当前位置:文档之家› [全国版][高三英语专题][第11讲 完形填空解题技巧之连词介词]讲义(教师版)

[全国版][高三英语专题][第11讲 完形填空解题技巧之连词介词]讲义(教师版)

[全国版][高三英语专题][第11讲 完形填空解题技巧之连词介词]讲义(教师版)
[全国版][高三英语专题][第11讲 完形填空解题技巧之连词介词]讲义(教师版)

第11 讲完形填空解题技巧之连词介词

1.高考完形填空的文章以380-440 词左右的记叙文,夹叙夹议文为主,纯粹

的说明文和议论文很少出现。

2.完形填空的文章话题贴近中学生的生活并通过讲述小故事传递正能量。

3.完形填空题主要考查学生以下三个方面的知识和技能:

①对文章的整体理解,上下文段落的衔接,逻辑思维与判断能力;

②对词汇和惯用法等语言基础知识的考查,多以实词为主,虚词为辅;

③对生活中常见的事实进行推理和判断的能力。

4.完形填空在高考中所占分值为30 分(以北京高考为例)。

1.完形填空这一题型在高一、高二、高三均有涉及,重点考查学生在语境

中辨析动词、名词、形容词和副词的能力。高一完形字数一般在 200-280 之间,以记叙文为主;高二完形也以记叙文为主,字数一般在 270-340 之间,要求学生要

能弄清楚作者对人物事件的态度,理顺事件的发生发展和结局,理解作者的思想感情;进入高三,记叙文依然是完形的一种主要体裁,但是夹叙夹议的比重会越来越高,而且难度会加大,字数提高到 350-420 之间,要求学生能准确把握作者核心观点和作

者要阐述的生活哲理,体察人物情绪变化并精准辨析词汇含义。

2.记叙文型完形填空出现频率较高,要引起学生足够重视。这些记叙文有

人物故事、历史故事、励志故事等,作者切入的角度也是各不相同,涉及社会、家庭、历史、文化、健康等。夹叙夹议完形填空所选的文章一般富于哲理性,往往

可以从一件看似平淡的小事中悟出深刻的人生哲理,因此耐人寻味,可读性较强。

3.从近几年各省市完形填空设题来看,对连词介词的考察每年都有,连词

包括并列连词、从属连词和关联连词,要求学生一定要理顺上下文的逻辑关系。

10 个完形高频词

介词考察内容多,涵盖了初高中所学的介词所有用法,要求学生能够掌握与动词

或名词等结合的搭配用法。

4.解答完形填空的总原则是“先完意,后完形”,即先理解文章的主旨大

意和作者要传递的理念,再进行选择填空,在选择过程中需要综合运用以上技巧,以便得到更高的分数。

Have you ever watched “Dead Poets Society”? “Seize the day,boys.” is a line

from this well-known movie. Have you got any idea what that means?

“Seize” is one of the words that frequently appear in the Cloze of College Entrance English Exam. Today, we are going to learn 10 such words.

break, tear, seize, seat, land,

return, relative, sort, gesture,

pack

完形技巧之连词介词

1.上下文逻辑关系合理

2.与动词或名词等结合

的搭配用法

高考完形高频词

1.break

n./v. 破坏;休息;打破

【即学即练】

1.I finally decided to (40)the news to my mom that I was leaving the team. My mom may have looked like a tiny and quiet lady but on hearing(41)my words, she said, “Remember, ‘A quitter never wins and a winner never quits.’(东城二模)

40. A. write B. break C. read D. report

【参考答案】B,break the news 宣布消息。

2.And in 1988, the magazine Ski Racing selected her “ Skier of the Year”, the tradition of electing able-bodied World Cup athletes.

A.breaking

B.recording

C.setting

D.ruining

【参考答案】A, break the tradition 打破传统。

学以致用:

写作中对break 的灵活运用:She made an attempt to break into journalism.(她试图进入新闻界。)

2.tear

眼泪Her eyes filled with tears. vt.

扯坏,撕开 A nail tore a hole in her coat.

【即学即练】

1.He smiled and said, “She doesn’t know me, but I know who she is.” I had to hold back (50) as he left.

50. A. curiosity B. tears C. words D. judgment

【参考答案】B, hold back tears 忍住泪水。

2.She the letter up in tears.

A.tore

B. broke

C.threw

D. damaged

【参考答案】A, tear up 撕破。

学以致用:

情景作文中添加细节,如表达激动、感动的情绪。

例句:With tears streaming down my face, I felt proud that our class finally win the first prize.

3.seize

vt. 抓住She jumped up and seized his arm.

武力夺(权)The current President seized power in a coup.

抓住(机会)He seized his chance to attack as Delaney hesitated.

【即学即练】

1.“Take a lunch to all those soldiers.”I said.She my arms tightly. Her eyes were wet with tears, she thanked (41)me, “My son is a soldier in the front…it’ s almost like you are doing it for him.”

A.took

B. seized

C. caught

D. captured

【参考答案】B, 本题易选A, take sb by the arm 抓住某人的手臂,短语记忆一定要准确,不要混淆。

词汇拓展:

seize on/upon 利用

e.g. The rumours were eagerly seized on by the local press.

4. seat

n.座位Stephen returned to his seat.

vt. 容纳...人The theater seats 570. vt.

使坐下,使就座seat a child on a stool

【即学即练】

1.He politely_ (43) his lady in the knee-deep water and then sat down himself. (全国卷1)

43. A.led B. seated C. watched D. received

【参考答案】B, seat sb 使某人坐下。

2. The nurse had him take a (36) in the waiting area, telling (37) him it would be at least 40 minutes before (38) someone would be able to see him...(全国卷1)

36. A. breath B. test C. seat D.break

【参考答案】C, take a seat 坐下,就坐。

学以致用:

写作中对一些建筑物的描述:The theatre that seats 570 people is located in the centre of the city.

5. land

土地;国土;v.登陆

【即学即练】

1. When we (51), I gathered my belongings and started to leave.A man stopped me, put something in my pocket, and walked away without(52)a word. (海淀二模)

51. A. separated B. landed C. paused D. chatted

【参考答案】B, land 这里是飞机着陆的意思。

2.Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don’t regret their choice of study.

The underlined word “land”in the paragraph probably means .

A.keep for some time

B. successfully get

C. immediately start

D. lose regretfully

【参考答案】B, land 后跟工作意思是找到工作,后跟客户意思是招揽到客户,land

a new customer 招揽到一个新客户。

词汇拓展:

land in: 陷入(不愉快境地)

He landed in a psychiatric ward. 他住进了精神病病房。

6. return

v.返回;报答

【即学即练】

1. Simon had (57) the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be dead(58), but he didn’t want to leave immediately(59).(新课标卷2)

57. A. headed for B. travelled to C. left for D. returned to 【参考答案】D, return to the camp 返回营地。

2.Minutes later he carrying a bottle of wine and two glasses. Without pausing, he went once more into the water to serve the wine.

A.came

B. went

C. returned

D.walked

【参考答案】C, 返回,return 非常典型的用法。

学以致用:

感谢信中对return 的运用:Thank you very much. I’ll return the favour some day.

