电动汽车充电桩设计外文文献翻译最新译
文
With the world facing a shortage of oil resources and the challenge of global warming。the development of low carbon vehicles has XXX in the 21st century。As such。the development of electric XXX。the study of the design of electric vehicle charging piles and their control methods is of great importance.
2 XXX Infrastructure
The XXX part of the electric car industry chain。Without a well-designed charging infrastructure。the development of electric vehicles will be XXX。it is XXX on the design of electric vehicle charging piles and their control methods。Equilibrium control and puter XXX.
3 Design of Electric Vehicle Charging Pile
The design of the electric XXX。efficiency。and convenience。The charging pile should be designed to be user-
friendly and easy to operate。It should also be equipped with safety features to XXX do not occur during the charging process.
4 Equilibrium Control of XXX Charging Pile
Equilibrium control XXX of the design of electric XXX is operating at an optimal level。without XXX。This can be achieved through the use of advanced control algorithms。which can monitor the XXX.
5 Human-Computer XXX
puter XXX of the design of electric XXX charging pile should be designed to be easy to use。with clear XXX。It should also be equipped with features such as remote monitoring and control。which can XXX.
In n。the design of electric vehicle charging piles and their control methods are crucial for the development of the electric
XXX part of the electric car industry chain and cannot be ignored。Equilibrium control and puter XXX in the design of electric XXX.
Countries around the world are XXX。with the term "low carbon" being well-known。Carbon XXX issue。and the XXX。the industry's carbon XXX rise。and in order to balance industry development and environmental concerns。XXX.
Given the shortage of global oil resources and the XXX global warming。the global auto industry must adopt uniform standards for carbon XXX。This will lead to better development of the industry as a whole。Electric cars have many advantages over nal petrol-powered cars。XXX。are more efficient。produce less noise。and have lower running costs。These XXX.
XXX: power batteries and charging infrastructure。The power system is composed of a drive motor and drive system。while a coordinated control system ensures safe。efficient。XXX power grid。XXX。
The development of electric XXX sufficient charging ns。drivers may be deterred from purchasing an electric vehicle due to concerns about running out of power on long trips。Therefore。it
is XXX ork to support the growing number of electric vehicles on the road。
There are several types of electric vehicle charging infrastructure。including home charging。public charging。and fast charging。Home charging is XXX for electric vehicle owners。as it allows them to XXX shopping centers and parking lots。providing a convenient n for drivers on the go。Fast charging
XXX of minutes。making them ideal for long-distance travel。
XXX charging infrastructure。the development of smart
XXX is also essential for the XXX charging systems XXX XXX and peak demand。as well as XXX carbon XXX。the development of smart XXX will play a critical role in XXX system。
XXX。the development of electric vehicle charging infrastructure is essential for the XXX。along with the development of smart XXX。will support the growing number of electric vehicles on the road and help to ce carbon XXX.
Charging infrastructure consists of charging XXX infrastructure have advantages and disadvantages。and the XXX charging ns producing 600V/300A charging piles are suitable for high-speed service areas and other places with high power XXX。charging XXX and manage than charging piles。and their size should be XXX。quick charging XXX。charging XXX charging a small amount of public transport services。Charging piles are XXX supermarkets。parking lots。and XXX。XXX。charging piles may not be XXX charging piles provide service charge for private cars with a power of about 3-5 kW。and charging time ranges from 5-10 hours.
XXX。there is a lack of n in charging infrastructure。XXX makes it difficult for electric vehicle (EV) drivers to find charging ns and slows down the n of EVs.
Secondly。the cost of installing charging infrastructure is high。XXX is lower and the cost of infrastructure is higher.
Thirdly。the charging time for EVs is still longer than that of nal vehicles。which can be XXX for drivers who are used to XXX
of minutes。This is partly due to the limited capacity of current batteries。but also because of the ns of charging infrastructure.
To address these challenges。several XXX to create a more uniform market.
In n。research is being XXX。some companies are developing ultra-fast charging XXX minutes.
Overall。while the current charging system faces challenges。there are efforts underway to address them and XXX investment and research。the charging system will XXX efficient and accessible。making EVs a more viable n for drivers.
In recent years。the charging system has XXX。This progress includes the development of control technology。
artificial intelligence。XXX As a result。charging products have
e more nal。safer。XXX。the field bus technology。such as
RS485 and LIN bus。has diversified the means of n。increased speed。and XXX.
XXX and hydroelectric power。XXX。three-quarters of the XXX power plants。and one-XXX。the automobile industry in France has developed。leading to the country being one of the first to promote the development and use of electric cars。The French government has collaborated with EDF。Renault。PSA (Renault) motors。XXX is one such company that has produced small electric vehicles and built 12 charging ns。including three fast and nine common charging ns。which have been in use and tested for over two years.
Japan has been a leader in new energy vehicles。and the Tokyo Electric Power Company has XXX charging time for electric cars。making it possible to popularize XXX design and control of the n of the charging infrastructure have been a focus。First Solar。a company in the United States。has built five fast charging XXX charging of electric vehicles in 3.5 hours under the n of 240 v / 240A.
As XXX。XXX consumers。charging piles must have XXX.
