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中西文化差异对口语交际影响论文

中西文化差异对口语交际影响论文
中西文化差异对口语交际影响论文

浅谈中西文化差异对口语交际的影响

【摘要】:随着世界文化的大繁荣,国际间的交流越来越频繁。口语交际在人们生活交流中起到了非常大的作用。但是,每个国家都有自己的历史、宗教、习俗等,所以文化差异大大影响了交流。本文主要研究文化差异对中学生交流的影响,这将有利于他们更好地进行口语交流。

〔关键词〕跨文化交流;口语交际能力;文化差异

作为当今世界的一个大趋势,全球化正在给民族文化的生存和发展带来前所未有的机遇和挑战。在全球背景下,中国文化不可避免要与西方文化发生碰撞和冲突。语言不仅承载着该民族的历史,而且还蕴藏着该民族的生活方式、思维方式、人生观等独具特色的文化背景。这些文化特性在跨文化交际中尤为重要。因此,要实现语言的交际功能,除掌握必要的语音、词汇知识外,还要理解不同语言间的文化差异,才能得体地使用目的语进行交际,才能实现有效的文化迁移。

一、交往中的文化冲突误解

有这样一个故事:一个在美国学习的中国学生坐在窗前看书。她听见有人喊look out!(当心!)她以为人家说“往外看”呢,就把头伸到窗外去看。上面掉下一块板子,差点儿砸着她。她很生气,往上一看,见一个人在修屋顶。那个人说:didn’t you hear me call ‘look out?’她回答说: yes, and that’s what i did. 学生对西方文化的不了解,很难理解西方人的语言习惯。以至于在简

中西文化差异英文

Differences between Chinese and Western culture As we know the differences between the our estern cultures and western cultures are quite obvious.I would like to state some of my opinions in this paper. I.difference in the thinking style People on the earth are homologous,but different people in different place have different performance on the way of thinking. Differences between Chinese and Western way of thinking reflected in many aspects.Such as the difference between abstract and concrete, reflected in their attitudes towards life can be understood as Westernersare more practical, and the Chinese are much more biased towards some spiritual experience. Westerners pay attention to logical thinking, but Chinese pay more attention to dialectical thinking and so on. As Chinese and western way of thinking are different, there are differences in expression of the order. For example,we can see that the names of western style are not like ours,they put their given names at the first place,while we put them after our family names,that is to say,we regard our family more important than ourselves,and it's the traditional way of estern thinking.Westerners have another way of thinking,they think that each person is important in our world and society,and a person should play a important role among our human beings. II.differences in daily communication Westerners are frank,but chinese are humility.The reflection between westerners and chinese on the treatment of praise is different.In the West, people can accept it generously. As the Chinese have long term impact of Confucian education, we treat others’ praise and recognition not often take the attitude of ourselves, or there is suspected of arrogant. When meeting acquaintances, chinese and westerners greet each other are also different. Chinese people often say "Have you eat ?" "Where are you going?"except the general asked”hello”. In western culture, this is not a greeting, but substantive issues. When British and American people meet,they usually use a polite phrase like "How are you?" or "Nice to meet you!" In addtion,when westerners accept gift from others,they are willing to open it and praise it directly,but chinese do not do like that. III.differences in customs Chinese people regard ourselves as descendants of the Dragon.Chinese have a supreme respect for the dragon, we think dragon is a symbol of our nation. In the dynasty time,Chinese emperors generally self-styled "dragon".However,in the West, the dragon was regarded as the devil, and it was killed by the legendary god of protection, so they set a day as a festival to celebrate the lifting of a disaster, and thank the protection of God.For this reason, when the students describe a person's lively, they say "He / She is full of vim and vigor." not"He / She is as lively as a dragon and tiger". Everyone has their favorite color, so does a country and a nation. Chinese like the red colour ,because chinese think red is a symbol of luck and enthusiam. But westerners perfer to the blue colour,they think blue can make themselves calm. Thus,the preferences of different colors can reflect the whole of a country’s aesthetic taste. IV. differences in eating cultrue Chinese and Western diets are very different, so the differences also have an impact on the national character. In China, a banquet, no matter what purpose, there will be only one form, that is, everyone sit around one table. People toast each other,and eat the same food in one plate,,It reflects the mutual respect between people even the traditional courteous virtue. Although from the health point of view, this dietary approach has obvious shortcomings, it is consistent with our