7. relative

(1)n. 亲戚:

Your relatives are the members of your family.

(2)adj. 相对的:

The fighting resumed after a period of relative calm.

【即学即练】

1. Northern Europeans usually do not like having bodily(43) contact (接触) even with

(44)or friends, certainly not with strangers.

44. A. foes B. relatives C. neighbours D. enemies

【参考答案】B, 抓住关键词even 和friends 可知空里需要填一个和朋友意义相近的词,故选relatives.

2. In the endless flow of absolute truth there are innumerable truths.

41. A. relative B. respective C. relevant D. reliable

【参考答案】A , relative truth 相对真理。

学以致用:

relatively speaking 相对来说

Relatively speaking,land prices are still pretty cheap here.

8. sort

vi 分类,整理;

n.种类

【即学即练】

1.He the materials into their folders.

A.sorted

B. divided

C. tidied

D. ranged

【参考答案】A, 把材料分类。

词汇拓展:

sort of = kind of 有点儿

-Do you like this movie?

-Sort of.

学以致用:

(1)作名词“种类”讲:可以应用到情景作文的写作中去:

e.g. There were so many different sorts of jackets available in the department store. (2)作动词“分类”讲:也可以应用到情景作文的写作中去:

e.g. I sorted all the materials into the box to prepare a raining day.

9. gesture

v.做手势n.手势

【即学即练】

1.About an hour later, after winding (50) through endless back roads deep in the woods, they (51) to us to go left.

A.greeted

B. connected

C. gestured

D. hurried 【参考答案】C, gesture to us 向我们做手势。

2.Her mother gently kissed her grandmother on the cheek, but(39) Jennifer was afraid to get too close. Her grandmother smiled at her and (40) for her to come closer, and hesitantly (41) Jennifer walked over and took her grandmother ’ s hand.

(丰台高三期末)

40. A. headed B. longed C. gestured D. looked

【参考答案】C, gesture for her to come closer 打招呼让她靠近。

学以致用:

make a gesture 做手势,表态

Third, Israel must make a gesture to the Palestinians to show them we want peace.

10. pack

v.打包n.包裹

【即学即练】

1.Since I was still (34) making lunch for his younger brother, I (35) one for Marc, too.

35. A. packed B. fetched C. bought D. filled

【参考答案】A, 打包了一份。

2.”Why, it must(41) be here somewhere,” she said, starting to sort through the boxes again. “Your grandfather always (42) everything so carefully when he took the tree down.“(丰台期末)

A.packed

B. decided

C. covered

D. searched

【参考答案】A, pack everything so carefully 非常认真地打包好一切。

学以致用:

运用在写作方面,特别是在情景作文里的运用。

e.g. She packed her clothes into a suitcase.

完形填空解题技巧之连词介词

连词介词在历年高考完形填空中考察频度并不高,但几乎每年必考,而且难度不小,因此也不能轻视。做这类题的关键在于理解文章内在的逻辑关系,并熟悉常用的各种固定搭配。解答好这类题型,常用的技巧主要有:1.上下文逻辑关系合理2. 与动词或名词等结合的搭配用法。同学们要在做题过程中不断应用并体会这些答题技巧,熟练掌握对于提高答题准确率大有裨益。

1.上下文逻辑关系合理(连词)

(1 )Conversely, some people consider adventure as something that increases the adrenalin ( 肾上腺素)and are not happy they go skydiving or bungee jumping! Again, any form of adventure is good as long as the adventure travel pursued remains within the comfort zone of the individual.

A.unless

B. since

C. before

D. because

【参考答案】A,他们会不开心除非去空中跳伞或蹦极。

(2 )Talent between the two? Probably the same. Level of education? Not much difference. But the Stranglers strangled, the Wranglers were determined to give each other a lift.

A. although

B. if

C. because

D. while

【参考答案】D,空前是消极表现,相互斗争,空后是积极表现,决心相互帮助,空前空后形成对比,所以选D.

(3)“Would you mind telling me when(39) you are thinking of leaving? (40) are you going to sit in your car all day?”

40. A. For B. Or C. But D. So

【参考答案】B, 空前空后的内容构成选择关系,故选 B.

(4)I hate (49)seeing my daughter playing her best, (50) still defeated.

50. A. if B. or C. but D. as

【参考答案】C,发挥出最好水平但依然被击败,空前后构成转折关系,故选 C.

(5)I used to hate being called upon in class mainly because I didn’t like attention drawn to myself. And (36) otherwise assigned( 指定) a seat by the teacher, I always chose(37) to sit at the back of the classroom.(北京卷)

36. A. as B. until C. unless D. though

【参考答案】C,除非被老师指定座位,否则我总是选择坐在教室后面。

2.与动词或名词等结合的搭配用法(介词)

(1)Fast foods and TVs have been (64) us for a long time.

64. A. amongst B. along C. beside D. with

【参考答案】D,be with sb 陪伴某人,也有支持某人的意思。

(2)I have gone from “hiding (53)" in the back of the classroom and not wanting to call attention to myself, (54) raising my hand —even when I sometimes wasn't 100 percent sure(55) I had the right answer. Now I have more self-confidence in myself.(北京卷)

54. A. by B. for C. with D. to

【参考答案】D, 抓住”from...to...”这个关键表达结构,很容易选出 D.

(3 )“Why, it's wonderful,” said Miss Park, who then showed us a poster she had painted (45)the talent show. (北京卷)

45.A. at B. after C. for D. around

【参考答案】C,画海报的目的是为了”才艺展示”或者说画了为“才艺展示”准备的海报,for 表目的。

(4)B eing on that stage-design team (50)Mrs. Neidl changed me completely. Not only was I stronger and more competent than I had thought, but I also discovered(51)a strong interest and a world I hadn’ t known existed.(北京卷)

50. A. with B. below C. of D. by

【参考答案】A, with sb 是和某人在一起的意思。

(5)But when I turned into the main road I suddenly saw a lot of cars racing (31) me. I got out of their way (32)as fast as I could by backing into the garage once more(33) and the man behind shouted at (34)me.

31. A. after B. with C. around D. towards

【参考答案】D, 车辆race toward 意思是车辆快速开向。

(6)If we had done nothing, if we allowed ourselves to "stay down", then

we would have failed. But we made the choice to learn from our offers, and we moved forward

more determination.

A.with

B. of

C. at

D. from

【参考答案】A,move forward with more determination 更坚定地前行,注意do sth

with sth 这个结构。

(7)Even when passing through the roughest period of our life, we can turn it in our favor by hard and righteous work. No good deed goes being paid off and it does have the power of changing the fortunes.

For example, if one has worked for 20 hours in a week, the employer will pay for 20 hours. Similarly if we are walking on the path of positivity with great faith in the life, perfo rming our deeds, we’ll be paid off.

A.off

B. out

C. on

D. without

【参考答案】D,根据文章"No good deed goes being paid off ", 没有好的行为得不到回报,双重否定表肯定。

【即学即练】

1. Robert had always wanted to include(51)such a man in a story. (52) Long John Silver,the pirate with a wooden leg, was born(53).

