Unit 3 Inventors and inventions
Ⅰ.多项选择
1．—Mum，it is nice weather.I want to skate this afternoon.
—Don’t you think the ice on the lake is too thin to__________your weight?
A．carry B．bear
C．catch D．take
解析：选B。这里的bear不表示“忍受”，而是“承受”的意思。
2．—How did you like the lecture tonight?
—Very__________.I doubt if I will come to this kind of lecture next time.
A．encouraging B．encouraged
C．disappointing D．disappointed
解析：选C。此处指对事物lecture的看法，故使用v.－ing形式。结合后面的“I doubt...”可知此题答案为C项。
3．(2011年吉林模拟)—Listen，there is some strange noise.This machine must be________.
—I think so.You must have it checked.
A．out of order B．out of date
C．out of sight D．out of control
解析：选A。out of order出故障了，可根据“你必须让人检查一下”判断。out of control失去控制，不符合句意。
4．I haven’t seen Anna since she left our hometown two years ago，but we do keep in touch with each other by sending e－mails __________.
A．here and there B．sooner or later
C．at one time D．now and then
解析：选D。now and then意为“有时，偶尔”。句意：两年前安娜离开家乡以来我就没见过她，但我们的确有时发电子邮件保持联系。here and there到处；sooner or later 迟早；at one time一度，过去有一段时间。
5．—When would it be __________ for you to go to the science museum with me?
—I am free this Friday afternoon.Let’s meet at 2 p．m.at the school gate.
A．familiar B．pleasant
C．necessary D．convenient
解析：选D。本题考查形容词convenient的用法。convenient“方便的，合宜的”，故选D。
6．Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, this creating a __________ environment.
A．peaceful B．sensitive
C．common D．stable
解析：选D。句子表示“创造了一个稳定的环境”，所以应用stable。peaceful和平的；sensitive敏感的；common普通的。
7．To be honest, the role John plays in this film doesn’t come up to my __________， though he is one of my favorite actors.
A．excuses B．explanations
C．experiences D．expectations
解析：选D。expectation意为“期待，期望，预料”，短语not come up to(one’s)expectations意为“未达到期望(的水平)”。句意：老实说，虽然约翰是我最喜欢的演员之一，但他在这部电影中扮演的角色没有达到我的期望。
8．As far as the American children are concerned, the Christmas is __________ with excitement, happiness and gifts.
A．associated B．get
C．deal D．satisfied
解析：选A。句意：对于美国的孩子来说，圣诞节与兴奋、幸福和礼物连在一起。associate“联想；联系”，be associated with“与……有联系”，符合题意。be satisfied with“对……感到满意”；其余两项搭配不当。
9．When we plan our vacation, mother often offers __________ suggestions.
A．careful B．practical
C．effective D．doubtful
解析：选B。母亲是长辈，她所拥有的是实用的信息。建议要经过检验之后才知道是否有效，排除C项。
10．Nowadays senior high school students are burdened with too many __________ which is making them less and less confident.
A．motivations B．expectations
C．amusements D．opportunities
解析：选B。考查名词词义辨析。expectation“期望”。句意：现在高中生背负着太多的期望，使得他们越来越没有自信。motivation“动机”；musement“娱乐”；opportunity“机会”。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The performance of the host，________________(旨在)to please the audience and draw their attention，was greeted with a cold silence，however.(intend) 解析：考查定语用法。“旨在做”可表达为be intended to do，据此可选用定语从句或过去分词作定语。
答案：(which was)intended
2．I’m afraid I won’t be able to attend the meeting at 3∶00 p．m. next Monday.
