2020-2021年中考英语阅读理解测试题及答案经典1
一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析）
1．根据短文内容出选择正确答案。
B
Do you want to live a happier, less stressful life? Try laughing for no reason at all. That's how thousands of people start their day at Laughter （笑声）Clubs around the world and many doctors now think that having a good laugh might be one of the best ways to stay healthy.
The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai, India, in 1995 by Dr. Madan Kataria. "Young children laugh about 300 times a day. Adults laugh between 7 and 15 times a day," says Dr. Kataria. "Everyone is naturally good at laughing-it's the universal language. We want people to feel happy with their lives." There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over l,300 in the world.
Many doctors are also interested in the effects （效果） of laughter on our health. According to a 5-year study at the UCLA School of Medicine in California, with laughing there is less stress in the body. Laughter improves our health against illness by about 40%.
So what happens at a Laughter Club? I went along to my nearest club in South London to find out. I was quite nervous at the beginning of the class, to be honest, I wasn't interested in laughing with a group of strangers, and I was worried about looking stupid. Our laughter teacher told us to clap our hands and say “ho ho ho, ha ha ha.” while looking at each other. However, our bodies can't tell the difference between real laughter and unreal laughter, so they still produce the same healthy effects.
Surprisingly, it worked! After ten minutes everybody in the room was laughing for real and some people just couldn't stop! At the end of the class I was surprised by how relaxed-and comfortable I felt. So if you're under stress, then start laughing. You might be very pleased with the results!
（1）The first Laughter Club was started in __________.
A. India
B. America
C. Britain
D. China
（2）How many Laughter Clubs are there in the world today?
A. Over 300.
B. Over 500.
C. Over 800.
D. Over l,300. （3）How did the writer feel at the beginning of the class?
A. Surprised.
B. Pleased
C. Nervous.
D. Tired.
（4）When did the people in the club begin to laugh for real?
A. After ten minutes.
B. After ten hours.
C. After ten seconds.
D. After ten days.（5）The article mainly tells us __________.
A. young children laugh much more often than adults in a day
B. laughing is one of the best ways to stay healthy
C. many-doctors are also interested in the effects of laughter on our health
D. real laughter and unreal laughter are both good for health
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
（5）B
【解析】【分析】你想过一个快乐的,没有压力的生活?尝试毫无理由的大笑？全世界每天有成千上万的人在笑声俱乐部开始他们的一天。医生认为开怀大笑是最好的保健方式。
（1）细节理解。根据第二段The first Laughter Club was started in Mumbai, India, in 1995 by Dr. Madan Kataria. 可知在印度，故选A。
（2）细节理解。根据第二段There are now more than 500 Laughter Clubs in India and over l,300 in the world. 可知选D。
（3）细节理解。根据第四段 I was quite nervous at the beginning of the class可知作者开始紧张。故选C。
（4）细节理解。根据最后一段Surprisingly, it worked! After ten minutes everybody in the room was laughing for real and some people just couldn't stop! 可知10分钟后房间里的人都是在真笑。故选A。
（5）主旨大意。本文讲笑声俱乐部给人们的生活带来的变化，通过大笑来减少压力，过更快乐更健康的生活。故选B。
【点评】阅读理解考查对篇章的把握和对细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。
2．根据短文理解选择正确答案。
C
If music makes you smarter and exercise helps you to think, surely exercising to music can turn you into a clever person.
A team of scientists from Ohio State University did experiments on 33 volunteers who were getting better from heart disease after operations. They found those volunteers who exercised while listening to Italian musician Antonio Vivaldi's The Four Seasons did much better on language ability tests than without music. It is also used in medical fields for patients who have had head hurts because of its moderate tempo （舒缓的节拍）.
“Exercise seems to cause positive changes in the nerve （神经） system and these changes may improve the learning ability of people with heart disease,” said the psychologist Charles Emery, who led the study. “And listening to music is thought to enhance understanding. We just wanted to put the two results together,” he added.
The volunteers said they felt better emotionally and physically after exercising with or without music. But their improvement on the test doubled after listening to music during exercise. Scientists have proved that music can be good for health and education. It helps reduce stress and sadness, encourage relaxation or sleep, wake up the body and improve memory and thoughts.
Scientists have been studying the results of exercise to music on learning and understanding since the early 1950s. A study showed that students who listened to Mozart's violin pieces and exercised went on to get higher marks in an IQ test. With important exams drawing near, your parents will not probably allow you to listen to music or play sports. But perhaps now you have good reasons to argue with them.
（1）What does the underlined word enhance mean?
A. produce
B. provide
C. improve
D. impress
（2）From the last paragraph we can learn that .
A. you should follow your parents' words
B. you have some good reasons to join in an IQ test
C. good marks depend on listening to music and excising
D. exercise to music might help you get higher grades in tests
（3）Which of the following statements is true?
