综合英语试题库

Test Paper for Comprehensive English Course (Book 1)

Time limit 120mins Class Student No. Name Mark

Ⅰ.Compound dictation(10’=1’Χ10)

In this part you will hear a passage once, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard.

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind’s future 3 and cultural growth increased.

Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language.

They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.

Ⅱ.Grammar and structure.(15’=1’Χ15)

For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.

1. My pain _______ apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met

asked sympathetically:‖ Are you feeling all right?‖

A. must be

B. had been

C. must have been

D. had to be

2. Above the trees are the hills, ____ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the

surface.

A. where

B. of whose

C. whose

D. which

3. Do you think it possible to have the work ____ within 3 days.

A. to do

B. done

C. to be done

D. being done

4. She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ____?

A. hadn’t she

B. hasn’t she

C. wouldn’t she

D. didn’t she

5. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology________.

A. will not have been achieved

B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved

D. had not been achieved

6. We started burning some leaves in our yard, but the fire got ____and we had to call the fire

brigade to put it out.

A. out of hand

B. out of order

C. out of place

D. out of way

7. Astronauts are ____ all kinds of tests before they are actually sent up in a spacecraft.

A. inclined to

B. subjected to

C. prone to

D. bound to

8. The policeman ____ noted something different about the fellow’s accent.

A. undoubted

B. doubtless

C. doubtful

D. undoubting

9. In his unhappiness he had come even to question his ____.

A. diversity

B. entity

C. prosperity

D. minority

10.As you must have seen from my work, I’m perfectly ____of him.

A. indignant

B. independent

C. influential

D. innocent

11. The newly-elected President says the election was ____compliance with the law.

A. spacious

B. sophisticated

C. substantial

D. steady

12. You can’t be ____careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.

A. very

B. quite

C. too

D. so

13. I don’t know if the story is true, but I’ll try to ____it.

A. conform

B. identify

C. fortify

D. verify

14. Every society has its own peculiar customs and ____of acting.

A. ways

B. attitude

C. behavior

D. means

15. When Robert discovered that the company was engaged in dishonest business, he

immediately____ all connections with it.

A. offset

B. separated

C. severed

D. vanquished

Ⅲ.Paraphrase(10=2’Χ5)

In this part, there are 5 sentences. Please explain them in English in your own words.

1.Human being for the most part live wholly on the surface or far beyond the present

moment and that part of the future which is quickly to follow it.

2.But it is the real bottom line in every area of society.

3.I want smiles through tears, bittersweet moments of reminiscence and the chance to offer

some last bits of wisdom.

4.People who lace genuine core values rely on external factors.

5.I think of good manners as a sort of hidden beauty secret.

Ⅳ.Translation(20’=2’Χ5+5’Χ2)

Section A: In this section there are 5 Chinese sentences. Please translate each sentence into English.

1.这座山峰高耸于群山之上，从山峰上可以看到一片美丽的景色。

2.我们偶然想出来的那个计划也许不合逻辑，但它却行之有效。

3.演员必须清晰地发音吐字，否则，观众听不清楚，不知所云。

4.外贸部长与几个非洲国家就技术和贸易协定进行了谈判。

5.大会主席宣布选举结果后，全场沸腾起来，顿时成了欢乐的海洋。

Section B: In this section there are 2 English paragraphs. Please translate the underlined part into Chinese.

6.Coeducation is the most desirable form education. It is an integrated community where

students are instructed without distinction of sex. They are given the opportunity to know each other and compete with each other. Girls can ask questions, protest and challenge teachers. Boys can be seen sitting quietly, listening to female speakers. With the full spectrum of experience offered, life is an open possibility for man as well as woman.

Everyone is anxious to let their minds flower into full blossom.

7.For prose is the achievement of civilization, of people who have learned to discuss

without blows or invective(抨击), who know that truth is hard to find and worth finding, who do not begin by accusing an opponent of wickedness, but elicit reason and patience by displaying them. You cannot say in poetry what the best prose says, or accomplish what the best prose accomplishes. Civilization may not surpass a primitive society in heights of rapture or heroism, but it is, if it be civilization, better for everyday life, kinder, more rational, more sustained in effort; and this kindness and reason and sustained effort are expressed and encouraged in the masterpieces of prose.

Ⅴ.Cloze(10=1’Χ10)

There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are 4 choices A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best fits into the passage.

A language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds, and which is

used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.

Let’s look at this 1 in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, that distinguishes man from the rest of the 2 world.

Other animals, it is true, communicate with one other by means of cries: for example, many birds utter 3 calls at the approach of danger; monkeys utter 4 cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. 5 these various means of communication differ in important ways in human language. For instance, an imals’ cries do not6 thoughts and feelings clearly. This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack the kind of structure that 7 us to divide a human utterance into words.

We can change an utterance by 8 one word in it with another: a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., ―tanks approaching from the west‖; but a bird has a single alarm cry, which means ―danger!‖

This is why the number of 9 that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit is a case in point; it has about twenty different calls, 10 in human language the number of possible utterances is limitless. It also explains why animal cries are very general in meaning.

