content
Introduction: (2)
Section 1: External environment (3)
Section 2: Organizational culture (6)
Conclusion: (9)
Reference: (10)
Introduction:
JD Wetherspoonplc was founded by Tim Martin who opened the first JD Wetherspoon pub in 1979. JD Wetherspoon became a plc in 1992 at which time it consisted of a chain of 44 pubs. In 2000, for example, it opened over 90 new pubs and over 50％of the finance for the new developments came from cash generated by the business, In 2002, about 10 years after flotation, its share price rose to more than ten times its original value. This report is mainly focus on analyze JD Wetherspoon’s external environment by using means of PESTEL and SWOT and its organizational culture in terms o f ‘shared values’ and ‘taken for granted assumptions’, at the same time explain the type of culture that JD Wetherspoon has and identity the relationship between organizational culture and organizational behavior in JD Wetherspoon as well.
Section 1: External environment
(a) Give examples of social, technological, economic, political and legal factors which have affected the way it has behaved.
Social culture factors: Most people know about an essay by George Orwell which referred to an i maginary pub called” Moon Under Water”, so Tim Martin based his model for JD Wetherspoon. For the same reason, the ‘JD’ is from a character in a television programme ’Dukes of Hazzard’. And it has been renamed ‘The Montague Pyke’ after a well-know London entertainment mogul. With people’s life becoming better and better, increasing ones would prefer to enjoy hi-tec facilities or something with entertainment elements, according to this situation, JD Wetherspoon adopt TV screens and show some TV programs, including football games.
Technological factors: JD Wetherspoon acquired the Lloyds pub chain consisting of 10 pubs. Some new facilities and ideas from the Lloyds pub chain had been absorbed by JD Wetherspoon. Now, JD Wehterspoon has more entertainment elements, and it will help them to attract more customers or visitors.
Economic factors: Euro had impacted on the pound over the period of this time, and there is no doubt that it will also cause problems to JD Wetherspoon and the founder of JD Wetherspoon-Tim Martin in 2002 printed 500000 beer mats and put up 10000 ’save the pound’ posters to encourage customers to think about the issue while thy drink.
Political factors: During 2002-2004, there was increasing public and government concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior, particularly in city centers. Pubs cannot be seen to be encouraging this state of affairs as it brings them bad publicity. Changes JD Wetherspoon have made is in 2004, it remove price incentives to drink larger measures of spirits and reduced the amount of alcohol in its cocktail pitchers.
Legal factors:The traditional link between the brewing companies and pubs known as the “tied house” system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission which severely limited the number of pubs which a brewer could operate. This forced companies to choose between brewing and retailing, with the result that companies were selling off either their brewing operations or their chains of public houses and hotels. JD Wetherspoon entered the market as a retailer.
Environment factors: People increasingly go to pub for drink, dancing and some of them would like to smoke. According to this situation, JD Wetherspoon adopt a ventilation system (costing more than ￡100,000) which aims to ensure that customers do not leave smelling of smoke and provide the atmosphere and facilities.
(b) SWOT analysis
The SWOT analysis included strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
Strengths:the Wetherspoon JD with a good track record of profit sharing and sufficient capital,
the price is cheap. It provides cheap beer, this means that the more competitive Wetherspoon JD, attract more customers. JD Wetherspoon offered cheap beer, good conversation and solid architecture, an d the company motto of JD Wetherspoon is ‘cleanliness, beer, service and maintenance’ JD Wetherspoon was able to capitalize on changes in the public house market. In addition it had a clear idea what sort of pubs it wished to operate and was able to ensure that its approach was consistently maintained across all its outlets. Other public house operators were less able to decide on how to proceed in the changed market environment. JD Wetherspoon acquired the Lloyds pub chain consisting of 10 pubs, at the same time they have a new concept as well. Since then, they are music based outlets with a much stronger entertainment element. They have plasma screens and can show TV programs.They have two brands of pub and develop budget hotel accommodation, all these are JD Wetherspoon’s advantages.