Firstly。charging XXX power supply。This is essential to ensure that the charging process is not interrupted。which could cause inconvenience to the user。In n。the charging pile should have a high XXX.
Secondly。charging piles should have a user-friendly interface。The n of the charging pile should be simple and easy to understand。even for those who are not familiar with electric vehicles。The interface should display the charging status clearly。including the charging time。charging power。and remaining charging time.
Thirdly。charging piles should have a high level of safety。This is particularly important as electric vehicles use high-XXX charging pile should have multiple safety features。such as overcurrent n。overvoltage n。XXX。the charging pile XXX.
Finally。charging piles should be compatible with different types of electric vehicles。This means that the charging pile should be able to charge different models of electric vehicles。
regardless of their power and XXX。the charging pile should have a universal charging interface that can be used by all electric vehicles.
In n。charging XXX role in the development of electric vehicles。To meet the needs of consumers。charging piles must have a stable and reliable power supply。a user-friendly interface。
a high level of safety。XXX.
As electric passenger cars XXX。n is also being given to the corresponding XXX charging pile in management and n。it is
XXX vehicle charging piles must have several main ns。including guaranteeing the normal n of the system。necessary monitoring
and n measures。XXX a system failure occurs。the charging power supply should be cut off quickly to ensure the personal safety of users XXX。with modular structures that can handle more than one event in parallel processing。Important ns such as logins。control。and exits should have corresponding records。and charging piles should XXX.
In n。charging piles should use a graphical interface in Chinese。allowing users to easily understand and self-help with charging ns。Users can query charging times。ns。XXX charging pile should derive electricity n from watt-hour meters and calculate the amount spent by the user。with the ability to save data backups and send them to the background monitoring system。The charging pile system XXX.
XXX of the development of electric vehicles。The charging pile system XXX charging equipment。XXX。and a power grid。The charging XXX current from the power grid into direct current for charging the XXX and the management platform。The power grid is XXX of the power supply.
The design of the charging pile system should take into account the needs of different types of electric vehicles and their charging requirements。For example。the charging power of a XXX than that of a hybrid electric XXX。the charging pile system XXX.
In n。the charging pile system should also XXX charging equipment should have us n ns。XXX。overcurrent n。XXX ork should be able to monitor the charging process in real-time and provide timely feedback to the management platform in case of
any XXX.
Moreover。the charging pile system should also XXX charging pile should be easy to XXX charging process should also be fast and efficient to meet the needs of users.
In n。XXX for the development of electric vehicles。The design should take into account the needs of different types of electric vehicles。the safety and reliability of the charging process。and the XXX charging pile system。the development and n of XXX.
The electric car charging pile is a device used to supply power to electric vehicles。It can be either AC or DC powered。with AC working voltage at 220V or 380V。Depending on the type of electric vehicle。the corresponding charging voltage grade XXX charging pile takes about 4 to 5 hours to fully charge。
The DC charging pile uses three-phase four-wire AC380V
with a frequency of 50Hz。providing XXX quick charging。It has an adjustable DC output。making it possible to XXX charging pile。concentrator。battery management system。charging management platform。and other components complement each other。XXX。
The Battery Management System (BMS) interacts with the charging posts controller in real-time to monitor the battery voltage。current。temperature state parameters。and forecast the capacity (SOC) of batteries。This helps avoid bad phenomena such as
over-discharge。overcharge。overheating。XXX storage capacity and cycle life of assurance。
The service management platform is XXX management of n related to electric car battery charge。IC。XXX management and n。as well as XXX。the charging pile has an LCD display that shows important n such as the charging time。charging power。and the amount payable.
XXX。XXX is the main cause of XXX。XXX.
XXX。Common methods include constant current and constant voltage charging。as well as charging in stages。While the constant current charging method is simple。it is important to note that rechargeable batteries can only accept a certain amount of current during the charging process。XXX water。XXX.
The constant voltage charging method。on the other hand。can cause early charging current to be too large。leading to XXX。this method can cause the XXX。rendering the battery useless.
The phase charging method。which combines constant current and constant voltage charging。is a more commonly used method that includes two-stage and three-phase charging methods。By using this method。the battery XXX.