I ________________(已经坐飞机到) New York long before then.(fly)
解析：考查动词时态。由next Monday以及before then可知fly的动作应是将来完成时。
答案：will have flown to
3．Come to my office tomorrow if ________________(你方便的话)．(convenient) 解析：考查状语从句。it is convenient to sb.是一个习惯用法，意为“对某人来说是方便的”。
答案：it is convenient to you
4．You’d better call him up ________________(万一他记不清)the exact time.(remember)
解析：考查状语从句。由语境可知要使用连词in case，从句动作应为一般现在时。
答案：in case he doesn’t remember
5．The food must be eaten up within three days ________________(一旦打开)．(open) 解析：考查状语从句。由语境可知要使用连词once，open的动作与主语是被动关系，因此用被动语态。由于主、从句主语一致，本题也可以使用省略形式，即once opened。
答案：once (it is)opened
6．A major problem arose at the meeting ________________(要花多少钱) to complete the whole project.(cost)
解析：考查同位语从句。本题是一个分割性的同位语从句，引导词要用that，从句动词cost的动作尚未发生，因此用将来时态。
答案：how much it would cost
7．He wished to forget everything ________________(与原来生活有联系的)and start a new life.(associate)
解析：考查定语用法。“与……有联系的”可表达为be associated with，据此可选用定语从句或过去分词作定语。
答案：(that is)associated with his former life
8．In no case ________________(允许他)to get up until he was completely recovered from his illness.(allow)
解析：考查倒装结构。含否定意义的短语in no case置于句首，句子部分倒装。
答案：should he be allowed
9．She is busy with applying for a patent recently，and has ________________(没时间整理房间)which is in a mess now.(tidy)
解析：考查动词短语。have no time to do sth.意为“没有时间做某事”。
答案：no time to tidy her house
10．Color blind people often find ________________(难以区分)between blue and green.(distinguish)
解析：find it(is)difficult to do意为“发现做某事很难”。
答案：it (is)difficult to distinguish
Ⅲ.阅读理解
Words：482 难度系数：☆☆建议用时：7′
(2011年南通模拟)Being the boss might mean more money and challenging work but it can also cause damage to physical and mental well－being, according to a Canadian study.
For years studies have shown people in lower－status jobs generally have higher rates of heart disease and other illnesses and die earlier than those in higher －status positions while job authority has shown no relationship with workers’ health.
But University of Toronto researchers, using data from 1,800 US workers, found
the health of people in higher positions is affected by work as they are more likely to report conflicts with co－workers and say work disturbs their home life.
However the positive aspects of having a power position at work, such as higher status，more pay and greater independence, seemed to cancel out the negative aspects when it came to people’s physical and psychological health.
These latest findings, reported in the journal Social Science & Medicine, suggest that the advantages and disadvantages authority positions basically cancel each other out, giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects.
For the study, the researchers surveyed participants about various aspects of their work, life and well－being.Job authority was judged based on whether a person managed other employees and had power over hiring, firing and pay.
Physical health complaints included problems like headaches, bodyaches, heartburn and tiredness.Psychological complaints included sleep problems, difficulty concentrating and feelings of sadness, worry and anxiety.
“This isn’t to suggest that having authority is ‘bad’—in fact, we show it has benefits...but it is important to identify the negative sides and deal with them.” researcher Scott Schieman said.
Schieman said conflicts with co－workers or involvement of work into home life may destroy physical and mental well－being by creating stress.
“These are key stressors that can tax individuals’ ability to fu nction effectively，” Schieman said.
【解题导语】公司老板和身处较高职位的人要正确处理高薪工作给自己带来的好处和弊端，如果不能正确处理，则会有损于自己的身体健康。
1．Work will have a negative effect on job authority’s health probably because __________.
A．they are not fit for their work
B．they have power over hiring and pay
C．they are faced with severe competition
D．they don’t get on well with their co－workers
解析：选D。细节理解题。由第三段“as they are more likely to report...life.”可知D项正确。
2．Most people don’t see that bosses have health effects because __________.
A．their health problems are not serious enough to see
B．they have enough money to keep themselves healthy
C．their problems are quite different from those of workers
D．the advantages and disadvantages of their status work against each other 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据第五段“the advantages an d disadvantages authority positions basically cancel each other out，giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects.”可知答案应选D。cancel out取消，抵消。
3．From the passage we can infer that the study aims to __________.
A．warn people not to be a boss for ever
B．remind the boss to deal with bad effects of their work
C．show that having authority is harmful to one’s health
D．prove that being a boss can benefit a lot
解析：选B。作者意图题。根据全文内容可知，文章的写作目的就是提醒做老板和身居高职的人要正确处理工作给他们带来的消极影响。故选B。
4．The best title for this passage might be __________.