Weakness:lack of music and center position of Wetherspoon j JD provided that no music quite atmosphere, people prefer to some entertainment pubs. Wetherspoon JD the downtown bar mode now may have been out of date. In towns and cities center more and more bar is one of the great competitions to Wetherspoon JD.Weakness: Most of JD Wetherspoon’s pub locates in the center of city. This could attract more people and be good for its expansion in the past. However, this nowadays leads to increasing public and government concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. Pubs cannot be seen to be encouraging this state of affair as it brings them bad publicity. Another one is its operation for running pub, some competitors operates tenanted pubs under which landlords are tenants who run the pub and pay rent to the company. The overall result has been an increase in the number of pub, the market now appears to be over-supplied. And its price is comparatively high. Supermarkets began selling drinks, particularly premium large, at loss-leader prices. This makes it difficult for pubs to compete on price and encourages drinking at home.
Opportunity:JD Wetherspoon opportunity into a new judge not. The beginning of Wetherspoon JD developed economy hotel accommodation for 'Wetherlodges' and famous. All The hotels are set column facilities. The bars and restaurants Wetherspoon JD other get. The relatively new opportunities of The competition, it is customer demand is changing. Therefore, the Wetherspoon JD take steps to meet demand. This would attract more of the existing and potential customers bar.Firstly, when the public house have changed, that means the traditional link between the brewing companies and pubs known as the ‘tied house’ system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission which severely limited the number of pubs which a brewer could operate.This had forced companies to choose between brewing and retailing with the result that companies were selling off either their brewing operations or their chains of public houses and hotels JD Wetherspoon had a clear idea what sort of pubs it wished to operate and wasable to ensure that its approach was consistently maintained across all its outlets. It will help to the development of JD Wetherspoon in the future. Secondly, with it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, and absorbed new concepts and advanced facilities as will. JD Wetherspoon have more entertainment elements and begun developing budget hotel accommodation. This is another big opportunity for JD Wetherspoon enlarges their scale and influence.
Threat: the supermarket began selling losses leaders price drinks. This makes it hard to in price
competition on the bar, and encourage water home. There is a growing public and government of alcohol and the resulting antisocial behavior, especially in the city center, attention. Go to the pub has been discouraged, so it is for their threats.The retail licensing market had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. The overall result has been an increase in the number of pubs. In town and city centers, in particular, the market now appears to be over-supplied. And there was increasing public and government concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior, particularly in city centers. Pubs cannot be seen to be encouraging this state of affairs as it brings them bad publicity. Supermarkets began selling drinks, particular premium large, at loss-leader prices. This makes it difficult for pubs to compete on price and encourages drinking at home.
(c) Prepare a set of guidelines that the management of JD Wetherspoon could use on how to conduct a SWOT analysis such as one you have just undertaken.
1). Changes may arise from any of these four areas. JD Wetherspoon needs to monitor their SWOT, especially at times of crisis, and be responsive to changes that have already occurred. 2). JD Wetherspoon also needs to plan for anticipated changes and be fully prepared to meet them. 3). Don’t go straight into a SWOT analysis without using other tools such as PESTEL and value chain analysis to structure their thinking. Without this structured thinking a SWOT analysis can result in over-generation and long lists of factors.
Section 2: Organizational culture
(a) Explain the organization culture in JD Wetherspoon in terms of “shared valued” and “taken for granted assumptions” in an organization. You should illustrate your explanation with ONE example of each element from the case study. For each example, you should say why it illustrates this aspect of organizational culture.
Organizational culture consists of Artefacts, Espoused values and Basic underlying assumptions. Espoused values include strategies, goals, slogans, mission statements, etc, expressed by the members of the organization. Basic underlying assumptions include unconscious taken for granted beliefs, thoughts, perception, etc-the source of values and action. For examples, the company motto of JD Whetherspoon is ‘cleanliness, beer, service and maintenance’. Because of existing of the motto, all the st aff and managers’ behavior will be regulated. So it belongs to shared values of JD Wetherspoon. Another is JD Wetherspoon has claimed that people are its best asset is also belongs to it. Policies such as lifelong training and lifestyle guarantee are reflected JD Wetherspoon place great important on their staff, it will form a shared value that people in this company are important. Another aspect of organization culture in JD Wetherspoon is when Euro is causing some adverse influence on pound,Tim Martin, the founder of JD Wetherspoon printed 500,000 beer mats and put up 10,000 ‘save the pound’ posters to encourage customers to think about the issue while they drink. Tim Martin’s behavior without any consideration, as he doesn’t know Union leade rs and others condemned his actions. This is belongs to unconscious taken for granted of JD Wetherspoon.
