The First McDonald's Restaurant
Even though the first McDonald's restaurant sold only hamburgers and French fries, it still became a cultural symbol. Now, in the Southern California city of Downey, people are trying to save the first McDonald's restaurant in history.McDonald's, though, says the building should be torn down.
Built in 1953, the restaurant in Downey, California, is the oldest of all the Golden Arches in America, and has the earliest McDonald's building design.
Many people have good memories of that old McDonald's.These people are angry that the building is now in danger of being destroyed, along with their memories.
McDonald's explains that the building was damaged in an earthquake, and therefore needs to be torn down. Many people in the town of Downey don't agree with this line of thinking, though.
One woman says, "I think it's terrible. They are using the earthquake as an excuse. It's a big lie."
Another Downey resident remarks, "I am so upset. They don't respect the public at all. They haven't even tried. They could do some small repairs and make it a good restaurant
again."
McDonald's managers say the restaurant is losing money at that location. There is no room for a drive-thru window, or for seating inside.After the earthquake, they say it was impossible to fix.The managers want to build a copy of this building at another location instead.
Building inspectors, on the other hand, say that the structure can be repaired, but that it will be expensive. Many people say that McDonald's can certainly afford to pay that amount.Some think that McDonald's real reason for wanting to close down the restaurant has nothing to do with money.
Modern McDonald's restaurants often have a sign claiming that a man named Ray Kroc opened the first McDonald's restaurant in Illinois in 1955. The truth, however, is that Mr. Kroc actually learned the fast food business from Dick and Mac McDonald in https://www.doczj.com/doc/ad13309204.html,ter, Mr. Kroc bought their restaurants.Thus, many people in Downey think McDonald's is trying to change history, though the company denies this.
To local historians, this explanation makes total sense. One historian said, "We should not rewrite the past. Ray Kroc did not invent McDonald's. The McDonald brothers did."
These days, a group of historians want the building to
be added to the National Register of Historic Places so that the city of Downey will be able to stop McDonald's from tearing the building down. The McDonald's managers are very angry, and have abandoned the structure.
Everyone hopes that the McDonald's managers and the people of Downey will soon find peace. The building is still there, but boards cover the windows.Even so, people drive by to remember their McDonald's, taking pictures of a moment in history before it gets taken away.
第一家麦当劳餐馆
虽说第一家麦当劳餐馆只售汉堡包和薯条，它还是成为了一种文化象征。如今，在加州南部唐尼市，人们正努力保住历史上第一家麦当劳餐馆。然而，麦当劳却称这幢房子应该拆掉。
坐落于加州唐尼的这家餐馆建于1953年，是美国所有带双拱形金色标志的建筑中历史最久的，它的设计也是麦当劳最早的建筑设计。
许多人对那家老餐馆有着美好的回忆。这些人想到餐馆连同他们美好的回忆一起将被摧毁，感到很气愤。
麦当劳方面解释说，那家老店在一次地震中遭到损坏，因此必须拆掉。不过，唐尼的许多人却不同意这种说法。
有位女士说：“我认为这件事太可怕了。他们在利用那次地震作借口。这是一个极大的谎言。
另一位唐尼市居民说：“我非常难过。他们一点也不尊重公众的意见，甚至都没试着这样做。他们可以稍加修理，使它再成为一家好餐馆。”
麦当劳的经理们说餐馆设在那个位置一直在亏本。那儿没有地方可以开辟“免下车外卖窗口”，里面也没有地方安排座位。他们说，那次地震后这个餐馆就没办法修了。不过那些经理们想在其他位置按原餐馆再仿造一家。
但是房屋检修人员说该建筑是可以修理的，不过费用很高。许多人说这个费用麦当劳当然承受得起。有人认为麦当劳想关闭这家餐馆的真正原因与金钱无关。
现代的麦当劳餐馆常常有一个牌子，声称有个叫雷·克罗克的男人于1955
年在伊利诺伊州创办了首家麦当劳餐馆。然而事实是，克罗克先生的快餐生意实际上是从唐尼市的迪克·麦当劳和麦克·麦当劳那里学来的。后来克罗克先生买下了他们的餐馆。因此，尽管公司竭力否认，唐尼镇的许多人还是认为麦当劳是想篡改历史。
在当地的历史学家看来，这种解释颇有道理。有位历史学家说：“历史不容篡改。雷·克罗克没有创建麦当劳。创建麦当劳的是麦氏兄弟。”
这些天来，一群历史学家希望将该处建筑列入国家历史文物保护单位名册，这样，唐尼镇就能使麦当劳免遭拆除。麦当劳的经理们非常恼火，因而将房屋弃置一旁。
人人都希望麦当劳经理们与唐尼的居民很快达成一致。房子仍在，但窗子用木板封了起来。即便如此，人们仍开车前来纪念他们的麦当劳，想抢在它被拆除前拍照留念，留下历史上的珍贵一刻。
Our Changing Lifestyle: Trends and Fads
These days, lifestyles have a tendency to change so fast. It is more than just clothing and hairstyles that are in style one year and out of date the next; it's a whole way of living.
One year, people wear hats and blue jeans; they drink white wine and eat at Japanese restaurants; for exercise they run several miles a day.The next year, however, everything has changed:women wear long skirts; people drink expensive water from France, and eat at Italian restaurants; everyone seems to be exercising at health clubs.
Almost nothing in modern life gets away from the influence of fashion:food, music, exercise, books, languages, movies, furniture, and even names go in and out of fashion.The interests that people follow can change very quickly.
In the United States, even people can be "in" or "out".Americans enjoy following the lives of famous people: actors, sports heroes, well-known artists, politicians, and the like.But Americans also pay a lot of attention to people who have no special ability at all. In 1981, for example, an unknown elderly woman appeared in a TV advertisement in which she looked at a very small hamburger and complained loudly, "Where's the beef?" These three words made her famous. Suddenly she appeared in magazines and newspapers, and on TV shows.She was immediately popular. She was "in".However, this kind of fame does not last long.Such people are famous for a very short time—they are fads.
What causes such fads to come and go?Although clothing designers influence fads in fashion because they want to make money, this desire for money doesn't explain fads in other areas, such as language. For example, why have teenagers in the past twenty-five years used—at
different times—the words groovy or awesome in conversation instead of simply saying wonderful? According to an expert in popular culture, people who follow fads are not foolish or vain; they simply want to be part of something new and creative.
Fads are not limited to the United States, however.Fads are common in any country that has a strong economy(e.g. Britain, Japan, and Germany).However, in the United States, there is an additional reason for fads: most Americans seem to feel that something is wrong if there isn't frequent change in their lives.
It's sometimes difficult to see the difference between a fad and a trend.A fad lasts a very short time and is not very important. A social trend, however, survives a long time and becomes a true part of modern culture.The use of personal computers, for example, is a trend; a fad, on the other hand, could be the use of certain types of computer games.
Who knows what changes in lifestyle will happen next?