52. A. Yet B. Also C. But D. Thus

【参考答案】D 上下文逻辑关系合理。

2.The nurse had him take a seat(36) in the waiting area, telling(37) him it would be at least 40 minutes (38) someone would be able to see him.

38.A. if B. before C.since D.after

【参考答案】B 上下文逻辑关系合理。

3.They told her to stay still(52) until the emergency personnel arrived, (53)she thought the car was going to explode(54).(全国卷)

53. A. for B. so C. and D. but

【参考答案】D 上下文逻辑关系合理。

4. Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. (43) he got closer, he found another (44) vehicle upside down on the road.

43. A.Since B. Although C. As D. If

【参考答案】C 上下文逻辑关系合理。

5. Over the next few days, they sent out invitations and prepared desserts (45)their guests. They decorated the apartment with streamers(彩带) and party lights.

45. A. to B. with C. for D. from

【参考答案】C 与动词或名词等结合的搭配用法。

6. Lola didn’ t fall (47) the beam. In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10—her highest

score yet.

47.A. to B. on C. off D. against

【参考答案】C 与动词或名词等结合的搭配用法。

一、单句完形填空

1.The native people said they (38) this creature and called it the“Yeti”, and they said that they had (39) caught Yetis on two occasions (40) none has ever been produced as evidence(证据).

38. A. heard from B. cared for C. knew of D. read about

39. A. even B. hardly C. certainly D. probably

40. A. as B. though C. when D. until

2.Most believe the footprints are nothing more than (46) ordinary animal tracks, which had been made (47) large as they melted (融化) and refroze in the

snow.(48) , in 1964, a Russian scientist said that the Abominable Snowman was (49) real and was a remaining link with the prehistoric humans.

48.A. In the end B. Therefore C. After all D. However

3. Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. (43) he got closer, he found (44) another vehicle upside down on the road.

43.A. Since B. Although C. As D. If

4. I was (42) hesitant about the decision, finally agreeing to compromise.I wasn't the only speaker—I would (43) share the honor with five other students.Still, it was doubtful whether the task was (44) me.How in the world would I give a speech to hundreds of people?( 北京西城一模)

44.A. About B.for C. upon D. beyond

5. I remembered earlier that morning when he had fallen and I had laughed at him. This would be his 50chance to return the favor.

But he didn’t. 51 , Ryan offered me his jacket to cover up my 52torn jeans. (北京东城二模)

51. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. However

二、完形填空(北京门头沟二模)

A Slice of Generosity

It was Saturday and we decided to take our kids for 1 out. We chose a branch of Pizza Express at the Surbiton Street. We entered the restaurant and sat down 2 an empty table. There was an elderly lady dining alone at the next table. It was clear that the lady had 3 needs. After some time, she finished her eating, sat up and went to the 4 to pay the bill. The waitress tried her bank card several times but couldn’t make it.

Then the waitress turned to her and 5 told the lady that there was something wrong with her bank card and it couldn’t be used at that moment. The lady looked 6 and confused, not knowing what to do. The kind and patient waitress told her not to be nervous and that she could call her 7 for help. Hearing that word, Jeremy, my husband, 8 sat up and told the waiting staff that we would pay for the lady's meal. The waitress smiled to us approvingly and said OK. My husband went to her and handed her our bank card. However, just at that moment, the manager arrived. He learned about the matter and turned to the lady, saying that 9 she couldn’t use her bank card to pay, there was no need to worry because Pizza Express had allowed the restaurant to give away two 10 meals every month and on this occasion, they would like to 11 her with a free meal.

She was extremely 12 and apologetic that she had been unable to pay. We were 13 that the lady had been 14 in such a respectful way and that she was not placed in a difficult and embarrassing position. Then, the manager turned and headed to us. He said that, as we had shown such 15 and helpfulness, he would like to 16 the second free meal that the restaurant was able to offer to us! We were extremely surprised! I have never heard of any chain restaurant behaving in such a

17 way. We were quite impressed with gratitude, expressing our 18 to the manager on behalf of both the lady and us. I made sure that the lady was able to get home OK then we thanked the staff and manager again and left the restaurant.

I think Pizza Express, and in particular the manager of the Surbiton branch, 19 our praise and respect. I told the manager that my younger son also had special needs and that I really 20 the way the restaurant had treated this special case.

Everyone may come across something unpredictable and if we can act just like the manager in the Pizza Express, then the world will become a better one.

1. A. play B. dinner C. fun D. music

2. A. at B. on C. in D. behind

3. A. extraordinary B. particular C. special D. ordinary

4. A. restaurant B. bank C. kitchen D. counter

5. A. hurriedly B. politely C. proudly D. impatiently

6. A. pleased B. unfriendly C. satisfied D. embarrassed

7. A. husband B. father C. manager D. chef

8. A. immediately B. happily C. excitedly D. gradually

9. A. as B. though C. since D. for

10. A. regular B. cheap C. free D. ordinary

11. A. equip B. furnish C. provide D. fill

12. A. grateful B. sympathetic C. satisfied D. disappointed

13. A. stressed B. relieved C. interested D. worried

14. A. accepted B. recognized C. criticized D. treated

15. A. generosity B. honesty C. modesty D. curiosity

16. A. sell B. donate C. deliver D. show

17. A. sensitive B. selfish C. generous D. silly

18. A. thanks B. regret C. satisfaction D. disappointment

19. A. needs B. wants C. receives D. deserves

20. A. forgave B. disliked C. disapproved D. appreciated

参考答案

一、单句完形填空

1. CAB

2.D

3. C

4. D

5. A

二、完形填空

BACDB DCABC CABDA BCADD

知识点知识点说明举例

完形高频词

(翻译)

break

tear

seize

seat

land

return

He fell through the

window,breaking the glass.

Many people were moved to

tears by his story.

The rebels have seized

power.

(高频词部分可以让学生写汉语意思、造句等,连词介词技巧可以结合课堂所举例子进行回顾复习。)

学生易错点整理:

介词与连词讲解与练习答案

介词 in 2012,in October, in spring,in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening 2、有了表示日期的词以后,就要改用on (on总是与日子有关,具体到某一天,人命关on天) on the 1st of October, On the 20th of October,on Monday,on Monday morning 3、在午间,在夜间,在开始,在末尾时要用at at noon,at night,at the beginning,at the end,at the weekend,at Christmas(on Christmas Day,on Christmas Eve) 4、at + 时刻表示钟点。At 9 o’clock 5、注意in time及时和on time 准时的区别 二、表示地理位置的in, on, to in+方位词,表示在某范围内。如中国在亚洲的东部。 on+方位词,表示与其接界。如Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu。山东位于江苏之北。 to+方位词,指在某环境范围之外。如Taiwan lies to the east of Fujian。台湾在福建之东。 三、表示地点的at,in,on 1、at 常指小地方,及具体的地点连用。at the gate在门口,at the table在桌旁,at Dalian Statium在大连体育馆 in 一般指大地方,及泛指的地点连用。in Beijing在北京in the sky在天空in American、in a university 四、表示空间:on 和beneath,above和below,over和under的区别 above在…(偏)上方,表示两者不接触,与below(在…下面)相对。 on在…上,表示两者接触,与beneath(在…下)相对。 over 在…正上方,表示两者垂直,但是不接触,也可指“笼罩、覆盖在上面”与under(在…正下方)相对。 五、.behind表示“在……的后面”,其反义词组“in front of”表示“在……的前面”,注意与in the front of 的区别。 We must keep our hands behind our backs.我们必须一直把手放在背后。 I was walking down the street when a friend stood in front of me.当一个朋友站在我面前时,我正沿着街道散步。 There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.。教室的前面是黑板. at/in the front of 表示“在……里面的前部”, at the back of表示“在……里面的后部”, in the middle of 表示“在……的中部”。 Xiao Ming sits at/in the front of the classroom.小明坐在教室前面。

