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Unit 16 英汉篇章翻译(一)

Unit 16 英汉篇章翻译(一)
Unit 16 英汉篇章翻译(一)

Unit 16 语篇翻译(一)

课时安排:2节

教学目的要求:了解如何使用各种技巧进行篇章的翻译。

教学重点:把握在语篇翻译中使用各种翻译技巧,了解语篇翻译的难点及其处理。

教学难点:长句的翻译。

教学内容:

The T akeout Business in Manhattan

I suppose there are studies that connect the ubiquitousness of takeout in Manhattan with the increase in two-job families or the supposed hatred of cooking by yuppies, some of whom are said to live in expensive apartments that have no kitchens. I have never actually run across an independently confirmed case of yuppies living in an expensive apartment with no kitchen, although a friend from that generation told me that he once sought to use the oven belonging to someone with whom he’d become romantically involved and found that she was using it to store fashion magazines.

Ubiquitousness:existing everywhere;

Yuppies: https://www.doczj.com/doc/ab13094373.html,/intl/zhcn/voanews/idioms/archives/wi129/

你要是查1983年以前出版的字典,你可能还找不到yuppy这个字。实际上,yuppy是一个缩略字,它是由young urban professional这三个字的第一个字母组成的,也就是yup。后面再加上p和y这两个字母来形成第二个音节。新出版的字典会告诉你,所谓yuppies就是那些很有抱负,受过高等教育,住在大城市有专业性的工作,生活很富裕的年轻人。很多baby boomers后来变成了yuppy。请听一位yuppy的自白吧。

例句-3: "I guess you can call me a yuppy. I'm 37 and I make enough money to afford the right things in life. See this gold Rolex watch? I eat in the best restaurants and drink a good wine instead of whiskey. Yes, of course, I drive a BMW."

这个人说:"我想你可以把我看做是一个富裕的年轻人。我今年三十七,我的收入使我有能力享受生活中美好的东西。这只Rolex金表,看见了吗?我到最好的饭馆吃饭,喝上等的酒,而不喝威士忌。是的,没错,我开的是德国宝马牌汽车。"虽然baby boomer的人数有将近八千万,但是他们究竟不能代表美国全部的人口。更何况baby boomer不见得个个都富有。因此像上面这位yuppy说的生活方式在美国并非普遍现象。但是,对于这种一切在于享受的生活方式,有的知识分子也看不惯。请听听他们的看法:

例句-4: "The trouble with most yuppies is that they don't have independent minds of their own. They follow the latest fashions in food, wine, clothes, cars and amusement like a herd of sheep."

这人说:"这些富裕年轻人的问题就是他们没有独立自主的想法。他们在吃,喝,穿着,汽车和娱乐方面老是赶时髦。他们就好像一群羊一样。

我猜想有人做过研究,认为曼哈顿无处不在的参观外卖是同双薪家庭的增加或者雅皮士据说不喜欢做饭的习惯有关。(据说)这些雅皮士有的居住在昂贵而不带厨房的公寓里。我本人从来没有见过生活在不带厨房的公寓里的雅皮士,但我的一位与雅皮士同时代的朋友告诉我,有一次他想用一下他女友的烤箱,居然发现她把烤箱用来存放时尚杂志了。

[此段英语中一共只有两句,但翻译成汉语时,却翻译成了至少三句。对于长句的翻译,主要是要学会断句,特别是非限定性定语从句,最好分开翻译,采用重复先行词的办法。] [长句的翻译]

可以采用顺译、倒置、分译和重组的办法(南开大学编,136-8)

1)The statement declared that the international order must be changed or the gap between developed and developing countries would continue to widen.

声明宣称,国际经济秩序必须改变,否则发达国家与发展中国家之间的差距继续扩大。

2)The foreign visitors watched in a fascinated manner the tournament held in Beijing, which exhibited a superb performance in smash service, twist service, steady service high drop and killing and ended in a draw.

外宾们观看了在北京举行的锦标赛。这场比赛在发扣球、转球、保险球、吊球和扣杀方面技术都十分精湛,最后打成平局。他们看得简直入迷了。

外宾们观看了在北京举行的引人入胜的锦标赛,比赛中发扣球、转球、保险球、吊球和扣杀都十分精湛,叹为观止,最终打成平局。

It is also possible that the Manhattan restaurant industry simply came to realize that a city so compact that even prosperous families often do not own an automobile is an ideal place for developing a delivery business; literally thousands of customers live within a quick walk or a basketless bicycle ride from any restaurant. However it came about, it came gradually. (When Abigail was born, in the late sixties, and her parents were thus sentenced for a while to a wearing but oddly pleasurable form of house arrest, the closest we got to takeout was for me to go to an accommodating Italian restaurant across the street and have them pack food in plastic containers that looked as if they were designed for some other purposes.)