1. A. classification B. definition C. function D. perception

2. A. that B. it C. as D. what

3. A. mating B. exciting C. warning D. boring

4. A. identical B. similar C. different D. unfamiliar

5. A. But B. Therefore C. Afterwards D. Furthermore

6. A. infer B. explain C. interpret D. express

7. A. encourages B. enables C. enforces D. ensures

8. A. replacing B. spelling C. pronouncing D. saying

9. A. signs B. gestures C. signals D. marks

10. A. whereas B. since C. anyhow D. somehow

Ⅵ.Reading comprehension(20’=2’Χ10)

In this section there are five passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answer marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.

Text one

A century ago in the United States, when an individual brought suit against a company,

public opinion tended to protect that company. But perhaps this phenomenon was most striking in the case of the railroads. Nearly half of all negligence cases decided through 1896 involved railroads. And the railroads usually won.

Most of the cases were decided in state courts, when the railroads had the climate of the times on their sides. Government supported the railroad industry; the progress railroads represented was not to be slowed down by requiring them often to pay damages to those unlucky enough to be hurt working for them.

Court decisions always went against railroad workers. A Mr. Farwell, an engineer, lost his right hand when a switchman's negligence ran his engine off the track. The court reasoned that since Farwell had taken the job of an engineer voluntarily at good pay, he had accepted the risk. Therefore the accident, though avoidable had the switchmen acted carefully, was a "pure accident". In effect a railroad could never be held responsible for injury to one employee caused by the mistake of another.

In one case where a Pennsylvania Railroad worker had started a fire at a warehouse and the fire had spread several blocks, causing widespread damage, a jury found the company responsible for all the damage. But the court overturned the jury's decision because it argued that the railroad's negligence was the immediate cause of damage only to the nearest buildings. Beyond them the connection was too remote to consider.

As the century wore on, public sentiment began to turn against the railroads -- against their economic and political power and high fares as well as against their callousness toward individuals.

1. Which of the following is NOT true in Farwell's case?

A. Farwell was injured because he negligently ran his engine off the track.

B. Farwell would not have been injured if the switchman had been more careful.

C. The court argued that the victim had accepted the risk since he had willingly taken his

job.

D. The court decided that the railroad should not be held responsible.

2. What must have happened after the fire case was settled in court?

A. The railroad compensated for the damage to the immediate buildings.

B. The railroad compensated for all the damage by the fire.

C. The railroad paid nothing for the damaged building.

D. The railroad worker paid for the property damage himself.

3. The following aroused public resentment EXCEPT _____.

A. political power

B. high fares

C. economic loss

D. indifference

4. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Railroad oppressing individuals in the US.

B. History of the US railroads.

C. Railroad workers' working rights.

D. Law cases concerning the railroads.

Text two

Hawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origins, is opposed to the idea.

The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.

But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, Joahn Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-establish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.

However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state -- as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.

But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.

Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US' 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.

5. Hawaii's native minority refers to _____.

A. Hawaii's ethnic groups

B. people of Filipino origin

C. the Ka Lahui group

D. people with 50% Hawaiian blood

6. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?

A. He is Hawaii's first native governor.

B. He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.

C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.

D. He is leading the local independence movement.

7. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT _____.

A. a greater autonomy within the state

B. more back rent on the crown land

C. a claim on the Hawaiian crown land

D. full independence from the US

Text three

The worldwide consumption of bakery products is increasing. Many populations that formerly relied solely on rice or coarser grains as their main source of carbohydrates show a preference for compounded bakery products as new industry and increased incomes make them more widely accessible. Japan is an outstanding example of countries following this trend. The United States has shown a steady downward trend in per capita consumption of cereal-based foods for many years, and the consumption of sweet bakery foods, such as cakes or pastry, has been increasingly displacing bread consumption.

Probably 95% of the white bread sold in the United States is enriched with thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, and iron, and about 30% of the 50 states have laws requiring white bread enrichment. Formerly, calcium and vitamin D were frequently added to enriched bread, but

lack of consumer demand and questionable nutritional benefit led to gradual phasing out of these enrichments. India has attempted to encourage consumption of protein-enriched bread, with some success. Except for research projects, little has been done in other countries, however. In areas where bakery products comprise a large proportion of the diet, they could provide an ideal vehicle for nutritional supplementation. Then need for better quality protein in the daily diet occurs mostly in the developing countries, where carbohydrate foods -- usually cereals -- are the basic components of the diet and therefore the logical protein carriers.

8. Japan is used in this passage to illustrate a fashion in many countries to _____.

A. enrich bread

B. invest more in food industry

C. increase consumption of bakery foods

D. increase a reliance on rice and grains

9. According to the passage, popular cereals could be the best way in developing countries

to _____.

