won't (dance in the party). 我认为丽萨会在聚会上跳舞，而简不会。
2.复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复时从句的句尾部分可省掉。
Mary is going to sweep the floor because Alice won't (sweep the floor). 因为爱丽丝不打扫地板，玛丽只好去打扫了。
He may leave if he wishes to (leave). 如果他想走的话，他可以走。
3.在以if, when, though, although, as, as if 等连词引导的从句中，如从句中主要动词是be，可将主语和动词be省掉。
He is very good at dancing, though (he is) very old. 虽然他年事已高，但他却跳得非常棒。when (he was) asked about the advertising campaign of the new product, the manager said it was a great success. 问及新产品的广告宣传时，经理称很成功。
This is an illness that can result in total blindness left untreated.
A. after
B. if
C. since
D. unless
译文：这种病如果得不到治疗，就会导致完全失明。
分析：如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且主动词为be，通常可省略从句的主语和系动词。本题根据句意应选B。此句完整形式为This is an illness that can result in total blindness if it is left untreated.
4.用do, so, do so, not等替代旬中的一部分，构成省略。
(1) do 代替主动词。如：
Laura looks very happy. She always used to do (= look very happy), I remember. 劳拉看起来很开心，我记得她以前也总是（看起来开心）。
(2) do so 替代谓语结构，有时可以和do that, do it 交替使用。如：
He said he would tell me the news, but he didn’t do so/ that/it (= tell me the news).
他说要告诉我那条消息，但是他没有。（本句中的do so / that/ it 也可不要。）
(3) so+助动词+主语，该结构中的主语与前一句的主语指代不同的对象，表示"……也是如此”。如：
They want to see the famous basketball match and so do I. 他们想看这场有名的篮球赛，我也想
去看。
I was tired, and so were they. 我很累，他们也是。
(4)so+主语+助动词，该结构中的主语指的就是前一句话中的主语，表示说话人认同对方的看法，意为"可不是嘛，的确如此"。如：
"They will win the championship.”“So they will. ”他们会获得冠军。“可不是吗。”
(5)so 或not可替代that从句，常与I’m afraid, believe, expect, fear, guess, hope, suppose, think 等词语搭配。如：
“ Is he coming? ”“I believe so. // I hope not.”“他就来吗？”“我想是的。// 我希望他不来。”
(6)so与not可用来代替if后面的从句。如：
Have you got a free evening next week? If so, let’s have dinner; if not, I’m going without you.
下周哪个晚上有空吗? 要是有空，我们一块吃晚饭吧。如果没空，我就自己去了。
真题：
1. both sides accept the agreement a lasting peace be established in this region.
A. Only if, will
B. If only, would
C. Should, will
D. Unless, would
2. Only take such clothes really necessary.
A. as were
B. as they are
C. as they were
D. as are
3. So badly in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months.
A. did he injure
B. injured him
C. was he injured
D. he was injured
4. he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.
A. Much as
B. Much although
C. As much
D. Though much
5.The central provinces have floods in some years, and .
A drought in others B. droughts are others
C. while other droughts
D. others in drought
6. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals
in Africa.
A hunted B. hunting C. that hunted D. are hunted
7. The following are all correct responses to “who told the news to the teacher?" EXCEPT
A. Jim did this.
B. Jim did so.
C. Jim did that
D. Jim did
8. Acute he helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people .
A. do
B. hear
C. do them
D. hearing it
9. A: Mother, you promised to take me out. B: Well,
A. so do I.
B. so did I.
C. so I do！
D. so I did！
10. Little about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.
A.she cared
B. she may care
C. may she care
D. did she care
11. It is going to be fine tomorrow.
A. so is it.
B. So it is.
C. So it does.
D. so does it.
12. my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be so wet now.
A. Had I taken
B. will I take
C. Have I taken
D. Would I taken
13.China has promised to revise its existing regulations and new policies according to WTO requirements.
A. forming
B. to form
C. to be forming
D. have formed
14. ______ both sides accept the agreement _____ a lasting peace be established in this region.