A. Music helps volunteers get better from heart disease.
B. Exercise is used for people with head hurts.
C. Exercise causes no changes in health without music.
D. Music can help you relax and feel energetic.
（4）What might be the best title of the passage?
A. Exercise to Music
B. Music and study
C. Importance of Music
D. Studies on Exercise
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了多听音乐可以提高我们的学习能力，可以让我们更健康，有聪明，说明了音乐的重要作用。
（1）词义猜测。根据本段第一句“Facts suggest that exercise improves the learning ability of people with heart disease,”说明音乐可以提高那些患病的人的学习能力，说明And listening to music is thought to enhance understanding.中的enhance是指提高，增强的意思。produce 生产；provide提供；improve提高；impress给……留下印象。故C正确。
（2）细节理解。根据文章倒数3,4行A study showed students who listened to Mozart went
on to score higher marks in an intelligence test.说明多听音乐可能让人在智力测试中得到高分，说明D项正确。
（3）细节理解。根据倒数第二段Scientists have proved that music can be good for health and education. It helps reduce stress and sadness, encourage relaxation or sleep, wake up the body and improve memory and thoughts可知音乐可以减少压力，让人放松，唤醒身体，提高记忆等，故选D。
（4）主旨大意。本文第一句If music makes you smarter and exercise helps you to think, surely exercising to music can turn you into a clever person是文章的中心句，下文都是围绕第一句进行阐述，故选A。
【点评】本文主要讲述的是音乐的重要作用，需要考生在阅读的时候有足够的耐心。要养成在上下文串联中猜测词义的能力，根据上下文中出现的同义词，近义词，反义词，以及词义的解释来理解生词。同时要抓住文章的中心，不要受其他信息的影响。要根据题目及选项以及文章的上下文串联合理的判断推理。
3．根据短文内容选择正确答案。
A
A well-known old man was being interviewed and was asked if it was correct that he had just celebrated his ninety-ninth birthday.
“That's right.” said the old man. “Ninety-nine years old, and I haven't an enemy in the world. They're all dead.”
“Well, sir,” said the interviewer, “I hope very much to have the honour of interviewing you on your hundredth birthday.”
The old man looked at the young man closely, and said, “I can't see why you shouldn't look fit and healthy to me!”
（1）The old man said he had not an enemy in the world, which shows that he was a very _______.
A. friendly man---- he never made any enemies.
B. healthy man---- he lived longer than all his enemies
C. lucky man---- his enemies had all died
D. terrible man---- he killed all his enemies
（2）When the interviewer said that he hoped very much to have the honour of interviewing the old man again the following year, ________.
A. he was trying to make the old man happy
B. he wished he himself would live another year
C. he did not believe the old man would live to be one hundred
D. he did not believe he would interview the old man again
（3）When the old man said, “I can't see why you shouldn't”, what he meant was _____________.
A. “You must try to live another year to interview me again next year.”
B. “Of course you can see me again since you're so fit and healthy.”
C. “If I live to a hundred years, you should interview me again.”
D. “Unless you live another year, you wouldn't be able to interview me again.”
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文讲一个高龄老人的语言智慧。
（1）细节理解。根据老人说I haven’t an enemy in the world. They’re all dead.可知老人是一个健康的人，他的敌人都死了。故选B。
（2）推理判断。根据句中的词hope；have the honour of等可知记者是祝愿老人健康长寿，故选A。
（3）推理判断。本句的意思是：我实在看不出你为什么会认为没有机会再采访我,你看起来还象我一样健康着呢。记者本是好意祝愿老人长寿，但是听起来好像是老人活不过一百岁似的。老人用开玩笑的方式来缓和记者说错话的尴尬。故选B。
【点评】故事类阅读要紧扣故事的时间线索，人物间的关系，故事的发展和结局，点明的主旨等信息。答题时注意问题中的关键词在文章中的准确定位，根据关键词查找信息，切忌主观臆断，凭感觉做题
4．根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
“Who needs a shopping mall（购物中心）if you have Taobao?" says Wang Lin, 28, a writer in Beijing.
Taobao, China's largest online shopping site（网上购物网站）, has become an important part of Wang Lin's life. She spends lots of money on Taobao.
A growing number of Chinese Internet users like Wang have found the joys of online shopping. Most online shoppers are students or young workers. More women shop online than men; Clothing and home-use products are the most popular on line.
It was reported that more than 250 billion （十亿） yuan was spent on online shopping last year, 80% through Taobao.
Taobao means "looking for treasure" in Chinese. People can find almost everything they need on Taobao, from clothes to books, from candies to DVD players.
You may question the security of online shopping, Wang Lin said, "It's very safe and convenient. Unless you receive the products from the sellers and are satisfied with them, the shop owner will not get the money. You can also get your money back if you want to return the products.”