A. supplement the diet

B. displace rice consumption

C. increase reliance on carbohydrates

D. phase out necessary bread enrichments

10. From the passage, we learn that there is a worldwide trend towards _____.

A. enriching the nutritional value of bread

B. increasing the consumption of protein

C. using bakery products as a source of carbohydrates

D. using grains, such as rice, as a source of carbohydrates

Ⅶ.Writing (15’)

Write a composition about 200 words on the following topic:

Honesty

You are to write in three parts.

In the first part, state what your suggested way(s) is (are).

In the second part, state one or two advantages of your suggestion.

In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

Test Paper for Comprehensive English Course (Book 2)

Time limit 120mins Class Student No. Name Mark

Ⅰ.Compound dictation(10’=1’Χ10)

In this part you will hear a passage once, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard.

FORTUNE Magazine 1 its annual list of the ―40 Richest Americans under the age of 40‖ recently. 2 the list is Mechael Dell, 39, chairman and founder of Dell Computer. With a wealth of US$17.95 billion, Dell has held the No.1 spot since the list started in 1999.

Dell’s story 3 like a business fairy tale. He was a college student with nothing more than an idea to 4 the way computers were sold. Dell was born in February 1965,in Texas, US. He

5 the University of Texas. His Original idea was to go to medical school but he decided to become the dormitory millionaire.

His first business idea was to take apart an Apple computer in the bedroom of his parents’ Houston, Texas home. From there, he went on 6 computers out of his dorm room. He 7 an innovative approach to doing business: sell computers 8 to the consumer without going through retailers. And in the process, he decided to design and deliver a computer based on the consumer’s own 9 . 10 this there was absolutely no idea about about customizing(changing the design for specific desires) a PC. And, in 1984, he founded the Dell Computer Corporation with US$1,000.

Ⅱ.Grammar and structure.(15’=1’Χ15)

For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. choose the one that best completes the sentence.

1. All things ______, the planned trip will have to be called off.

A. considered

B. be considered

C. considering

D. having considered

2. Only when you have obtained sufficient data ______ come to a sound conclusion.

A can you B. would you C. you will D. you can

3. ____, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man

whose command of language is poor.

A. Other things being equal

B. Were other things equal

C. To be equal to other things

D. Other things to be equal

4. He insisted on the windows _____ open while he was sleeping.

A. left

B. being left

C. leaving

D. be left

5. The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son _________ to college.

A. had been admitted

B. admitted

C. having been admitted

D. having admitted

6. I have the ____ of accepting all or part of the money.

A. orientation

B. option

C. optimum

D. ornament

7. There was nothing anywhere in ____.

A. sight

B. glimpse

C. glance

D. seeing

8. He’s always ____ about his ability.

A. coaxing

B. rebuking

C. teasing

D. boasting

9. I am sure her decision will be fair and just, for she has had a reputation for being ____.

A. impartial

B. imperative

C. impulsive

D. improper

10. You shouldn’t change jobs constantly, or people will become s uspicious of your ability to ____

any job.

A. hold

B. sustain

C. engage

D. uphold

11. It was so dark outside that he was just able to ____ the road in the dark.

A. derive

B. discern

C. diminish

D. displace

12. The basketball coach asked the players to ____ with their training after he gave some

instructions.

A. proceed

B. precede

C. precept

D. process

13. The water table fluctuated from season to season and year to year because it is affected by climate ____.

A. difference

B. condition

C. disturbance

D. variation

14. Although the false bank-notes fooled many people, they did not _____ to close examination.

A. look up

B. pay up

C. keep up

D. stand up

15. A hibernating animal needs hardly any food all through the winter,_______?

A.need it

B. needn’t it

C. does it

D. doesn’t it

Ⅲ.Paraphrase(10’=2’Χ5)

In this part, there are 5 sentences or short paragraphs. Please explain the underlined part in English in your own words.

1.… a graduate relaxation of v igilance over what partners reveal to each other about

themselves

2.My children have never been less lonely.

3.As an Internet search on global warming now attests, the subject has become as rooted

in out public consciousness as Madonna or microwave cooking

4.…my father held up my mother as a model of feminine behavior

5.…much of Europe is getting ready to shut down for business.

ⅣTranslation(20’=2’Χ5 + 5’Χ2)

Section A: In this section there are 5 Chinese sentences. Please translate each sentence into English.

1.这是我第一次来纽约，但我还是设法找到了那家小公司。

2.我想那还是有几分正确性的，但情况并不那么简单。

3.那家公司正出售他们的一些大楼以积攒资金。

4.尽管警方不相信他的话，他仍然坚持说他说的是实话。

5.周末期间估计有50,000人涌向伦敦观摩英联邦运动会的开幕式。

Section B: In this section there are 2 English paragraphs.. Please translate the underlined part of each paragraph into Chinese.

6.Most Americans blindly accept the idea that newer is automatically better. Be a human

life contradicts this premise. There is a great deal of happiness to be found as we grow older.