Routines: People in JD Wehtersponn from all kinds of different backgrounds will know about that everyone in this company will have a chance to be a manager only if you can keep patient and work hard all the time. Of course, all about this no one will tell them directly. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. So, JD Wetherspoon places great importance on their staff. There is a normal way of undertaking task is staff can discuss company issues with visiting Board members like Tim Martin.
Power and structures: Because JD Wetherspoon is a plc, the boards of the company have the power for decision making lies. Of course the members who hold the most shares can lead the final decision for the company, but the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’, so they need to discuss with their staff and listen to their opinions. Ideas and suggestions are discussed each week in company meetings and staffs are rewarded for their suggestion.
(b) Explain the type of culture that JD Wetherspoon has, using a recognized model of organizational culture. Give examples to justify why you have chosen this type of culture. I think JD Wetherspoon belongs to type of Work hard/Play hard culture. There are some characteristics with this type of culture which can figure out in JD Wetherspoon.
1). Rapid feedback/reward. JD Wetherspoon became a plc in 1992 at which time it consisted of a chain of 44 pubs. It now has over 600 pubs，which means that it has expanded on average at the rate of about one new pub each week. In 2002, about 10 years after flotation, its share price rose to more than ten times its original value. It can be seem from the examples that JD Wetherspoon’s reward is so rapid.
2). Place great importance on communicating with staff. The company’s operation is involvement and communication. Staff are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthy company video and by publicising the minutes of Board meetings. Ideas and suggestions are discussed each week in company meetings and staffs are rewarded for their suggestions. All of these can make staff strive for high-quality customer service.
3). Entertainment elements. With JD Wetherspoon acquired the Lloyds pub chain, they have plasma screens and can show TV programs. JD Wetherspoon pubs have been re-branded as Lloyds No1 Bars, including’ Moon Under Water’ in London’s Charing Cross Road, which has been renamed’ The Montague Pyke’ after a well-known London entertainment mogul. These recreation activities are features of work hard/play hard culture.
4). Tim Martin, the founder of JD Wetherspoon, his some behaviors and character also has affected the organizational culture directly to some extent. For example, He has an unconventional image with shoulder length ginger hair and he dresses casually in clothes that are not always co-ordinate, and he carried all his business documents intwo plastic supermarket carrier bags. He used to enjoy telling the story to his staff. In other word, he is an easy-going man and he might prefer to encourage communication between staff and managers. According to his behaviors, we also knew him a man with a lot of entertainment elements, and it would bring about some fresh and fashionable elements to his organization.
5). Low risks. JD Wetherspoon was able to capitalize on changes in the public house market. When the traditional link had been broken by a ruling from the’ Monopolies and Merg ers Commission’. The majority of other public house operators were less able to decide on how to proceed in the changed market environment, but JD Wetherspoon had a clear idea what sort of pubs it wished to operate and was able to ensure that its approach was consistently maintained across all its outlets. So, it can be seen that JD Wetherspoon with low risks compared with other public house.
(c) Using the type of culture you identified in part 2(b) above, what is the relationship between organizational culture and organizational behavior in JD Wetherspoon? Organizational behavior is interacting with organizational culture in JD Wetherspoon. It can be pointed that organizational behavior leads to organizational culture, while organizational culture affects organizational behavior as well. For example, from the outset JD Wetherspoon had a policy of expansion, so its scale developed very quickly and its share price rose at a staggering speed. It formed a kind of rapid feedback organizational culture. When ‘tied house’ system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission, this kind of formed culture motivate them to capitalize on changes in the public house market, so they could continues to expand. Another instance is that staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings because of the company’s operation-involvement and communication. After then, it shaped a organizational culture which place great importance on communication with staff. However, it will affect organizational behavior, that is almost every decision in the company is related to staffs, their opinions will affect the final decision to some
extent. And the founder of JD Wetherspoon, Tim Martin, is a man with entertainment elements, so he put his idea into his pub. When it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, they have plasma screens and can show TV programs. And it has also begun developing budget hotel accommodation. All of these initiatives help the organization to form an entertaining culture.