我们不断变化的生活方式：潮流和时尚
如今，生活方式有种迅速变化的趋势。迅速变化的不仅仅只是一年流行而第二年就过时的服饰和发型，而是整个生活方式。
曾几何时，人们戴帽子，穿牛仔裤，喝白葡萄酒，到日本餐馆就餐，每天跑几英里健身。但到了第二年，所有这一切都变了：妇女们穿长裙，人们喝昂贵的法国进口水，到意大利餐馆就餐，似乎每个人都在健身俱乐部里锻炼身体。
现代生活中几乎没有什么能逃过时尚的影响：食品、音乐、运动、书籍、语言、电影、家具，甚至名字都会经历时髦或者过时的过程。人们追随的兴趣爱好会很快地改变。
在美国，甚至人也可以变得时尚或者过时。美国人喜欢追随名人的生活方式：演员、体育明星、著名艺人、政治家等。但是美国人也十分注意一点特殊才能都没有的人。比如，1981年，一位名不见经传的老妇人出现在一个电视广告里，她看着一只很小的汉堡包，大声抱怨道：“牛肉呢？”这三个字使她成了名。一时之间，她在杂志、报纸和电视上频频亮相，一下子大受欢迎，成了时尚。但是，这种名声并不持久。这种人只是在很短的一段时间里为众人所知——他们只是时尚。
是什么使这种时尚来得快也去得快？尽管时装设计师影响时装潮流为的是赚钱，但这种赚钱的欲望并不能解释其他方面的时尚，例如语言。比如，为什么青少年在过去25年里的不同时代中，谈话时使用“groovy（帅呆了）”或者“awesome （太棒了）”这样的词，而不只说“wonderful（好极了）”了呢？据一位流行文化专家说，追随时尚的人并不是愚蠢或爱慕虚荣；他们只是想成为富有创造性的新事物的一部分。
不过，时尚并不只是美国才有。任何经济强国（如英国、日本、德国）都有时尚。但是，在美国，时尚发生另有原因：大多数美国人似乎觉得，如果他们的
生活没有发生频繁的变化，那一定有什么地方不对劲了。
有时候很难区别时尚和潮流。时尚持续时间很短，也不太重要。但是一种社会潮流能长时间存在，并且真正成为现代文化的一部分。比如说，使用个人电脑是一种潮流，而使用某种电脑游戏只可能成为一种时尚。
谁知道今后的生活方式又会发生什么样的变化呢？
My First Job
My first real long-term job, though, was at a local diner called Mel's Place. I worked there for seven years and learned so many lessons, especially from a fellow waitress. Helen was in her 60s, had red hair, and tons of self-respect—something I was really lacking.I looked up to Helen because she was doing what she loved—serving people—and nobody did it better. She made everyone smile and feel good, customers and fellow-workers alike.
I also learned how important it is to take pride in life's little achievements: when I helped out in the kitchen, for example, nothing made me feel better than preparing the eggs and serving them just the way the customers wanted.
Being a waitress really changed my life. One of my regular customers, Fred Hasbrook, a salesman, always ate the same thing every day. As soon as I saw him walking towards the diner, I would put his order in without him even needing to ask.
Thanks to the confidence I picked up from Helen, I dreamed of having my own restaurant one day. Unfortunately, when I called my parents to ask them to lend me the money, they said, "We just don't have it." The next day, Fred saw me and asked, "What's wrong, Sunshine? You're not smiling today." I shared my dream with him and said, "Fred, I know I could do so much more if somebody would just have faith in me."
He walked over to some of the other regulars at the diner, and then gave me $50,000 the very next day—along with a note that I still have. It reads, "Good people with a dream should have the opportunity to make it come true."
I quickly went to a bank, where the money was invested for me. In the meantime, I continued working at the diner, making plans for the restaurant I would one day open.Sadly, the money was not invested well, and I lost it all.
At that time, I found myself thinking about what it would be like to be a stockbroker, and decided to apply for a job at the bank. Even though I had no experience, I was hired and ended up doing quite well. Eventually, I even paid Fred and my customers back the $50,000, plus14-percent annual
interest.Five years later, I was able to open my own firm.
Recently, I received a thank-you note from Fred that will forever be printed on my heart. He had been sick, and wrote that the money I sent him had helped to cover his mounting medical bills.His letter read, "I'm so glad I invested in you."
I'm so glad I had that first job.
我的第一份工作
我第一份真正长久的工作其实是在本地的一个叫“梅尔之家”的小餐馆当服务员。我在那儿干了七年，学到很多东西，尤其是从一位女服务员海伦那里学到了很多。海伦六十多岁，红头发，自尊心很强——这是我当时真正缺乏的东西。我敬佩海伦，因为她在做她所热爱的事——接待顾客——而且没人比她做得更好。她使每一个人，无论是顾客还是同事，都面带笑意，心情愉快。
我还学到了重要的一点，那就是为生活中取得的小小成就感到自豪。比如，我在厨房里帮忙的时候，没有什么比完全按照顾客希望的方式做好鸡蛋、给他们端上更让我感到高兴的了。
当女服务员确实改变了我的一生。我的一个常客，弗雷德·哈斯布鲁克，是个推销员，他每天总是吃同样的东西。我一看到他朝小餐馆走来，就会把他想点的东西准备好，他甚至都不需要开口。
因为从海伦那里学到了自信，我梦想着有一天能拥有自己的餐馆。可惜，当我打电话向我父母借钱时，他们说：“我们实在没钱。”
第二天，弗雷德见了我，问道：“出什么事了，阳光女孩？今天没见你笑。”我把我的梦想告诉了他，说：“弗雷德，我知道，只要有人相信我，我还能做很多事情。”
他向小餐馆的其他几个常客走去，第二天就交给我50,000美元，还有一张我至今还保留着的纸条，上面写着：“拥有梦想的好人应该有机会让梦想成真。”
我很快去了一家银行，这家银行替我拿这笔钱做投资。与此同时，我一边继续在小餐馆工作，一边盘算着自己开店。让我难过的是，这笔钱投资失败，我血本无回。
就在这时，我开始考虑去试着做一个股票经纪人，于是决定申请一份银行的工作。我虽然没有经验，但还是被雇用了，并且做得非常好。后来，我甚至还把50,000美元还给了弗雷德和其他顾客，外加每年14%的利息。五年后，我终于有能力开了自己的公司。
最近，我收到弗雷德的一封感谢信，这封信将永远地印在我的心上。前一阵他病了，并说是我寄给他的钱帮他支付了拖欠的医疗费。他在信里说：“我真高兴当时在你身上投资。”
我真高兴当时做了那第一份工作。
Father Dearest
My father and I were watching a video in which my two-year-old nephew, Cameron, ran into view with a spoon sticking out of his mouth. "He'll trip, and that spoon will go right into his throat," my father said with worry. Like most parents, Dad has always tried to protect his children.As a doctor, too, he is especially conscious of the many dangers surrounding us.
I remember having dinner at a friend's house once, and being surprised that nobody said a word about food poisoning. At home, "Did you wash your hands?" was spoken at every single meal.
Restaurants, Dad warned, presented many risks—from careless waiters who might drop hot coffee onto your head, to employees who didn't wash their hands.
Fashion, too, could be dangerous, according to my father. A few years ago, he took away my coat because he said I hadn't had it made right.When I asked him about it, Dad put the coat on to show me how serious the problem was.
"Look—it's too long, even on me. And this material is so heavy that it would pull you down."
"I have never heard of anyone being injured by too heavy a coat."
"Do you want to be the first? Just cut it off here," he said, drawing his hand across his knees.
Fashion was only one of the many dangers from which we had to guard ourselves. To this day, when I walk within yards of tree branches, I pause and hear Dad's voice: "Watch your eyes!"
Of course, as children, we did not always listen to Dad. We had our broken bones, car accidents, and illnesses—some of which might have been avoided if we had followed his advice.