Literally: in a literal manner, exactly

Accommodating:helpful

外卖盛行也可能仅仅是曼哈顿餐饮业认识到了像纽约这样人口如此稠密的的大城市,那里连富有的家庭都不想买汽车,正是发展外卖业务的理想场所,(准确的说) 因为成千上万的就住在离餐馆步行或骑跑车几不之遥的地方。然而不管外卖是因为什么原因发展起来的,它是一步一个脚印地慢慢发展起来的。(阿波齐尔60年代末降生,她的父母也因此而陷入一种令人厌烦、却又奇怪地让人感到愉快的短期软禁状态之中,当时,我得亲自到马路对面那家乐于助人的意大利餐厅,麻烦店里把饭菜装在一种看起来不是用来装饭菜塑料袋里。)Sooner or later, though, the distribution of takeout menus became so relentless that a lot of New Y orkers began to see it as a form of commercially viable littering. I would guess, from my own experience, that most residential buildings in Manhattan receive menus from at least one restaurant every day. For a while, in fact, it was common in my neighborhood, Greenwich V illage, to see signs on doors saying “No Menus”---Sometimes in both English and Chinese. I never thought posting such a sign myself. Y es, I occasionally get irritated when the steps in front of my

house are littered with paper menus from two or three Chinese restaurants of the sort that seem to acquire their food from one gigantic kitchen, presided over in a dictatorial but not terribly inventive way by General Tso. But my attitude toward takeout menus is reflected in that brilliant slogan the New Y ork State Lottery uses in its advertising: “Hey, you never know.” It was a takeout menu, slipped through the mail slot of my door, that alerted me to a splendid little sushi restaurant on West Fourth Street called Aki, whose chef’s experience working for the Japanese Ambassador to Jamaica had inspired him to put on the menu a roll that includes both jerk chicken and hearts of palm(腌鸡肉和棕榈仁).

Viable: sound and workable, feasible

不久,派送外卖彩旦变得如痴如狂,许多纽约人开始把外卖菜单视为有助商业成功却造成环境污染的垃圾。(尽管大家有怨言),根据我的经验,曼哈顿居民住宅每天还是会收到至少一家餐厅送来的外卖菜单。事实上,有一段时间,我居住的格林尼治村里,经常可以看到居民门上贴着“不要菜单”的条子,有时还是用英文、中文两中文字书写的。我从来没有想过贴这样的条子。不错,有时看到房子台阶上散落着两三家中国餐馆散发的菜单也会感到恼火,这种参观好西哪个是一家大厨房上的货,管理方式像左(宗堂)将军一样霸道却毫无创意。我对于外卖菜单的态度,充分体现在纽约州彩票宣传广告词里“嘿,结果往往出人意料。” 这种外卖菜单,是从门口的邮箱口塞进来的。它告诉我在西四条街上有一个叫阿奇的小餐馆,富丽堂皇,专卖生鱼片冷饭团(寿司),餐馆的大厨曾经给日本驻牙买加大使做过饭,因此在菜单上话了一只饭团,里面包着腌鸡肉和棕榈仁。

Delivery by a restaurant of Aki’s quality reflects a second stage of development in the New Y ork takeout scene. When delivery of Chinese food consisted strictly of Takeout Chinese, for instance, I did not think of it as an acceptable alternative even to scratching around in the refrigerator for some leftovers. When we had some reason to eat our Chinese food at home rather than at a restaurant, I drove to Chinatown with my daughters and two or three of the dinner guests, everyone having been assigned to pick up a certain dish at a certain restaurant according to a split-second schedule---a food-gathering exercise we referred to as an Entebbe Raid.

