2012届新课标高三第二轮专题讲解
介词英语中称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-（在……前部）+position（位置）”构成的，所以又叫前置词。一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。介词是虚词，主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词（或动名词短语）、名词性从句等。
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，
表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法跟冠词一样复杂。但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看，考生需要掌握以下内容。
1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别
He dug a hole in the wall. We walked in to the park.
under st 2.常见同一形容词与不同介词搭配时意义上的差别
sb.
①Although my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own. A. against B. on C. for D. in
②Some people choose jobs for other reasons money these days. A. for B. except C. besides D. with
【解析】答案为C 。句意：如今一些人选择工作时，除了钱的原因还有其他原因。besides
意为“除了（包含除去的）”；except 意为“除了（不包含除去的）”。根据题意besides 符合题意。
③Some students often listen to music classes to refresh themselves. A. between B. among C. over D. during
【解析】答案为A 。between 用于两者之间，也可指多个事物中的两两之间的关系；among
用于三者或三者以上。“课间”是指两节课之间，因此应用between 。
④This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school girls of your age. （2007北京卷）
A. for
B. about
C. from
D. to
【解析】答案为A 。for 在此表示“适于、适合”。句意：这是一所初级中学，你应该去
一所适合你这个年龄段女孩子的高级中学读书。
⑤ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each other’s breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats.
A. In
B. For
C. Under
D. Between
【解析】答案为A 。句意：在停顿的沉默中，我们能听到对方的呼吸，甚至能听到我们自
己的心跳。In 意为“在……之中”。
⑥Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s the visiting hours. （2006福建卷）
A. during
B. at
C. beyond
D. before
【解析】答案为C 。beyond 表示“（时间）晚于、迟于”。句意：对不起，女士，你最
好明天来，因为参观的时间已经过了。
⑦This new model of car is so expensive that it is the reach of those with average incomes. A. over B. within C. beyond D. below
⑧It was a pity that the great writer died his works unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of
【解析】答案为B 。句意：那个著名作家的作品还未完成他就去世了，真是遗憾。with
引
导的是复合结构作伴随状语。
⑨—What do you want ________those old boxes?
—To put things in when I move to the new flat.
A. by
B. for
C. of
D. with
【解析】答案为D。所提到的情景“To put things in when I move to the new flat. ”说明了箱子的用途。with的意思是“用”后接工具。如：cut with a knife用刀切。
⑩Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain ______an inch.
A. by
B. at
C. to
D. from
【解析】答案为A。介词by可以和表示数量的词构成短语，表示“尺寸、距离”等。句意：幸运的是，子弹在距离船长一英尺的地方与他擦肩而过，没有射中他。
现将（2006-2011）六年来高考全国卷和各省市自主命题卷所涉及到的介词短语及固定搭配总结如下，
以便考生熟悉这一块的考点。
说明：例题请见以下的高考链接部分。
1.（全国卷I）Everybody was touched _________ words after they heard her moving story.
A. beyond
B. without
C. of
D. in
【答案】A
【解析】beyond words表示“在言语之外”，即不能用言语来表达，也就是“无法形容”
了。句意是“听到她的感人故事之后，他们感动得无法用语言来形容”。
2.（重庆卷）Try on this red skirt; you will look great it.
A. on
B. by
C. in
D. for
【答案】C
【解析】Sth. be on sb. “衣服穿在某人身上”；sb. be in sth “某人穿着什么衣服”。由此可知答案为:C 。
3.（福建）—How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!
—It’s a challenge, I g uess, man against nature. A. of
B. for
C. by
D. about
【答案】A
【解析】应答句中的I guess 是插入语，因此所填介词与challenge 连用，表所属，用of ，
选A 。
4.（陕西卷）He invited me to a dance after the show Christmas Eve. A. at
B. on
C. in
D. by
【答案】B
【解析】此处介词位于具体节日（日期）前，用on 。
5.（北京卷）The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, ________ little foreign
ownership. A. by B. of
C. with
D. from
【答案】C
【解析】句意：这个地区的白酒业以一种特殊的方式在发展着，具有很少的外国所有权。
with ：具有， 带有，表伴随。
6.（辽宁卷）Children need friends their own age to play with. A of
B for
C in
D at
7.