中西方文化差异文章

中西方文化差异的wenzhang 一、中西文化背景的差异 以中国文化为代表的东方文化,受到儒家思想和佛教、道教文化的影响深远,其根源可以上溯到两千多年前的春秋战国时代,以孔子编纂修订的“六经”为其文化基础,这种文化总的表现为:注重个人修养,注重道德力量,反对武力,注重与他人、自然的和谐相处,追求精神的超脱,以“仁”和“孝”为社会核心。同时更注重于自给自足的内向型文化,清朝时的闭关锁国正是其体现。 而以美国文化为代表的西方文化,其思想基础都是源自欧洲文艺复兴时,源头则是古希腊罗马文化,受基督教影响深远,看重个人的自由和权利,注重实践和探索,跟中国人喜欢对生命本源的哲学思考不同,他们更注重于对自然的探索和求证,从物质层面去考量生命的本源。以“爱”为社会核心。同时具有开放性的外向型文化,以新海路开辟时对新大陆的侵略为代表。 二、中西方价值观和思维方式的异同 ①科学观 在科学方面,中国人更相信先人的经验和权威,相信古人甚至超过相信今人,迷信权威,缺乏创新和探索精神,所以,尽管人类历史上四大发明都是出自中国人之手,郑和下西洋时,中国的造船技术是世界一流的,但几千人的船队七下西洋,不过为了宣示明王朝的“富有与强大”,但是当麦哲伦的船队环游世界时, 当西方人使用中国发明的指南针、火药入侵我们时,我们想到的竟然是在大海边再造一处万里长城,思维的保守与守旧,缺乏创新和探险精神由此可见一斑。 而西方人重视实践和理论,富于探险精神,倡导理性思维,通过正规的学院式教育对科学成果进行普及和推广,极大的促进了科学发展。 ②法制观 “法令所以导民也,刑法所以禁奸也。文武不备,良民惧然身修者,官未曾乱也。奉职循礼,已可以为治,何必威严哉?”可见,在中国人心中,法律只是道德的补充,所以,中国人提倡自我的完善,不提倡用法律法规来约束人,对法律的重视不是很够。在对欲望的约束方面,中国人主张用礼、道德来约束,宋代朱熹曾提出“存天理,灭人欲”的思想主张,即通过先贤的教诲和学习提高自己的修养,控制和压抑一切“不符合道德”的欲望,讲究克己复礼,这种结果导致了人格的缺陷,丧失了独立的人格,也是封建统治盛行的根由。 而西方人认为人的欲望是不应该被压制的,对于社会和个人的规范,主张用“法制”,通过制度,如三权分立的组织、政治机构来约束制约,道德则处于从属的地位。 ③民主观 中国人注重精神的自由,虽然整个封建社会二千多年的历史,基本都是封建集中制的不断加强,是民主政治的彻底丧失,但从一开始,儒家、道家的思想家们就把民主政治放到一个很高的思想高度去认识和看待, 要求统治者爱民、亲民,重视民生疾苦,孔子的“仁”治思想,孟子的“民为重、社稷次之,君为轻”思想,老子的”老吾老,以及人之老,幼吾幼,以及人之幼”思想等等,都包含着“民主”思想,但又推崇君权神授,维护等级制度,把自由、民主看成是君主权贵的赏赐。所以我们的人民总在渴望青天,希望能有好官的出现为民谋利。 而西方的民主政治认为,政出于民,一切的权利只是人民授予,让政府来行使的一种权力,所以,西方人对不能为民服务的政府,通过选票的方式可以给予否决或者改选。当然这中间可能也有许多问题,但无论认识水平上还是制度设计上,无疑都比我们要先进的多。 ④人际交往