A．Lower－status can affect health
B．Authority can affect health
C．Positive aspects of a power position
D．Disadvantages of being a boss
解析：选B。主旨大意题。根据全文内容不难看出B项最符合，即位高权重影响健康。
Ⅳ.书面表达
下面是上个星期五早上Peter在上学路上遇到的一件事，请根据漫画内容，写一篇100词左右的短文。
Did Peter Do a Good Deed?
彼特做了一件好事吗？
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version：
On the morning of last Friday，Peter went to school as usual.He was walking along the road when he saw a well uncovered.He thought it was dangerous for passers －by，so he decided to cover the well.The cover was so heavy that he took great trouble to remove it.At last he managed to cover the well.Hardly had he turned his back and gone when he heard a c ry for“Help”coming from the well.So he turned back and moved the cover away.To his surprise，a worker was inside the well.Peter tried his best to pull the worker out of the well.After that Peter covered the well again properly.
Unit 3Inventors and inventions KEY WORDS AND PHRASES 1．call up给……打电话；使想起；回忆 When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. (教材P20) 当我打电话给乡下的母亲时，她显得焦躁不安。 call back召唤某人回来；再访；回电话call for需要；要求；接(人或物) call in邀请；请来call on拜访(人)；号召 call in on简短拜访call at拜访(某地) call off取消 The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily.政府号召青年义务献血。 He is ill；you should call in the doctor right away.他病了，你应该立即请大夫来。2．now and then偶尔；有时(＝sometimes，but not often) Snakes come near the house now and then，and they seem to have made their home here，not far from the walnut tree.(教材P20)蛇时不时地爬到屋边来，可见这几条蛇似乎是在胡桃树附近安家了。 We haven't seen each other for years，but we chat online now and then.我们已有多年未见过面了；但是我们有时会上网聊一聊。 表示“有时、偶尔”的词语有： (every) now and again from time to time at times once in a while occasionally a little now and a little then 【提示】from time to time强调经常性；now and then等强调间歇性。3．Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.(教材P20) 这回我有机会来表现一下自己，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓住又不会伤害到它们。 (1)distinguish vt.& vi.显出……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 People who can not distinguish between colours are said to be colour-blind.不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲 ①distinguish oneself (as) (作为……)表现突出；使自己与众不同；使自己成名distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和…… distinguish...from...使……有别于……；使……具有区别于……的特征 distinguish...by...以……为特征 ②distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的③distinguishable adj.可区别的 ④distinction n．区别 (2)merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的 They asked him to be merciful to the prisoners. 他们要求他对犯人要以慈悲为怀。 ①mercy n．仁慈，宽容 show/have mercy to sb.对某人仁慈show no mercy to sb.对某人无情 at the mercy of任由……摆布，在……掌握中It's a mercy...[口语]……真是幸运！ ②mercifully幸运地；宽大地 They were lost at sea at the mercy of wind and weather.他们在海上迷失，任由大风和天气摆布。
1. The old farmer,________ the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of the burning house, __ ______for help. A. supporting; calling B. supported by; called C. being supported by; called D. being supporting; called 2. -Oh, it’s already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening? -We’ll go on with the matter________ this afternoon. A. be discussed B. being discussing C. discussed D. which discussed 3. The brave man died,_______ his young wife nothing but a________ cottage. A.left; breaking B.leaving; broken C.left; broken D.to leave; breaking 4. ________hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam. A. Having been worked B. Not to have worked C. Having never worked D. Never have worked 5.________the exam, the boy was punished by his father. A. No passing B. Having passed C. Not passing D. Not having passed 6. Time________, I can have done it better. A. permit B. be permitted C. permitting D. to permit 7.________, the boy couldn’t enter his house. A. Since the key has lost B. The key been lost C. Lost the key D. Having lost the key 8. ____into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now. A. Being translated B. Having translated C. To be translated D. Having been translated 9. ________for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do. A. Having blamed B. To blame C. Being to be blame D. Being to blame 10. ________from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him where ver he goes. A. Suffered B. To suffer C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 11. ______from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car. A. Judging B. Judged C. To judge D. Judge 12. ________with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, ________his tail to the rain. A. Trembling; exposing B. Trembled; exposed C. Trembled; exposing D. Trembling; exposed 13. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou________. A. including B. being including C. to include D. included 14. -Who were those people with the flags? -A group________ itself the League of Peace. A. calls B. calling C. called D. being called 15. ________you the truth, she knows nothing about it. A. Tell B. Telling C. To tell D. Told 16. We slept with the light________ all night long last night. A. burnt B. to burn C. being burnt D. burning 17. Linda can’t attend the party________ at Tom’s house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party _______ at Marie’s house tomorrow.
Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点） 词汇部分 词 语 辨 析 1. discover / find / invent 2. hope / wish / expect 3. bear / endure / stand / tolerate 4. set off / set out / set about 词 形 变 化 1. mercy n.仁慈，宽容merciful adj. 宽恕的merciless adj.残忍的；无情的 2. abrupt adj.突然的，意外 的；唐突的，鲁莽的 abruptly adv.突然地； 粗鲁地 3. expect vt. 期待，预期， 指望 expectation n. 期待， 预料，指望，展望 unexpected. adj. 想不到的，未预料 unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地，想不 到地 4. freeze v.(使)冻结，(使) 结冰n.冻结；冰冻期 freezing n. 冰点 adj. 冰冻的，严寒的 / 5. practise vt.&vi. 实行； 练习；实习 practice n. 练习，实 习，实践，习俗 practical adj.实际的，实 践的，实用的 重 点 单 词 1. distinguish 辨别；辨认；（常与from, between连用）区别；区分 2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的 3. seize vt. 抓住，捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情）突然影响或控制（某人） 4. file n.[c] 文件；档案vt. 把……归档 5. hang vt.& vi. (hung; hung) 悬挂，附着vt. (hanged; hanged) 吊死，绞死 重 点 词 组 1. call up征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；打电话给某人 2. set about sth/doing sth (不用於被动语态) 开始（某工作）；着手做某事 3. (every) now and then/again 时而；偶尔；有时 4. out of order次序颠倒；发生故障 5. get through 用完，消耗掉；（设法）做或完成某事；通过；与某人联系 6. ring back 回复电话 7. in case 因为可能发生某事；以防万一；万一 重点句 型1. The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 2. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes hard when cooled. 重点语 法 复习过去分词做表语和宾语补足语（见语法部分） 语言要点（模块） Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. discover / find / invent 【解释】 discover表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误。 find意为“发现，找到”，指对某种事物的寻求，也指对丢失的事物的找到。invent 指设计或制造原来没有的东西。
波峰中学高二英语课前双基预习案（A） 姓名班级组别编制辛成霞时间编号02 审批 选修七Unit 3 Grammer 【学习目标】学生可以熟练掌握被动语态的形式和用法，并能在文章中理解其含义。【重点难点】复习各种时态的被动语态的结构及动词不定式的被动形式，学习现在分词和动名词的被动形式。 【完成目标】一．各种时态的被动语态的形式： 1.一般现在时的被动语态_________________________________________________ 2.一般过去时的被动语态_________________________________________________ 3.一般将来时的被动语态_________________________________________________ 4. 现在进行时的被动语态_________________________________________________ 5. 过去进行时的被动语态___________________________________________________ 6. 过去将来时的被动语态___________________________________________________ 7.现在完成时的被动语态______________________________________________________ 8.过去完成时的被动语态___________________________________________________ 9.现在完成将来时的被动语态______________________________________________ 10.过去将来完成时的被动语态______________________________________________二．to do 的被动形式 do一般式的被动语态do完成式的被动语态_____________ 三．doing de 被动形式 一般式的被动语态______________ 完成式的被动语态______________ 四．被动语态的特殊用法 1.含有情态动词的被动语态___________________ 2.用主动形式来表示被动含义 1. 2. 3. 4. 本节课你学到了什么
第6讲Inventors and inventions 语法篇 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 1.掌握动词过去分词的用法和功能； 2.能够熟练运用非谓语中的动词的过去分词。 一. 概述：分词分为现在分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。 (一). 分词的作用： 1、作定语 （1）单个分词作定语，分词前置。如： The sleeping boy is my son. The excited people rushed into the building. A lost opportunity never returns. He is a retired worker. （2）分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如： The girl standing under the tree is my niece. The building built last year is our library. This is the question given. There is nothing interesting. （3）过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists 2、作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如： The film is touching. The glass is broken. She looked tired with cooking. He remained standing beside the table. 3、作宾语补足语 分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如： I smell something burning. I heard him singing the song. I heard my name called. I can’t make myself understood in English. I found my car missing.