（1）What is Taobao?
（2）Who are the most online shoppers?
（3）Do more men shop on line than women?
（4）What can you do if you want to return the products?
（5）How much did people spend on line shopping through Taobao last year?
【答案】（1）It's China largest online shopping site.
（2）They are students or young workers.
（3）No, they don't.
（4）I/We can get my/our money back.
（5）More than 200 million yuan.
【解析】【分析】这篇短文中主要介绍了淘宝网越来越受人们的欢迎。人们几乎可以在网上购买到他们所有需要的物品。而且网上购物，不满意可以退货。
（1）细节理解。根据第二段 Taobao, China's largest online shopping site（网上购物网站），has become an important part of Wang Lin's life. 可知答案是：It's China largest online shopping site.
（2）细节理解。根据第三段Most online shoppers are students or young workers.可知答案是：They are students or young workers.
（3）细节理解。根据第三段More women shop online than men;可知答案是：No, they don't.（4）细节理解。根据最后一句You can also get your money back if you want to return the products.可知答案是：I can get mymoney back.或者We can get our money back。
（5）细节理解。根据第四段It was reported that more than 250 billion （十亿）yuan was spent on online shopping last year, 80% through Taobao可知答案是：More than 200 million yuan.
【点评】任务型阅读的关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言
填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。
5．阅读理解
A doctor entered the hospital hurriedly after being called in for an important surgery（外科手术）.He found the boy's father in the hall waiting worriedly.
On seeing him, the father cried out, "Why did you take all this time to come？Don't you know that my son is in danger？Don't you have any sense of duty？"
The doctor smiled and said, "I am sorry. I wasn't in the hospital and I came as fast as I could after receiving the call and now, I wish you'd calm down so that I can do my work."
"Calm down？！What if your son was in this room right now？Would you calm down？If your own son dies while waiting for a doctor, then what will you do？"said the father angrily. The doctor smiled again and replied, "We will do our best and you should also pray for your son's healthy life."
The surgery took some hours after which the doctor went out happily, "Thank goodness！Your son is saved！"And without waiting for the father's reply he carried on his way running by saying, "If you have any questions, ask the nurse."
"Couldn't he wait some minutes so that I can ask about my son's state？"shouted the father when seeing the nurse minutes after the doctor left.
The nurse answered, tears coming down her face, "His son died yesterday in a road accident. He was at the burial（葬礼）when we called him for your son's surgery. And now that he saved your son's life, he left running to finish his son's burial."
（1）What did the doctor do after he received the call for the surgery?
A. He asked another doctor to do his duty.
B. He went to the hospital as soon as possible.
C. He discussed the boy's state with the father.
D. He waited until his son's burial was finished.
（2）The father shouted at the doctor because he thought .
A. he had waited too long
B. no one cared for his son
C. the doctor was cold to him
D. the surgery took a long time
（3）Who told the truth to the father in the end？
A. The doctor.
B. The nurse.
C. His son.
D. A patient.（4）What is the best title for the text？
A. Seeing is believing
B. Time waits for no man
C. Practice makes perfect
D. Think before you decide
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文讲述一个医生被医院招回来救一个孩子，他的父亲误解医生冷血，做完手术后这个父亲才明白原来医生刚刚在车祸中失去了儿子，告诉我们，宽容待人，不要武断。
（1）细节题。根据 A doctor entered the hospital hurriedly after being called in for an important surgery 一位医生在被叫去做一个重要的手术后匆忙进入医院可知，医生接到手术电话后他尽快去了医院，故选B。
（2）推理题。根据 the father cried out, "Why did you take all this time to come 父亲喊道，“你为什么花这么长时间来？，可知父亲对医生大喊大叫，因为他认为他等得太久了，故选A。
（3）推理题。根据The nurse answered, tears coming down her face 护士泪流满面的告诉他......，可知护士最后告诉了父亲真相，故选B。
（4）主旨题。根据本文讲述一个医生被医院招回来救一个孩子，他的父亲误解医生冷血，做完手术后这个父亲才明白原来医生刚刚在车祸中失去了儿子，告诉我们，宽容待人，不要武断，可知 Think before you decide适合做标题，故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
6．阅读理解
In ancient China, a woman told the best stories. She married an emperor（皇帝）.Sadly, one day, this woman became ill and died. Everyone thought the emperor would soon find another favourite among his wives, but the emperor was very sad. He spent more and more time in his garden, and less and less time caring for the needs of his people. Everyone in the kingdom was worried.