（山东卷）It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _______ easy reach. A. near B. upon C. within D. around
【答案】C
【解析】句意：厨房中把常用的物品放在够得着的地方能节省时间。within easy reach
在容易达到……的地方；在……的附近。
8.（四川卷）A great person is always putting others’ interests _________ his own.
A. below
B. above
C. in
D. on
【答案】B
【解析】put oth er’s interests above one’s own意思是把别人的利益放在自己的利益之上。
9.（湖南卷）Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems themselves, and solve
their problems
______ themselves.
A. to; by
B. by; to
C. for; to
D. in; on
【答案】A
【解析】句意：大多数美国人宁愿让他们面对自己的问题并自己解决他们的问题。by oneself表示“单独地，独自地”的意思。
10.（全国卷II ）Jenny nearly missed the flight ______ doing too much shopping.
A. as a result of
B. on top of
C. in front of
D. in need of
【答案】A
【解析】as a result of意为“由于……的结果”。
11.（2009天津卷）The art show was _______ being a failure; it was a great success.
A. far from
B. along with
C. next to
D. regardless of
12.（江苏卷）This special school accepts all disabled students, __ educational level and
background.
A. according to
B. regardless of
C. in addition to
D. in terms of
【答案】B
【解析】according to意为“根据”；regardless of意为“不管，不顾”；in addition to 意为“另外”；
in terms of意为“就……而言”。句意：这所特殊学校接收所有的残疾学生，不管他们的教
育水平和背景如何。
13.（湖北卷）You’d sound a lot more polite if you make a request ______ a question.
A. in search of
B. in the form of
C. in need of
D. in the direction of
【答案】B
【解析】以问题方式向对方提出请求显得更有礼貌。in the form of意为“以……方式”
符合句意。in search of意为“寻找”；in need of意为“需要”；in the direction
of意为“朝……方向”。句意：如果你以问题的形式提出要求，那么会显得更
有礼貌。
14.（湖北卷）His efforts to raise money for his program were ______ because, no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
A. in place
B. in sight
C. in effect
D. in vain
【答案】D
【解析】根据下文no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets可知为集资做出的努力都白费了，应选择in vain。in place“和平地”，in sight“在
视程内”，in effect“实际上”。
2010年
1.(北京卷)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are everyone's enjoyment.
A. in
B. at
C. for
D. to
【答案】C
【解析】for enjoyment为了寻求乐趣。例如：We work in the garden for enjoyment.我们为寻求乐趣而在园子里劳作。
2.(湖北卷)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ____________favors to them.
A. in preference to B . in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for 【答案】D
【解析】in preference to （优先于）；in exchange for （交换）；in place of (代替)；in agreement with （同意，与……一致）。句意：政府官员为某人提供便利或帮助，
以换取礼物或金钱，这种行为是非法的。
3.(江苏卷)So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ________ideal. We
have to work
still harder.
A. next to
B. far from
C. out of
D. due to Array
4.(江西卷)We give dogs time, space and love we can spare, and , dogs give us their all.
A. in all
B. in fact
C. in short
D. in return
【答案】D
【解析】in return作为回报；作为回应；回答。in all 共计in fact实际上in short 简而言之。
句意：我们挤出时间，腾出空间，割舍我们的爱给狗，而狗以其全部回报我们。
5.（江西卷）Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients name, not case number.
A. of
B. as
C. by
D. with
【答案】C
【解析】by以……的方式。句意：现在有些医院以名字来称呼病人，而不是以病号来称呼。
6.(天津卷)My father warned me _______ going to the West Coast because it was crowed with tourists.
A. by
B. on
C. for
D. against
【答案】D
【解析】句中谓语动词warned和介词against搭配，构成warn sb. against doing sth. 相当于warn sb. not to do sth，意思是“警告某人不要干某事”。句意：我父亲警告
我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。
7.(重庆卷)The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money me.
A. by
B. for
C. in
D. with
【答案】D
【解析】I don’t have enough money with m e 意思是“我没有随身带那么多钱”。
8.(福建卷)More and more high—rise buildings have been built in big cities space.