在当前全球石油资源短缺和气候变暖的形势下，低碳汽车成为了汽车产业的新发展方向。因此，世界各国都在提倡节能环保，汽车行业也逐渐转向低碳领域。为了平衡行业的上升发展和环保减排，汽车行业需要进行转型。全球汽车行业统一的
标准将参照碳排放标准，以更好地发展全球汽车工业。电动汽车相比传统汽车，具有污染气体排放量少、高能效、低噪声、低运行成本等优点，在缓解大气污染及能源紧缺方面具有重要意义。
电动汽车的关键技术主要包括能源系统和动力系统，以及整车控制系统。其中，充电装置是电动车不可或缺的部分，其功能是将电网的电能转化为电动车的动力。因此，在大力发展电动汽车产业的同时，充分兼顾充电设施的发展显得十分必要。
3电动汽车充电桩的设计及控制方法
电动汽车充电桩的设计主要包括硬件设计和软件设计两个方面。硬件设计需要考虑充电桩的外观设计、充电桩的安装位置、充电桩的安全性等问题。软件设计需要考虑充电桩的均衡控制、人机交互等问题。充电桩的均衡控制是指在多个充电桩同时充电的情况下，确保每个充电桩的充电电量相等，以延长电池的使用寿命。人机交互包括充电桩的界面设计、操作流程等，需要考虑用户的使用体验。
为了保证电动汽车充电桩的正常运行，需要对其进行定期维护和保养。维护包括检查充电桩的硬件和软件是否正常，保养包括清洁充电桩外观和内部零部件等。
总之，电动汽车充电桩的设计及其控制方法研究对于电动汽车产业的发展至关重要。在未来，随着电动汽车的普及，电动汽车充电桩的需求将会越来越大。因此，电动汽车充电桩的设计和控制方法的研究将成为电动汽车产业链中不可忽视的重要组成部分。
充电设施包括充电站和充电桩。充电站通常配备快速充电插头和少量慢速充电桩。一些城市计划在公共场所如住宅小区、停车场和超市等建设充电桩。需要根据实际情况选择适合本地的设施种类。快充模式主要应用于充电站，具有充电时间短、效率高的优点。在高速公路服务区和大型充电站等地，使用的电源多是能产生600V/300A直流电的充电桩。充电桩需要考
虑使用环境等因素，只有在产生较高电压和较大电流，功率也较大（约100KW）时，才能保证电动汽车的充电效率。因此，充电站的建设和管理成本高于充电桩，规模应相当于加油站。快充模式会对电池造成较大的损伤，因此只适用于为少量的公共交通工具提供充电服务。充电桩占地面积小，成本低，适合
在城市中的超市、停车场、住宅小区等车辆密集停放的区域建设。慢充模式的充电桩需要很小的电流，保障其安全性能，对电池使用寿命的延长很有益处。但是，这种模式的缺点是在车辆有紧急运行需求时，不能及时实现充电。家用充电桩提供220V/16A的交流电源，使用体积小且操作简单的车载充电机。这种充电桩主要为私家车提供充电服务，功率约为3~5千瓦，充电时间需要5~10小时。
近年来，充电系统在产品和技术两个方面都取得了较好的进展。充电产品随着控制技术、人工智能等先进技术的发展，摆脱了单一型，朝着多功能、更安全智能的方向发展。同时，现场工业总线技术的发展，如CAN、RS485、LIN总线，使得监控系统的通信手段多样化、高速化、安全化。
法国多用核能和水力发电，其发电能力充足。据统计，法国总发电量的四分之三来自核电站，六分之一来自水电站。因此，法国的发电源干净、电价便宜，汽车工业也十分发达。因此，法国是世界上最早研制和推广电动汽车的国家之一。法国政府协同EDF（法国电力）公司，并与XXX、XXX）汽车公
司等多家公司合作，开发电动汽车。在LaRocheHe（拉罗切
里市）投资生产了小型4座电动汽车50辆，并建造了12座
（包括3座快速和9座普通）充电站，目前已经投入使用并进行了超过2年的试验。
日本的新能源汽车一直处于世界领先水平，XXX已宣布
其成功研发出大型快速充电器，该充电器缩短了充电时间，这对日本电动汽车普及提供了较大的可能性。
美国的XXX最早在加州的高速上建造了5座快速充电桩，能够在240V/ 70A条件下，于3.5小时内完成对电动汽车的充电。对于充电桩的功能需求，需要满足快速充电、安全可靠、多样化的通信手段等要求。
随着电动汽车的普及，充电设施的重要性也日益凸显。为了让充电桩能够实现安全、智能的充电，需要对其功能需求有深入了解。首先，充电桩必须具备电气保护装置，以确保系统发生故障时能够快速切断充电电源，保证用户的人身安全。其次，充电桩应该采用模块化结构，以便局部故障不会影响整个系统的正常运行。此外，充电桩还必须具备并行处理多个事件的能力，以提高其效率。
为了保证充电桩的可靠运行，所有重要操作都必须有相应记录，并允许对记录进行查询和统计。此外，充电桩还必须具备安全防护机制，以确保系统数据和信息不被窃取和破坏。为了方便用户操作，充电桩应该采用全中文图形交互界面，并能够提供历史数据查询、充电报表打印等功能。
最后，充电桩应该能够依据电能表中导出的电量信息计算用户充电所花费的金额，并能够将数据保存备份，以便发送到后台监控系统。同时，充电桩系统应该能够实行梯形计费机制，以实现合理用电，建设低碳地球，节约资源。
综上所述，充电桩系统的整体设计应该兼顾安全性、可靠性、便捷性和节能性，以满足电动汽车普及的需求。
电动汽车充电桩使用交、直流供电方式。交流工作电压为220V或380V，可根据不同型号的电动车采用相应电压等级进行充电。普通纯电动轿车需要4~5小时才能充满电。直流充电桩输入电压为三相四线AC380V，频率为50HZ，输出为可调
直流电，可满足快充要求。
充电桩系统由电动汽车充电桩、集中器、电池管理系统、充电管理平台等组成。电池管理系统(BMS)实时与充电桩控制器进行信息交互，以监控电池的状态参数、预测电池容量(SOC)、避免电池出现不良现象，从而最大化电池的存储能力和循环寿命。
服务管理平台对电动汽车电池信息、IC卡信息以及充电桩信息进行集中管理，主要功能包括充电管理和运营、综合查询等。为了方便人机交互，充电桩上都配有液晶显示屏，可显示重要信息，如充电时间、充电电量、应付金额等。
综上所述，电动汽车充电桩系统是由多个部件组成的，每个部件都有自己的功能，相互协作，使得电动汽车能够快速、安全、高效地进行充电。
文献出处:Pollet G. The research of electric car charging system and controller [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2015, 5(3): 235-249. 原文 The research of electric car charging system and controller Pollet G Abstract This paper puts forward the whole bridge main circuit topology and PWM control method effectively improves the reliability of the charging system and efficiency. Put forward and realized based on digital signal processing chip controller circuit intelligent PI control algorithm and variable parameters, significantly improve the control precision of the charging system voltage, current and response characteristics. Double proposes a CAN bus and RS - 485 bus communication network, realized the distributed control of the process of charging, the charging operation is flexible and reliable. Due to be able to provide a communication interface to battery management system and algorithm, charging system