A. Only if; will
B. If only; would
C. Should; will
D. Unless; would
15. We have been told that under no circumstances _____ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.
A. may we use
B. we may use
C. we could use
D. did we use
16. ______ at first, they came to an agreement in the end.
A. Much as they differed
B. As much they differed
C. As they much differed
D. As they differed much
17. Especially important to many people ______.
A. there is legislation against pollution
B. is legislation against pollution
C. it is legislation against pollution
D. legislation against pollution is
18. Not until the 1970’s _____ an important topic among nations of the world.
A. environmental protection became
B. did environmental protection become
C. the protection of environment became
D. Protection became environmental
19. Rarely ____ unless they are cornered or provoked.
A. snakes that attack a man
B. do attack snakes to a man
C. snakes attack a man
D. do snakes attack a man
20. Not for a single moment ____ giving light.
A. the sun has stopped
B. stopped has the sun
C. has the sun stopped
D. has stopped the sun
21. _____________will Michael accept it.
A. Only if it is a high-paying job.
B. If only it is a high-paying job
C. Only it is a high-paying job
D. did I realize
22. Only by doing the work themselves __________.
A. the students able get experience
B. will the students get experience
C. the students will to get experience
D. will the students getting experience
23. ______ in the United States, St. Louis has now become the 24th largest city.
A. The fourth biggest city it was
B. Once the fourth biggest city
C. Being the fourth biggest city
D. It was once the fourth biggest city
24. Only under special circumstances _____ to take make-up tests.
A. are freshmen permitted
B. freshmen are permitted
C. permitted are freshmen
D. are permitted freshmen
25. ______ beautiful was Alaska that everybody looked at her in admiration.
A. Very
B. Too
C. Such
D. So
26. ____________ for London at 9 than it began to rain.
A. Jack had hardly
B. As soon as Jack left
C. The moment Jack left
D. No sooner had Jack left
27. _______to obtain, but it also a solution to environmental pollution.
A. Solar energy is not only easy
B. Solar energy is easy not only
C. Not only easy is solar energy
D. Not only is solar energy easy
28. ______ him tomorrow?
A. Why not to call on
B. Why don’t call on
C. Why not calling on
D. Why not call on
29. Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people ______.
A. do
B. hear
C. do them C. hearing it
30. Once , this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villages with electricity.
A. it being completed
B. it completed
C. completed
D. it completes
31. —It is a sunny day today.
—
A. So it does.
B. So is it.
C. So it is.
D. So does it.
32. The sentence “Had he known her address, he would have written to her” means that
A. he has known her address
B. he knew her address
C. he didn’t know her address
D. he asked for her address
33. On no account ever leave the baby at home alone.
A. should you
B. you should
C. shall you
D. you shall
34. Only by practicing a few hours every day be able to master the language.
A．you can B. can you C. you will D. will you
35. Not only the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
A. he refused
B. refused he
C. did he refuse
D. he did refuse
36. Little what was upsetting me.
A. may he realize
B. he realizes
C. he may realize
D. did he realize
37. No sooner his speech than listeners put forward questions.
A. he has finished
B. has he finished
C. he had finished
D. had he finished
38. When , the bridge connecting the island to the continent will be open to traffic next year.
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
39. All the following sentences contain ellipsis (省略) EXCEPT
A. Nice to see you again.
B. I hate him as much as you.
C. What a sunny day!
D. Your mother is at home, isn’t she?
40. for the fact that his father was in hospital, he might have gone abroad.
A. Hadn’t it been
B. Had it not been
C. Were it not
D. Was it not
41. Not until three years ago to work overseas.
A. he began
B. he begins
C. began he
D. did he begin
42. Mr. Green did give us a lecture about anthropology, but not a word .
A. could we understand
B. we could understand
C. we may understand
D. may we understand
43. If not equally, Jack will frankly express his dissatisfaction.
A. treated
B. having been treated
C. being treated
D. be treated
44. Only when one loses freedom its value.
A. does one know
B. one knows
C. one does know
D. knows one
45. ______ she would not have been met with the accident.