When my brothers and sisters and I talk about the old days, we recall Dad's telling us not to jump too hard and high while playing sports because of the possibility of backbone injury, and the driving directions he gave us with as few left turns as possible. Now, we find ourselves giving similar warnings: we phone my younger brother to tell him that we read about someone dying from poisoning, or my younger sister to warn her about the high lead content of certain window coverings.
Now, too, Dad has a new generation to guide. His grandchildren have caught on quickly, knowing to shake their fingers and say, "That's dangerous!" at the sight of cleaning products. "That's too big a bite —be careful," three-year-old Margaret tells her two-year-old sister at the holiday dinner table. As everyone is leaving, we all laugh when my niece says goodbye to Dad: "Be careful, Poppa!"
After each weekend visit at my parents' home, I have my father drop me off at the quiet train station for my trip back to Manhattan. As I wait, I can see his car in the parking lot; I know that he is watching to see that I board safely.
When I am seated, I watch him drive off, wanting, as I do more and more often now, to protect him from the world's sharp edges, the way he always tried to protect us. I wish I could give him the reassurance his worrying and caring have given me.
As the train pulls away, I say quietly, "Be careful, Dad."
最亲爱的父亲
我和父亲在看录像，这时画面上出现了我两岁的侄子卡梅伦，嘴里叼着一只勺子。“要是绊倒的话，勺子会戳进他的喉咙的，”父亲担心地说。
和大多数父母一样，父亲一直在努力保护着他的孩子们。作为医生，他对我们身边的危险也特别敏感。
记得有一次在朋友家吃饭，竟然没有一个人提及同食物中毒有关的字眼，我感到奇怪。如果在家里，每顿饭都会有人问“你洗手了吗？”
父亲告诫我们说，在饭店就餐会面临许多危险——粗心的服务员可能会把滚烫的咖啡打翻在你头上，饭店员工们可能没洗过手，等等。
在父亲看来，时装也会有危险。几年前，他拿走了我的大衣，因为他说那大衣做得不对劲。我问他怎么不对劲，他穿上大衣，向我说明问题有多严重：“看，我穿着都太长。而且这料子还这么重，会把你压坏的。”
“我可从没听说过有人因大衣太重而受伤的。”
“你想成为第一个吗？要从这儿剪掉。”父亲说着用手在他的膝盖处比划了一下。
时装只是我们必须提防的许多危险之一。直到现在，当走到离树枝尚有数码之遥时，我仍会停下来，耳边似乎又响起了父亲的声音：“当心戳到眼睛！”
当然，我们小时候并不总是听父亲的话。我们曾经摔断过骨头、出过交通事故、生过病。如果我们听从父亲劝告的话，有些意外是可以避免的。
当我和兄妹们聊起过去的时候，我们会回想起父亲叫我们运动时不要跳得太猛太高，因为这样可能会使脊柱受伤。他给我们的开车路线总是尽量避免左转弯。如今，我们发觉自己也常常像父亲那样告诫别人。我们会打电话给弟弟，告诉他我们读到了有人中毒死亡的新闻，或者打电话给妹妹，提醒她某种窗帘的含铅量很高。
现在，父亲又可以教导新一代人了。他的孙子孙女们领会得很快，看见洗涤用品，他们知道摇摇手指说：“那很危险！”假日晚餐上，三岁的玛格丽特跟两岁的妹妹说：“你一口吃得太多了。小心点儿。”分别时，我侄女这样同我父亲说再见：“保重，爷爷！”我们听后都笑了起来。
每周末去父母家拜访后，父亲会开车把我送到一个宁静的火车站乘火车回曼哈顿。候车时，我可以看见他的车还在停车场里。我知道他要看着我安全上车。
上火车坐定后，我会看着他开车离去。我越来越希望用他努力保护我们的那种方式来保护他，使他不受各种危险的伤害。他的挂念和关心给了我一种安心的感觉，我也希望自己同样能给他带来这种安心的感觉。
火车开动了，我默默地说：“爸爸，保重。”
Life in a Violin Case
In order to tell you what I believe, I must briefly bring up something from my personal history.
The turning point of my life was my decision to give up a promising career in business to study music. My parents, although sympathetic, disapproved of music as an occupation. This was understandable, I thought, in view of my family background.
My grandfather taught music for nearly forty years at Spring Hill College. Despite being greatly respected in the community, he earned barely enough to provide for his large family. My father often said that it was only because my grandmother was so economical that the wolves were kept at bay.
As a consequence of this example in the family, the very mention of music as a career carried with it the idea of an uncertain existence. My parents insisted upon college instead of music school, and so to college I went.
Before my graduation from Columbia University, my family ran into some money problems, and so I felt it was my duty to leave college and find a job. Before I knew it, I had begun my career in business—a time in my life that I feel was wasted.
Now, I do not for a moment mean to speak poorly of business; my whole point is that it was just not for me. I went into it for money, and aside from the satisfaction of being able to help the family, money is all I got out of it.It was just not enough. I felt that life was passing me by.I became very sad. My aim was to save enough money to quit and go to Europe to study music.
I used to get up at dawn to practice before I left for "downtown". Instead of lunching with my coworkers, I would seek out some cheap caf é and order a mean meal. I continued to make money, and finally, little by little, I saved enough to go abroad.
At that time, my family no longer needed my help, and so I gave up my position and sailed for Europe. I stayed four years, worked harder than I had ever dreamed of working before, and enjoyed every minute of it.
"Enjoyed" is too mild a word, really; I walked on air. I really lived.
I was a free man and I was doing what I loved to do and what I was meant to do.
If I had stayed in business, I might be a really wealthy man today.
I do not believe, however, I would have made a success of living. I would have given up a happiness that money can't buy—something that is all-too-often done when one's primary goal is making money.
When I broke away from the business world, it was against the advice of practically all of my friends and family. So conditioned are
most of us to the idea that success is money—so much so that the thought of giving up a good salary for happiness seems foolish. If so, all I can say is "Gee, it's great to be foolish!"
Money is a wonderful thing, but now I know that it is possible to pay too high a price for it.
小提琴盒里的生活
为了让你了解我的信念，我必须简单地说一说我的个人历史。
我的人生转折点是我决定放弃前途无量的经商生涯去学习音乐。虽然父母也能理解我，但他们不同意我把音乐当作一种职业。从我的家庭背景来看，我想这是可以理解的。
我的祖父在斯普林希尔学院教了将近40年的音乐。虽然他在社会上备受尊敬，可他几乎赚不到足够的钱来供养一大家子人。我父亲经常说，多亏了我祖母勤俭持家，他们才得以勉强维持生计。
家里有了这个先例，后来只要一提到以音乐为生，我们就想到朝不保夕的生活。父母坚持要我上大学而不是音乐学校，所以我就上了大学。
我从哥伦比亚大学毕业之前，家里经济上出了点问题，所以我感到自己有义务离开学校去找份工作。于是我就稀里糊涂地开始了经商生涯——我认为,那是自己一生当中的蹉跎岁月。
当然，我丝毫没有贬低经商的意思；我的意思只是说经商不适合我。我是为了钱才去经商的，而且，除了因为能够帮助家庭而得到的满足感之外，钱就是我经商所得到的一切。这还远远不够。我觉得生命在离我而去。我变得很忧伤。我的目的就是攒够钱后停止经商，然后去欧洲学习音乐。
我那时常常一大清早起来练琴，然后去“市中心”工作。我不和同事们一起吃中饭，而是找一家便宜的小餐馆，点一份简单便宜的午餐。我不停地赚钱，终于一点点地攒够了出国的钱。
那时，家里不再需要我帮助，所以我放弃了工作，坐船去了欧洲。我在那儿呆了4年，发奋学习，用功的程度是我以前做梦都想不到的，而且每一分钟都过得很开心。
说真的，“开心”这个词还不足以表达我的心情；我简直是陶醉了。这才是真正的生活。我成了一个自由的人，我在做我喜欢和该做的事情。
如果一直经商的话，我今天可能已经是一个真正的有钱人了。然而，我并不认为那样的生活会是成功的。我可能放弃掉了金钱所无法买到的幸福——当一个人的主要目标是赚钱时，这种幸福往往就被放弃掉了。
我脱离商界几乎是违背了所有朋友和家人的忠告。我们大多数人习惯性地认为金钱等于成功——这种想法如此根深蒂固，以致于在大多数人看来，为了幸福而放弃高薪的想法似乎是愚蠢的。如果这样，我只能说“啊！愚蠢太好了”。
钱是样好东西，但是现在我知道，为了它人们可能会付出太大的代价。
Cyber-stepmother
"Stepparent" is a term we attach to men and women who marry into families where children already exist. It is most certainly a giant "step", but one does often doubt whether the term "parent" truly applies—at least that's how I used to feel about being a stepmother to my husband's four children.