A. in search of
B. in place of
C. for lack of
D. for fear of
【答案】C
【解析】in search of意为“寻找”；in place of意为“代替”；for lack of意为“因缺乏”；
for fear of意为“生怕，以免”。句意：因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在许
多大城市建了起来。
9.(辽宁卷) I agree to his suggestion ______the condition that he drops all charges.
A. by
B. in
C. on
D. to
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词用法。介词on 和the condition that一起相当一个连词，引导条件状语从句，意思是“条件是，以……为条件”。句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放
弃所有指控。
10.(四川卷)Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree.
A. in
B. below
C. beside
D. against
【答案】D
【解析】against此处意为“倚着，靠着”；below“在……下方”；beside“在……旁边”；in“在……
里面（时间）……之后”。句意：累了，吉姆背倚着一棵大树，很快就睡着了。
11.(浙江卷)I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just ________.
A. by nature
B. in return
C. in case
D. by chance
12.(上海卷)Sean has formed the habit of jogging the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day.[
A. between
B. along
C. below
D. with]
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意“Sean已经形成了每天沿着绿荫大道慢跑两小时的习惯”，表示“沿着”时，应该
选B。
2011年
1.（大纲卷）This shop will be closed for repairs_________further notice.
A. with
B. until
C. for
D. at
【答案】B
【解析】主句中be closed是延续性动词，until在肯定句中表示谓语动作延续到表示的时间为止。句意：商店将停业修缮，直到开业再作通知。
2.（北京卷）With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken_________ color.
A. by
B. for
C. with
D. in
【答案】D
【解析】in color有颜色即彩色的，固定搭配。句意：采用新技术，水下峡谷的照片可以拍成彩色的。
3.（上海卷）Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years.
A. through
B. up
C. with
D. from
【答案】A
【解析】through the tough years，表示经历/度过了艰苦的岁月。句意：毕业的时候是你感谢那些曾经帮助你度过那些艰苦岁月的人们的好机会。
4.（湖北卷）When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer
to see him step aside ________ younger men.
A. in terms of
B. in need of
C. in favor of
D. in praise of
5.（山东卷）I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy_______ the past couple of weeks.
A. beyond
B. with
C. among
D. over
【答案】D
【解析】通过前半句“I’ve been very busy”现在完成时，可知搭配用的时间状语为“在过去的两周里”，固定搭配用介词“over the past couple of weeks=in t he past couple of
weeks”。句意：对不起，我没给你打电话，因为在过去的两周里我一直很忙。
6.（安徽卷）Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek________ food safety problem.
A. in
B. to
C. on
D. after
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查名词后的介词的固定搭配。此句中主语为answers，意为“解决办法”，作此意时后跟
介词to或towards，故选B项。句意：有时不容易找到解决食品安全问题的适宜
的办法。
7.（浙江卷）I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ________.
A. on
B. for
C. by
D. of
【答案】B
【解析】tra in做动词意为“训练”，句意是“我总是想做我一直受训的工作”。后面的定语从句说明是什么样的工作，应该是“我一直以来（完成时）为此（for）被训
练（被动式）的”，介词for表目的。
8.（四川卷）Nick, it’s good for you to read some books ________China before you start your trip there.
A. in
B. for
C. of
D. on
【答案】D
【解析】on有“关于；论述”之意，故选D。句意：尼克，你在去中国旅行前要读一些有关中国的书籍是有好处的。
9.（天津卷）He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects.
A. below
B. of
C. on
D. above
【答案】D
【解析】below average在平均分以下；of不与average搭配；on average平均；above average 在平均分以上。根据句意可确定选项。句意：他是个好学生，大多数科目都在平
均分以上。
10.（重庆卷）Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read________ the library.
A. in
B. for
C. by
D. from
【答案】D
【解析】in 意为“在……里面”；by意为“在……旁边”；for 意为“为了……”；from意为“从……”，符合语境。句意：雪莉，一个真正爱读书的人，总是从图书馆带很
多书回家去读。
11.（江苏卷）We’d better discuss e verything ________before we work out the plan.
A. in de tail
B. in general
C. on purpose
D. on time
【答案】A
【解析】in detail意为“详细地，详尽地”；in general意为“大体上，总体上”；on purpose 意为“故意地”；on time意为“准时”。根据句意。应该是“我们最好在制定计
划前详细地讨论所有问题。”
12.（福建卷）_________ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished.