(d) To what extent would the management approach in JD Wetherspoon be different if the company had adopted a different culture? Again, make use of the same model that you used in part 2(b) above. First, we assume that JD Wetherspoon might adopt another type of culture-Tough guy/macho culture. We can see that both two types of culture have rapid feedback and rewards are high. According to the following statistics, we will get our answer. JD Wetherspoon became a plc in 1992 at which time it consisted of a chain of 44 pubs. It now has over 600 pubs, which means that it has expanded on average at the rate of about one new pub each week. In 2002, about 10 years after flotation, its share price rose to more than ten times its original value. It is also can be seen that both two types of culture apply to fast-moving financial activities. However, the difference is hugebetween these two types of culture, compared with Work hard culture, Tough guy culture is kind of high risk culture, as there is a focus on the present rather than on the longer-term future. For example, when ’tied house’ system had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies and Mergers Commission. This had forced companies to choose between brewing and retailing, with the result that companies were selling off either their brewing operations or their chains of public houses and hotels. Work hard culture company, like JD Wetherspoon entered the market as a retailer, but if JD Wetherspoon adopts Tough guy culture, they will not do this, because this way will hurt their company presently, so they might take a risk to ignore this situation and expand as they did. Another difference is source of stress between two types of culture. In Work hard culture, stress comes from quantity of work rather than uncertainty. However, in Tough guy culture, stress comes from high risk and potential loss/gain of reward. Because they apply high-speed recreation activities, staff and managers have a lot of works to do in Work hard culture, but they did not endure high risk or uncertainty, which those who work for Tough guy culture company, as they focus on the present rather on the longer-term future.
Conclusion:
According to the report, is mainly focus on external environment and organization culture in JD Wetherspoon plc. By analyzing two parts of JD Wetherspoon, we could know that it is facing fierce competitive circumstance and identity the appropriate strategy of the company before 21st century and product development are used during the 21st century. In the report, elements and problems that affect company are also can be identified. Then, elements and key issues should take consideration of for purpose to manage its business strategy are ensured and explained according the case provided. However, strategy should change with the environment. Factors for changing are various and organization culture is mainly described.
Reference:
‘Business Culture and Strategy’ ‘2009’ ‘Scottish Qualifications Authority’
H N D商务文化与策略 Company number【1089WT-1898YT-1W8CB-9UUT-92108】
Assessment task 1 Outcome covered All outcomes (1-5) Section 1: (a). The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal. 1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations. In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage. 2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term and long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates,
前言 随着全球化进程的不断发展，国与国之间在政治、经济、文化和科技领域的接触与合作日益增强，中国更以其经济的快速增长和巨大的市场潜力吸引了世人的关注。国际商务谈判在进出口贸易及国际合作中发挥着举足轻重的作用。除了应了解国际商务谈判的一些必要技巧和注意事项以外，文化差异也成为商业合作取得成功所必须考虑的因素。在商务谈判中，由于参与者来自不同国家，受政治制度、风俗习惯、宗教信仰和教育环境等的影响不同，其文化背景存在明显的差异。不同文化背景的人，对同一件事、同一句话、同一个动作都有着不同甚至相反的理解，从而导致信息不能准确地转达给对方，甚至信息被曲解，发生文化冲突和障碍。因此，研究商务谈判中的文化差异就显得十分重要。
第1章国际贸易中文化差异概述 1.1国际贸易中的文化差异 文化，一般指人类在创造物质财富的过程中所积累的精神财富的总和。由不同社会或国家的文化围绕不同的因素或在不同的物质基础上建立起来，因而，处于不同文化环境的人们在价值观、信仰、态度等方面有着较大的差别，这就是文化差异。因此，文化不是一种个体特征，而是具有相同社会经验、受过相同教育的许多人所共有的心理程序。不同的群体，不同的国家或地区的人们，这种共有的心理程序之所以会有差异，是因为他们向来受着不同的教育、有着不同的社会和工作，从而也就有不同的思维方式。 不同国家或地区的人对相同事物的理解会存在差异，在相同情况下作出的选择可能完全不同。文化差异不仅体现在不同文化背景的人们的个体差异上，而且也反映在不同国家和地区的社会组织形式，即社会结构方面的差异上。文化差异决定了价值观、语言、教育、信仰和风俗习惯等方面的差异，而价值观的差异折射出人们对时间价值的理解、对变革的太度、财富观念、风险意识等方面的差异。文化直接影响和制约着人文的欲望和行为，大部分人尊重他们的文化，并接受文化中共同的价值观，遵循他们文化的道德规范和风俗习惯。各种文化之间存在着巨大差异，且错综复杂，这也是世界多元化的根本原因。具有不同文化背景的人，有其独特扽谈判方式与谈判风格，文化背景不仅决定着谈判人员的价值观；而且还影响着谈判人员的言行举止。因此，要进行成功的是那个无谈判，必须研究商务谈判中的文化差异产生的原因。 1.2 文化差异产生的原因 1.2.1政治法律方面 政治法律泛指治理国家的政策、法令和强制实施的行为规范。不同的国家具有不同的政策与法律的形成和运行机制；对世界贸易组织的同一条款．各国制定的配套的政策法规会有所不同，各国的行政诉讼和法系不同，也会出现执行的差别、各国政体的差别和上述种种所形成的透明度及执行协议方面调查的困难，仍然存在着产生于综合文化的、政治法律方面的阻碍。长期以来，西欧国家根据他们对条款的理解，对我国的彩电出口多次实行了某些不正当的反倾销措施，严重影响了我国彩电的出口，而我国的企业以前因缺少国际反倾销应诉的经验和认识，对于相关法规的运行也不熟悉，很少应诉，没有利用世贸组织的相应条款保护自己的合法利益，多次失去了国际市场机会。 1.2.2道德观念方面 道德是通过教育和社会舆论等力量，使人们具有善与恶、荣誉与耻辱、正义与非正义等观念．并逐渐形成一定的习惯和传统，以指导和控制人们的行为。在不同的民族文化中．人们的道德观念及其对人的约束力都不同。在现实中一旦发生贸易争端，诉求于法律的经济保护是要付出比较高的成本和代价的．利用道德约束展开贸易活动对于外来者也很难渗透到其社会经贸体系中去。 1.2.3价值观念、风俗习惯、宗教信仰及生活方式方面的影响 价值观念是人们对一事物的总体看法和评价，是人们基本的信念和判断，这种评价或