My husband and I were together for six years, and with him I watched his young children become young teenagers.Although they lived primarily with their mother, they spent a lot of time with us. Over the years, we all learned to become more comfortable with each other, and to adjust to our new family arrangement.We enjoyed holidays together, ate family meals, worked on homework, played baseball and rented videos. However, I continued to feel like I was on the outside looking in, coming uninvited to a foreign kingdom.
When the children moved to a town five hours away, my husband was understandably upset. In order to continue regular communication with the kids, we set up an e-mail and chat-line service right away. This technology, combined with the telephone, enabled us to correspond with them on a daily basis by sending frequent notes and messages, and even chatting together when we were all online.
One sad thing, though, was that these modern tools of communication could still make me feel out of touch. If a computer message came addressed to "Dad", for example, I'd feel forgotten and neglected. If my name appeared along with his, it would brighten my day and make me feel like I was part of their core family unit. Yet, there was always a gap—some distance to be crossed—not just over the telephone wires.
Late one evening, as my husband was sitting in front of the television and I was catching up on my e-mail, an "instant message" appeared on the screen. It was Margo, my oldest stepdaughter, also up late and sitting in front of her computer five hours away.As we had done in the past, we sent several messages back and forth, exchanging any current news. When we would "chat" like that, she wouldn't necessarily know if it was her dad or I on the other end of the keyboard unless she asked. That night, she didn't ask and I didn't identify myself either.After hearing about the latest fashions at the mall, details about a dance at her school, and a history project that was in the works, I commented that it was late and I should get to sleep.Her return message read, "Okay, talk to you later! Love you!"
As I read this message, a wave of sadness ran through me as I realized that she must have thought she was writing to her father the whole time. She and I would never have openly exchanged such words of affection. Feeling guilty for not identifying myself, yet not wanting to embarrass her, I simply responded, "Love you too! Have a good sleep!"
I thought again of their family circle and felt the sharp ache of emptiness I thought I had grown accustomed to. Then, just as my fingers reached for the keys to return the screen to black, Margo's final message appeared.It read, "Tell Dad good night for me too." With tear-filled eyes, I turned the machine off.
母女网络情“继父母”这个词指的是与有子女的人结婚的人。这的确是一个很大的跨越，但是人们常常怀疑“父母”这个叫法是否真的是名正言顺——至少在我成为我丈夫4个子女的继母后，就曾经有过这样的顾虑。
我和丈夫在一起有6年了，我和他一起看着他那些小孩长成少年。虽然他们大部分时间和他们的母亲住在一起，但是他们和我们在一起的时间也不少。这些年来，我们都学会了彼此之间轻松相处，适应我们这个新的家庭组合。我们一起去度假，搞家庭聚餐，做家庭作业，打棒球，租录像带看。但我仍一直觉得自己是个置身事外的旁观者，一个陌生之地的不速之客。
在孩子们搬到距我们有5小时车程外的一个镇上后，我丈夫自然十分伤心。为了继续与孩子们的定期交流，我们马上申请了电子邮件和网上聊天服务。借助这项技术，加上电话线，我们能够经常发送短信和消息，甚至是网上聊天，这样，我们每天都能与孩子们交流。
不过令人伤心的是，这些现代通信工具仍然让我感觉是局外人。比如，如果收到一条电脑信息，抬头是“爸爸”，我就会觉得自己被遗忘和忽略了。如果我的名字和他的一起出现，那我一整天都会兴高采烈，觉得我是他们核心家庭的一员。然而，我们之间总是有一段距离——一段需要跨越的、不仅仅是电话间的距离。
一天深夜，我丈夫正在看电视，而我正抓紧收发电子邮件，突然屏幕上出现了“即时信息”的提示。信息是我最大的继女马戈发来的，她坐在5小时车程以外地方的电脑前，也在熬夜。和以前一样，我们互发了几条信息，交流彼此的近况。我们这样“交谈”的时候，如果她不问，她就不一定知道坐在另一端键盘前的人到底是她爸爸还是我。那晚，她没有问，我也没有挑明我是谁。听她讲完商场里的新潮款式、学校舞会的细节以及她手头的一项历史作业之后，我说时间不早了，该睡觉了。她回信息说：“好吧，下次再聊。我爱你！”
看到信息，我心头涌起一阵悲哀，因为我意识到她一定以为她一直是在与她爸爸聊天。她和我从来没有公开说过这样充满爱意的话。我为自己没有挑明身份而感到愧疚，但又不想让她难堪，于是我只是回答道：“我也爱你！睡个好觉！”
我又一次想到了他们的家庭圈子，我自以为已经习以为常的那种怅然若失的刺痛感又袭上心头。然而，就在我的指尖落到键盘上准备关机的时候，马戈发来的最后一条信息出现了：“代向爸爸道晚安。”我热泪盈眶地关掉了电脑。
How to Get the Job You Want
Getting the job you want requires drive, energy, and preparation. Though you may qualify for many positions, there is bitter competition for good jobs these days.There may be a dozen or more equally qualified candidates. Thus, you must convince your possible employer that you are that one special person he has been looking for. With a little guidance,
you can do it.
I was shocked when I learned that a person must treat looking for
a jo
b like a job itself. If you invest the same amount of energy into your job hunt as you would into your work, you will find a job much sooner. However, this rule does not apply to the person who already has a job—don't leave it yet! It is much easier to go from one job to another than to quit and start from ground zero.
One way to look for a job without risking your current position is to join a professional society in your field of interest—and play an active role in it. This will help you to get to know people, like top managers in companies you'd like to work for, that you would not otherwise meet.
Another big challenge is the interview—it is critical.
Psychologists have studied job interviews and found that they consist of two main parts. If you foul up the first part, your chances of getting the job will be extremely slim, no matter how well you handle the second part.
I call the first part the "30-Second Road Block", because research has shown that most employers judge their candidates' suitability in the first 30 seconds. This 30-second decision is based on what psychologists call the "Halo Effect", which refers to a person's first impression of you.Unfortunately, first impressions are not always good impressions. At its best, though, the Halo Effect can make people think we are better than we are.