My own parents, now in their sixties, recently told me that they are happier now than they ever been. They would not want to be my age. Did this surprise me? At first, yes. Then it gladdened me. Their contentment holds out great promise for me as I move into the next –perhaps even better – phrase of my life.

7.But men seem to have overlooked one great value in their fans: therapy. Nothing is more

refreshing to tired men , women and children than a breeze across the face. Men discover this when they turn their faces to a breeze on a hilltop, a cooling wind across a desert on a hot day, or a rush of salty air across a ship’s rolling deck. A breeze has power to ―blow the cobwebs away‖ , but it does more than that. It brings new heart, new vigor, new courage. So, in a small but important way, mankind’s fans have helped him for thousands of years.

Ⅴ.Cloze(10’=1’Χ10)

There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are 4 choices A,B,C and D. Choose the one that best fits into the passage.

Proper street behavior in the United States requires a nice balance of attention and inattention.

You are supposed to look at a 1 just enough to show that you’re 2 of his presence. If you look too little, you appear haughty or furtive, too much 3 you’re inquisitive. Usually what happens is that people 4 each other until they are about eight feet 5 , at which point both cast down their eyes. Sociologist Erving Goffman 6 this as ―a kind of dimming of lights.‖

Much of eye behavior is so 7 that we react to it only on the intuitive level. The next time you have a 8 with someone who makes you feel liked, notice what he does with his eyes.

9 are he looks at you more often than is usual with 10 a little longer than the normal.

You interpret this as a sign—a polite one—that he is interested in you as a person rather than just in the topic of conversation. Probably you also feel that he is both self confident and sincere.

1. A. friend B. foreigner C. passerby D. stranger

2. A. aware B. curious C. ignorant D. upset

3. A. so B. or C. and D. but

4. A. peep B. stare C. gaze D. eye

5. A. aside B. apart C. away D. adjacent

6. A. demonstrates B. describes C. deduces D. designates

7. A. vague B. obscure C. subtle D. uncertain

8. A. discussion B. communication C. greeting D. conversation

9. A. Chances B. Possibilities C. Opportunities D. Expectations

10. A .glances B. touches C. talks D. sights

Ⅵ.Reading comprehension(20’=2’Χ10)

In this section there are five passages followed by 10 questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answer marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.

Text one

The CBI will this week announce a Think British campaign aimed at cutting imports and stimulating home industries. The man behind the move is Sir Derek Ezra, chairman of the National Coal Board, who has persuaded the CBI's council that firms can buy British supplies without paying more for their patriotism.

The target of a conference the CBI is calling early in the New Year will be the 50 biggest manufacturing companies in the private sector and 16 leading firms in distribution who together spend ￡35bn a year.

Sir Derek says "By actively pursuing a policy on the line I have described they could have

a major impact in stimulating industrial competitiveness and growth". Nationalized

industries have already switched up to ￡100m worth of their buying from foreign suppliers to British firms in the past year.

In a paper which went to the CBI council last week, Sir Derek produced figures to demonstrate how, by hunting out suppliers who were prepared to co-operate closely in developing equipment and materials at the right quality and price, the nationalized enterprises have succeeded in getting what they want and in boosting Britain's exports.

The NCB itself, at the same time as cutting back the import content of its annual '1,000m worth of purchases to 2.6%, has helped the British mining equipment industry to raise its exports from ￡26m to ￡129m in two years. The public enterprises together, who spent up to ￡10bn on goods and services each year, have cut the amount they buy abroad from 4.3% to

3.4% over the past year.

Sir Derek emphasizes that this has not been done by sacrificing profitability. But, Debenhams, one of the handful of retail chains who have been pursing a similar policy, says that it has had to accept the cut in its own margins so far to make it work. The chain has replaced ￡25m worth of Italian shirts and socks by British products during the past nine months.

1. One of the aims of Think British campaign is to _____.

A. cut exports

B. stimulate imports

C. develop new products

D. encourage domestic industries

2. Which of the following is true about nationalized industries?

A. They bought ￡100m of British supplies in the past year.

B. They bought ￡129m of foreign supplies in the past year.

C. They bought ￡1,000m of British supplies in the past year.

D. They bought ￡26m of foreign supplies in the past year.

3. The British mining equipment industry is _____.

A. privately owned

B. publicly owned

C. jointly owned

D. internationally owned

4. The word "this" (final paragraph) refers to _____.

A. the public sector.

B. the Think British campaign

C. the British mining equipment industry

D. reduced purchases of foreign goods

Text two

When there is a vacancy in a company, it is the job of the Personnel Manager and his department to manage the recruitment of a new employee. One way an organization can find staff for job vacancies is to recruit in company. Management can inform people of new appointment by means of the firm's notice board or news bulletin. Another possibility is to ask for recommendations from departmental managers and supervisors. If it is necessary to recruit outside the company, the personnel department may use commercial and government employment offices or consultants. It may prefer to put its own advertisement in a newspaper or magazine.

It is usual for an advertisement to give a short description of the job, conditions of work and salary, and to invite introductory letters from applicants. After studying these, management decides who receives an application form.