a. Strategy is getting it right and doing it right. It is very important to organizations. Choosing strategy is direct effect organization’s development and future. And every strategy have advantages and disadvantages, so in the different complex situation, we can adopt different strategies to solve problems. Now I will choose four possible strategies which the organizations may adopt. The first is cost leadership strategy. Cost leadership is the low-cost leader in any market gains competitive advantage from being able to produce at the lowest cost. Company can use low cost strategy defeat the competitors among the marketing environment. The second is differentiation. A competitive strategy that allows a company to sell its products for a premium price. This emphasizes creating superior products, products with unique or more desirable features or design. The third is focus strategy. The generic strategy of focus rests on the choice of a narrow competitive scope within an industry. The focuser selects a segment or group of segments in the industry and tailors its strategy to serving them to the exclusion of others. The focus strategy has two variants. One is in cost focus a firm seeks a cost advantage in its target segment, the other is in differentiation focus a firm seeks differentiation in its target segment. The fourth is diversification. This is where we market completely new products to new customers. There are two types of diversification, namely related and unrelated diversification. Related diversification means that we remain in a market or industry with which we are familiar. b. During the 1980s and 1990s, JD Wetherspoon used broad differentiation strategy. Compare other pubs; JD Wetherspoon is special and different. They sell a wide range o f real ale beers at relatively low price; good quality wine is available; they don’t play music or TV programmers; especially the non-smoking and toilet design. Because its clean comfortable atmosphere and low price high quality products, it bring some benefits to JD Wetherspoon. They provide good services, such as cheap beer, good conversation and solid
Strategy and Culture in J D Wetherspoon Section 1: External environment (a). The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological,, environmental and legal. 1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations. In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage. 2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term and long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on. About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company. 3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon product design and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbility In the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine. 4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences production methods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on. In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon. 5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practices influence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on. In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’
Introduction The Company was founded in 1979 by Tim Martin who opened his first J D Wetherspoons pub and become well-known organization in UK which offers cheap beer, good conversation and solid architecture., 'Marler's Bar', at Colney Hatch Lane in London. Many of the other early J D Wetherspoons pubs were also in the same part of Haringey. Martin took the name of the chain J D Wetherspoons from an old schoolteacher. And J D Wetherspoons became a plc in 1992 at which time it consisted of a chain of 44 pubs. Discussion: Section 1: External environment Question 1: Give examples of social, technological, economic, political and legal factors which have affected the way it has behaved. ?social factors： The value of market: Research estimates that the UK beer Market is the main Beverages market which was worth ￡ 52.62bn at retail selling prices (rsp) in 2007. In comparison, the U.K's soft drink market is estimated at having a market worth of only 13 billion. (51lunwen., 2008) Pub culture: Social life in the UK for a high percentage of the population revolves around a public house; often a community will have a "local" pu b that will form a natural hub for the inhabitants of its immediate area. More often than not there will be organised events several times a month ranging from a pub quiz to a full blown excursion. Quite often the public house will have sports teams, usually playing traditional pub games such as pool and darts; these team will most times enter into some sort of league on a local level although some sports have nationwide pub leagues. (Buck, 2008) ?Political factors: Promotion policies set by government: These include specific regulation of “Tax Rate Reduction”, the promotion style of the pub as a vital part of Britain's leisure industry and