阿奇餐馆外卖食品的质量反映出纽约外卖业务发展的第二阶段。那时,送上门的中国快餐只有专供外卖的那种中国食品,我宁可在冰箱里找点儿剩饭剩菜,也没想到吃中国外卖食品。有时我们心血来潮,想在家里品尝中国菜,而有不愿意去餐馆,我会带着几个女儿和几个来访的客人一起开车到中国城,根据事先制定的计划每个人到指定的菜馆挑一道菜回来。这中觅食的方式我们管它叫恩得培突袭。(以色列的突击队1976年7月营救法国客机105位人质的行动。)

From: 卢敏《英语笔译实务》,北京:外文出版社,2005。94-95页

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Translation Characteristics and Strategies of Letters of Credit in international Business ABSTRACT Payment in international trade is crucial for both the seller and the buyer. With the development of international trade, Letters of Credit payment gradually came into being as banks and financial institutions were involved in international trade settlement. With the help of this method of payment, the payment responsibility of the importer is transferred to bank to ensure the safety, as a result, the rapid payment is received by the seller, and meanwhile, the regular shipping documents are given to the buyer conveniently. Therefore, with the benefit of Letters of Credit, the distrust contradiction between the seller and the buyer is solved to a certain extent. Nowadays, payment by Letters of Credit has become the widely adopted method. Letters of Credit English for specific purposes has its own unique vocabulary features. This paper summarizes characteristics of its translation from the credit classification, use of the process, and starting letter words in English, and explores the English translation strategy. It is divided into three chapters: The first chapter probes into the definition of the Letter of Credit, its classification and its use process in international trade; the second describes the characteristics and common errors of the credit translation; The last one is the focus of this article, discussing Letters of Credit translation strategy based on these two chapters, from the perspective of the translation Communicative Theory, Skopos Theory, Functional Equivalence etc. Keywords: Letters of Credit Translation; characteristics; strategies; Functional Theory

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翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法

经典英文段落翻译__英译汉15篇

1.意大利著名旅行家马可。波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州:“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市,它使人觉得自己社在天堂。”在中国,也流传着这样的话:“上有天堂,下有苏杭。”杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的西湖。西湖一年四季都美不胜收,宋代著名诗人苏东坡用“淡妆浓抹总相宜”的诗句来赞誉西湖。在杭州,您可以饱览西湖的秀色,也不妨漫步街头闹市,品尝一下杭州的名菜名点,还可购上几样名特土产。 The famous Italian traveler Marco Pole was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the mist fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular saying praising the city: In Heaven there is Paradise; on Earth there are Suzhou and Hangz hou.” Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake. As it is beautiful all the year round, the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty “who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup.” In Hangzhou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find it a joy to stroll along the busy streets, taste famous Hangzhou dishes and buy some special local products. 2.在设备制造期间,雇主的代表有权对根据合同提供的全部工程设备的材料和工艺进行检查、研究和检验,同时检查其制造进度。这一切应在工作时间内于承包商的工厂里进行。如果工程设备正在其它第三方工厂制造,承包商应为卖方代表获得他能在该工厂进行此类检查、研究和检验的许可。此类检查、研究或检验不应解除承包商在合同中的任何义务。 The Employer’s representative shall be entitled during manufacture to inspect, examine and test the materials and workmanship and check the progress of manufacture of all Plants to be supplied under the Contract. This shall take place on the Contractor’s promises during working hours. If the plant is being manufactured on other premises, the Contractor shall obtain permission for the Employer’s representative to carry out such inspection, examination and testing on those premises. 3. 雇主或项目经理提交给承包商的雇主的图纸,技术规格以及其它资料仍应为雇主的财产。除非是为了合同的需要,未经雇主同意,承包商不得使用、复制这些材料或将之传递给第三方。 承包商应对承包商的图纸中的任何错误或遗漏负责,除非他们可归因与雇主或项目经理提供的不正确的雇主图纸或其它书面资料。项目经理对承包商的图纸的批准不应解除本款规定的承包商的任何责任。 The Employe r’s drawings, specification and other information submitted by the Employer or the Project Manager to the Contractor shall remain the property of the Employer. They shall not, without the consent of the Employer, be used, copied or communicated to a third party by the Contractor unless necessary for the purposes of the Contract. The Contractor shall be responsible for any errors or omissions in the Contractor’s Drawings unless they are due to incorrect Employer’s Drawings or other written information supplied by the Employer or the Project Manager. Approval by the Project Manager of the Contractor’s