In order to assess the applications, managers can work from a personnel specification such as Rodger's Seven-Point Plan. They do not choose applicants who do not have a good profile. For this reason, it is important that the application form requests clear information about such things as the applicant's age, education, qualifications and work experience. It must also ask for references from other employers or people who know the applicant well. This information helps management to make a final decision on the number of applicants they can short-list for interview.

The staff who hold an interview together are called an interview "panel". It is important that they know what information they need to get from the applicants. This comes from a careful reading of job descriptions, personnel specifications, and applications. To help the panel in their selection, some companies use an interview assessment form. This is used by the panel during the interview when each applicant is checked under the same point of the form.

Many employers say that the success of a good business begins in the Personnel Manager's office.

5. Which of the following means it NOT mentioned in the passage when recruiting staff

outside the company?

A. Consultants.

B. Written examinations.

C. Own advertisements.

D. Government employment offices.

6. What is Rodger's Seven-Point Plan?

A. A recruitment advertisement.

B. A personnel specification.

C. A short description of the job.

D. A managerial appointment.

7. According to the passage, an interview assessment form is used by the panel to _____.

A. inform people of new appointments

B. ask for recommendations from managers

C. study the applicant's age and education

D. judge an applicant's performance during interviews

Text three

For the 1992 Winter Games, French organizers constructed a new motorway, parking lots and runs for skiing in the Alps. Environmentalists screamed "Disaster!" Thus warned, the Norwegians have adopted "green" advice and avoided great blots on the landscape. The speed-skating rink was built to look like an overturned ship, and placed so as not to disturb a bird sanctuary. Dug into a mountainside, the hockey arena is well concealed and energy efficient. The bobsled run is built out of wood not metal and hidden among trees. No

wonder the president of the International Olympic Committee has called these the first "Green Games".

Lillehammer's opening ceremonies featured a giant Olympic Torch burning biogas produced by rotting vegetation. During construction, builders were threatened with '7,500 fines for felling trees unnecessarily. Rare trees were carefully transplanted from hillsides. Food is being served on potato-based plates that will be fed, in turn, to pigs. Smoking has been banned outdoors as well as in, with enforcement by polite requests.

Environmentalists have declared partial victory, though Coca-Cola's plan to decorate the town with banners has been scaled back, there are still too many billboards for strict green tastes. Perhaps, but after the Games, athlete housing will be converted into vacation homes or shipped to the northlands for student dormitories. Bullets will be plucked from targets and recycled to keep the lead from poisoning ground water. And these tricks won't be forgotten. Embarrassed by environmental protests, the I.O.C. claims that green awareness is not entrenched -- along with sport and culture -- as a permanent dimension of the Olympic Charter.

Indeed, Sydney was successful in becoming host for the 2000 Summer Games in part on the strength of its endorsement from Greenpeace. Aspiring host cities are picking up the code. Salt Lake City, bidding for the 2002 Games, may opt to use the bobsled run that Calgary built for the '00 Games. After that, who could deny that recycling is an Olympic movement?

8. Which of the following countries has not paid enough attention to the "green" issues?

A. Norway.

B. France.

C. America.

D. Australia.

9. Which of the following describes the I. O. C's attitude towards the environmentalists'

protests?

A. Trying to commit themselves.

B. Showing indifference and contempt.

C. Arguing for practical difficulties.

D. Negotiating for gradual changes.

10. The 2002 Games might be held in ___.

A. Oslo

B. Calgary

C. Sydney

D. Salt Lake City

Ⅶ.Writing(15’)

Write a composition about 200 words on the following topic:

Why I Choose My Major?

You are to write in three parts.

In the first part, state what your suggested way(s) is (are).

In the second part, state one or two advantages of your suggestion.

In the last part , bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.

Marks will be awarded for the content , organization , grammar and appropriacy . Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks .

Test Paper for Comprehensive English Course (Book 3)

Time limit 120mins Class Student No. Name Mark

I. Dictation (10’)

Direction: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.

II. Vocabulary and structure (15’=1’╳15)

Direction:There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.

1. Emily D ickinson’s garden was a place _______ great inspiration for her poems.

A. that she drew

B. by drawing her

C. from which she drew

D. drawn from which

2. The experiment requires more money than___.

A. have been put in

B. being put in

C. has been put in

D. to be put in

3.______no real boundary to the part of the ocean referred to as a ―deep‖ because of changing wat er levels and movement in the sea floor.

A. It is

B. To be

C. Being

D. There are

4. Nebraska has floods in some years, _________.

A. in others drought

B. droughts are others

C. while other droughts

D. others in drought

5. There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds, so I only caught a ____ of him.

A glance

B glimpse

C look

D sight

6. I don't think it's wise of you to _____your greater knowledge in front of the director, for it may offend him.

A show up

B show out

C show in

D show off

7. A thorough study of biology requires _____with the properties of trees and plants, and the habit of birds and beasts.

A acquisition

B discrimination

C curiosity

D familiarity

8. She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would ____ her long effort.

A justify

B testify

C rectify

D verify

9. Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create a great ____.