中西方饮食文化差异比较

中西方饮食文化差异比较 古人云:民以食为天。在人类社会的发展中,各国的饮食也逐渐形成了自己独特的文化。不同的地区有着不同的饮食习惯,不同的饮食习惯造就了不同的饮食文化。 (一)中国的饮食文化 中国有着五千多年的历史,形成了灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化。中国人注重“天人合一”。中国饮食以食表意,以物传情。中国的饮食文化令人拍案叫绝,赏心悦目。 中国的传统饮食有四大特点: 1.重食:古人就有“民以食为天”之说。见面常问“吃了没有”,可见饮食文化的地位。朋友离合,送往迎来,人们都习惯在饭桌上表达惜别和欢迎的心情。感情上的风波,人们也往往借酒菜平息。这是饮食活动对社会心理的调节功能。 2.重养:以“五谷”养“六脏”,饮食中重视人体养生保健。中国的饮食注意各种食物的搭配,以相生相克、相辅相成等阴阳调和之理性认识指导烹饪。 3.重味:中国的饮食最注重食物的味,讲究“色、香、味、型”。孙中山先生讲“辩味不精,则烹调之述不妙”,将审美视作烹调的第一要义。 4.重理:对于饮食活动中的情感文化,有个引导和提升品位的问题。中国的饮食提倡健康优美、奋发向上的文化情调,追求一种高尚的情操。 (二)西方国家的饮食文化

西式餐饮的主要特点是:一是生,如牛排带血丝;二是冷,如凡是饮料都加冰块;三是甜,无甜不餐,无餐不甜。此外西式餐饮不讲究精细,追求快捷方便,也不奢华,比较大众化。 此外西餐还有以下显著特点: 1.重视各类营养成分的搭配组合,根据人体对各种营养(糖类、脂肪、蛋白质、维生素)和热量的需求来安排菜或加工烹调。 2.选料精细,用料广泛。西餐烹饪在选料时十分精细、考究,而且选料十分广泛。如美国菜常用水果制作菜肴或饭点,咸里带甜;意大利菜则会将各类面食制作成菜肴:各种面片、面条、面花都能制成美味的席上佳肴。 3.讲究调味,调味品种多。西餐烹调的调味品大多不同于中餐,如酸奶油、桂叶、柠檬等都是常用的调味品。 4.注重色泽。在色泽的搭配上则讲究对比、明快,因而色泽鲜艳,能刺激食欲。 5.工艺严谨,烹调方法多样。西餐十分注重工艺流程,讲究科学化、程序化,工序严谨。西餐的烹调方法很多,常用的有煎、烩、烤、焖、焗、炸、熏、铁扒等十几种,其中铁扒、烤、焗最具特色。 6.器皿讲究。烹调的炊具与餐具均有不同于中餐的特点。特别是餐具,除瓷制品外,水晶、玻璃及各类金属制餐具占很大比重。 二、中西方饮食方式的差异 (一)就坐形式的差异中西方的饮食方式有很大不同,这种差异对民族性格也有影响。