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语境也得以完整地保留了。 以上例子就体现了英汉互译中一个很重要的规律,即词性转换。世界上的语言,不管其各有多少词类,名词和动词都占最大的比例;不管有多少句型,都能归纳为静态与动态两类。总的来说,汉语呈动态特征,英文呈静态特征。在词汇的使用上,汉语的动态表现为:汉语的动词丰富,使用频率高;而英语中,名词、介词等非动词性此类的使用频率很高。据周志培(2003:390)统计显示截选如下:(1)“邓小平在武昌、深圳、珠海、上海等地的谈话要点”及英译 语言总 数名 词 介 词 动 词 助 动 非限 定动 词 代 词 形容 词 副 词 数 词 连 词 量 词 冠 词 汉语词数636 167 11 186 27 41 70 70 39 17 8 % 26% 2% 29% 4% 7% 11% 11% 6% 3% 1% 英语词数907 238 99 105 19 30 98 104 43 28 5 84 % 26% 11% 12% 2% 3% 11% 11% 5% 3% 7% 9% (2)“英国首相撒切尔夫人在中国欢迎宴会上的讲话”及汉译文 语言总 数名词介词动词助动非限定 动词 代词形容 词 副词数 词 连词量词冠 词 汉语词数324 99 9 72 5 36 22 42 15 13 2 % 31% 3% 22% 2% 11% 7% 13% 4% 4% 0.6% 英语词数366 91 49 41 1 9 39 50 22 13 23 28 % 25% 14% 11% 0.2% 2% 10% 14% 6% 4% 6% 8% 上述结果表明,若要在英汉互译中,若要翻译出地道的T arget Text,就应当尽量符合Target Language的表达习惯。这必然包含必 要的词性转换。在进行英译汉时,根据需要将英文中的名词,介词等

英译汉篇章翻译2

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经典广告词中英文翻译

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英汉互译论文2

英语2班方佩112214101232 公示语汉英翻译中的Chinglish现象及对策 [摘要]中西方语言差异和习俗文化、思维方式差异造成了公示语言翻译中Chinglish的现象, 克服或减少这种现象, 必须提高译者的综合素质,尤其是语言素质, 了解西方的文化背景、思维方式和语言习惯, 使译文更准确、更地道。 [关键词]公示语;翻译;Chinglish;对策 公示语指的是街头路牌、商店招牌、宣传语、警示语、旅游简介等,广泛应用于我们生活的方方面面。随着中国经济的高速发展,中国与世界各国的交流不断增多,全国各地公共场所的汉英双语标识及提示语也越来越多,但Chinglish现象也层出不穷,比比皆是。不规范、不正确的翻译不但影响到国外友人在中国的吃、穿、住、用、行等,甚至还关系到城市的精神面貌和整体形象,进而影响到我国的国际形象。近年来在众多语言学、翻译学专家的呼吁声中,公示语翻译研究逐渐成为翻译界关注的热点。 一、公示语翻译中Chinglish产生的原因及表现 1.重复和累赘 汉语和英语对名词、动词、形容词和副词的用法不同, 所以, 对重复强调的用法也不一样。汉语中经常出现重复使用名词的现象,而英语则较多地用代词、短语或省略来表达。 2.片面强调忠实 现行的翻译标准包括忠实与通顺,有些译者片面理解忠实的含义, 以为忠实就是形式上的相似, 因此,在词语与句法结构的选择上没有摆脱中国味。例如:在我们的周围, 随处可以看到小心碰头、小心地滑等公示语, 有人按照字面意思翻译为Take care of your head, Take care of your foot。这种翻译必然会使外国人来中国有一些紧张感。其实, 此公示语可以翻译为Be careful,则更符合译语读者的表达习惯。 3.语言习惯的差异 在汉译英过程中,译者往往忽略汉英两种语言中词语的固定搭配和习惯表述,从而导致中式英语的产生。例如:小心地滑,翻译成Don’t Fall Down。本来想体现人际间的关心,但翻译后却带有命令的语气, 没有达到交际目的。正确的用法是Watch Your Step或Slippery!。 4.没有吃透原文 经验不够丰富的译者比较容易犯的一个毛病就是在没有透彻理解原文的情况下过于机械地、字对字地翻译, 这样死译的后果只会是误译。试看以下5个误译的例子:1.小心碰