according to the state change of battery charging mode, optimizing the charging mode. The success of the charging system has important theoretical significance and engineering value. Keywords: Electric cars; Charging system, PWM, Intelligent PI, Distributed control 1 Introduction Electric car, it is all or part of the electric drive system of power car, compared with conventional cars powered by gasoline as, electric cars in such aspects as environmental protection, clean, energy-saving occupy obvious advantages. Now each big international automobile manufacturer have invested a lot of money and manpower to electric car research and development, a variety of the electric car prototype appeared frequently, some have reached high industrialization scale. Now the development of the electric car industry has formed a hybrid vehicles, pure battery-powered electric vehicles (electric cars) and three main direction of fuel cell electric vehicles. Pure electric vehicle itself is not harmful gas emissions, can make full use of surplus power in the evening, improve the efficiency of energy utilization, and improve the economic benefit. Pure electric vehicles completely eliminate
文献出处Hawkins S. The design of the electric vehicle charging pile [J]. SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains, 2015，5（3）: 213-221. 原文 The design of the electric vehicle charging pile Abstract In the world's oil resources shortage and the grim situation of global warming, the construction of low carbon vehicles will become the auto industry a new development direction. Current research of electric vehicles around the world has entered the white-hot. People try to make it become a mainstream in the 21st century the development of the automobile. Electric vehicle charging infrastructure is an important part of the electric car industry chain can not be ignored in, at the same time of developing electric vehicle industry also should fully take into account the development of the charging infrastructure, so the design of electric vehicle charging pile and its control method of study is very necessary. Keywords: Electric vehicle charging pile; Equilibrium control; The human-computer interaction 1 Introduction Countries in the world to promote energy conservation and environmental protection, of which the word "low carbon" everyone not unfamiliar, carbon emissions in today's car is bigger, the industry also gradually focus on low carbon field. The auto industry's carbon emission is higher and higher. To be raising industry development and the balance of environmental emissions, the automobile industry faced with the transformation of development. In the world's oil resources shortage and the serious situation of global warming, the global auto industry uniform standards will reference to carbon emissions standards, leading the global auto industry development better. Electric cars compared to traditional petrol powered cars, in terms of environmental protection and energy saving shows the outstanding advantages. The electric car has many advantages, such as less pollution emissions, high efficiency, low noise, low running cost, etc., it has these advantages in reducing air pollution and energy shortage is of great significance.