A. Linda had been more careful
B. Had Linda been more careful
C. If Linda were more careful
D. Linda was more careful
46. It is going to be fine tomorrow.
A. So is it.
B. So it is.
C. So it does.
D. So does it.
47. Little about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.
A. she cared
B. she may care
C. may she care
D. did she care
48. You didn’t agree with the manager.
A. Neither did I
B. Nor didn’t I
C. I did so
D. Nor I did
49. An opportunity is something that, , by no means you'll get back.
A. if you lose
B. when lose
C. once lost
D. after losing
50. Henry spares no effort to get two tickets for the concert held at the Sports Center. .
A. So he is
B. So he does
C. So is he
D. So does he
英语语法省略句 省略句 1)不定式在love, mean, want, like, wish, expect, try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem等动词后面 2)在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面。 1.---will you join us? --- I should love to(join you). 2.I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to(s ee the film). 3.--- Would you like to go with us? --- Yes, I’m glad to(go with you) 4.He doesn’t get up early as he used to. (get up) 注意: 如果不定式中含有be, have(助动词), have been, 通常保留be, have(助动词), have been. 1.--- Are you a sailor? --- No, but I used to be. 2.---He hasn’t finished yet. ---well, he ought to have. 1. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? —Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995) A. I have no time B. I'd rather not C. I‘d like it D. I'd be happy to 2. —Does your brother intend to study German? —Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)
高中英语倒装句 倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装 1全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1）here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。 2). up，down，out，away，in , off, ahead放于句首Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse. Ahead sat an old woman. 3）表示地点，时间，方向等的介词短语放在句首时例如：After the head walked a group of workers. 4.“作表语的现在分词/过去分词/形容词+系动词+主语”形式的完全倒装 Seated in the front were the guests. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。 2部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, scarely, in no way, under no circumstance, at no time决不, not until…等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1）---Why can\'t I smoke here? ----At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit 2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn\'t man know D. did man know 2.Not only…but also前面倒装，后面不倒装 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 3．Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than等，要倒装。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 4so, neither, nor作部分倒装 so/neither/nor+be/can(should/will/could…..)/do(did/does)+sb表示\"也\"、\"也不\" 的句子要部分倒装。例如： 典型例题---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don\'t know, _____. A. nor don\'t I care B. nor do I care C. I don\'t care neither D. I don\'t care also 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\"的确如此\"。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It\'s raining hard.---So it is. 5 only在句首后接状语用总分倒装。例如： Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。 注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析 一、倒装句 倒装句主要考查以下几个方面： ◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装； ◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装； ◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。 1. 倒装句用法一览表：
2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中，除了be动词之外，there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前，村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不到装。如：Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装，主句倒装，但是主语为代词时不倒装。如：“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它，”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况：
① 主语与前句相同，表赞同，译为“确实如此”。如： — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如： — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好，经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意： ①句首有名词，名词不能带任何冠词。如：Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子，却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如： Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中，如果是复合句，只有主句用倒装，从句不用。如： Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。 二、省略句 高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表：
2019 小升初英语语法省略句知识点：空缺与增补 小升初英语语法省略句知识点：空缺与增补 两个主语不同的句子，谓语有相同部分，也有不同部分，如果用 连词连接起来实行对比，则其相同部分在后面分句中能够省略，这样，后 面分句中就出现“空缺”现象。“空缺” 处通常被省略的是动词， 或动词及其宾语、补足语等。汉译时不妨采用“补齐”的方法。例如： A sound must be heard ，a colour seen ，a flavour tasted ， an odour inhaled.，颜色必须目视，滋味必须口尝，气味必须鼻吸。( 后三句省略 must be) Histories make men wise；mathematic logic and rhetoric able to contend. ；数学使人精细；逻辑和修辞 使人善辩。( 原文后两句省略make men) 注意 than 引出的比较从句中，套有 when引导的时间从句或 if 引导的条 件从句，而且该比较从句中的省略部分与整个句子的主要结构一致时则 比较从句的省略部分可省略不译。例如： My uncle is better than when I wrote to 我伯父的身体比我上 次给你去信时好些了(...than 后面省略了he was) 灵活使用 对英语中一些特殊省略结构译法需灵活，指的是按正常语法规则 分析，有的无法增补，有的要用不同的方式来增补，使之成为完全句。 所以，汉译英时，视上下文加以灵活处理。 1.“宾语 +主语 +谓语 and + 谓语”结构 其中 and 连接的，是用作不同成分的同一个词，这个词既是第一分 句的宾语，又是第二分句的主语。此结构的特点是，把宾语提到句
高中英语语法倒装句语法讲解总结大全 ?倒装的作用为了强调、突出等词语 ?英语中的九大成分，倒装只与主谓有关 全部倒装：把句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前（谓语动词要和后面的主语保持一致） 1.下列副词位于句首需要倒装 方位副词：up,down,in,away,off,out等 时间副词：now,then等 地点副词：here,there等以及表示地点的介词短语 Besides the lake stand a couple of trees and under them runs a path. → A couple of trees stand beside the lake and a path runs under them. 湖边有几棵树，树下有一条小路。（方位副词） Out of the room stands a big monster. →A big monster stands out of the room. 房子外边有一个怪兽（方位副词） At the front of the book is a table of content. →A table of content is at the front of book.