经典英语翻译

课本翻译的答案(整理): Unit1 英译汉A 1.The college schedule is very different than the traditional high school schedule. Generally, there is a lot more flexibility with your college classes. 大学的日程安排跟传统高中差别很大,通常大学课程有更多的灵活性。 2.The other cool thing about the college schedule is that you usually have more opportunities to explore your interests and passions. 大学日程安排还有一件事很酷,你通常有更多的机会发展自己的兴趣爱好。 3.There will always be some courses that are only offered on certain days at certain times, but for the most part, there are a lot of options to think about! 总有些课程是只在固定日子的固定时段开的,但是对于大多数课程,你有很多选择! 4.However, college is like high school in that you will have the opportunity to get involved by joining different clubs, organizations, and maybe even by getting a part-time job. 然而,在大学像在高中一样你有机会参加各种活动,加入不同的俱乐部和组织,甚至可能找到一份兼职。 5.Of course, the best way to see what a true day in the life of a college student is like is to actually get the schedules of some college students! 当然,要看一个大学生一天的真实生活是什么样的,最好的方式其实是拿到一些大学生的日程表。 B 1.caught a glimpse of him sitting in the car 2.in search of new opportunities 3.without my being aware of it 4.are involved in different extracurricular activities 5.but ignore others' feeling 汉译英 如今,中国共有大约2500万名大学生,是十年前的五倍,并且这个数字有望持续增长。中国设立的学位制度包括学士、硕士和博士三个学位等级(Bachelors, Masters and Doctoral degrees)。中国的大学通常依据学生的高考(the National Higher Education Entrance Examination)成绩招生。公立大学对学生择优录取,被看做国家经济的主力。踌躇满志的学子们急切地等待考试结果,因为成绩能决定他们是否能进入著名的公立大学。 Today, there are about 25 million university students in China—five times the number a decade ago—and that number is expected to keep growing. China has set up a degree system, including Bachelors, Masters and Doctoral degrees. Universities in China generally select their students based on students’performances in the National Higher Education Entrance Examination. Publicly run schools get their pick of the best students and are viewed as engines of the economy. Ambitious students eagerly await their exam results, which determine whether they can get into a prestigious public school.

英语专业翻译类论文参考文献

参考文献 一、翻译理论与实践相关书目 谢天振主编. 《当代国外翻译理论导读》. 天津:南开大学出版社,2008. Jeremy Munday. 《翻译学导论——理论与实践》Introducing Translation Studies---Theories and Applications. 李德凤等译. 北京:商务印书馆,2007. 包惠南、包昂. 《中国文化与汉英翻译》. 北京:外文出版社, 2004. 包惠南. 《文化语境与语言翻译》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司. 2001. 毕继万. 《世界文化史故事大系——英国卷》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2003. 蔡基刚. 《英汉汉英段落翻译与实践》. 上海:复旦大学出版社, 2001. 蔡基刚. 《英汉写作对比研究》. 上海:复旦大学出版社, 2001. 蔡基刚. 《英语写作与抽象名词表达》. 上海:复旦大学出版社, 2003. 曹雪芹、高鄂. 《红楼梦》. 陈定安. 《英汉比较与翻译》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 1991. 陈福康. 《中国译学理论史稿》(修订本). 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 2000. 陈生保. 《英汉翻译津指》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司. 1998. 陈廷祐. 《英文汉译技巧》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 2001. 陈望道. 《修辞学发凡》. 上海:上海教育出版社, 1979. 陈文伯. 《英汉翻译技法与练习》. 北京:世界知识出版社. 1998. 陈中绳、吴娟. 《英汉新词新义佳译》. 上海:上海翻译出版公司. 1990. 陈忠诚. 《词语翻译丛谈》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司, 1983. 程希岚. 《修辞学新编》. 吉林:吉林人民出版社, 1984. 程镇球. 《翻译论文集》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 2002. 程镇球. 《翻译问题探索》. 北京:商务印书馆, 1980. 崔刚. 《广告英语》. 北京:北京理工大学出版社, 1993. 单其昌. 《汉英翻译技巧》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 1990. 单其昌. 《汉英翻译讲评》. 北京:对外贸易教育出版社. 1989. 邓炎昌、刘润清. 《语言与文化——英汉语言文化对比》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1989. 丁树德. 《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》. 天津:天津大学出版社, 1996. 杜承南等,《中国当代翻译百论》. 重庆:重庆大学出版社, 1994. 《翻译通讯》编辑部. 《翻译研究论文集(1894-1948)》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 1984. 《翻译通讯》编辑部. 《翻译研究论文集(1949-1983)》. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社. 1984. . 范勇主编. 《新编汉英翻译教程》. 天津:南开大学出版社. 2006. 方梦之、马秉义(编选). 《汉译英实践与技巧》. 北京:旅游教育出版社. 1996. 方梦之. 《英语汉译实践与技巧》. 天津:天津科技翻译出版公司. 1994. 方梦之主编. 《译学辞典》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 2004. 冯翠华. 《英语修辞大全》,北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1995. 冯庆华. 《文体与翻译》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2002. 冯庆华主编. 《文体翻译论》. 上海:上海外语教育出版社. 2002. 冯胜利. 《汉语的韵律、词法与句法》. 北京:北京大学出版社, 1997. 冯志杰. 《汉英科技翻译指要》. 北京:中国对外翻译出版公司. 1998. 耿占春. 《隐喻》. 北京:东方出版社, 1993.

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