Upon entry to the interview, remember to compose yourself, smile, use a firm handshake, and look the interviewer in the eye. Do this, and you'll clear the 30-Second Road Block with flying colors.
In addition, be prepared to answer the following three questions that almost every interviewer asks. It's wise to think about your answers a couple of days in advance; the person who decides just to wing it will never make as favorable an impression as someone who is prepared.
The sample questions are:
1. So, you are interested in working as an assistant in our laboratory—is that correct?
The answer is not simply "yes." The answer is yes PLUS—as in, "Yes, I'm very interested in this position.It's exactly the kind of opening I've been hoping to find." Keep your answer short, but never reply with a naked yes or no.
2. Why do you want this job?
One manager told me that when candidates answer this question with "I think it will be interesting" or "I like working with people," he crosses them off his list immediately. "This implies that they haven't any idea of what they really want to do and haven't given any thought to what the job involves," he explained.
3. What can you tell me about yourself?
The interviewer does NOT want your life history. What he is looking for is evidence of your character, ability, and drive.
That's it! With these instructions, you are certain to get the job you want. Good luck!
如何获得理想的工作
要得到理想的工作需要有动力、精力和准备。虽然你可以胜任许多职位，但现在对于好工作的竞争非常激烈，因为具备同样资格的求职者可能有十几个人甚至更多。因此，你得让可能成为你老板的人相信你才是他一直在寻找的那个特别人选。只需要一点指导，你就能够做到这点。
我很惊讶地认识到，你必须把找工作本身当成一种工作。如果你在找工作当中投入的精力和你投入工作中的一样多，那么就能更快地找到工作。
然而，这一法则不适用于已经有工作的人——别轻易放弃你的工作！换工作比辞职之后再从头开始要容易得多。
有一种方法可以让你在不危及目前职位的情况下，去谋取一份新的工作：那就是参加与你的专长相关的专业社团活动，并且在其中积极表现。这样有助于认识更多的人，比如认识你想去的公司的老总们，而这些人平时你是遇不到的。
另一个重大挑战是面试——这是很关键的。
心理学家在研究求职面试后发现，面试包括两个主要部分。如果第一部分表现极差，那么无论你在第二部分的表现有多么出色，你获得工作的希望都会非常渺茫。
我把第一部分称为“30秒关卡”，因为研究表明大部分雇主在面试的头30秒内就判定了应聘者是否适合做这项工作。这种30秒判定法是基于心理学家所说的“成见效应”，也就是你给别人留下的第一印象。糟糕的是第一印象并不总是美好的。然而，在最好的情况下，“成见效应”会使别人觉得我们比我们的真实情况要更好。
一进入面试现场，要记住保持镇静，面带微笑，握手有力，同时还要看着对方的眼睛。做到这些，你将会轻易闯过30秒关卡。
此外，几乎所有的面试者都会提出下列3个问题，你要做好应答的准备。明智的做法是提前几天想好答案；和有备而来的人相比，决定临时应付的人永远也不会给人留下很好的印象。
这3个示范性问题如下：
1. 这么说，你有兴趣在我们实验室当一名助手——是吗？
不能简单地回答“是”。回答“是”后要再加上些内容——比如，“是的，我对该职位非常感兴趣，这正是我期待已久的工作。”回答要简洁，但永远也别苍白地只回答说“是”或“不是”。
2. 你为什么看中这份工作？
某位经理告诉我，如果应征者对此问题回答说“我觉得这个工作很有趣”或
“我喜欢与人合作”，他会立即把他们从名单上删除。“这意味着他们根本就不了解自己想做什么，也没考虑过这份工作的要求，”他解释道。
3. 谈谈你自己好吗?
面试者并非想了解你的整个生活历程。他想了解的是能证明你性格、能力、动力的事实。
就这些了！有了上述指导，你肯定会找到理想的工作。祝你好运！
Unit1奔向更加光明的未来 1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。在这所大学里，我们承诺 将使你们学有所成。 2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。” “等一等 , ”爸爸说，“把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。” 在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。至今它还放在我办公室的桌子上。 3 让我来告诉你们, 一些你们未必预料得到的事情。你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你 们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住：未来是建立在过 去扎实的基础上的。 4 对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。在这里，你们拥有丰富的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团——从文科社团到理科社团、到社区服务等等。你们将自由地探索、学习新科目。你们要学着习惯点灯熬油，学着结交充满魅力的人，学着 去追求新的爱好。我想鼓励你们充分利用这一特殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获 这一机会所带来的丰硕成果。 5 有这么多课程可供选择，你可能会不知所措。你不可能选修所有的课程，但是要尽可能 体验更多的课程！大学里有很多事情可做可学，每件事情都会为你提供不同视角来审视世 界。如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！不要认为你早就了解自己对什么样的领域最感兴趣。选择一些你从未接触过的领域的课程。这样，你不仅会变得更加博学，而且更有可能发现一个你未曾想到的、能成就你未来的爱好。一个绝佳的例子就是时装设计师王薇薇，她最初学的是艺术史。随着时间的推移，王薇薇把艺术史研究和对时装的热爱结合起来，并将其转化为对设计的热情，从而使她成为全球闻名的设计师。 6 在大学里，一下子拥有这么多新鲜体验可能不会总是令人愉快的。在你的宿舍楼里，住在你 隔壁寝室的同学可能会反复播放同一首歌，令你头痛欲裂！你可能喜欢早起，而你的室友 却是个夜猫子！尽管如此，你和你的室友仍然可能成为最要好的朋友。如果有些新的经历让你感觉不那么舒心，不要担心。我保证快乐的经历会多于不快的经历。而且我保证几乎所有这些经历都会给你带来宝贵的经验教训，从而使你的生活更加丰富多彩。所以，带着热切的目光和欢乐的心情，勇敢向前去拥抱这些新的体验吧！ 7 我们相信，你们的自我发现之旅和对爱好的寻求带给你们的将不仅仅是个人的进步。我们相信，当你们成为我们的学者群体中的一员时，你们很快就会认识到，大学不仅提供大量自我充实的机会，同时也带来了责任。一位智者说过：“教育代代相传，它就是社会的灵魂。”你们是你们家庭辛勤劳动成果的传承者，也是无数前辈辛勤劳动成果的传承者。他们积累了知识，并把知识传递给你们，而这些知识正是你们取得成功所必需的。现在轮到你们了。你们会获取什么样的知识？你们会发现什么样的兴趣爱好？你们怎样做才能为你们的子孙后代创造一个强大昌盛的未来？ 8 我们很高兴能为你们人生旅途中这一重大阶段开启大门。我们很高兴你们将获得许多机会，也很高兴你们将作为社区、国家乃至世界的公民承担起应有的责任。欢迎你们！
New words tedious a. boring and continuing for too long 冗长乏味的 Telling the story has become tedious, as I have done it so many times. 讲述这个故事已变得单调乏味，因为我已经讲了这么多次了。 oblige vt. (usu. passive) make sb. feel that it is necessary to do sth. 迫使；使负有义务 He felt obliged to help his mother, even if it meant leaving college. 他觉得有责任帮助母亲，即使这意味着他要离开大学。 absorbed a. so interested or involved in sth. that you do not notice anything else 极感兴趣的；全神贯注的；专注的 Time passes quickly when you are absorbed in reading a good book. 在聚精会神地读一本好书的时候，时间过得非常快。 allergic a. 1 (be ~ to sth.) (infml.) if you are allergic to sth., you do not like it and try to avoid it 不喜欢某事；对某事反感 Most men are allergic to housework. 大多数男人都不喜欢做家务。 2 having an allergy 过敏的 I do not enjoy picnics because I am allergic to grass. 我不喜欢野餐，因为我对草过敏。excursion n. [C] a short journey you take for pleasure 短途出行；远足 It was such a wonderful day that they decided to take a day excursion to the mountain. 这么好的天气，他们决定去山上一日游。 Included in the Beijing tour is an excursion to the Great Wall. 北京之行包括了游览长城。
新视野大学英语读写教程2 第一单元 1. charge 2. convention 3. efficient 4. obtain 5. competent 6. asessing 7. fulfill 8. conducting 9. consequently 10. significance IV. 1. behind 2. at 3. in 5. to 6. to 10. for V. 1. L 2. C 4. N 5. O 7. E 10. K Word Building VI. 2. attraction 3. appointment 5. civilization 11. acquisition VII. 4. considerable 5. remarkable Sentence Structure VIII. less can he write English articles less can he manage a big company less could he carry it upstairs less have I spoken to him less to read a lot outside of it IX. meals at home can cost as little as two or three dollars, whereas eating out at a restaurant is always more expensive. thought she was rather proud,whereas in fact she was just very shy. have never done anything for them, whereas they have done so much for us. prefers to stay for another week, whereas her husband prefers to leave immediately. praise him highly,whereas others put him down severely. Translation X. wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner. thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth. do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. XI. 1.我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了. 2.男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元. 3.自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响. 4.期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书. 5.有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国.其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化. 6.最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的40%.