汽车造型设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、 外文翻译 Car Modeling Design When it comes to car modeling。people often think of the external appearance of the car。even though car XXX。it is undeniable that the appearance of a car is the most XXX。The design of a car model involves a range of aspects。XXX。art。 and market demand。to meet the consumers' XXX。 To create a successful car model。designers must consider a variety of factors。such as the target audience。the intended use of the car。and the latest trends in the market。They must also be XXX them into the design。 In n to the external appearance。the r design of a car is also XXX car model。The r design must be nal and comfortable。 while also being XXX。This requires a balance een XXX。
本科毕业设计（论文） 外文参考文献译文及原文 学院信息工程学院 专业信息工程(电子信息工程方向) 年级班别2004级（4）班 学号3104002975 学生姓名陈英权 指导教师刘喜英 2008年 6 月5 日
目录 外文参考文献译文 1锁相环 (1) 1.1锁相特性 (1) 1.2历史与应用 (2) 1.3其它应用 (4) 2光通信元件 (5) 2.1光纤 (5) 2.2调制器和检测器 (6) 外文参考文献原文 1Phase Lock Loop (9) 1.1Nature of Phaselock (9) 1.2History and Application (10) 1.3Other Applications (13) 2Optical Communication Components (14) 2.1The Optical Fiber (14) 2.2Modulators and Detectors (17)
1锁相环 1.1锁相特性 锁相环包含三个组成部分： 1、相位检测器（PD）。 2、环路滤波器。 3、压控振荡器（VCO），其频率由外部电压控制。 相位检测器将一个周期输入信号的相位与压控振荡器的相位进行比较。相位检测器的输出是它两个输入信号之间相位差的度量。差值电压由环路滤波后，再加到压控振荡器上。压控振荡器的控制电压使频率朝着减小输入信号与本振之间相位差的方向改变。 当锁相环处于锁定状态时，控制电压使压控振荡器的频率正好等于输入信号频率的平均值。对于输入信号的每一周期，振荡器输出也变化一周，且仅仅变化一周。锁相环的一个显而易见的应用是自动频率控制（AFC）。用这种方法可以获得完美的频率控制，而传统的自动频率控制技术不可避免地存在某些频率误差。 为了保持锁定环路所需的控制电压，通常要求相位检测器有一个非零的输出，所以环路是在有一些相位误差条件下工作的。不过实际上对于一个设计良好的环路这种误差很小。 一个稍微不同的解释可提供理解环路工作原理的更好说明。让我们假定输入信号的相位或频率上携带了信息，并且此信号不可避免地受到加性噪声地干扰。锁相接收机的作用是重建原信号而尽可能地去除噪声。 为了重建原始信号，接收机使用一个输出频率与预计信号频率非常接近的本机振荡器。本机振荡和输入信号的波形由相位检测器比较，其误差输出表示瞬时相位差。为了抑制噪声，误差在一定的时间间隔内被平均，将此平均值用于建立振荡器的频率。 如果原信号状态良好（频率稳定），本机振荡器只需要极少信息就能实现跟踪，此信息可通过长时间的平均得到，从而消除可能很强的噪声。环路输入是含噪声的信号，而压控振荡器输出却是一个纯净的输入信号（的复本）。所以，有理由认为环路是一种传输信号并抑制噪声的滤波器。
翻译原文 (4) Photovoltaic (PV) Electric Systems (4) The Advantages of Mitsubishi Solar Panels (5) 1光伏电力系统 光伏电力系统利用太阳能电池吸收太阳光线，并将这种能量转化成电能。这个系统让广大家庭通过一种清洁，可靠，平静的方式来产生电能，这样就可以补偿将来的部分电能支出，也减少了对输电网的依赖。 太阳能电池一般是由经改进的硅，或者其他能够吸收阳光并将之转化成电能的半导体材料制成。太阳能电池是相当耐用的（1954年在美国安装的第一个光伏电力系统至今仍在运营）。绝大多数的生厂商都担保自己的产品的电源输出至少维持20年。但大多数的有关太阳能研究的专家认为一个光伏电力系统至少能维持25到30年。 1.1 太阳能电池的类型 目前有单晶硅，多晶硅和薄膜三种基本形式的光伏组件。这些类型的电池工作效率都很好但单晶硅电池效率最好。薄膜技术的电池以成本低为特色，而且伴随着太阳能电池板的发展它的效率也在不断地提高。越来越多的生厂商以及各种各样的电池型号在当今市场上出现。一个太阳能技术的支持者可以帮你分析各个系统的利弊，如此你就可以得到为你所用数十年的最佳的系统设计方案。 1.2光伏电力系统如何运作 光电板通常安装在建筑物顶部，通过逆变器来引到建筑物中。逆变器将通过太阳能板产生的直流电转化成交流电，而在当今美国交流电是向建筑提供电动力的主要形式。朝南方向的太阳能板能使能量的收集效果最大化，大部分都是与建筑物顶部成60度的位置安放太阳能电池。 有关太阳能电池发电的更多的信息，可以查询Cooler Planet’s的《太阳能电池如何工作》。 朝南方向的太阳能板能使能量的收集效果最大化，大部分都是与建筑物顶部
新能源汽车外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) 电动车：正在进行的绿色交通革命？ 随着世界上持续的能源危机，战争和石油消费以及汽车数量的增加，能源日益减少，有一天它会消失得无影无踪。石油并不是可再生资源。在石油消耗枯竭之前必须找到一种能源与之替代。随着科技的发展和社会进步，电动车的发明将会有效的缓解这一燃眉之急。电动汽车将成为理想的交通工具。 面临能源成本居高不下、消费者和政府更加重视环境保护的情况下，世界汽车制造商正加大对可替代能源性混合动力汽车技术的开发投资。该技术能极大削减燃料消费，减少温室气体排放。许多人把目光投向了日本和美国的汽车制造商，关心他们开发混合动力和电池电动车的进展情况。丰田普锐斯一跃成为世界上销量最好的混合动力车。美国的新兴汽车制造商，Tesla Motors，推出了该公司首部电池电力车，名为Tesla Roadster。截至2010年底，
通用汽车公司计划推出备受赞誉的V olt混合动力汽车，而克莱斯勒公司最近已经宣布同样的计划正在进行之中。 目前，中国在新能源汽车的自主创新过程中，坚持了政府支持，以核心技术、关键部件和系统集成为重点的原则，确立了以混合电动汽车、纯电动汽车、燃料电池汽车为“三纵”，以整车控制系统、电机驱动系统、动力蓄电池/燃料电池为“三横”的研发布局，通过产学研紧密合作，中国混合动力汽车的自主创新取得了重大进展。形成了具有完全自主知识产权的动力系统技术平台，建立了混合动力汽车技术开发体系。混合动力汽车的核心是电池（包括电池管理系统）技术。除此之外，还包括发动机技术、电机控制技术、整车控制技术等，发动机和电机之间动力的转换和衔接也是重点。从目前情况来看，中国已经建立起了混合动力汽车动力系统技术平台和产学研合作研发体系，取得了一系列突破性成果，为整车开发奠定了坚实的基础。截止到2009年1月31日，在混合动力车辆技术领域，中国知识产权局受理并公开的中国专利申请为1116件。在1116件专利申请中，发明为782件（授权为107件）、实用新型为334件。 同美国、日本、中国以及和其他国家一样，欧洲的一部分国家也宣布了关于采用推广电动车的大胆的计划，包括财政激励、资助电池和电动车的研究、还有关于充电基础设施的调配分布计划。像伦敦和巴黎这样的主要城市已经宣布了电动车共享系统，而拥有大型自有车队的公共管理部门和公司需要采购电动车。 与此同时，公用事业、汽车制造商、电池生产商和学者等共同参与发起了如欧盟电动汽车工作队和EpoSS——欧洲技术平台的智能系统一体化等项目。协同欧洲投资银行一起，欧盟委员会已经推出了欧洲绿色汽车计划，这