文言虚词“以”、“与”作介词和连词的区别

文言虚词“以”、“与”作介词和连词的区别 新高考新问题 2011-08-28 2128 5cc149a20102drsz 文言虚词“以”、“与”作介词和连词的区别 来源阿呆QQ群 高考文言文选择题中的虚词题,即“意义和用法”异同题,学生比较容易出问题,尤其是特定语境下的“以”“与”,作介词还是连词,是学习中的难点。 首先,“以”这里讨论意义为“因为”的“以”。。 看下面句中的词语 1、且以一璧之故逆强秦之欢,不可。 2、以其无礼于晋且贰于楚也。 3、则思无以怒而滥刑。 根据句意,三句中的“以”都表动作、行为发生的原因,均可译为“因为” “由于”,即两词“意义”相同。但,“一璧之故”中心词“故”,是名词性短语,所以从句法上来说,“以一璧之故”构成介宾短语,共同修饰句中动词“逆”,这里的“以”用作介词。 “其无礼于晋且贰于楚”则是主谓结构,“其无礼于晋且贰于楚”,介词后只能带名词或代词,不能带主谓短语,而且“晋侯秦伯围郑”已经构成单句形式,所以这里只能是连词,连接前后两个分句,相当于关联词语“因为”。所以两句话中的“以”意义相同而用法不同。“怒”是动词,前面是不用介词的,所以这里的“以”也是连词。 总之,区分表原因的“以”是介词还是连词,关键看它后面是代词、名词、名词性短语还是其他短语或分句。 再看几个句子 4、不赂者以赂者丧。 5、赵王岂以一璧之故欺秦邪? 6、余是以记之,盖叹郦元之简,而笑李渤之陋也。 7、不以物喜,不以己悲。 8、古人之观于天地……往往有得,以其求思之深而无不在也。 9、诸侯以公子贤,多客,不敢加兵谋魏十余年。 以上几句中“赂者”“一璧之故”“物”都是名词或名词性短语, “是”“己”都是代词,与“以”一起构成介宾短语,分别修饰 “丧”“欺”“喜”“记”“悲”,这几处的“以”均用作介词;“其求思之深而无不在”“公子贤,(公子)多客”,都是主谓短语,均构成分句,所以这两句中的“以”用作连词。

介词和连词专项复习学案

常见介词及用法 (一)表示时间的介词 1.英语里最常见的时间介词有:at, in, on, before, after和from。 2.at , in和on这三个词都表示时间。 ?at主要指具体的钟点:at half past eight 在八点半 ?in一般指某一段时间:in January 在一月份 ?on指具体在某一天:on Monday 在星期一 3.before和after表示时间的先后顺序。 ?before表示“在……之前”。 You should wash your hands before eating. 吃饭前你应该洗手。 ?after表示“在……之后”。 They often play basketball after dinner. 他们放学后经常打篮球。 4.from作时间介词含有“从……开始”的意思,常和to连用,组成“from…to…” 的结构,表示“从……到……”的意思。 We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从周一到周五上学。 (二)表示方位的介词,也就是表示位置和地点的介词。 1.小学阶段常见的方位介词有:on, in, at, under, over, above, below, about, around, between等。 2.on, over和above 这三个词都有“在……上面”的意思,但它们所表示的方位还是有些不同。 ?on表示两个物体的表面相互接触。如: There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本书。 The boy is sleeping on the desk. 那个孩子睡在地上。 ?over表示“在……的正上方”,两个物体表面没有接触。如: There is a light bulb over my head. 在我头顶上有一个灯泡。 ?above表示两个物体中一个在另一个的上方,如: The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机上云层上飞行。 There are four lights above our head. 在我们头上有四盏灯。 3.under和below都有“在……的下面”的意思,但它们有区别: ?under表示“在……的正下方”,其反义词是over。 There is a ball under the chair. 椅子下面有一个球。 They are sitting under a big tree. 他们正坐在一棵大树下面。 ?below表示“在……”的下面,不强调是否在正下方。 Their house is below mine. 他们家的房子在我家的下面。 4.in表示位置“在……里面”,也可以用来表示在一个很大的空间内。 The children are playing in the room. 孩子们正在房间里玩。 All my books are in my bag. 我所有的书都在我的书包里。 5.at表示“在……旁边”。 The teacher is standing at the desk. 老师正在桌边。 I will wait for you at the station. 我会在车站等你。

以、与介词连词区别

以”、“与”作介词和连词的区别 高考文言文选择题中的虚词题,即“意义和用法”异同题,学生比较容易出问题,尤其是特定语境下的“以”“与”,作介词还是连词,是学习中的难点。 首先,“以”这里讨论意义为“因为”的“以”。 看下面句中的词语: 1.且以一璧之故逆强秦之欢,不可。 2.以其无礼于晋且贰于楚也。 3.则思无以怒而滥刑。 根据句意,三句中的“以”都表动作、行为发生的原因,均可译为“因为”“由于”,即两词“意义”相同。但,“一璧之故”中心词“故”,是名词性短语,所以从句法上来说,“以一璧之故”构成介宾短语,共同修饰句中动词“逆”,这里的“以”用作介词。 “其无礼于晋且贰于楚”则是主谓结构,“其无礼于晋且贰于楚”,介词后只能带名词或代词,不能带主谓短语,而且“晋侯秦伯围郑”已经构成单句形式,所以这里只能是连词,连接前后两个分句,相当于关联词语“因为”。所以两句话中的“以”意义相同而用法不同。“怒”是动词,前面是不用介词的,所以这里的“以”也是连词。 总之,区分表原因的“以”是介词还是连词,关键看它后面是代词、名词、名词性短语还是其他短语或分句。 再看几个句子: 4.不赂者以赂者丧。 5.赵王岂以一璧之故欺秦邪? 6.余是以记之,盖叹郦元之简,而笑李渤之陋也。 7.不以物喜,不以己悲。 8.古人之观于天地……往往有得,以其求思之深而无不在也。 9.诸侯以公子贤,多客,不敢加兵谋魏十余年。 以上几句中“赂者”“一璧之故”“物”都是名词或名词性短语,“是”“己”都是代词,与“以”一起构成介宾短语,分别修饰“丧”“欺”“喜”“记”“悲”,这几处的“以”均用作介词;“其求思之深而无不在”“公子贤,(公子)多客”,都是主谓短语,均构成分句,所以这两句中的“以”用作连词。 其次,“与”,这里讨论意义为“和、同”的“与”。 看下面句中加点词语: 1.彼与.彼年相若也,道相似也。 2.吾与.之共知越国之政。 3.举天下之豪杰,莫能与.之争。 4.与.其妾讪其良人。 根据句意,几个“与”都翻译成“和”“同”,但用法却不同。“彼与彼”紧相连接,不能拆分,代词并列,可以互换位置,在句中共同作主语,这里的“与”用作连词。“吾与之”却不能前后互换,因为从上下文看,是说“吾”要采取的做法,而不是大家;且前后可以拆分,在“与之”前加“必”,成为“吾必与之共知越国之政”,所以句中“与之”构成介宾短语,作“知”的状语,“与”用作介词。3、4两句“与之”“与其妾”构成介宾短语,分别作“争”“讪”的状语,这里的“与”都作介词,因为前面的成分可以省略,所以第4句“与”出现在了句子开头,而并列短语任何一部分都应同时出现,则连词“与”不能出现在句子开头。