新视野大学英语(第二版)读写教程 3 课文翻译.txt39人生旅程并不是一帆风顺的，逆境失意会经常伴随着我们，但人性的光辉往往在不如意中才显示出来，希望是激励我们前进的巨大的无形的动力。40奉献是爱心，勇于付出，你一定会收到意外之外的馈赠。第一单元 a 我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产，因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后，我出生了。 从此以后，我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。 伴随我成长的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也带上。” 不带上他，我是哪里也去不了的。因此，我怂恿邻居的孩子到我家来，尽情地玩孩子们玩的游戏。 我母亲教吉米学习日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮带什么的。 我父亲宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心贴着心。 我则负责外面的事，找到那些欺负我哥哥的孩子们的父母，告他们的状，为我哥哥讨回公道。 父亲和吉米形影不离。 他们一道吃早饭，平时每天早上一道开车去海军航运中心，他们都在那里工作，吉米在那搬卸标有彩色代号的箱子。 晚饭后，他们一道交谈，玩游戏，直到深夜。 他们甚至用口哨吹相同的曲调。 所以，父亲1991年因心脏病去世时，吉米几乎崩溃了，尽管他尽量不表现出来。 他就是不能相信父亲去世这一事实。 通常，他是一个令人愉快的人，现在却一言不发，无论说多少话都不能透过他木然的脸部表情了解他的心事。 我雇了一个人和他住在一起，开车送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地维持原状，吉米还是认为他熟悉的世界已经消失了。 有一天，我问他：“你是不是想念爸爸？” 他的嘴唇颤抖了几下，然后问我：“你怎么看，玛格丽特？他是我最好的朋友。” 接着，我俩都流下了眼泪。 六个月后，母亲因肺癌去世，剩下我一人来照顾吉米。 吉米不能马上适应去上班时没有父亲陪着，因此搬来纽约和我一起住了一段时间。 我走到哪里他就跟到哪里，他好像适应得很好。 但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，继续干他原来的工作。我答应把他送回去。 此事最后做成了。 如今，他在那里生活了11年，在许多人的照料下，同时依靠自己生活得有声有色。 他已成了邻里间不可或缺的人物。 如果你有邮件要收，或有狗要遛，他就是你所要的人。 当然，母亲的话没错：可以有一个家，既能容纳他的缺陷又能装下我的雄心。 事实上，关照像吉米这样一个深爱又感激我的人，更加丰富了我的生活，其他任何东西都不能与之相比。
新视野大学英语第三版第二册读写课文翻译 Unit 1 Text A 一堂难忘的英语课 1 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。对他而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。 2 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？” 3 她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！” 4 没了。所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。 5 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they're之间的不同，或区别complimentary 跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。 6 学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说，杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣称They've just ate。实际上，他们应该说They've just eaten。因此，批评学生不合乎情理。 7 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。还有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识，因为他们过去也没接触过。学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们并没把语言的基本框架——准确的语法和恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生。
读写教程01课文翻译 Unit01 TestA 奔向更加光明的未来 1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。 2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。妈妈吩咐我们：“姿势自然点。”“等一等,”爸爸说，“把我递给他闹钟的情景拍下来。”在大学期间，那个闹钟每天早晨叫醒我。至今它还放在我办公室的桌子上。 3 让我来告诉你们一些你们未必预料得到的事情。你们将会怀念以前的生活习惯，怀念父母曾经提醒你们要刻苦学习、取得佳绩。你们可能因为高中生活终于结束而喜极而泣，你们的父母也可能因为终于不用再给你们洗衣服而喜极而泣！但是要记住：未来是建立在过去扎实的基础上的。 4 对你们而言，接下来的四年将会是无与伦比的一段时光。在这里，你们拥有丰富的资源：有来自全国各地的有趣的学生，有学识渊博又充满爱心的老师，有综合性图书馆，有完备的运动设施，还有针对不同兴趣的学生社团——从文科社团到理科社团、到社区服务等等。你们将自由地探索、学习新科目。你们要学着习惯点灯熬油，学着结交充满魅力的人，学着去追求新的爱好。我想鼓励你们充分利用这一特殊的经历，并用你们的干劲和热情去收获这一机会所带来的丰硕成果。 5 有这么多课程可供选择，你可能会不知所措。你不可能选修所有的课程，但是要尽可能体验更多的课程！大学里有很多事情可做可学，每件事情都会为你提供不同视角来审视世界。如果我只能给你们一条选课建议的话，那就是：挑战自己！不要认为你早就了解自己对什么样的领域最感兴趣。选择一些你从未接触过的领域的课程。这样，你不仅会变得更加博学，而且更有可能发现一个你未曾想到的、能成就你未来的爱好。一个绝佳的例子就是时装设计师王薇薇，她最初学的是艺术史。随着时间的推移，王薇薇把艺术史研究和对时装的热爱结合起来，并将其转化为对设计的热情，从而使她成为全球闻名的设计师。 6 在大学里，一下子拥有这么多新鲜体验可能不会总是令人愉快的。在你的宿舍楼里，住在你隔壁寝室的同学可能会反复播放同一首歌，令你头痛欲裂！你可能喜欢早起，而你的室友却是个夜猫子！尽管如此，你和你的室友仍然可能成为最要好的朋友。如果有些新的经历让你感觉不那么舒心，不要担心。我保证快乐的经历会多于不快的经历。而且我保证几乎所有这些经历都会给你带来宝贵的经验教训，从而使你的生活更加丰富多彩。所以，带着热切的目光和欢乐的心情，去拥抱这些新的体验吧！ 7 我们相信，你们的自我发现之旅和对爱好的寻求带给你们的将不仅仅是个人的进步。我们相信，当你们成为我们的学者群体中的一员时，你们很快就会认识到，大学不仅提供大量
1.她连水都不愿意喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn’t take a drink, much less would she stay for dinner. 2.他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth. 3. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？ How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4.他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 6. 我们已经在这个项目上投诉了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续努力。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. 1. 尽管她在家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents. 2. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。 Mike didn’t come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation. 3.坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但绝不是什么大作家。 The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great writer. 4. 他对足球不感兴趣，也不关心谁输谁赢。He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses. 5. 经理需要一个可信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence. 6.这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。 This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience. 1. 你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。 You are never too experienced to learn new techniques. 2. 还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。 There remains one problem, namely, who should be sent to head the research there. 3. 由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。 Their relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences. 4. 虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。 Though he has had ups and downs, I believed all along that he would succeed someday. 5. 我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。 I have some reservations about the truth of your claim. 6. 她长得不特别高，但是身材瘦，给人一种个子高的错觉。 She isn't particularly tall, but her slim figure gives an illusion of height. 1.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。 It is a great pleasure to meet friends from afar. 2. 不管黑猫白猫，能抓住老鼠就是好猫。 It doesn't matter whether the cat is black or white as long as it catches mice.