One day, a priest（牧师）passed when some children were playing with their dolls. The dolls made dancing shadows on the wall. This gave the priest an idea. He knew the stories the emperor's wife used to tell. What if he could bring those stories to life？
The priest made a puppet（木偶）out of bits of clay（黏土）.He painted the puppet to look somewhat like the emperor's wife. When the puppet was finished, the priest silently walked into the emperor's garden, carrying his puppet, a candle and a curtain. He placed the curtain near the emperor's chair. He placed his candle, his puppet and himself behind the curtain. He waited for the emperor to appear.
The emperor did not even notice the curtain at first. The dancing shadow drew his eyes. As the priest moved the puppet behind the curtain, he told wonderful stories as the emperor's wife. It seemed as if his wife had been spending time with him. The emperor was no longer sad. At the end of each busy day, the emperor went into his garden to visit his shadow wife and hear her stories once again. That is how shadow puppets first began.
（1）Why did everyone in the kingdom feel worried?
A. Because the emperor was too sad to care about his country.
B. Because the emperor couldn't hear the stories any more.
C. Because the emperor's wife died.
D. Because the emperor always stayed in his garden.
（2）How did the priest get a good idea?
A. From the curtain.
B. From the wall.
C. From the shadow of dolls.
D. From the dance.（3）What did the priest do to make the emperor NOT sad?
A. He played the puppet to draw the emperor's attention.
B. He told the stories that the emperor's wife had told by playing the puppet.
C. He could tell wonderful stories like the emperor's wife.
D. He could tell more wonderful stories than the emperor's wife.
（4）Which of the following is NOT needed to play a shadow puppet?
A. The priest.
B. The candle.
C. The curtain.
D. The clay.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文讲述了皮影戏的来历。
（1）推理题。根据He spent more and more time in his garden, and less and less time caring for the needs of his people. Everyone in the kingdom was worried.他花越来越多的时间在他的花园里，越来越少的时间照顾他的人民的需要。王国里的每个人都很担心可知，王国里的每个人都感到担心因为皇帝太悲伤了，不关心他的国家，故选A。
（2）细节题。根据One day, a priest（牧师）passed when some children were playing with their dolls. The dolls made dancing shadows on the wall. This gave the priest an idea一天，一个牧师过去时，一些孩子正在玩他们的洋娃娃。洋娃娃在墙上画了跳舞的影子。这给了牧师一个主意可知，从玩偶的阴影中神父得到一个好主意，故选C。
（3）细节题。根据he told wonderful stories as the emperor's wife. The emperor was no longer sad他作为皇帝的妻子讲了一些精彩的故事，皇帝不再悲伤可知，牧师通过扮演木偶而讲述了皇帝的妻子让皇帝不难过，故选B。
（4）细节题。根据When the puppet was finished, the priest silently walked into the emperor's garden, carrying his puppet, a candle and a curtain木偶完成后，牧师带着木偶、蜡烛和窗帘默默地走进皇帝的花园可知，玩皮影戏不需要黏土，故选D。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
7．阅读理解
I'm Li Mei. My favourite book is A Friend Like Henry. It's about how a family dog helps a boy deal with his autism（孤独症）. When I felt sad, my best friend gave me the book. It cheered me up.
I'm Tony. Reading in the holiday is an interesting thing. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is my favourite book. It's about a captain's travel under the sea. The story is very interesting and the pictures are fantastic. This book can make you relaxed.
My name's Bob. I like reading the Four Great Classical Novels of China although I'm a foreigner from Sydney. I can't wait to tell the story The Romance of the Three Kingdoms（王国）. It taught me a lot about the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu. If you are interested in history, don't miss it.
I'm Mary. In my opinion, The Little Prince（王子）is the best one. In this book, a young prince falls into Earth from a small planet and experiences a lot. It's not just a fiction story, but tells us about the correct values.
A. happy
B. sad
C. bored
D. excited
（2）Tony's favourite book is ________________.
A. Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea
B. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
C. The Little Prince
D. A Friend like Henry
（3）We can learn a lot about ________________ from The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
A. travelling
B. geography
C. science
D. history
（4）Mary thinks The Little Prince is the best because ________________.
A. it has fantastic pictures
B. it can deal with her autism
C. it tells about the correct values
D. it can cheer her up
（5）The best title for this passage is"________________".
A. My best friend
B. My favourite book
C. My interesting movie
D. My favourite story
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
（5）B
【解析】【分析】主要讲了李梅、Tony、Bob和Mary分别最喜爱的书。
（1）细节题。根据第一个表格When I felt sad, my best friend gave me the book.可知当李梅
感到难过时，最好的朋友给了她书，故选B。
（2）细节题。根据第二个表格Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea is my favourite book.
可知《Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea》是Tony最喜爱的书，故选A。
（3）细节题。根据第三个表格If you are interested in history, don't miss it.可知我们可以学
习历史，故选D。
（4）细节题。根据第四个表格It's not just a fiction story, but tells us about the correct values.