Business strategy: as a plan, strategy relates how an organization intends to achieve its goals. As a pattern, strategy is the rhyme and reason that emerges in the course of making the endless decisions that reconcile the reality organizations encounter with their aims. As position, strategy is the stance organizations take. As a ploy, strategy is a ruse-it relies on secrecy and deception:’ Lets not thy left hand know what thy right hand doeth’. As perspective, strategy is part vantage point and part view from that vantage point, particularly the way this view shapes and guides decisions and actions. Strategic choices are concerned with decisions about an organization’s future, how it can gain competitive advantage, the courses of action it should take and how it can respond to the many pressures and influences from its external and internal environments. Choices occur at different organizational levels. At a business level organizations need to decide how they can satisfy the needs of different customers and other stakeholders. In turn managers have to decide how to deliver strategies in terms of the products or markets they may retain or develop. For example : In J D wetherspoon ,there are a lot’s of problem let the company to change the business strategy . From the internal management to talk , the company’s internal structure has changed. Tim Martin gave up day-to-day control in 2004 to become non-executive chairman working two days a week. From the external environment to talk.: as the public attitude towards binge drinking has changed and competitors had been developing their businesses, and the company’s sales and profit growth have slowed down. So, the company can identify their strategic choice, and then to select the proper business strategy for their company. To sum up, The company needs to adjust in these changes by transforming their business strategy. Strategy can be determined through the strategic policy choice. 2. With reference to ‘forces for change’, explain why the strategy of JD Wetherspoon changed over time. From the external driving forces to talk: the society discourages binge drinking .the supermarket begin to selling the drinks. Many competitors are developing their businesses to compete with JD Wetherspoon. From the internal to talk : the company’s stocks fell and falling profits, The company expansion plan to fail. Tim Martin gave up day-to-day control in 2004 to become non-executive chairman working two days a week. Restraining forces: Employees in JD Wetherspoon would not like to witness these changes as they may be lost their job because of these changes. In addition to, succeed over the past years also has a negative influence on this reform. According to employees’angle, they want to stable work and regularly payment, however, these changes will bring some uncertain factors to their future career, may be they will be fired because they cannot follow the new demands of the company. From the manager viewpoint, they also doubt that these changes will bring them more profits than they did before. So all these factors are become the restraining forces to the company. According to the ‘forces for change’, the company’s driving forces apparently outweigh its restraining forces, and the balance are broken, so JD Wetherspoon need to change their strategy to adapt the current situation. 3. What advice would you give to the management of JD Wetherspoon to help them analyze a change situation and to overcome any resistance to change?
Assessment task 1 Outcome covered All outcomes (1-5) Section 1: (a). The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal. 1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations. In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage. 2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term and long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on. About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns an d Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company. 3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon product design and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbility In the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine. 4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences production methods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on. In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon. 5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practices influence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.