介词与连词讲解与练习(答案)

介词 常用介词: 1、表示某年、某月、某季节,在早上晚上用in in 2012,in October, in spring,in the morning,in the afternoon,in the evening 2、有了表示日期的词以后,就要改用on (on总是与日子有关,具体到某一天,人命关on天) on the 1st of October, On the 20th of October,on Monday,on Monday morning 3、在午间,在夜间,在开始,在末尾时要用at at noon,at night,at the beginning,at the end,at the weekend,at Christmas(on Christmas Day,on Christmas Eve) 4、at + 时刻表示钟点。At 9 o’clock 5、注意in time及时和on time 准时的区别 6.from…to… 二、表示地理位置的in, on, to in+方位词,表示在某范围内。如 on+方位词,表示与其接界。如Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu。山东位于江苏之北。 to+方位词,指在某环境范围之外。如Taiwan lies to the east of Fujian。台湾在福建之东。 三、表示地点的at,in,on 1、at 常指小地方,及具体的地点连用。at the gate在门口,at the table在桌旁,at Dalian Statium在大连体育馆 in 一般指大地方,及泛指的地点连用。in Beijing在北京in the sky在天空in American、in a university 四、表示空间:on 和beneath,above和below,over和under的区别 above在…(偏)上方,表示两者不接触,与below(在…下面)相对。 on在…上,表示两者接触,与beneath(在…下)相对。 over 在…正上方,表示两者垂直,但是不接触,也可指“笼罩、覆盖在上面”与under(在…正下方)相对。 五、.behind表示“在……的后面”,其反义词组“in front of”表示“在……的前面”,注意与in the front of 的区别。 We must keep our hands behind our backs.我们必须一直把手放在背后。 I was walking down the street when a friend stood in front of me.当一个朋友站在我面前时,我正沿着街道散步。There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.。教室的前面是黑板. at/in the front of 表示“在……里面的前部”, at the back of表示“在……里面的后部”, in the middle of 表示“在……的中部”。 Xiao Ming sits at/in the front of the classroom.小明坐在教室前面。 The twin sisters sits at the back of the classroom.那对双胞胎姐妹坐在教室后面。

介词和连词

介词和连词 介词是用来表明词与词?句与句之间关系的词。介词是虚词,不能重读,不能单独做成分,后面一般有名词?代词或相当于名词的其它词?短语或从句做它的宾语。介词和它的宾语一起构成介词短语,在句中做定语?状语?表语?补足语。 知识点一:.介词的分类 1.形式上的分类 类别特点例词 简单介词由一个词构成at ,about, above , across, after, against, along, among, around, before, behind, below, between 合成介词由两个合在一起构成without,within,nearby,inside,throughout, into, onto,outside 短语介词由几个介词或一个介词和 其它词构成 regardless of, because of, thanks to, owing to, as a result/consequence of, rather than, apart from, except for, but for, in place of, in front of, at the top/bottom of, on behalf of, in case of 分词介词部分动词的-ing用作介词considering, regarding, depending on, concerning, including, 2.意义上的分类 类别例词 时间介词at, in, on, since, for, during, until, till, by, before, after, between, from...to, throughout 地点介词at, in , on, around, above, below , over, in front of, behind, inside, outside, beside, next to, close to, near, by, across, opposite, through, within, onto, into, off , towards, to, from... to, among, against(倚靠) 原因介词because of, for, at, with, from 比较介词as, like, over(超过), to(与...相比) 条件介词but for(要不是),considering(考虑到),in case of 让步介词despite, in spite of, regardless of 其它介词for(支持),against(反对),without/with(没/有),besides, except/ but/other than(除了),instead of, 知识点二:常用介词的用法 1.at 1). 在某处at the corner of the street at the concert at home arrive at the station 2). 处于…状态at war at lunch at work at table at a disadvantage at sb/sth’s best/worst 3). 在...时刻/钟点/时期/岁at that moment at noon at dawn at dusk at night at sunrise at daybreak at the weekend at the age of at Christmas at 2 o’clock 4).以...速度/价格/代价at a speed of 80 kph at full/high speed at a high/low price

作介词的“以”和作连词的“以”之区别

作介词的“以”和作连词的“以”之区别作介词的“以”和作连词的“以”之区别 “以”字本来是一个动词,甲骨文“以”字是一个侧立的人形,在手臂下部勾勒有一个圆团,像手执物状,表示“贡纳”、“进献”之意,也表示较抽象的行为动作,相当于“用”。《说文》:“以,用也。”“以”作动词根据上下文还可灵活译为“使用、凭借、任用、认为”等。例如: 哀公问社于宰我。宰我对曰:“夏后氏以松,殷人以柏,周人以栗。”——《论语·八佾》 子曰:“如有政,虽不吾以,吾其与闻之。” ——《论语·子路》 公以告臧孙,臧孙以难,告郈孙,郈孙以可,劝。 ——《左传·昭公二十五年》 后来,在演化过程中渐渐虚化而多充当介词、连词等使用。 “以”作连词,可以连接动词、形容词及其词组,也可以连接分句。所连接的前后成分有多种意义关系。 1.表示并列或递进关系。常用来连接动词、形容词(包括以动词、形容词为中心的短语),可译为“而”、“又”、“而且”、“并且”等,或者省去。 夫夷以近,则游者众。 ——《游褒禅山记》 忽魂悸以魄动。 ——《梦游天姥吟留别》 2.表示承接关系,前一动作行为往往是后一动作行为的手段或方式。可译为“而”或省去。 越国以鄙远。 ——《烛之武退秦师》 这是一个引起争议的词,教材的翻译为:越过别国(郑国)而把远地当作边邑。 余与四人拥火以入。 ——《游褒禅山记》 樊哙侧其盾以撞。 ——《鸿门宴》 各各竦立以听。——《促织》 3.表示目的关系,后一动作行为往往是前一动作行为的目的或结果。可译“而”“来”“用来”“以致”等。 则请立太子为王,以绝秦望。 ——《廉颇蔺相如列传》 当求数顷之田,于伊、颍之上,以待余年,教吾子与汝子。——《祭十二郎文》 为秦人积威之所劫,日削月割,以趋于亡。——《六国论》 不宜妄自菲薄……以塞忠谏之路也。——《出师表》 晋侯复假道于虞以伐虢。 ——《左传·僖公五年》 4.表示因果关系,表示行为产生的原因,有前因后果和前果后因两种情况,常用在表原因的分句前,可译为“因为”“由于”“以致”。例如: 不赂者以赂者丧……