A explosion

B sensation

C exaggeration

D stimulation

10. Please ____yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them.

A restrain

B hinder

C restrict

D prohibit

11. Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on the functions of ______ every business operation in the whole country.

A practically

B preferably

C precisely

D presumably

12. Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around billion, ____the billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.

A in proportion to

B in reply to

C in relation to

D in contrast to

13. All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read ________ letters from their families.

A sentimental

B affectionate

C intimate

D sensitive

14. several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to ______, or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.

A revolt

B revolve

C reverse

D revive

15. The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetables no longer ______according to the weather.

A altered

B converted

C fluctuated

D modified

III. Paraphrasing (10’=2’╳5)

Direction: In this part, there are 5 sentences or short paragraphs. Please explain the underlined part in English in your words and write down the answer on your ANSWER SHEET.

1.But in the light of time’s perspective their deceptive prominence fades; wi th a sense of loss we

recall the important tasks pushed aside.

2.Food to my countrymen is one of the ecstasies of life, to be thought about in advance; to be

smothered with loving care throughout its preparation; and to have time lavished on it in the final pleasure of eating.

3.I think the essence of wisdom is emancipation, as far as possible, from the tyranny of the here

and now.

4.Children enter school as question marks and leave as periods.

5.Besides the intellectual surprises, we found joy in each other’s com pany, and we delved in this

newly-found camaraderie with an intensity we did not know we could achieve outside of love and pregnancies.

IV. Translating (20’)

Section A (10’=2’╳5)

Direction: In this section there are 5 Chinese sentences. Please translate each sentence into English and write down your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

1.我从未想到他会做这种事情。

2.既然你要离开公司了，你要在本周内清算账目。

3.我感到十分惊讶的是，他用一种超然冷静的态度分析威胁着他们所有人的危险形势。

4.我很讨厌他，因为他经常特别喜欢诽谤他人。

5.他带他的女友去听音乐会，以努力弥补自己对她的粗鲁态度。

Section B (10’=5’╳2)

Direction: In this section, there are 2 English paragraphs, each with an underlined part. Please translate the underlined part of each paragraph into Chinese and write down the answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

1.Good students show many superior qualities, among which curiosity, discipline and initiative

are most important. They are highly interested in a variety of things. They always observe the outside world and learn what is going on before their eyes. Accompanying their curiosity is their ―investigative spirit‖, for they regard the learning pr ocess as an investigation. Based on their fresh observation and painstaking investigation, they form a new understanding. They believe that without persistence, they can hardly taste the delicious fruit of learning and that any monumental achievement stems from the accumulation of numerous minor achievements.

They are always ready to meet a difficult challenge, take their own initiative in exploring possibilities and discover their own answers through practice instead of getting them from their teachers, for they never expect to be spoon-fed. Of course, aspiring students should pay sufficient heed to some important points. For instance, they should be attentive in class, avoid lateness and appreciate constructive criticism.

2.It is believed that friends are indispensable in our life, for friends can always offer us the kind

of help which we need badly when we are experiencing great difficulty. The author of the text provides us with an example from her own experience when she returned to school as an elderly student: the cheering her friends offered her to rewrite a paper one more time or to stay

up one last half-hour to re-read a difficult chapter; the joy they found in each other’s company;

the enjoyment and happiness they felt when they agreed or even disagreed on a certain issue they were discussing. Finally they made it: they graduated and made a big difference. And that is what the magic circle of friends has done for them.

V. Cloze (10’=1’╳10)

Direction: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.

In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words with which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we 1 ,that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our familiar associates, and 2 we should know and use 3 we could not read or write. They concern the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who 4 the language. Such words may be called ―popular‖, since they belong to the people 5 and are not the exclusive share of a limited class. On the other hand, our language 6 a multitude of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little necessity to use them at home or in the market-place. Our 7 acqu aintance with them comes not from our mother’s lips or from the talk of our school-mates, but from books that we read, lectures that we 8 ,or the more formal conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular topic in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual 9 of everyday life. Such words are called ―learned‖, and the10 between them and the ―popular‖ words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.

1. A. study B. imitate C. stimulate D. learn

2. A. which B. that C. those D. ones

3. A. even B. despite C. even if D. in spite of

4. A. hire B. apply C. adopt D. use

5. A. in public B. at most C. at large D. at best

6. A. consists B. comprises C. constitutes D. composes

7. A. primary B. first C. principal D. prior

8. A. hear of B. attend C. hear from D. listen

9. A. border B. link C. degree D. extent

10. A. diversion B. distinction C. diversity D. similarity

VI. Reading comprehension (20’=2’╳10)

Direction: There are 3 passages in this part. They are followed by 4, 3, 3 questions or unfinished statements respectively. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

TEXT 1

The year 1400 opened with more peacefulness than usual in England. Only a few months before, Richard II -- --weak, wicked, and treacherous ---- had been deposed (废黜), and Harry IV declared king in his stead. But it was only a seeming peacefulness, lasting for but a little while; for though King Harry proved himself a just and a merciful man ---- as hostile and mercy went with the men of iron of those days ---- and though he did not care to shed blood needlessly, there were many noble families who had been benefited by King Richard during his reign, and who had lost some what of their power and prestige from the coming in of the new king.