模块7各单元词汇和短语复习 Unit 1 Living Well Part One 根据首字母或汉语提示写出完整的单词: 1. An unexpected accident made Sang Lan a girl with a physical d____________, but she never gave up. 2. We often observe the tiny cells with m______________ in our biology classes. 3. The production of iron and steel is the most important i______________ of the city. 4. Taiwan is part of China and not an i_______________ state. 5. I have passed all the exams and I am waiting to get the graduation c_______________. 6. A place is a______________ if it is possible to reach it. 7. I was not alone on the journey. Instead, I had so many c________________. 8. You can refer to old people in general as the _______________. 9. When something can help people or improve their lives, we say it is ______________ to people. 10. When the disabled meet with difficulty, we should do what we can to give them a___________. 11. One of his ________________ (志向) is to become a world-wide famous pop singer. 12. He was _____________(笨拙的) with a tool. 13. The patient’s _______________(呼吸) grew stronger and stronger. 14. Who took his place and controlled the company during his ________________ (不在) ? 15. I’m going to give some suggestions to this famous ________________(建筑师). 16. A man’s _______________（尊严）doesn’t depends on his wealth but on his character. Part Two 一、词形变换（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1. The ______________ is good at ______________ TV plays from the stories he reads about or hears. (adapt) 2. The country used to be _____________ on Britain in many ways, but now it has become absolutely_______________. (depend) 3. We have ___________ a lot from the co-operation and I’m sure it will continue to be ________ to both of us. (benefit) 4. Her _____________ lecture ____________ all of us. We won’t forget her ____________. (encourage) 5. ______________ people should be treated equally in spite of their ______________. (disability) 6. You were _____________ yesterday, Tom. Can you tell me the reason for you _____________? (absent) 7. The ______________ serving the passengers on the train is of good_______________. (conduct) 8. ________________ countries pay much attention to the development of ________________. (industry) 二、翻译句子 1. 应该给残疾人尽可能多的鼓励和援助。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 换句话说，这些措施对我们的工业发展是有益的。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 总之，在学校寄宿(board)能帮助学生学会独立。 ______________________________________________________________________________
accustom oneself to (doing)sth.使自己习惯 于(做)某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 4．have an effect on对……有影响 5．decide on对……作出决定 6．feel like (doing)想要(做)……如：Use it to remind yourself of why you want to stop，whenever you feel like smoking 摸上去像，如：It feels like silk.这东西摸起来像丝绸。 7．in spite of不顾；不管 8．take risks (a risk)冒险 9．get into陷入；染上(坏习惯) 10．at risk处境危险；遭受危险 语境活用[运用上述短语完成片段] More and more children 1 _________(对……上瘾)the Internet games，which will 2______________________ (对……产生不良影响) them. Once they 3________________ (养成习惯)，they won’t quit it.4._______________ (尽管) the fact that they know the danger，children still 5.___________(冒险)． Keys: 1. are addicted to 2. have a bad effect on 3 . get into the habit 4. In spite of 5. take risks
B7U3 单词练习 1.Having w______ the accident, I felt it my duty to make a statement to the police、 2.However, some students have o______ views on the question、 3.He talked for two hours without p________ for breath、 4.Don’t you y_____ at me like that ! 5.Everyone f______ from the building when the fire alarm sounded、 6.She d______ herself out of bed, still half asleep、 7.They u______ Congress(国会) to approve plans for their reform programme、 8.She was a________ by her mother when she was a baby、 9.Cars without security devices are an easy t_______ for the thief、 10.Take some time to r_______ on your future plan、