可知《小王子》不仅仅是一个科幻故事，而且也告诉我们正确的价值观，故选C。
（5）主旨题。根据全文可知主要讲了李梅、Tony、Bob和Mary分别最喜爱的书，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题和主旨题常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答
案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
8．阅读理解
Good food photography（摄影） makes the food look fresh, so many dishes have stand-ins （替身）, just as movie stars do. "When I get my lights and camera set up, I remove the stand-in and put in the real thing," explains Ray Webber, who photographs food for magazine advertisements. "Sometimes I have to brush the food with its juices because it may have dried out a bit. And when I'm shooting（拍摄） something like tomatoes, I always carry an atomizer （喷雾器） of water to spray（喷洒） them with dew（水珠） just before I shoot."
Shooting food outdoors has special problems. "I'm always worrying about flies or worms （虫） coming up the glass," Webber explains. "I am also worried that someday a dog will come up from behind and run off with the food." Once Webber was shooting a piece of cheese outdoors and needed something to add to its colour. Finally he found a plant with lovely blue flowers. When the photo appeared, several people were horrified （惊骇的）, because the plant was Deadly NightShade（颠茄，有毒）.
（1）According to the article, both movie stars and some food to be photographed .
A. appear on sets（舞台）
B. need stand-ins
C. look better in soft light
D. all of the above
（2）Food probably looks best in photographs if it has been .
A. sprayed some water
B. kept warm
C. salted properly
D. cooked thoroughly （3）As for outdoor photography, Webber mentions .
A. lighting
B. worms
C. wind
D. both A and B
（4）Webber is afraid that dogs might .
A. bark while he is shooting
B. get into his pictures
C. steal the food
D. upset （打翻） his camera
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】大意：文章主要介绍了摄影师 Ray Webber拍照的一些方法。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段 Good food photography（摄影） makes the food look fresh, so many dishes have stand-ins（替身）, just as movie stars do. 可知，电影明星和一些食物摄影都需要替身。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第一段And when I'm shooting（拍摄）something like tomatoes, I always carry an atomizer（喷雾器）of water to spray（喷洒）them with dew（水珠）just before I shoot. 可知，食物在拍摄之前喷洒上一些水，可能看起来最好。故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据第二段I'm always worrying about flies or worms（虫）coming up the glass .可知，在提到户外摄影的时候， Webber 提到他担心虫子从草那上来。故选B。（4）细节理解题。根据第二段I am also worried that someday a dog will come up from behind and run off with the food. 我同样也担心某天一只狗会从后面出现，带着食物跑了，
可知他担心狗偷走食物。故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题要注意从文中寻找答案。
9．阅读理解
A gentleman once advertised （登广告） for a boy to help him in his office, and nearly fifty persons asked for the place. Out of the whole number he chose one in a short time, and sent all the other boys away.
"I would like to know," said a friend, "on what ground you chose that boy. He didn't even have a recommendation （推荐信） with him."
"You are mistaken," said the gentleman, "he had a great many."
"He made his shoes clean when he came in, and closed the door after him, showing that he was orderly （井然有序的）."
"He gave his seat to the disabled old man, showing that he was."
"He took off his cap when he came in. and answered my questions quickly and respectfully （恭敬地）, showing that he was polite."
"He lifted up the book which I had purposely （故意地） laid on the floor, and put it on the table, while all the others stepped over it or pushed it aside, showing that he was careful."
"And he waited quietly for his turn, instead of pushing the others aside, showing that he was modest （谦逊的）."
"When I talked with him, I noticed that his clothes were carefully brushed, his hair in nice order, and his teeth as white as milk. When he wrote his name, I noticed that his fingernails were clean, instead of having some untidy personal habits."
"Don't you call these things letters of recommendation? I do, and the things that I can discover about a boy by using my eyes for ten minutes, are worth more than all the fine letters that he can bring."
（1）Choose the RIGHT word to complete the sentence in Paragraph 5 according to the context （上下文）.
A. kind
B. smart
C. lovely
D. healthy
（2）How did the gentleman know the boy was polite?
A. He made his shoes clean when he came in.
B. He took off his cap when he came in.
C. He waited quietly for his turn.
D. His teeth and fingernails were clean.
（3）The gentleman laid the book on the floor because.
A. he used to be like this
B. he wanted to know who was orderly
C. he tried to know who had tidy personal habits
D. he wanted to test the people who asked for the job
（4）What can you learn from this passage?