书的前部有目录（方位副词） Now speaks the headamaster. →The headmaster speaks now. 现在说话的是班长（时间副词） Then came the chairman. →The chairman came then. 然后主席来了（时间副词） Here comes the bus. →The bus comes here. 公交车来了（地点副词） Sitting at the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone.→a pretty girl waiting for someone was Sitting at the next table. 隔壁桌坐着一个漂亮女人正在等着谁（地点介词短语） By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. →A young man with a magazine in his hand sat by the window. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志（地点介词短语） Among these people was his friend Jim. →His friend jim was among these people. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中（地点介词短语）
-高二基础语法专题 虚拟语气基础练习60题 1. The boy acted ____ he had never lived in Canada before. A. as though B. even if C. as D. since 2. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone 3. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 4. The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring 5. I wish I ____ able to tell him all about it last night. A. was B. were C. had been D. should be 6. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus. A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught 7. If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him. A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have 8. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 9. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _____ right away. A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested 10. Jane’s uncle insisted ____ in this hotel any longer. A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not 11. Don’t touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _____ you. A. would come to B. would come at C. would have come toward D. will come to 12. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 13. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadn’t tried C. have tried D. didn’t try 14. He demanded that the laboratory report ___ immediately after the experiment was done. A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written 15. The man insisted that he _____ there. A. should send B. would be sent C. sent D. be sent 16. If he had not gone out in the storm _____. A. he will be alive now B. he would be alive now C. he would have been alive now D. he is alive now 17. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain 18. It is required that you ____ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive
北京学位英语试题精讲：倒装 1. Not until I came to China ___ what kind of a country she is. A. I knew B. I didn’t know C. I did know D. did I know 【答案】D本题考查的是倒装强调句的用法。以not until开头的句子，结构为“助动词+主语+动词原形”。直到我来到中国才知道中国是一个什么样的国家。 2. No sooner ____ got to the station than it began to rain heavily. A. had I B. have I C. I had D. I have 【答案】A 本句考察no sooner…than…句型。no sooner 引导的句子要部分倒装；而no sooner 后接的事件比than后的事件要更早发生，属于过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。综上，选A 3. _____ the first to use nuclear weapons. A. At no time China will be B. Never China will be C. Will China never be D. At no time will China be 【答案】D考查倒装句的应用。以否定词开头的倒装句基本结构：否定词+情态动词/助动词+主语+表语/动宾结构。部分倒装仅仅将系动词、助动词或情态动词提前，而完全倒装则将谓语动词全部提前。 4. ____ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving. A. Little they realize B. They little do realize C. Little realize do they D. Little do they realize 【答案】D 本题考察的是倒装句式。含有否定意义的副词,如hardly, never, not, nor, neither, not only, little, seldom, scarcel, nowhere等位于句首时,句子用部分倒装的形式.提前助动词,情态动词,或be动词. 句意是“坐车时他们很少意识到系安全带的重要性.” 5. Not once ___ your sentence correctly. A. you have copied B. did you have copied C. have you copied D. have you been copied 【答案】C 表示否定的词语（如：not ,seldom, never等）放在句首时，句子采用倒装形式，故A项排除；copy的逻辑宾语时后面的sentence, 不是前面的句子主语you，故不用被动形式，D项排除，B项表达方式错误 6. Nowhere else in the world ___ more attractive scenery than is Switzerland. A. you can find B. is found C. can you find D. has been found 【答案】C。否定词nowhere放在句首，句子倒装：否定词＋助动词（be动词）+主语。常放在句首的否定词有：nowhere （没有地方），never（从不），hardly, scarcely（几乎不），little （几乎没有）等。Barely does he have enough money to live on.他几乎没有足够的钱为生。Little did I think that I would lose the game.我根本没有想到我会输掉这场比赛。 7. No sooner had they got the goods covered up ___ it started raining hard. A. when B. than C. then D. after 【答案】B。no sooner…..than…一…就…；hardly…when…一…;就…；scarcely…when…一…就…。No sooner had I lain down than the telephone rang.我刚躺下，电话铃就响了。Scarcely had