11.She was dressed in p______ white clothes、 12.Though a______ of the dangers of smoking, smokers still find it hard to give up smoking、 13.There aren’t so many demons and ghosts; don’t s______ yourself、 14.The river determines the natural b_________ between the two countries、 15.We guarantee to r______ your money if you're not delighted with your purchase、 16.T_______ is the ability a group of people have to work well together、 17.A______ or yearly is something that happens once a calendar year、 句子翻译 1.我所瞧到得与我得愿望相反。(opposite) 2.她们强烈要求图书馆在假期也开放。（urge） 3.有什么证据显示Old Tom正在帮助捕鲸者摆脱困难呢？ 4.她说得话使我意识到了我自己得缺点。
人教版英语选修六高二-u n i t3-语法-G r a m m a r—-i t的用 法(1)
Section_ⅢGrammar—it的用法(1) 语法图解 探究发现 ①It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. ②Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up. ③It is never too late to mend. ④It is no use talking to them. ⑤It is said that he stole the money. ⑥I think it difficult to learn English well. ⑦We make it clear that speaking to the teacher in that way is not polite. ⑧I don't like it when people talk with the mouth full of food. [我的发现] (1)①句it表示天气，②句第一个it代替to_give_it_up作形式宾语；第二个it代替句中所说的“吸烟”的事。 (2)在句③④⑤中it用作形式主语，其中句③用在“It is＋形容词＋(for/of＋sb.)＋动词不定式(短语)”中，it指代动词不定式(短语)；句④用在“It is＋no use/good＋动名词(短语)”中，it指代动名词(短语)；句⑤用在“It is＋said/believed/reported＋that从句”中，it指代that从句。 (3)在句⑥⑦⑧中it用作形式宾语，其中句⑥用在“动词＋it＋形容词＋动词不定式(短语)”中，it指代动词不定式(短语)，句⑦用在“动词＋it＋形容词＋that从句”中，指代that从句；句⑧it用在某些特殊的句式中，指代when从句。 一、it用作人称代词和非人称代词 1．用作人称代词 (1)it用来指代前面的名词或前面提到过的事。 My friend offered me a beautiful gift yesterday, and I like it very much. 我朋友昨天给了我一件漂亮的礼物，我非常喜欢。
高二选修6 Unit 5 Grammar教案 引标： 1. Review the usage of –ing form below. Examine the sentences and discuss in what way the structures similar to each other and in what way they are different. 示标： 1)Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater. 2)Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice. 区别： 学标： -ing 形式的用法 1)–ing 形式作状语 ①Walking along the street, I met Mary. = While I was walking along the street, I met Mary.(时间状语从句） 在街上走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。 ②Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. =Because I was tired, I stopped to take a rest. (原因状语从句） 因为疲倦，我停下来休息。
③Turning to the left, you will find the school. = If you turn to the left, you will find the school.(条件状语从句) 向左走，你就会找到那个学校。 ④Knowing where I live, he never come to see me . = Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me. (让步状语从句） 尽管他知道我的住处，但从不来看我。 2）–ing形式的完成式 Having +p.p. …, 主语+谓语 (Having been) +p.p. …, 主语+谓语 –ing形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前表示被动可直接用过去分词 ⑤Having finished my work, I went home. = After I had finished my work, I went home。 工作做完只后，我就回家了。 ⑥(Having been) written in haste, the book has some faults. 这本书因仓促写成，所以有些缺憾。 3）使用- ing形式需注意的几个问题。 分词(短语) 作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。 My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the