电动汽车充电桩设计外文文献翻译最新译 文 With the world facing a shortage of oil resources and the challenge of global warming。the development of low carbon vehicles has XXX in the 21st century。As such。the development of electric XXX。the study of the design of electric vehicle charging piles and their control methods is of great importance. 2 XXX Infrastructure The XXX part of the electric car industry chain。Without a well-designed charging infrastructure。the development of electric vehicles will be XXX。it is XXX on the design of electric vehicle charging piles and their control methods。Equilibrium control and puter XXX. 3 Design of Electric Vehicle Charging Pile The design of the electric XXX。efficiency。and convenience。The charging pile should be designed to be user-
统控制器14输入信号优选地通过控制器局域网（CAN）总线提供，但是可以采取离散传感器信号输入，串行通信线路等的形式。车辆动态控制器10转向提供高优先级控制命令18，用于超越，修改或适应子系统控制器14的正常控制，以便实现增强各个子系统致动器13的控制的车辆动态性。 车辆动态控制器10包括适于实现促进软件组件的再使用，应用开发时间和成本降低，可维护性和多个车辆平台适配等的期望目标的各种结构化处理层。重要的是，本发明不仅提高了大规模控制应用软件组件的可重用性，而且提高了车辆接口，信号调节，内部总线结构和输出处理的可重用性。 从图1中的车辆动力学控制器10的左侧开始，在图1中，示出了信号处理层15 与来自车辆11，子系统致动器13和子系统控制器14的各种输入信号16接口连接。信号处理层15经由内部传感器总线22通信耦合到过程输入层17。输入层17还经由内部车辆动态性总线26通信耦合到车辆动力学/驾驶员意图层19，这两者在下文中描述。过程输入层17又经由内部输入总线24与车辆动力学/驾驶员意图层19通信耦合。车辆动力学/驾驶员意图层19还经由内部传感器总线22与信号处理层15通信耦合。车辆动力学/驾驶员意图层19又经由内部车辆动态性总线26耦合到控制系统层21.控制系统层21还经由内部传感器总线22通信耦合到信号处理层15并经由内部输入总线24处理输入层17。系统层21又通过内部控制总线28与处理输出层23通信耦合。处理输出层23还通过内部输入总线24与处理输入层17通信耦合。处理输出层23进而通信耦合到命令处理层25.最后，命令处理层25又经由CAN总线20通信耦合到各个子系统控制器14，以提供先前描述的控制命令18。 从车辆动态控制器10的先前描述可以理解，所描述的层提供软件划分，包括在车辆接口，信号调节，内部总线结构和输出处理，以提供上述优点。层独立性允许用于开发和维护的一个或多个层或软件组件的期望的模块化和分解/重组，而对任何剩余的层或软件组件没有实质影响。层间总线提供对在开发（例如用于调试和仪器）中有用的不同级别的输入和输出信号以及在车辆动态控制器内部和外部的不同程度的改进数据的精确利用的期望访问。图1的车辆动力学控制器的总体级分解的可用性10以及如此构造的经由内部总线的结构化层间访问实现和促进软件组件重用，应用开发时间和成本降低，可维护性和多个车辆平台适配的目标。 关于参考图1描述的车辆动态控制器10的各个层和层间通信的附加细节。现在将参考其余的附图来阐述图1。2-6。 开始。如图2所示，信号处理层15包括功能块31，用于从包括来自车辆11，致动器13和子系统控制器14的传感器或派生物读取基于CAN的信号。块31通过内部接收通信耦合到CAN 输入转换功能块33 CAN总线32.块31和33读取信号，通过适当的电平诊断确保准确性和鲁棒性，并将CAN信号转换为工程单位原始输入以供后续层使用。块33通信耦合到内部传感器总线22，用于将输入与过程输入层17，车辆动力学/驾驶员意图层19和控制系统层21通
新能源汽车外文翻译文献 Electric Cars: XXX? As the XXX crises。wars。and increasing oil n。the need for alternative XXX not a renewable resource。and we must find a replacement before XXX and social progress。the n of electric cars XXX. Faced with high XXX costs。growing XXX。XXX and American automakers。XXX Prius has e the world's best-selling hybrid car。Tesla Motors。a new American automaker。has launched its first battery-powered car。the Tesla Roadster。As of the end of 2010.XXX hybrid car。and XXX a similar plan is underway. Currently。XXX vehicles。XXX。key components。and system n。They have established a research institute with "three verticals" of hybrid electric vehicles。pure electric vehicles。and fuel cell vehicles。and "three horizontals" of vehicle control
电动汽车充电桩设计课题研究背景及其意义及充电系统国内外研究现状 1.1课题研究背景及其意义 随着不可再生能源的不断消耗，即将到来的能源危机迫使各国更加重视新 能源的开发。作为一个国家经济发展重要支柱的汽车产业一直是一个高能源消 耗产业。现在越来越多的人拥有家用汽车，可以预见在将来人们对石油资源的 需求将会越来越大。节能与新能源汽车是汽车产业解决能源问题的重要突破口， 将成为拉动国内经济增长的一个新兴产业。我国目前己经是世界第一的汽车产 销国，今后一端时间内汽车需求量仍将继续保持增长的势头，由此带来的能源 问题将更加严重，汽车产业急需升级和转型来应对此问题。
所以大力发展节能 与新能源汽车，既是有效化解能源危机的重要手段，也是缩短我国与发达国家 在汽车产业上的差距，实现国内汽车自主创新的重要举措。 要真正实现电动汽车的大面积普及和使用，我国还有很长的路要走，要解 决的问题还有很多。2012年4月国家发发布了《节能与新能源汽车产业发展规 划(2012一2020年)》,规划指出今后将以纯电动汽车作为主要的战略取向,其主 要任务包括了积极推进充电设施建设，因地制宜建设慢速充电桩、公共快速充 换电设施。与传统的充电站相比，电动汽车充电桩占地面积很少，路边只需要1平方的空地就能建设一个充电桩，成本很低，很适合在城市中的超市、停车场、住宅小区等车辆密集停放的区域建设。 近几年来国家出台了一系列电动汽车方面的优惠政策