《商务谈判》 —理论、技巧、案例浅谈商务谈判中跨文化问题及其对策 班级：11物流班 姓名： 学号： 老师：沈中奇老师 日期：2014年12月22日
一、跨文化商务谈判背景 （1）商务谈判的应用 谈判是人类交往行为中一种非常广泛和普遍的社会现象。古今中外，大到国与国之间的政治、经济、军事、外交、科技、文化的相互往来，小到企业之间、个人之间的联系与合作，都离不开谈判。在诸多设计不同领域的谈判中，经济领域的谈判特别是商务谈判，在社会生活中扮演着越来越多重要的角色，已经成为现代社会不可缺少、无法取代的组成部分。 （2）产生跨文化问题的原因 跨文化问题的产生不仅仅局限在本国范围，而且世界范围内的跨文化问题越来越明显，越来越突出。本文着重在国际范围内的跨文化问题谈论，研究这方面问题更具有代表性和更具有研究的价值。 1、社会背景不同。人类社会的发展和文明的进步，使全人类社会更加紧密地联系在一起。时代为具有应用性、艺术性和科学性等特征的谈判提供了更为广阔的天地。随着我国加入世贸组织，国际贸易和对外交往将日益频繁，各种类型、各种层次的外贸、外经、外交谈判也越来越显示其在社会、政治、经济生活中的重要地位。其次，中国作为第三世界的中流砥柱，在世界格局中影响力越来越大。中国在与世界其他各国建立交流和合作也越来越紧密，中国离不开世界，世界也离不开中国，商务谈判是必不可少的过程和环节，这些原因加速了跨文化问题的出现和形成。 2、文化差异。不同国家、不同民族间文化的差别会给商务谈判带来矛盾和冲突，也会给商务谈判带来竞争优势。 文化冲突影响国际商务谈判的进程或结果。国际商务谈判从文化冲突层面看，就是谈判各方固守自己封闭的文化圈，引起谈判对立。不同种族、文化、国度的人争夺利益和权利，彼此间的威胁和防范心理大大加强。对发达国家和强势文化来说，文化和价值向外扩张；对发展中国家来说，争取自己文化的发展、生存空间。这就可能引发冲突。 文化互补，求同存异是商务谈判的另一种情况。通过优势互补、劣势互抵的原理调动双方可调动的各种因素，趋利避害，使双方都成为赢家。求同存异不仅要求谈判者有较高的素质，也要求谈判各方善于从大局出发，着眼于自身发展的整体和长远利益，善于运用灵活机动的谈判策略，通过妥协寻求协调利益冲突的解决办法，构建和增进共同利益。
Report on Business Culture and Strategy Candidate No.: Candidate Name : Tutor : Nov 2th, 2015 Central South University of Forestry and Technology
PEST analysis PEST analysis include social factor, technology factor, economic factor and legal factor, which is used to analyze the influence of the external environment to the organization. In this case, social factor, for example, J D Wetherspoon sell a wide range of real ale relatively low prices. Wide range can meet customers’ need well and low price will add the conversion cost of customers which promote sales. Other social factor is that J D Wetherspoon serve food which is available all day and sold at relatively cheap prices. Technology factor has limited influence to J D. Free WI-FI and TV screen provide convenience for customers. Currency condition and national income are major element of economic factor. In this case, in 2004 it remove price incentives to drink larger measures of spirits and reduced the amount of alcohol in its cocktail pitchers which has an adverse effect on sales of spirits and cocktails. If national income increase, citizen’ consumption will increase. Legal factors have limited effect to company as much as technology factors. In this case, tied house system had been broken by ruling from the MMC which severely limited the number of pubs which a brewer could operate. Other hand, government is concerning about binge drinking and the consequent anti- social behavior. It may reduce sales. Political factor is MMC and binge drinking. In case, tied house system had been broken by a ruling from the MMC which limited the number of pubs. Increasing public concern about binge drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. These impact the sale. SWOT analysis In SWOT analyse, S and W belong interior factors and external factor include W and T. Advantage of strength are reflected following circumstances. Training courses, area meetings and shift management meetings form part of the working week which will not