U3(选修六) 1.abuse n. ○1滥用,妄用；虐待，辱骂○2弊病，陋习 vt. 滥用,妄用,虐待 e.g. He abused his power while in office.他在职时滥用权力。 Those captives were physically abused.那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残 drug abuse 滥用毒品 child abuse 虐待儿童 abuse one’s position / power滥用职权/权利 abuse a privilege滥用特权 2. stress 1）n.○1压力; 重音,重读 be under (the) stress (of) 在压力下 suffer from stress遭受压力 The stresses and strains of modern life现代生活的压力和紧张. ○2强调, 重要性 e.g. Some school lay / put /place stress on foreign language education. 2）vt. 加压力于; 重读; 强调 e.g. He stressed the importance of the task. 3.ban 1）n.禁令,禁止 a ban on sth 2）vt.禁止, 取缔 ban sb. from (doing) sth. 颁布禁令 Put/impose a ban 颁发/解除禁令 lift a ban确立禁令 e.g. Our government has put/ imposed a ban on plastic bags. 4. due to 归因于, 归功于 e.g. The accident is due to your careless driving. 那意外事故归因于你驾驶不小心。be due to do sth定于某时做某事 e.g. He is due to speak at the meeting tomorrow（可以被caused by 所代替） The train is due in five minutes.(预定的，预期的） My rent isn’t due till Wednesday.（到期的，立即支付的） In due course 在适当的时候 after due consideration经适当考虑之后
选修七 Unit 3 Under the Sea 一、语言要点 I
1. annual adj. 每年的；按年度计算的/ n. 年刊；年鉴 [重点用法] annually adv. 年年地, 每年地 [典例] 1) an annual income. 年收入 2) an annual report年度报告 2.witness n. 目击者；证人；证据vt. 当场见到；目击 [典例] 1) He is the witness to the accident. 事故的目击者 2) This old auditorium has witnessed many ceremonies. 这个古老的礼堂内举行过许多次典礼[重点用法] give witness on behalf of sb. 为某人作证 3.accommodation住所 [重点用法] accommodate v. 向...提供, 容纳, 调和; 适应 accommodation address临时通讯处 accommodation allowance膳宿津贴 [典例] 1) The high cost of accommodation makes life difficult for students in London． 由于住宿费用昂贵，伦敦的学生感到生活困难。 2) The university offers excellent accommodation for summer visitors． 这所大学为夏季来访者提供了很好的住宿。 4.abandon vt. 放弃；遗弃；抛弃n．放任, 狂热 [重点用法] abandon oneself to sth./doing sth. 沉溺于 abandon …to sb．把……舍弃给… with abandon放任地；放纵地；纵情地 [典例] 1) They abandoned all hope of finding an effective way to solve the problem． 他们放弃了寻找有效方法解决问题的所有希望。 2) We should keep off those who abandon themselves to drugs．我们要远离那些吸毒成瘾的人。 3) Don't waste the food left, and abandon it to the dog．不要浪费剩下的食物，把它舍弃给狗吃。 5.reflect vt. 映射；反射vi. & vt. 思考 [重点用法] reflection n．反射；反映；思考；沉思
英语学习讲义 语法解析 1. 单个过去分词作定语一般放在它所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语则放在它所修饰的名词之后，且常可扩展为一个定语从句。如： Have you found the lost child? 你们找到那个失踪的孩子没有？ The concert (which was) given by them was a success. 他们举行的音乐会取得了成功。 2. 及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表示被动的意义又常常表示已完成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，仅表示已完成的动作，不含被动之意。如： the risen sun升起了的太阳（risen指已完成的主动动作） We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。（changed指已完成的被动动作） 3. 过去分词短语作非限制性定语，常有逗号与其他成分分隔，并可扩展为非限制性定语从句。如： Some of them, (who were) born and brought up in mountain villages, had never seen tall buildings. 他们当中有一些人生长在山村，从未见过高大的楼房。 4. 分词指人或人的表情时常用过去分词形式作定语及表语，这类动词常用的有:excite, please, disappoint, surprise, encourage, satisfy, interest, bore, worry, frighten等。如： The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 那男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。（过去分词作定语） She will be much surprised by your visit. 你的拜访会使她大感意外。（过去分词作表语） 5. 及物动词的过去分词作表语，指主语所处的状态及已完成的动作，表示被动的意义；不及物动词的过去分词作表语，仅表示已完成的动作，不含被动的意义。如： The sun is risen. 太阳升起来了。（risen指已完成的动作，不含被动的意义） The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。（broken既表示被动，又表示已完成的动作） 6. 及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语是该过去分词的逻辑宾语，两者之间存在逻辑上的被动关系；少数不及物动词如go, fall 等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作已完成，两者之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。如： He is going to have his hair cut. 他准备去理发。（cut表示被动） He found his wallet gone. 他发现钱包不见了。（gone表示已结束的动作） 7. 常用的能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有：like, want, wish, order, see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find, have, get, make, leave, keep等；此外，介词with后面也可接过去分词作宾语补足语。如： No tricky words would move him. He kept his mouth tightly closed.什么花言巧语也不能使他动摇，他就是一言不发。 好好努力梦想终会实现 1