和措施推动了电动汽 车及其配套基础充电设施的飞速发展。 (1)2001年“十五”863计划电动汽车重大科技专项[3]; (2)2006年“十一五”863计划节能与新能源汽车重大项目; (3)2009年1月“十城千辆节能与新能源汽车示范推广应用工程”，对试 点城市新能源汽车补贴，促进试点城市充电基础设施建设; (4)2012年《电动汽车科技发展“十二五”专项规划》 [5]，促进能源供 给基础设施平台建设; (5)2012年《节能与新能源汽车产业发展规划(2012一2020年)》，积 极推进充电设施建设，因地制宜建设电动汽车充电桩设施。
新国标电动汽车的直流充电桩控制系统设计 孙涛;曹淑琴 【摘要】根据目前国内电动汽车直流快充的现状,设计出了符合新国标 GB/T18487.1-2015等5项国家标准的电动汽车直流快速充电桩.首先介绍了目前电动汽车充电方式的现状和新国标的特点,在此基础上,按照新国标的要求,提出了充电桩控制系统的总体设计架构,并从硬件和软件两个方面详细描述了有关设计.充电桩控制以STM32F103VE单片机作为核心,以μC/OS Ⅱ为嵌入式操作系统的底层控制程序,实现充电协议与输出控制功能.人机交互以WinCE触摸显示模组为核心,基于WinCE的人机交互界面,实现充电计费和操作指引功能.%According to the situation of DC charging pile for electronic vehicles in the domestic,a DC charging pile for electronic vehiclesis designed,that confirmes five national standards including GB/T18487.1-2015 etc.Firstly,the situation of DC charging pile and features of new national standard are introduced.And based on requests of new national standard,a structure of charging pile is designed and some project details from hardware and software are introduced.The charging pile takes STM32F103VE as the control core.And the μC/OS Ⅱ is used as the low-layer control program of embedded operating system.It achieves charging protocol and output control.The human-computer interface takes the WinCE touch display module as the core.It implementes the charging and operation guide function. 【期刊名称】《单片机与嵌入式系统应用》 【年(卷),期】2018(018)002
China Hybrid Electric Vehicle Development With the depletion of oil resources, increase awareness of environmental protection, hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles will become the first decades of the new century, the development of mainstream cars and automobile industry become the consensus of all of the industry. The Chinese government also has the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) specifically listed, including hybrid vehicles, including electric cars of major projects. At present, China's independent innovation of new energy vehicles in the process, adhere to the government support to core technology, key components and system integration focusing on the principles established in hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles as a "three vertical " To vehicle control systems, motor drive systems, power battery / fuel cell for the "three horizontal" distribution of R & D, through close links between production cooperation, China's independent innovation of hybrid cars has made significant progress. With completely independent intellectual property rights form the power system technology platform, established a hybrid electric vehicle technology development. Is the core of hybrid vehicles batteries (including battery management system) technology. In addition, also include engine technology, motor control, vehicle control technology, engine and electrical interface between the power conversion and is also the key. From the current situation, China has established a hybrid electric vehicle power system through Cooperative R & D technology platforms and systems, made a series of breakthroughs for vehicle development has laid a solid foundation. As of January 31, 2009, Technology in hybrid vehicles, China Intellectual Property Office to receive and open for the 1116 patent applications in China. In 1116 patent applications, invention 782 (authority for the 107), utility model for the 334. Mastered the entire vehicle key development, the formation of a capability to develop various types of electric vehicles. Hybrid cars in China in systems integration, reliability, fuel economy and other aspects of the marked progress in achieving fuel