介词和连词

介词和连词 介词是一种虚词,不能独立充当句子成分,需与动词、形容词、名词和代词等搭配,才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前,表示词与词之间关系的词类,介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词(如:动名词v-ing)。介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。 连词在句中的作用是把词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来。它不能在句中单独作句子成分。 高考重点要求: 1、介词的含义及在句中的作用。 2、介词+宾语构成短语的作用。 3、介词短语在句子中的功能的理解。 4、并列连接词和从属连接词的使用和区别。 第一节知识点概述 一、介词 (一)表示时间的介词 1.表示时间段的介词 (1)in , after in +时间段,表示从现在起往后推算一段时间. after +时间段,表示过去某时间往后推一段时间,如:He’ll come back in two days. 但钟点用after( after thre e o’clock) He left on July 2 and returned after three days. (2)in , during 表示在一段特指的时间内,可用in 或during, 如:The work was done in / during the holidays. 表示年份、月份、季节用in , 如:in 1999 ,in June , in winter (3)for the past + 时间段, during 表示在最近一段时间内,句中谓语动词常用现在完成时 I have been in Shanghai in the last few years. (4)for 表示延续一段时间 I’ll study in the U.S for two years.I’ve waited for Bingo for half an hour. 2.表示某一时间的介词 (1)at, on at 表示某一时刻,on 表示某一天或日期, 如: at 7:14, on Saturday morning on the night of May 2 一天内各段时间表达, 须选用正确的介词,请比较: in the morning on a winter / snow / cold / morning at night on the night of March 7th in the evening on Friday evening (2)before, by before 表示某一时间之前,而by 表示到某一时间止,句中谓语动词多用完成时态。如: You must get up before six. 你必须六点之前起床。 By the end of last m onth the boy had got 4 “As”. 到上月底这个男孩已得了4个A. (3)after , since after 可以表示过去某一点时间之后,通常和一般过去时连用,而since表示从过去某时间开始延续到现在的一段时间, 与现在完成时连用,如; My father lived in Shanghai after liberation .解放后我父亲住在上海.

介词和连词

介词和连词 一、考点聚焦 1、介词的分类与语法功能 (1)介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。介词分为:简单介词,如at、in、for等;合成介词,如within、inside、onto、througout等;短语介词,如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词,如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词,如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。 常见的介词宾语:名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如: ①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast. ②He quarrelled with her yesterday. ③He succeeded in passing the final exam. ④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time. ⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well. (2)介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如: ①This machine is in good condition.(表语) ②Where is the key to my bike?(定语) ③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语) ④She always thinks herself above others.(宾补) 2、介词搭配 (1)“动词+介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。 ①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意 义的动词与of 连用) ②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine(“供给”意义的动词与with连用) ③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat(“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用) ④介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系(=动词 + sb.’s + 部位,可换

(完整)高考英语语法填空连词考点及练习

高考英语语法填空连词考点及练习 一、知识点 考点解密 在近两年广东高考的语法填空中连词,都是两小题,占语法填空的五分之一,是考查的一个重要项目,具体考点有以下 4 大点: 考点 1:并列连词 表示联合and(同,和 ), when(=and just at this time就在这时 ), not only?but (also) ?(不仅??而且?? ), neither ?nor?(既不??也不??) 表示选择or(或者,否则 ), otherwise(否则 ), or else(否则 ), either...or(不是??就是 ) 表示转折but(但是,可是,只是因为 ), yet(可是 ), not?but?(不是??而是??) 表示对比while(而、却 ) 表示因果for(因为)和 so(所以,因此) 注: (1)when 作并列连词,主要用于 was/were doing sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were about to do sth. when sth./sb. did; was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth./sb. did等句型中,表示“当某人或某物正在或 正要做某事,就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。 (2)在“祈使句 +and/or+陈述句”句型中,祈使句表示条件,and/or 后的句子表示结果。 考点 2:引导状语从句的连词 种类连词 时间when(当?时), while(在?期间), as(当?,一边?一边?),before(在? 状语之前), after(在?之后), since(从?以来), till/until (直到),whenever (无论何时), as soon as(一?就) 从句 地点状where (在?的地方 ),wherever(在?的任何地方 ) 语从句

作为“因为”意时介词“以”与连词“以”的区别

作为“因为”意时介词“以”与连词“以”的区别 作为“因为”意时介词“以”与连词“以”的区别快乐的高小四 介詞“以”和連詞“以”的辨別: “以”作介詞,它後面總要跟名詞(或短語)組成介賓結構,來修飾動詞謂語。“以”作連詞,它總要有被連接的兩個部分,而這兩部分中後一部分是謂詞性成分。 古代汉语:介词以和连词以的区别 介词“以”是由动词虚化来的。动词“以”基本义为“用”,引申可据上下文灵活译为“使用、凭借、任用、认为”等。例如: 哀公问社于宰我。宰我对曰:“夏后氏以松,殷人以柏,周人以栗”(论语·八佾) 子曰:“如有政,虽不吾以,吾其与闻之。”(论语·子路) 公以告臧孙,臧孙以难,告郈孙,郈孙以可,劝。(左传·昭公二十五年) 连词“以”可以连接动词、形容词及其词组,也可以连接分句。所连接的前后成分有多种意义关系。 1)手段和目的关系 “以”字前项是手段,后项是目的,可译为“来”“用来”。 例如:晋侯复假道于虞以伐虢。(左传·僖公五年) 2)原因和结果关系有前因后果和前果后因两种情况,“以”可译为“以致”“因为”等。 例如:象有齿以焚其身.焚身:丧生。象因为有珍贵的牙齿而遭到捕杀。比喻人因为有钱财而招祸 3)连贯关系 “以”字前后的动作行为一先一后,或者前项是后项的方式、状态。 例如: 余折以御。我折断它继续驾车。(左传·鞌之战(左传·襄公二十四年) 4)并列关系 “以”字前后成分分不出先后,“以”相当于连词“而”。 例如: 其为人也,善射以好思。射:猜谜语。(荀子·解蔽) 5)偏正关系 “以”字前项用作状语修饰后项。“以”或不译,或可译为“地”“着”等。 例如: 加我数年,五十以学《易》,可以无大过矣。 如果天假我年,或五年,或十年,沉潜于大《易》之中,那么我庶几可以无大过矣。 (《论语·述而》) 作介词的“以”和作连词的“以”之区别 “以”字本来是一个动词,甲骨文“以”字是一个侧立的人形,在手臂下部勾勒有一个圆团,像手执物状,表示“贡纳”、“进献”之意,也表示较抽象的行为动 作,相当于“用”。《说文》:“以,用也。”“以”作动词根据上下文还可灵活译为“使用、凭借、任用、认为”等。例如: 哀公问社于宰我。宰我对曰:“夏后氏以松,殷人以柏,周人以栗。”——《论语·八佾》 子曰:“如有政,虽不吾以,吾其与闻之。”