A. Far from
B. Apart from
C. Instead of
D. Regardless of
1. Leaves are found _______ all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly ________ size and shape.
A. in; on
B. in; from
C. on; by
D. on; in
【答案】D
【解析】叶子自然是长在树上的，用介词“on”。differ in后面接具体的名词, 表示“在……
方面不同”。
句意：各种各样的树都长叶子，但是不同的树叶的大小和形状却有很大差别。
2.Being exposed for a long time ______ strong sunlight might seriously damage your skin.
A. in
B. under
C. to
D. over
【答案】C
【解析】be exposed to sth.为固定搭配，意思是“暴露于，遭受”。去掉干扰成分for a long time即可迅
速找到答案。
3.Ballet is not popular ________ our city because most people think it is too expensive to take the classes.
A. in
B. with
C. among
D. on
【答案】A
【解析】句意表示“芭蕾舞在我们市不太流行”，in 表示“在……地方”。此题考生会误选B和C项，
be popular with/among sb.表示“受……欢迎”，介词后面接人。
4.We should talk about the things ________ the children's understanding in a simple way.
A. over
B. beyond
C. above
D. under 【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事情。D项不符合句意；above和
over一般描述位置；beyond“超过，非……所能及”，符合句意。
5.Most pop music is influenced, ________ a greater or less degree，by the blues.
A. to
B. on
C. for
D. within 【答案】A
【解析】degree通常与to搭配，to a degree意为“达到某种程度”。句意：大部分流行音乐都或多或少
地受到布鲁斯音乐的影响。
6.Putting the worries out of her mind, Mary turned her efforts ________ the evening meal.
A. to
B. beyond
C. off
D. inside
【答案】A
【解析】turn…to是固定搭配，表示“(把注意力等)转向……”。
7.How the famous actor treated us made me feel he was not an important person out _____ reach, but kind big brother.
A. from
B. of
C. over
D. to
【答案】B
【解析】“out of reach"为固定搭配，表示“遥不可及，力所不能及”，故选B。
8. I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _______ the hot weather.
A. besides
B. except for
C. except
D. except that
【答案】B
【解析】except 与except for的区别是：前者主要用来谈论同类的东西；后者主要用来谈论不同类的东
西，在说明情况后作细节上的修正，有时含有惋惜之意。
9. Traveling ________ a speed of 160 kilometers per hour, we have covered a distance of 120
kilometers _______ less than 50 minutes.
A. with; in
B. at; in
C. with; for
D. at; for
【答案】B
【解析】at the speed of ...意为“以……的时速”。in less than 50 minutes在不到50分钟内。
10. Guangdong lies ________ the south of China and still to the south, ______ Qiongzhou Strait,
is the Hainan island.
A.. to; across
B. to; on
C. in; across
D. in; to
【答案】C
【解析】因为广东省属于中国，故使用in；在琼州海峡对过应用across。
11. ______ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.
A. With
B. As
C. As for
D. Because 【答案】A
【解析】with复合结构：with+名词+动词不定式。这里表示原因。
12. ______ their return, they were praised as national heroes.
A. At
B. By
C. On
D. With
【答案】C
【解析】on+（含有动作意义的）名词或动名词的结构表示“一……就”的意思。
13. It’s ________ me why Alice gave up her job and got married.
A. under
B. above
C. over
D. beyond 【答案】D
【解析】句意：我难以想象为什么爱丽丝放弃工作而结婚了。It’s beyond me意为“超乎我的想象”。
14. The voyages of travelers before the 17th century show that they were not ________ the sea even though they
didn’t have modern navigational aids.
A. at the expense of
B. at the risk of
C. in the way of
D. at the mercy of
【答案】D
【解析】此处at the mercy of意为“任由……摆布”。句意：17世纪前的航海表明尽管当时没有现代化的
航海辅助系统人们也不任由大海的摆布。
15.The new tax policy only affects people on yearly incomes over ￥120,000, the very rich.
A. by the way
B. as a result
C. in other words
D. as a manner of
【答案】C
【解析】by the way意为“顺便说一下”；as a result意为“结果”；in other words意为“换句话说”；