WHAT IS STRESS The term stress has been defined in several different ways. sometimes the term is applied to stimuli or events in our environment that make physical and emotional demands on us, and sometimes it is applied to our emotional and physical reactions to such stimuli. in this discussion, we will refer to the environmental stimuli or events as stressors and to the emotional and physical reactions as stress. 压力这个词已经有几种不同的定义。有时候这个术语适用于我们环境中的刺激或事件，这些刺激或事件会对我们产生身体和情感方面的要求，有时也适用于我们对这种刺激的情绪和身体反应。在这个讨论中，我们将环境刺激或事件称为压力，并将情绪和身体上的反应称为压力。 Many sorts of events be stressors, including disasters, such as hurricanes or tornadoes; major life events, such as divorce or the loss of a job; and daily hassles, such as having to wait in line at the supermarket when you need to be somewhere else in 10 minutes. What all this events have in common is that they interfere with or threat our accustomed way of life. when we encounter such stressors, we must pull together our mental and physical resources in order to deal with the challenge. How well we succeed in doing so will determine how serious a toll the stress will take on our mental and physical well-being. 许多事件都是压力源，包括灾难，如飓风或龙卷风; 重大生活事件，如离婚或失业; 每天都有麻烦，比如当你要在10分钟内到别的地方去却不得不在超市排队等。所有这些事件都有共同之处，就是它们干涉或威胁我们习惯的生活方式。当我们遇到这样的压力时，我们必须整合我们的精神和物质资源来应对挑战。我们如何成功地做到这一点将决定压力对我们身心健康将产生多大的影响。 Reacting to stressors The Canadian physiologist Hans Seyle has been the most influential writer on stress. Seyle proposed that both humans and other animals react to any stressor in three stages, collectively known as the general adaptation syndrome. the first stage, when the person or animal becomes aware of the stressor is the alarm reaction. In this stage the organism becomes highly alert and aroused, energized by a burst of epinephrine. After the alarm reaction comes the stage of resistance , as the organism tries to adapt to the stressful stimulus or to escape from it. If these efforts are successful, the state of the organism returns to normal. If the organism cannot adapt to the continuing stress, however, it enters a stage of exhaustion or collapse. 加拿大生理学家Hans Seyle在压力方面一直是最有影响力的作家。塞尔提出，人类和其他动物在三个阶段对任何压力源作出反应，统称为一般适应综合症。第一阶段，当人或动物意识到应激源时，就是警报反应。在这个阶段，机体变得高度警觉和激起，并被一阵肾上腺素所激发。当警报反应进入抵抗阶段后，机体试图适应压力刺激或逃避压力。如果这些努力成功，机体的状态就会恢复正常。然而，如果生物体不能适应持续的压力，它就进入衰竭或崩溃的阶段。 Seyle developed his model of the general adaptation syndrome as a result of research with rats and other animals. In rats, certain stressors, such as painful tail-pulling consistently led to the same sorts of stress reactions in humans, however, it is harder to predict what will be stressful to a particular person at a particular time. subjective person's the on depends stressful be will stimulus particular a Whether
Unit 1 Text A 一堂难忘的英语课 1如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。对他而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。 2我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来的。这个学 生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？” 3她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！” 4没了。所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！ 我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。 5关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能够区分 诸如their/there/they're之间的不同，或区别complimentary 跟complementary之间显而易见的 差异。由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他 们应该学得更好。 6学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说，杂货店的指 示牌会把他们引向stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery （文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣称They'vejustate。实际上，他们应该说They've justeaten。因此，批评学生不合乎情理。 7对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语熟练程度 制定出更高的标准。可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。还有就是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要的语言结构方面的知识，因为他们过去也没接触过。学校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们并没把语言的基本框架——准确的语法和 恰当的词汇——充分地传授给学生。 8因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一步、注重 技巧地进行。有一天机会来了。我跟儿子开车外出。我们出发时，他看到一只小鸟飞得很不稳，就说：“它飞的不稳。”（It's flying so unsteady.）我小心翼翼地问：“儿子，鸟怎么飞?”“有问题吗？我说得不对吗？（Did I sayanythingincorrectly? ）”他一头雾水。“太好了，你说的是incorrectly 而不是incorrect。我们用副词来描述动词。所以，要用unsteadily来描述 鸟飞，而不是unsteady。” 9他对我的纠正很好奇，就问我什么是副词。我慢慢解释道：“副词是用来修饰动词的词。”这又导致了他询问我什么是动词。我解释说：“动词是表示行为的词，例如：爸爸开卡车。‘开’是动词，因为它是爸爸在做的事。” 10他开始对表示行为的词产生兴趣，所以我们又罗列了几个动词：“飞行”、“游泳”、“跳水”、“跑步”。然后，他又好奇地问我，其他的词有没有说明它们的用法和功能的名称。这就引发了我们对名词、形容词和冠词的讨论。在短短十分钟的驾驶时间内，他从对语法一 无所知到学会了句子中主要词语的词性。这是一次毫无痛苦而又非常有趣的学习经历。 11也许，语言应该被看成是一张路线图和一件珍品：我们要常常查看路线图（核对语 法）和调整汽车的引擎（调节词汇）。学好语法和掌握大量的词汇就好比拿着路线图在车况 良好的车里驾驶。 12路线图为你的旅行提供所需的基本路线和路途指南，可是它不会告诉你一路上你究 竟会看见什么树或什么花，你会遇见什么样的人，或会有什么样的感受。这里，词汇会使 你的旅途变得五彩缤纷、栩栩如生。大量的词汇让你享受到开车途中所见的点点滴滴。借助语法和丰富的词汇，你就有了灵活性，掌控自如。路线图会把你带到目的地，而一台好 车却能让你完全陶醉于旅途的所有景色、声音及经历之中。
新视野大学英语第三版Book 2 课文翻译 Unit 1 Text A 一堂难忘的英语课 1 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。对他而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对此我儿子似乎颇为反感。 2 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？” 3 她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！” 4 没了。所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强烈的忧虑。 5 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they're之间的不同，或区别complimentary 跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。 6 学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说，杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣称They've just ate。实际上，他们应该说They've just eaten。因此，批评学生不合乎情理。 7 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语熟练程度制定出更高的标准。可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是