高一作文:论中西文化差异作文1000字

论中西文化差异 当传统国学文化与西方文化相遇,当圣诞节与春节“撞车”,随着时代的发展进步,人们越来越趋向于欣赏西方文化。如今,“崇洋媚外”已成为一种风尚;“抨击传统文化,赞赏西方文化“似乎是文学家教育家津津乐道的话题;越来越多的家长希望自己的孩子出国接受国外的教育……我不得不思索,难道中华五千年源远流长的传统文化真的比不上西方文化吗? 其实不然。中西方文化的起源不同,二者追求的信仰也不一样。我们的东方文化受到佛教、以孔子为首的儒家思想和老子的道教思想影响深远,主要追求精神的超脱,追求礼孝忠义,注重个人修养和人与自然的和谐相处。而西方文化起源于古希腊罗马文化,他们拥有平等、自由和开放的观念,追求个人权利以及对自然的探索和求证。因此,中西方文化存在明显的差异, 在文化教育方面,中西方各领风骚。传统国学文化深受儒家影响,中国的教育也注重于培养学生的个人素质,注重基础教育和因材施教。虽说应试教育不利于学生的全面发展,但是我们不能全盘否定我国的教育方式。考试是对学生在某个阶段学习效果的检验。应试教育有助于培养学生的自我思考和独立自主能力。而在西方,无论是在学校还是在家庭都很注重培养一个人的动手和实践能力。曾经有一个二年级的中国孩子,随父母去美国读小学,它的教师告诉他父母说:“我可以告诉你,六年级以前,他们的数学不用学了!” 中西方文化教育的不同直接导致了人们性格修养不同。中国人热

情好客,关心和询问别人的身体健康状况是一种有礼貌,有修养的表现。人们一般见面都喜欢相互寒暄:“你吃饭了吗?”“最近过得怎么样?”而西方人喜欢尊重他人隐私,所以才以谈论天气,生活来避免尴尬。中国人提倡默默无闻和无私奉献精神,以集体利益为重,个人利益为轻,崇尚助人为乐和不求回报。但是西方人的自我中心意识很强,他们个人荣誉感极强,把个人利益放在第一位,并且推崇个人奋斗,强调多劳多得。 传统国学文化历史悠久,源远流长。漫步在历史的长廊中,我们可以细细品味抒写美的爱情,反映现实生活的《诗经》。穿越过春秋战国时期的百家争鸣的文化盛宴,我们有唐诗宋词元曲明清小说……伟大的祖先留给我们的文化瑰宝如同满天繁星般璀璨,是每个民族都可望不可及的。传统国学文化是华夏子女的历史财富,是我国全人类的文化遗产,我们应当学会珍惜。 面对着中西方文化的差异,当外来文化“入侵”时,我们应当取之精华,采取谦虚,不卑不亢的态度。对于我们的传统文化,我们则需要总结提炼其精华,推崇提倡中华民族文化之瑰宝,才能培养更高素质的人才。

论中西文化差异-高一作文

论中西文化差异-高一作文 当传统国学文化与西方文化相遇,当圣诞节与春节“撞车”,随 着时代的发展进步,人们越来越趋向于欣赏西方文化。如今,“崇洋 媚外”已成为一种风尚;“抨击传统文化,赞赏西方文化“似乎是文 学家教育家津津乐道的话题;越来越多的家长希望自己的孩子出国接受国外的教育……我不得不思索,难道中华五千年源远流长的传统文化真的比不上西方文化吗? 其实不然。中西方文化的起源不同,二者追求的信仰也不一样。我们的东方文化受到佛教、以孔子为首的儒家思想和老子的道教思想影响深远,主要追求精神的超脱,追求礼孝忠义,注重个人修养和人与自然的和谐相处。而西方文化起源于古希腊罗马文化,他们拥有平等、自由和开放的观念,追求个人权利以及对自然的探索和求证。因此,中西方文化存在明显的差异, 在文化教育方面,中西方各领风骚。传统国学文化深受儒家影响,中国的教育也注重于培养学生的个人素质,注重基础教育和因材施教。虽说应试教育不利于学生的全面发展,但是我们不能全盘否定我国的教育方式。考试是对学生在某个阶段学习效果的检验。应试教育有助于培养学生的自我思考和独立自主能力。而在西方,无论是在学校还是在家庭都很注重培养一个人的动手和实践能力。曾经有一个二年级的中国孩子,随父母去美国读小学,它的教师告诉他父母说:“我可 以告诉你,六年级以前,他们的数学不用学了!”

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