Ultrasonic ranging system design Publication title: Sensor Review. Bradford: 1993.Vol. ABSTRACT: Ultrasonic ranging technology has wide using worth in many fields, such as the industrial locale, vehicle navigation and sonar engineering. Now it has been used in level measurement, self-guided autonomous vehicles, fieldwork robots automotive navigation, air and underwater target detection, identification, location and so on. So there is an important practicing meaning to learn the ranging theory and ways deeply. To improve the precision of the ultrasonic ranging system in hand, satisfy the request of the engineering personnel for the ranging precision, the bound and the usage, a portable ultrasonic ranging system based on the single chip processor was developed. Keywords: Ultrasound, Ranging System, Single Chip Processor 1. Introductive With the development of science and technology, the improvement of people’s standard of living, speeding up the development and construction of the city. Urban drainage system have greatly developed their situation is construction improving. However, due to historical reasons many unpredictable factors in the synthesis of her time, the city drainage system. In particular drainage system often lags behind urban construction. Therefore, there are often good building excavation has been building facilities to upgrade the drainage system phenomenon. It brought to the city sewage, and it is clear to the city sewage and drainage culvert in the sewage treatment system. Co mfort is very important to people’s lives. Mobile robots designed to clear the drainage culvert and the automatic control system Free sewage culvert clear guarantee robots, the robot is designed to clear the culvert sewage to the core. Control system is the core component of the development of ultrasonic range finder. Therefore, it is very important to design a good ultrasonic range finder. 2. A principle of ultrasonic distance measurement The application of AT89C51: SCM is a major piece of computer components are integrated into the chip micro-computer. It is a multi-interface and counting on the micro-controller integration, and intelligence products are widely used in industrial automation. and MCS-51 microcontroller is a typical and representative.
电动汽车充电桩的研究与设计 随着新能源汽车的普及，电动汽车的充电问题逐渐受到人们的关注。电动汽车 充电桩作为电动汽车能够行驶的关键设备之一，正逐渐成为人们关注的热点。在电动汽车快速发展的今天，研究和设计安全、高效、环保的电动汽车充电桩已经成为了重要的课题。 一、电动汽车充电桩的现状 近年来，随着新能源汽车的快速发展，电动汽车充电桩的需求量也在不断增长。不过，目前电动汽车充电桩的使用情况却并不理想。充电桩的费用高昂，覆盖面积不足，充电速度慢，充电安全问题等都是人们所关注的问题。 在2019年国家电网公司发布的《全国电动汽车充电基础设施发展规划》中， 指出到2020年，全国电动汽车充电基础设施建设应向公共场所和住宅区域延伸， 满足户外出行的快速充电需求。到2025年，将推动电动汽车充电基础设施快速发展，构建全国统一、安全、高效、智能的充电网络。 二、电动汽车充电桩的设计 电动汽车充电桩是为了实现电动汽车充电而设计的设备，具有为电动汽车储能、为其提供充电电能、测量电能消耗、通讯控制等功能的设备。电动汽车充电桩的设计应注重以下几个方面： 1. 安全性 电动汽车充电桩的安全是其设计的关键所在。因此，设计电动汽车充电桩时应 考虑多种安全因素，并且针对不同的使用环境和操作人员配置不同的安全措施。 2. 便携性
便携性是指电动汽车充电桩是否携带方便，能否随时随地进行充电。在电动汽 车的充电时，应该考虑到充电桩的体积和重量，使得电动汽车充电桩可以随时随地携带，方便用户进行使用。 3. 充电速度 充电速度决定了电动汽车的使用效率和充电体验。因此，在电动汽车充电桩的 设计中，应该考虑充电速度和充电效率的提高。同时，设计时还应考虑充电桩的兼容性，让其能够兼容多种电动汽车的快速充电需求。 4. 智能化 智能化可以让电动汽车充电桩更加智能化、高效化和用户友好化。在设计充电 桩时，应考虑智能化的整体方向，通过相关技术的应用，使得充电桩能够智能化地识别电动汽车，自主调节电能输出，以节省时间和成本，提高充电效率。 三、电动汽车充电桩的研究 电动汽车充电桩是为了解决电动汽车充电问题而设计的设备。在研究电动汽车 充电桩时，应注重以下几个方面： 1. 变频控制系统 变频控制系统可以满足不同电动汽车的充电需求。在电动汽车充电桩的研究中，应该注重变频控制系统的应用，通过控制频率、电压和输出电流等电能参数参数，为不同的电动汽车提供恰当的电能输出。 2. 能耗监测系统 电动汽车充电桩应配备有能耗监测系统，以便对电动汽车的能源消耗进行有效 的监测和管理。通过能耗监测系统，可以实现对电动汽车的实时监测和告警，及时发现电动汽车的异常情况，保障电动汽车的安全和稳定使用。 3. 快速充电技术