A. The gentleman was a foolish man.
B. All gentlemen can choose the right person by using their eyes.
C. Good behavior （行为） and good habits are important to a person.
D. One should pay more attention to his recommendation than to his behavior.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文讲述的是一个男孩找工作，在众多的求职者中脱颖而出，这是因为他有着良好的行为习惯和良好的品质。
（1）词义猜测题。根据上一句 He gave his seat to the disabled old man他把座位让给了那位残疾老人，可知他是一个善良的人，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据He took off his cap when he came in，and answered my questions quickly and respectfully； showing that he was polite可知，男孩进来时脱下帽子，很快地恭敬地回答了我的问题。所以显示出他很有礼貌，故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据He lifted up the book which I had purposely （故意地） laid on the floor, and put it on the table, while all the others stepped over it or pushed it aside； showing that he was careful可知，把书放在地上的原因是要测试找工作的人们是否捡起来，故选D。
（4）理解推断题。根据and the things that I can discover a boy by using my eyes for ten minutes, is worth more than all the fine letters that he can bring. 可知从文章中我们可以了解到一个人的良好的行为习惯和良好的品质是重要的，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题，词义推断题和推理判断题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；词义推断题以及判断题都需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出正确选项。
10．阅读理解
Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some ways. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.
In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year from midnight on December 31st to January 1st, People may go to parties, sometimes dressed in formal（正式的）clothes, and they may drink champagne（香槟）at midnight. During the first minute of the new year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead, But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sunrise. They welcome the new year with the first light of the sunrise.
Many cultures also do special things to get rid of（摆脱）bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes, The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh（重新）. Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.
Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck in the new year. One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Year's Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck he will have in the new year. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck on New Year's Day. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year, you have to eat 365 of them!
（1）The passage is mainly about____________.
A. the meaning of "Happy New Year!
B. several different New Year traditions
C. what to eat on New Year's Day
D. why people dress up nicely on New Year's Day （2）It's clear that____________.
A. some cultures celebrate New Year in the morning
B. the Western people celebrate New Year only on New Year's Day
C. people in Ecuador go to parties from December 31st to January 1st
D. no cultures do special things to celebrate New Year
（3）To have a happy new year, ____________.
A. friends talk to each other in special ways
B. families make big dolls filled with old clothes
C. some people get up early to watch the sunrise
D. Europeans eat 365 grapes on New Year's Day
（4）When eating black- eyed peas on New Year's Day, people think____________.
A. one pea brings one day of luck
B. black- eyed peas are the best medicine
C. the peas are too black and taste bad
D. the peas are helpful to count numbers
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了西方国家不同的庆祝新年的方式，
（1）主旨大意题，通过阅读全文可知，短文主要介绍了不同国家不同的新年庆祝方式，故答案是B。
（2）细节理解题，根据But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sunrise.可知，一些国家喜欢在早晨庆祝新年，故答案是A。
（3）细节理解题，根据But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sunrise. They welcome the new year with the first light of the sunrise.可知，为了过一个快乐的新年，人们要早起看日出，故答案是C。
（4）细节理解题，根据 In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year, you have to eat 365 of them!可知人们认为吃一颗黑豆会带来一天的好运，故答案是A。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题。细节理解题要可以直接从文中寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。
11．阅读理解
Love mysteries but can't find the ones that suit you fine？ Don't worry! Here are some that young readers around the world highly recommend. There must be one that you will win your heart!
Escape from Mr. Lemoncello's Library Mr. Lemoncello is a famous inventor
in the town. Twelve kids are invited to visit his new library. However, this
isn't a good place to spend the night! The kids must work together to solve
the clues and escapes!
"It's a great book! I had my nose in it all the time!This must be the coolest
library in the world!" ----Kate, 12
Price: ￥38.60（hardcover）/￥31.70（e -book）
From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler
Claudia and her brother Jamie ran away from their suburban home to live
in the Museum of Art in New York City. They enjoy the mystery of an angel
statue that is nearly brought to the museum. Can they solve it?
"I have read this book twenty times! It's a must read for young fans of
puzzles!" ---- Alexa, 11
Price: ￥48.70（hardcover）/￥34.60（e -book）
The London Eye Mystery
Salim suddenly disappears. No one knows where he has gone. His cousins,
Ted and Kate have to follow clues around London and find him before it's
too late. Can they make it?
"An amazing story full of puzzles! It will make you never want to stop
turning the pages!" ---- Gabe, 13
Price: ￥74.70（hardcover）/￥66.60（e -book）
A. Mrs. E.L. Konigsburg
B. The London Eye Mystery
C. Escape from Escape from Mr. Lemoncello's Library
D. From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil
E. Frankwiller
（2）In the London Eye Mystery, _________.
A. twelve kids try to escape from London
B. two children try to find their missing cousin
C. twelve kids try to escape from a new library
D. two children try to solve the mystery of a statue
（3）By saying "I had my nose in it all the time!" Kate wants to show that_______.