高考英语介词、代词、连词和冠词汇总

高考英语介词、代词、连词和冠词汇总

————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:

高考英语介词、代词、连词和冠词总结 一.概念及分类: 1.介词: 1).时间:in;at;on;by;during;after;before;about;between;over... I swim once a week during winter. I got home at about 9 p.m.. 2)。地点:On/to/behind/across/along He saw a picture on the wall. Are you going to the post office? 3).表其他意思的介词:by/with/due to I usually go to school by bike. I can’t read the book without glasses. 2.连词 1)。并列连词:and/both...and/not only...but also You are handsome and strong. She is not only kind but beautiful. 2)转折连词:but/however/yet/while She is good at swiming while her brother is good at skating. 3)选择连词:or/either...or/otherwise Do you speak Chinese or English? 4)因果连词:because/as/for/since/so/therefore You’d better put on your coat for it is rather cold outside.

以和与 是介词还是连词

以和与是介词还是连词 高考文言文选择题中的虚词题,即“意义和用法”异同题,学生比较容易出问题,尤其是特定语境下的“以”“与”,作介词还是连词,是学习中的难点。 (1)、“以”这里讨论意义为“因为”的“以”。 看下面句中的词语: 1、且以一璧之故逆强秦之欢,不可。 2、以其无礼于晋且贰于楚也。 3、则思无以怒而滥刑。 根据句意,三句中的“以”都表动作、行为发生的原因,均可译为“因为” “由于”,即两词“意义”相同。但,“一璧之故”中心词“故”,是名词性短语,所以从句法上来说,“以一璧之故”构成介宾短语,共同修饰句中动词“逆”,这里的“以”用作介词。 “其无礼于晋且贰于楚”则是主谓结构,“其无礼于晋且贰于楚”,介词后只能带名词或代词,不能带主谓短语,而且“晋侯秦伯围郑”已经构成单句形式,所以这里只能是连词,连接前后两个分句,相当于关联词语“因为”。所以两句话中的“以”意义相同而用法不同。“怒”是动词,前面是不用介词的,所以这里的“以”也是连词。 总之,区分表原因的“以”是介词还是连词,关键看它后面是代词、名词、名词性短语还是其他短语或分句。 再看几个句子: 4、不赂者以赂者丧。 5、赵王岂以一璧之故欺秦邪? 6、余是以记之,盖叹郦元之简,而笑李渤之陋也。 7、不以物喜,不以己悲。 8、古人之观于天地……往往有得,以其求思之深而无不在也。 9、诸侯以公子贤,多客,不敢加兵谋魏十余年。 以上几句中“赂者”“一璧之故”“物”都是名词或名词性短语,“是”“己”都是代词,与“以”一起构成介宾短语,分别修饰“丧”“欺”“喜”“记”“悲”,这几处的“以”均用作介词;“其求思之深而无不在”“公子贤,(公子)多客”,都是主谓短语,均构成分句,所以这两句中的“以”用作连词。 (2)、“与”,这里讨论意义为“和、同”的“与”。 看下面句中加点词语: 1、彼与彼年相若也,道相似也。 2、吾与之共知越国之政。 3、举天下之豪杰,莫能与之争。 4、与其妾讪其良人。 根据句意,几个“与”都翻译成“和”“同”,但用法却不同。1句“彼与彼”紧相连接,不能拆分,代词并列,可以互换位置,在句中共同作主语,这里的“与”用作连词。2句“吾与之”却不能前后互换,因为从上下文看,是说“吾”要采取的做法,而不是大家;且前后可以拆分,在“与之”前加“必”,

'以'作为因为意的时候介词与连词的区别

以作为因为意的时候介词与连词的区别 (2012-04-07 10:36:31) 转载▼ 分类:基础积累 标签: 教育 我们要明确现代汉语的“介词”和“连词”的意义,介词跟名词组成介宾短语作句子的状语(放在动词前面),而连词则起连接作用。我们看下面的例句: 1.赵王岂以一璧之故欺秦耶?因为《廉颇蔺相如列传》 2.诸侯以公子贤,多客,不敢加兵谋魏十余年。因为(《信陵君窃符救赵》)你看看这两个例句就可以看出哪个是介词哪个是连词了。 例1的中心动词时“欺”,句子的翻译是:赵王哪里能因为一块和氏璧的缘故欺骗秦国呢?这个句子的整体意义是强调“不敢欺骗秦国”,中心动词是“欺骗”,“以”与“一璧之故”构成介宾短语,作动词“欺”的状语,这个“以”译成“因为”,是介词。 例2是两个句子,,一是公子贤,多客,一是诸侯不敢加兵谋魏十余年,前者是后者的原因,全句的翻译是:诸侯因为公子贤能,有很多门客,(所以)对魏国不敢动用武力发动战争。这里的“以”(因为)是连接两个句子的,表达的是说明诸侯不敢动用武力的原因,所以,这个“以”是连词。 我们再看两个句子: 3.时操军兼以饥疫,死者太半。(《赤壁之战》) 4.顾吾念之,强秦之所以不敢加兵于赵者,徒以吾两人在也。《廉颇蔺相如列传》例3的“以”翻译成“因为”,但它是中心动词“死者”前面的修饰成分(原因),不起“连接”作用,是介词。 例4的“以”翻译成“因为”,它不是与“两人”一起组成介宾短语作“在”的修饰成分,而是“连接”“不敢加兵于赵”和“两人在”这两个句子,表明因果关系的,所以,这个“以”是连词。 其实,文言虚词理解的关键是语言环境,句子的上下文。 简单地讲 连词主要是用于连接前后两者的关系,因此在表达上往往会具有词性的相似性,或者表达方式上的承接关联性;注意:承接性 至于介词以字前后的词句往往也没有承接的关联,反而是一种使用于被使用的感觉。还有一点就是介词后只能带名词(名词性短语)或代词,不能带主谓短语。