Unit1 爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事 1 在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。 2 但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。她拥有合适的家庭背景，足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。 3 “光彩照人”，她已经是了。而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”，让她变得“谈吐优雅”。 4 在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后，我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。我的想法有些怪异。而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区，我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。我们呆在车子里，我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。“我们要谈些什么？”她问道。 5 “逻辑学。” 6 “好酷啊，”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说。 7 “逻辑学的原理，”我说道，“即清晰思考的主要原则。逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实，其中有些还很普遍。我们先来看看一种叫做‘绝对判断’的逻辑谬误。” 8 “好啊，”她表示同意。 9 “‘绝对判断’是指在证据不足的情况下所作出的推断。比方说：运动是有益的，所以每个人都应该运动。” 10 她点头表示赞同。 11 我看得出她没弄明白。“波莉，”我解释说，“这个推断太过简单化了。如果你有心脏病或者超级肥胖症什么的，运动就变得有害而不是有益。所以你应该说，运动对大多数人来说是有益的。” 12 “接下来是‘草率结论’。这似乎不言自明，对吧？仔细听好了：你不会说法语，罗伯也不会说法语，那么这所学校里好像是没有人会说法语。” 13 “是吗？”波莉吃惊地说。“没有人吗？” 14 “这也是一种逻辑谬误，”我说，“这一结论太草率了，因为能够支持这一结论的例证太
新视野大学英语读写教程2——课文翻译 Unit1 美国人认为没有人能停止不前。 如果你不求进取，你就会落伍。 这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。 时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一要素是劳力。 人们一直说：“只有时间才能支配我们。” 人们似乎把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待。 我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。 时间是一种宝贵的资源，许多人都深感人生的短暂。 时光一去不复返。 我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。 外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙──常常处于压力之下。 城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。 白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。人们认为工作时间是宝贵的。 在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人尽快吃完，以便他们也能及时用餐， 你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。 你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。 不要觉得这是针对你个人的， 这是因为人们都非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。 许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜访等场合开始时的寒暄。 他们也会怀念那种一边喝茶或喝咖啡一边进行的礼节性交流，这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。 他们也许还会怀念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。 一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。 既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。 因此，时间老是在我们心中滴滴答答地响着。 因此，我们千方百计地节约时间。 我们发明了一系列节省劳力的装置； 我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间，尤其是在马路上交通拥挤的时候。 因此，我们把大多数个人拜访安排在下班以后的时间里或周末的社交聚会上。 就我们而言，电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头上事情的重要性之间很少有或完全没有关系。 在有些国家，如果没有目光接触，就做不成大生意，这需要面对面的交谈。
婚前协议 一位即将结婚的男子希望能够确保即使婚姻失败，他仍可以把他珍爱的冰淇淋藏品好好储存在冰柜里。一名女子坚持要求明确婚后由谁来遛狗。一名男子要求，如果他未来的新娘婚后体重增加15磅以上，他有权离婚。 以上这些都是婚前协议中一些比较荒唐的条款。但是不要弄错了，大多数婚前协议涉及到的都是钱──以及一旦离婚该怎样分配财产。而且，离婚及其带来的钱财纠纷，在美国是很常见的事。 婚前协议──简称prenup──就是用来处理这些问题的。婚前协议由即将结婚的男女双方的律师共同协定，然后由双方在牧师宣布他们结为夫妻之前签署。自20世纪80年代初以来，婚前协议在美国被越来越多的人接受，因为当时越来越多的州开始通过关于离婚财产分配的法律。这些法律要么是基于“共有财产”（平均分配），要么是基于“合理分配”（法官认为怎样“公平”就怎样分）。 名人的婚前协议总是新闻头条：杰奎琳·肯尼迪·奥纳西斯的律师在亚里士多德·奥纳西斯死后拿出两人的婚前协议对簿公堂，据说她后来在庭外和解中得到了2,600万美元。 但婚前协议也适用于那些不甚有名却很富有的人。“这是因为离婚会带来巨大的经济后果，而再婚又如此常见，”一位家庭法律师说。 典型的想签订婚前协议的人是那些积累了大量财富、曾吃过苦头的男性，他们想减少日后的麻烦。“他们想自己安排解决，而不想让法庭裁决，”美国婚姻法律师协会纽约分会的会长说。 保护前一次婚姻的孩子是签署婚前契约的一个重要原因。“有人可能有价值10亿美元的财产，而他又不想让第二个配偶分得5亿美元。他可能想多留一点给自己的孩子，”一名律师说。为了将财产传到自己的儿孙手中，六七十岁的退休丧偶老人在找老伴时，订立婚前协议也很常见。 另一种要求签订婚前协议的情况大多是，未来的丈夫或妻子已经或即将继承巨额遗产或家庭产业，而未来伴侣却家产不多或一贫如洗。 但是，即使双方签订了这样的协议，如果不遵循正确的指导方针，还是不可能在法院实施它。协议应当由律师起草，因为文字错误──哪怕只是介词放错了位置──也可能是灾难性的。但婚姻法顾问警告说，永远不要选择你未来伴侣的律师来做你的律师。 另一个问题是出于压力而签订的婚前协议。为避免这类问题，有些律师不愿在婚期已定之后起草协议。“我认为他们的头上悬着一把剑，那就是压力，”一位律师这样说道。这些律师会建议自己的当事人绝不要在双方签订协议之前发出结婚请柬。 但不是每个人都采纳这一建议。律师们援引的一个经典例子是：“婚礼那天，某人──通常是女方──面前突然出现了一份协议，于是，她看都没看一眼就签了字。”还有一位律师回想起一件尴尬事：男女双方还在修改协议，争论哪些该保留，哪些该删除，却有150名宾客陆陆续续来参加婚礼。结果由于协议无法确定，婚礼取消了。 如果夫妇决定离婚时正住在国外，或两人拥有不同的护照，那也可能因婚前协议产生纠纷。伦敦一家经常为分处英美两国的夫妇处理离婚事宜的律师事务所的一名律师指出，在英国，法院“基本上忽视”婚前协议，因为英国的法律认为婚姻状况不是静态的，因此应由法官来决定资产怎样分配。 这就可能导致“逛法庭”的现象，因为问题的关键在于夫妇办理离婚时所在国的法律。他举了一个例子：“有位富有的艾德·史密斯先生和史密斯夫人结了婚，而且在纽约签订了婚前契约。可他们住在英国，后来他们决定离婚。英国律师会对史密斯夫人说‘不行，那个契约无效。’而史密斯先生却想把它当作一桩美国案例来处理。案子将在何处受理，这
"Very hesitantly I selected a tube of blue paint, and with infinite precaution made a mark about as big as a bean on the snow-white field. At that moment I heard the sound of a motorcar in the drive and threw down my brush in a panic. I was even more alarmed when I saw who stepped from the car: the wife of Sir John Lavery, the celebrated painter who lived nearby.“我迟疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料，然后小心翼翼地在雪白的底子上的画上蚕 豆般大小的一笔。就在这时，我听到车道上传来一辆汽车的声音，于是一份耕耘，一份收获答案只是参考，请大家努力自学惊恐地丢下我的画笔。当我看清是谁从汽车里走出来时，更是惊慌失措。来者正是住在附近的着名画家约翰?莱佛利爵士的妻子。 "'Painting!' she declared. 'What fun. But what are you waiting for? Let me have the brush — the big one.' She plunged into the paints and before I knew it, she had swept several fierce strokes and slashes of blue on the absolutely terrified canvas. Anyone could see it could not hit back. I hesitated no more. I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury. I have never felt any fear of a canvas since."