在英语语言中，为了使语言简洁明了，重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变，这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下： 一、并列复合句中的省略 在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如： a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。 b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。 c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. 汤姆肯定一直在打篮球，玛丽一直在写作业。 d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959 年，傅彪出生于1963 年。 二、主从复合句中的省略 1．状语从句中的省略 一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once 等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由though , although ,even if ,whatever 等引导的让步状语从句；由as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。
倒装句 倒装的两种考法： 1. 放在单项选择题中，考查考生的倒装语法知识是否熟练掌握； 2. 放在完形填空和阅读理解中，设置理解障碍。 倒装的两种形式： 1. 完全倒装：将整个谓语动词提到主语前。 2. 部分倒装：即半倒装，将谓语的一部分即助动词提到主语前。 一、完全倒装 1】表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off, over, back等标志词放在句首，句子用完全倒装。 【翻译句子】 (1)车来了。Here comes the bus. (2)铃响了。There goes the bell. (3)孩子们冲出来了。Out rushed the children. (4)那个男孩离开了。Away went the boy. 【疑难】 Here it is. In she came. Away he went. 【疑难剖析】当主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不变。 2】地点状语放在句首且谓语动词为come, live, lie, go, sit, stand等时用完全倒装。【完成例句】 (5)河的南面有一家小工厂。In south of the river lies a small factory. (6)山谷里传来一声喊叫。From the valley came a cry. 3】such, the following等放句首时，句子要完全倒装。 【翻译句子】 (7)Such are the facts. 情况就是如此。 (8)生活就是这样。Such is life. (9)The following is the answer to the question. 这个问题的答案如下。 4】There lie / exist / stand / live ＋主语＋…是there be 句型的变式 【翻译句子】 (10)山顶上有一幢高楼。There is a tall building on the top of the mountain. (11)山顶上耸立着一座古塔。There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain. 5】“表语＋系动词＋主语”的结构。 【例句观察】 Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests. 出席晚会的有格林先生，还有一些别的宾客。 Seated on the ground are a group of young men. 坐在地上的是一群年轻人。 【注意】此时，主语较长，可还原为正常语序即：主＋系动词＋表语。 二、部分倒装
高中英语倒装句语法知识汇总 一.概念: 英语句子通常有两种语序:一种主语在前,谓语在后,称为自然语序,另一种谓语在前,主语在后,称为倒装语序。 二.相关知识点精讲 按“主语+ 谓语” 这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序。如果排列顺序变为“谓语（或谓语一部分）+主语”，就是倒装。倒装句分为： 完全倒装：整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装。 部分倒装：只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装。 1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away 等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。 Our teacher came in. In came our teacher. 这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。 Here it is. Away he went. 这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。 Here comes the bus. Out rushed the boys. 2. how, then, just, often 表示时间的副词放在句首，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。 Then came 8 years of the Anti Japanese War. 3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。 这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do. Under a big tree ________, half asleep. A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man 4. there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。 在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。 There came shouts for help from the river. There lies a large wheat field in front of the house. Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house. In front of the tower flews a stream. 5. so + 动词+主语 neither/ nor + 动词+主语 表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。 否则要用so it is with… You can ride a bike. So can I . He has been to Beijing. So have I . The first one isn’t good, neither is the second. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt. 6. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下：so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。 Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. = So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days. 7. done做形容词在句中做表语时，常把表语放在句首，要用倒装句式。 Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil. 8. 否定副词not , never, seldom, nowhere, little , rarely 放于句首时要用倒装句式。 We seldom get up at four in the morning. = Seldom do we get up at four in the morning. Not a single word from him could the enemy drag.