A. the book was really cheap
B. she enjoyed reading the book
C. she liked the smell of the book
D. the book was easy to understand.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是三则广告，介绍了 Escape from Mr. Lemoncello's Library， From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler和 The London Eye Mystery三本书的内容简介及价格。
（1）细节题。根据They enjoy the mystery of an angel statue that is nearly brought to the museum.他们喜欢将要带到博物馆的神秘的天使塑像。可知对博物馆的故事感兴趣应该阅读From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler这本书，故选D。
（2）细节题。根据 His cousins, Ted and Kate have to follow clues around London and find him before it's too late.可知Ted和 Kate在天黑之前，找到了他们的失踪的堂兄弟。故选B。（3）词句猜测题。根据It'sa great book!它是一本很棒的书，可知作者喜欢这本书，从而猜测出"I had my nose in it all the time!是我喜欢读这本书。故选B。
【点评】本题涉及细节题和词句猜测题，细节题要注意细节从文中找答案；词句猜测题是根据上下文，猜出所需要的信息。
12．阅读理解
Bike-sharing has swept across China, with an increasing number of people choosing bike riding instead of driving. The bike that the service company provides has GPS or Bluetooth on it, and those bikes can be easily unlocked with a smartphone and left anywhere in public. Bike-sharing allows people to borrow a bike from one place and return it at another place easily.
In some cities, we can see more and more people riding this kind of sharing-bikes. It's very convenient to use the bikes if you have a smartphone. First, you have to download such an app on your smartphone. Then what you need to do is find a nearest hike through the app, scan the QR code on the bike or connect your phone with the bike over a Bluetooth wireless connection. You will find the bike can be unlocked itself. Then you can enjoy your trip. What's more, the greatest advantage of hike- sharing is that you can easily find one and never worry about where to park it. The cost of riding depends on the time that you spend. Normally, every hour you ride, you need to pay one yuan. It doesn't cost so much, does it?
At the same time, some people park the hikes in their own homes. Besides, some people don't value the bikes. Now service companies are trying to solve the problems like being stolen.
Technology and science have changed our social lifestyles. We have to say bike- sharing brings us more convenience without doubt. And we also hope that people can not only enjoy it but also put it to good use.
（1）From the first paragraph, we know ______.
A. bike-sharing is invented in China
B. sharing-bikes are used by some people
C. most people in cities don t drive
D. sharing-bikes can be borrowed anywhere
（2）II you want to use a sharing-bike, you must _________ first.
A. have a smartphone and download an app
B. download an app and pay for the trip
C. unlock the bike and download an app
D. find a nearest bike and borrow it from anyone
（3）Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage?
A. Bike-sharing is very cheap.
B. Sharing-bikes may be stolen.
C. Sharing-bikes are easy to unlock.
D. Bike-sharing is a kind of green transport.
（4）The passage probably comes from a ________.
A. science textbook
B. tourist guide
C. website news report
D. restaurant menu
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是讲述了共享单车在中国越来越受欢迎。如果想使用共享单车，必须要有一个智能手机并下载一个应用程序。它使用起来非常方便，而且价格也很便宜。但是现在有的人不爱惜自行车，到处乱放，还有自行车被偷盗现象，服务公司正试图解决这个问题。毫无疑问自行车共享给我们的出行带来了更多的便利，我们要很好地利用它。（1）推理题。根据Bike-sharing allows people to borrow a bike from one place and return it at another place easily自行车共享让人们可以很容易地从一个地方借自行车，然后在另一个地方归还，可知一些人使用共享自行车，故选B。
（2）细节题。根据文中句子“It's very convenient to use the bikes if you have a smart phone. First, you have to download such an APP on your smart phone.”（如果你有智能手机，使用自行车非常方便。首先，你必须在智能手机上下载这样的应用程序。）可知，如果你想使用共享单车，你必须先有一个智能手机并下载一个应用程序，故选A。
（3）细节题。根据文中句子“The bike that the service company provides has GPS or Bluetooth on it. And those bikes can be easily unlocked with a smart phone and left anywhere in public.”可知，共享单车很容易解锁；根据“Now service companies are trying to solve the proble m like being stolen.”可知，共享自行车可能会被盗；根据“The cost of riding depends on the time that you spend. Normally, every hour you ride, you need to pay one yuan. It doesn't cost so much, does it?”可知，使用共享单车比较便宜；Bike-sharing is a kind of green transport ，自行车共享是一种绿色交通工具，文章没有提及，故选D。
（4）推理题。A 科学教科，B旅游指南，C网站新闻报道，D餐馆菜单，根据本文是讲述了共享单车在中国越来越受欢迎。如果想使用共享单车，必须要有一个智能手机并下载一个应用程序，可知短文来自网站新闻报道，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
13．阅读理解
Need to buy something? Why go to a store? Buy it on the Internet! Need it now? Why wait? Ask to receive it the next day! Each day, more and more people try on-line shopping. In fact, online sales have doubled in the last ten years. But not everyone is excited. Some scientists now say that online shopping is bad for the environment.