介词连词区别

高考文言文选择题中的虚词题,即“意义和用法”异同题,学生比较容易出问题,尤其是特定语境下的“以”“与”,作介词还是连词,是学习中的难点。 首先,“以”这里讨论意义为“因为”的“以”。。 看下面句中的词语: 1、且以一璧之故逆强秦之欢,不可。 2、以其无礼于晋且贰于楚也。 3、则思无以怒而滥刑。 根据句意,三句中的“以”都表动作、行为发生的原因,均可译为“因为”“由于”,即两词“意义”相同。但,“一璧之故”中心词“故”,是名词性短语,所以从句法上来说,“以一璧之故”构成介宾短语,共同修饰句中动词“逆”,这里的“以”用作介词。 “其无礼于晋且贰于楚”则是主谓结构,“其无礼于晋且贰于楚”,介词后只能带名词或代词,不能带主谓短语,而且“晋侯秦伯围郑”已经构成单句形式,所以这里只能是连词,连接前后两个分句,相当于关联词语“因为”。所以两句话中的“以”意义相同而用法不同。“怒”是动词,前面是不用介词的,所以这里的“以”也是连词。 总之,区分表原因的“以”是介词还是连词,关键看它后面是代词、名词、名词性短语还是其他短语或分句。 再看几个句子: 4、不赂者以赂者丧。 5、赵王岂以一璧之故欺秦邪? 6、余是以记之,盖叹郦元之简,而笑李渤之陋也。 7、不以物喜,不以己悲。 8、古人之观于天地……往往有得,以其求思之深而无不在也。

9、诸侯以公子贤,多客,不敢加兵谋魏十余年。 以上几句中“赂者”“一璧之故”“物”都是名词或名词性短语,“是”“己”都是代词,与“以”一起构成介宾短语,分别修饰“丧”“欺”“喜”“记”“悲”,这几处的“以”均用作介词;“其求思之深而无不在”“公子贤,(公子)多客”,都是主谓短语,均构成分句,所以这两句中的“以”用作连词。 其次,“与”,这里讨论意义为“和、同”的“与”。 看下面句中加点词语: 1、彼与彼年相若也,道相似也。 2、吾与之共知越国之政。 3、举天下之豪杰,莫能与之争。 4、与其妾讪其良人。 根据句意,几个“与”都翻译成“和”“同”,但用法却不同。“彼与彼”紧相连接,不能拆分,代词并列,可以互换位置,在句中共同作主语,这里的“与”用作连词。“吾与之”却不能前后互换,因为从上下文看,是说“吾”要采取的做法,而不是大家;且前后可以拆分,在“与之”前加“必”,成为“吾必与之共知越国之政”,所以句中“与之”构成介宾短语,作“知”的谓语,“与”用作介词。3、4两句“与之”“与其妾”构成介宾短语,分别作“争”“讪”的谓语,这里的“与”都作介词,因为前面的成分可以省略,所以第4句“与”出现在了句子开头,而并列短语任何一部分都应同时出现,则连词“与”不能出现在句子开头。 总之,“与”是连词还是介词,一看前后是否并列关系,能否互换位置而基本意思不变,且在句中作同一句子成分;二看“与”前面是否出现或可否加入状语等其他成分;三看介词“与”是否出现在句子

介词和连词的区别

并列连词前后连接的一般是词性相同、能够并列在一起的成分。 也就是说,并列连词前面是名词,后面也一般是名词;前面是动词,后面也一般是动词;前面是代词,后面也一般是代词;前面是形容词,后面也一般是形容词;前面是一句话,后面跟着的也应该是一句话。 再讲一下介词与连词的区别吧! 介词——用在名词、代词或名词性词组的前面,合起来组成介宾短语,也称介词结构,用来修饰谓语动词,在句中做状语。常见的介词有“从、自、往、朝、在”等表示对象或方向的词。 连词——连接动词性词组或者句子,也可以用来连接两个并列的名词性、动词性成分或句子。常见的连词有“与、而且、但是、因为、如果”等等。 其实区分两者并不难,就是看这个词后面跟的是不是句子或者动词性词组,是句子或动词性词组的话,这个词就是连词。 如果后面跟的不是句子,就看看这个词前后是不是并列结构,如果是,那这个词就是连词;如果不是,这个词多半就是介词。保险起见,我们最好再看一下这个词加上后面的名词性成分能不能组成介词结构,是不是修饰句子中的谓语动词。如果是的话,那这个词就是介词啦。 按照惯例,接下来就该举例说明了。但在举例之前,我想先强调一个基本的知识点:一般来说,一句话能够成句,最核心的部分就是谓语动词。也就是说,一句话其他部分都可以省略,惟有谓语动词不能省略。 举个简单的例子: 甲:做我女朋友好吗? 乙:滚! 这里“滚”可单独成一句话,而其保留的最核心的部分,就是谓语动词部分。 好,我们就介词和连词的区别来举例说明。 例如“以其无礼于晋”一句,其中“以”是介词还是连词呢? 先看“以”后面连接的部分:“其无礼于晋”,“其”可作主语,“无礼”是个动词,可作谓语,有主有谓,已经能够成为一个完整独立的句子啦。所以,“以”在这里连接的是一个句子,因而应看作连词。 再看其中的“于”,“于”在这句话中是介词还是连词呢? “于”后面连接“晋”,用来修饰“无礼”,表示“无礼”的状态:“怎么无礼呢”,原来是“于【对】晋无礼”。“于”在此处连接“晋”组成介词结构,修饰谓语动词“无礼”,做状语。所以,“于”在这句话中是介词。 另外,“无礼于晋”还是一个倒装句,正常语序应为“于晋无礼”,这就是传说中的介词结构后置。

介词和连词以的区别

首先,我们要明确现代汉语的“介词”和“连词”的意义,介词跟名词组成介宾短语作句子的状语(放在动词前面),或者是和代词和名词性短语连用,做补语或定语 而连词则起连接作用。此词前后有一定的逻辑关系。 并列、承接、因果、递进、假设、转折、目的、选择 我们看下面的例句: 1.赵王岂以一璧之故欺秦耶?因为《廉颇蔺相如列传》 2.诸侯以公子贤,多客,不敢加兵谋魏十余年。因为(《信陵君窃符救赵》)你看看这两个例句就可以看出哪个是介词哪个是连词了。例1的中心动词时“欺”,句子的翻译是:赵王哪里能因为一块和氏璧的缘故欺骗秦国呢?这个句子的整体意义是强调“不敢欺骗秦国”,中心动词是“欺骗”,“以”与“一璧之故”构成介宾短语,作动词“欺”的状语,这个“以”译成“因为”,是介词。例2是两个句子,,一是公子贤,多客,一是诸侯不敢加兵谋魏十余年,前者是后者的原因,全句的翻译是:诸侯因为公子贤能,有很多门客,(所以)对魏国不敢动用武力发动战争。这里的“以”(因为)是连接两个句子的,表达的是说明诸侯不敢动用武力的原因,所以,这个“以”是连词。我们再看两个句子: 3.时操军兼以饥疫,死者太半。(《赤壁之战》) 4.顾吾念之,强秦之所以不敢加兵于赵者,徒以吾两人在也。《廉颇蔺相如列传》例3的“以”翻译成“因为”,但它是中心动词“死者”前面的修饰成分(原因),不起“连接”作用,是介词。例4的“以”翻译成“因为”,它不是与“两人”一起组成介宾短语作“在”的修饰成分,而是“连接”“不敢加兵于赵”和

“两人在”这两个句子,表明因果关系的,所以,这个“以”是连词。其实,文言虚词理解的关键是语言环境,句子的上下文。 所以,介词后边只能加名词、代词和名词性短语 而连词既可加这些,有可加动词、动词性短语、句子

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档