语法精讲 ——省略 I.省略 ?状语从句的省略：在when, while, as, until, once, if, unless, though, although, as if, as though, even if, even though等词连接的状语从句中，经常把和省略。 请将下面的状语从句改成省略句： 1.When I am in trouble, I always turn to her for help. 2. 3.Wood gives much smoke while wood is burning. 4.I wo n’t go even if I was invited. ?when (或if, where, wherever, whenever) + possible/ necessary, 是省略了 请将所给句子改成省略句： 1.Answer these questions, if it is possible without referring to the book. 2.When it is necessary, you can help us to do something. ?定语从句中的省略 请将下面的定语从句改成省略句： 1. Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? 2. Tom whom you saw yesterday fell ill. 3.This is the first time that he had trouble with the boss. 4. He wants to find a good place that we can have a picnic during the “golden week ”holiday . 5. I don’t like the way in which you laugh at her. ?宾语从句中的省略 请将所给句子补充完整： 1. I know that an NBA star will come to our city but I don’t know when.
省略句 定义：为了使语言简洁或避免重复，要省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称之为省略。 1，状语从句的省略 在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though 等引导的状语从句中，其实是：包括时间，让步，方式等一些状语从句中，若从句主语和主句主语相同，或者是it时，且从句的主语为be动词时，则从句中的主语和be 动词常全部被省略。 If _______________(heat), water will boil . When ___________(walk) the dog , you were careless and it got loose . 常用的一些短语： 1, if possible , when/ if necessary, as … as possible, as please (随便) I will do what I can _____________(help) you when necessary. If necessary , I will write him a letter . 2, if so (如果是这样)，if ever (如果曾经发生过)，if any(如果有些)，if not (如果不)，even so （即便如此） I will go to the party. If not, I will let you know. I do not like reading popular novels. If any, I can read it. It is likely to rain tomorrow. If so, I will stay at home surfing the Internet. 3, 在as, than, however，whatever, no matter what 等引导的从句中，常省略某些成分。 After two hours she became quieter (than she had been). ) 2，虚拟语气中的省略： 1），常省略if，而将had，were, should 提前，构成部分倒装。 __________ he _________(take) my advice, he would have succeeded. 2),在suggest动词串中，应用虚拟语气虚拟语气（should +动词原形），should 可省略。 It suggested that we (should ) go to see a film. 3，在定语从句和名词性从句中的省略。 1），在限定性定语从句中，常将在从句中做宾语或状语的关系词who, whom, that省略。 The girl _________________ the teacher spoke to is my sister. I don't like the way ________________she speaks to her mother . 2), 在know, think, consider等动词后所接的宾语从句中，连词that可以省略，若连接的是两个宾语从句，只有第一个 that可以省略，其余的不可以省略。 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 5, 动词不定式的省略。 1），使役动词let, make, have, 及感官动词see, watch, hear,等后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省去to,但是被动语态要加上to I saw the boy fall from the tree. =>The boy was seen to fall from the tree. The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him______.A not B not to C not to do D not to do it 2), 有时候为了避免重复，与前文所表达的内容相同的不定式to后面的内容要省略，而只是保持不定式的符号to。Could you go shopping with me？I am glad to. 3), 不定式作某些动词的宾语时，可省略不定式内容，只保留不定式to, 这类动词包括有like, love, hope, wish, expect, refuse, mean, try, agree等 You can do it if you mean to. 注意：省略的不定式的内容若有作助动词用的have 或be的任何形式时，to 后面的have 或be 要保留。 He did not come, but he ought ________