People are surprised to hear this." They think, I don't need to drive, and the business doesn't need to build a store, so there will be less pollution," says Nuria Prost, an environmental scientist. "But it is not so simple. In fact, online shopping is wasteful. It also adds to air pollution."
In truth, the Internet is not always as good a friend to the environment as it seems. For example, most people thought that the Internet would help offices use less paper and other materials. But paper use increased by33percent between 1986 and 1997."Online shopping could have similarly harmful results," says Nevil Cohen, a researcher of environmental science. Part of the problem is what people are buying these days. In the past, people bought things on the Internet that did not require much packing material, such as books and clothing. But now people also shop online for large, heavy pro ducts such as televisions, computers, chairs and tables. These products need to be packed in lots of plastic and paper. This creates a lot of waste.
Another problem caused by online shopping is air pollution. When customers buy products and ask to receive them the next day, online businesses often have to send them by air. Airplanes use much more oil than cars and produce more carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）. When people buy a lot of different things from different online businesses, this creates even more travel by airplane.
Online product returns are also a problem. For example, an online shoe store may allow customers to return shoes for free if they are wrong size. This doubles the packing materials and number of airline trips required to sell one pair of shoes.
"If people want to protect the environment, they need to think before they shop," says Prost. "People need to ask themselves: Is this exactly what I want? Do I really need it tomorrow, or can I wait?" Online stores can also ask customers to pay money for returns. This may make people shop more carefully." Online shopping is fast and easy, "says Prost," but we can't forget the harmful result it has caused to the environment."
（1）The passage begins with several questions to .
A. introduce the main topic
B. describe online shopping
C. show the writer's opinion
D. list advantages of shopping
（2）What is the passage mainly about?
A. The Internet is not good to the environment.
B. Online shopping causes more air pollution.
C. Online shopping is bad for the environment.
D. Stop online shopping to protect the environment.
（3）Which of the following is to show that online shopping is wasteful?
A. Large products need more packing materials.
B. Paper use increased by 33 percent about ten years.
C. Businesses need to build a store to sell the products.
D. Online shopping costs less than shopping in a store.
（4）What is probably the best title of the passage?
A. A Good Deal to Make
B. A Different Lifestyle to Keep
C. A Cleaner Way to Shop
D. A New Business to Start
（5）Which of the following shows the structure（结构）of the passage?（P=Paragraph）
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）A
（4）C
（5）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要讲述了网上购物对环境的危害，倡导人们清洁购
物。
（1）意图判断题，根据 Each day, more and more people try on-line shopping. In fact, online sales have doubled in the last ten years. But not everyone is excited.可知，以上的几个问题是为了引出网上购物的话题。故答案是A。
（2）细节理解题，根据 Some scientists now say that online shopping is bad for the environment. 可知，短文主要在论述网上购物对环境的危害，故答案是C。
（3）细节理解题，根据 In the past, people bought things on the Internet that did not require much packing material, such as books and clothing. But now people also shop online for large, heavy pro ducts such as televisions, computers, chairs and tables. These products need to be packed in lots of plastic and paper. 可知，网上购买的产品的包装浪费了大量的包装材料，故答案是A。
（4）标题判断题，文章主要讲述了网上购物对环境的危害，倡导人们清洁购物，故答案是C。
（5）篇章结构题，通过阅读发现第一二段是独立的，接下来的三段是并列部分对于第二段进行论证，最后一段是总结性段落是对前面三段的总结，故答案是C。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本题涉及到的题型较多，包括目的意图题、细节理解题、标题判断题和篇章结构题。目的意图题需要找出句子之间的因果关系，细节理解题需要认真阅读，仔细在文中寻找答案，标题判断题需要抓住文章的中心，用精炼的短语概括中心，篇章结构题比较简单，一般来说只要能看明白文章的意思，就可以判定出它的结构方式。
14．阅读理解
I believe that we can have an important effect on anyone we meet. The right words at just the right time could change someone's life. When I was three years old, my parents discovered I was deaf. After asking many doctors and parents of other deaf children, they decided to put me in a normal school.
On my first day in the school, the other kids made fun of me because of my hearing aid. And then I saw myself as an ugly kid.
Mrs. Jordan, my teacher changed all of that with a simple three-word phrase. One morning, she asked the class a question. I read her lips（嘴唇） and raised my hand right away. She called me. I took a deep breath and nervously answered Mrs. Jordan's question.
I will never forget what happened next. Mrs. Jordan pointed directly at me. With a big smile she cried,
"That's right, Stephen! "For the first time in my young life, my confidence soared（剧增）.At that moment, I decided that no matter how many difficulties I may face, I can overcome（克服）them. Just from those three simple words, my life changed from that moment.