Among these were a number of great lords who had been degraded from their former titles and estates, from which degradation King Richard had lifted them. They planned to fall upon King Harry and his followers and to massacre (屠杀) them during a great tournament (中世纪之马上比武大会) which was being held at Oxford. And they might have succeeded had not one of their own members betrayed them.

But Harry did not appear at the lists; whereupon, knowing that he had been lodging at Windsor with only a few attendants, the conspirators marched there against him. In the meantime, the king had been warned of the plot, so that instead of finding him in the royal castle, they discovered through their scouts that he had hurried to London, and that he was marching against them at the

head of a considerable army. So nothing was left but flight. One and another, they were all caught and some killed. Those few who found friends faithful and bold enough to afford them shelter dragged those friends down in their own ruin.

1. What does the author seem to think of King Harry?

A) He was the best king England had ever had.

B) He was unfair and cowardly.

C) He was just as evil as King Richard.

D) He was a better ruler than King Richard.

2. How did King Harry find out about the plot?

A) His scouts discovered it.

B) He saw the conspirators coming.

C) One of the conspirators told him.

D) He found a copy of the conspirators’ plan.

3. How did the conspirators find out that Harry was in London?

A) They saw him leave Windsor.

B) Harry’s attendants told them.

C) They saw him at the tournament.

D) Their scouts told them.

4. Why did the nobles wish to kill Harry?

A) Harry had taken away power given to them by Richard.

B) Harry was weak, wicked, and treacherous.

C) Harry had needlessly killed members of their families.

D) Harry had killed King Richard.

TEXT 2

The ballad and the folk song have long been recognized as important keys to the thoughts and feelings of a people, but the dime novel though sought by the collector and referred to in a general way by the social historian, is dismissed with a smile of amusement by almost everyone else. Neither folk songs nor dime novels were actually created by the plain people of America. But in their devotion to these modes of expression, the people made them their own. The dime novel, interested as it was for the great masses and designed to fill the pockets of both author and publisher, quite naturally sought the lowest common denominator (共同点，标准): themes that were found to be popular and attitudes that met with the most general approval became stereotyped (定型的). Moreover, the dime novel, reflecting a much wider range of attitudes and ideas than the ballad and the folk song, is the nearest thing we have had in this country to a true ―proletarian‖ literature, that is, a literature written for the great mas ses of people and actually read by them.

Although a study of our dime novels alone cannot enable anyone to determine what are the essential characteristics of the American tradition, it can contribute materially to that end. Sooner or later, the industrious researchers who have minded so many obscure lodes of American literary expression will almost certainly turn their attention to these novels and all their kind. Let no one think, however, that the salmon-covered paperbacks once so eagerly devoured (贪婪地阅读) by soldiers, lumberjacks (伐木工人), trainmen, hired girl, and adolescent boys now make exciting or agreeable even for the historian, much as the social and historical implications may interest him. As for the crowds today who get their sensational thrills from the movies and the tabloids (小刊，小报), I fear that they would find these hair-raisers of an earlier age deadly dull.

5. The principal intention of the author of a dime novel was to _____.

A) explore a segment of American society.

B) Promote the American political philosophy.

C) raise the level of intelligence of the great masses of people.

D) make money.

6. The ―lowest common denominator‖ refers to _____.

A) the poorer classes.

B) themes attitudes that would be accepted by the greatest number of people.

C) attitudes accepted by the American intellectuals.

D) the character of the authors of the dime novel.

7. ―Proletarian‖ literature is _____.

A) written for and read by the great masses of people.

B) distinguished by its devotion to pornography.

C) distinguished by its elegant style.

D) written for, but not actually read by, most people.

TEXT 3

These is a new type of advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among ―situations vacant‖, although it doesn’t offer anyone job, and sometimes it appears ―situations wanted‖, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.

―Contact us before writing your application’’, or ―Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae (工作简历) or job history‖, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.

There was a time when job seeker simply wrote letters of application. ―Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams‖, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.

Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. ―Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for,‖ was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job in view.

There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.

8. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns _____.

A) informs job hunters of the opportunities available.

B)promises useful advice to those looking for employment.

C) divides available jobs into various types.

D) informs employers that people are available for work.

9. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because _____.

A) there is a lack of jobs available for artistic people.

B) there are so many top-level job available.

C) there are so many people out of work.

D) the job history is considered to be a work of art.

10. In the past it was expected that first-job hunters would _____.

A) write an initial letter giving their life history.

B) pass some exams before applying for a job.

C) have no qualifications other than being able to read and write.

D) keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview.

VII. Composition (15’)

Write a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

Making friends is part of the life of university student. But it is possible that they don’t know how to make friends.

How to Make Friends

You are to write in three parts.

In the first part, state what your suggested way(s) is (are).

In the second part, state one or two advantages of your suggestion.

In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.

Marks will be awarded for content, organization grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.

----The End----

Test Paper for Comprehensive English Course (Book 4)

Time limit 120mins Class Student No. Name Mark

I. Dictation (10’)

Direction: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.

II. Vocabulary an d structure (15’=1’╳15)

Direction:There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.

1. The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great more luxurious than _____.

A is necessary

B being necessary

C to be necessary

D it is necessary

2. She did her work ______her manager had instructed.

A as

B until

C when

D while

3. Mary _____ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.

A couldn’t have received

B ought to have received

C has received

D shouldn’t have received

4.Some procedures used for laboratory analysis of archaeological specimens are ______ procedures conducted in crime laboratories.

A. resemble

B. similar to

C. same as

D. alike

5.______ native to Europe, the daisy has now spread throughout most of North America.

A. Although

B. If it were

C. In spite of

D. That it is

6.The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not _____ their prospect of promotion.

A spur

B further

C induce

D reinforce

7. In what _______ to a last minute stay of execution, a council announced that emergency

funding would keep alive two aging satellites.

A applies

B accounts

C attaches

D amount

8. Researchers discovered that plants infected with a virus give off a gas that ____ disease resistance in neighboring plants.

A contracts

B activates

C maintains

D prescribes

9. Corporations and labor unions have _____ great benefits upon their employees and members as well as upon the general public.

A conferred

B granted

C flung

D submitted

10. The movement of the moon conveniently provided the unit of month, which was _____ from one new moon to the next.

A measured

B reckoned

C judged

D assessed

11. The judge ruled that the evidence was inadmissible on the grounds that it was ____to the issue at hand.

A irrational

B unreasonable

C invalid

D irrelevant

12. Fuel scarcities and price increases _____ automobile designers to scale down the largest

models and to develop completely new lines of small cars and trucks.

A persuaded

B prompted

C imposed

D enlightened

13. He spoke______ so that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.

A bluntly

B convincingly

C emphatically

D determinedly

14. France’s ______ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.

A assumption

B consumption

C presumption

D resumption

15. The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, ______ an outburst of interest.

A flared

B glittered

C sparked

D lashed

III. Paraphrasing (10’=2’╳5)

Direction: In this part, there are 5 sentences or short paragraphs. Please explain the underlined part in English in your words and write down the answer on your ANSWER SHEET.

6.Buddies hang tough together; friends hang onto each other.

7.July 4 is one of the times when the American in me feels a twinge of unease about the great

lacunae in our children’s understanding of who they are and is prompted to try to fill the gaps.

8.Once he was President it was the intimate nature of the medium that helped bring him down.

9.… he was still living in a world vibrant with all of the beautiful treasures he had stored.

10.Urban life, during the hours when they reign, is urbane.

IV. Translating (20’)

Section A (10’=2’╳5)

Direction:In this section there are 5 Chinese sentences. Please translate each sentence into English and write down your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.

6.听到那个曲子，我回想起了儿童时代。

7.我们只能以牺牲质量为代价来提高生产率，但这可能会损害公司的声誉。

8.从理论上说，全体公民都有权直接获取信息，而不必等候政府或媒体的过滤。

9.这个国家近几年发生的社会、经济变化如此彻底，使所有邻国相形见绌。

10.过去日本妇女的活动更多地局限在家里。

Section B (10’=5’╳2)

Direction: In this section, there are 2 English paragraphs, each with an underlined part. Please translate the underlined part of each paragraph into Chinese and write down the answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

3.Americans have a warmth and friendliness which is less superficial than many foreigners

think. They are considered sentimental. When on ceremonial occasions they see a flag, or attend parades celebrating America’s glorious past, tears may well i nto their eyes. Reunions with family and friends tend to be emotional, too. They like to dress correctly, even if ―correctly‖ means flamboyantly. They love to boast, though often with tongue in cheek. They can laugh at themselves and their country, and they can be very self-critical, while remaining always intensely patriotic. They have a wide knowledge of everyday things, and a keen interest in their particular city and state. Foreigners sometimes complain, however, that they have little interest in or knowledge of the outside world.

2．Opportunities don’t come often. They come every once in a while. Very often, they come quietly and go by without being noticed. Therefore, it is advisable that you should value and treat them with care.

When an opportunity comes, it brings a promise but never realizes it on its own. If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. Otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to visit you.

The difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. The successful person always makes adequate preparations to meet opportunities as they duly arrive. The unsuccessful person, on the other hand, works little and just waits to see them pass by.

In my opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly can make use of them to achieve their purpose. As Pasteur says, chance favors the minds that are prepared.

V. Cloze (10’=1’╳10)

Direction: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.

You should assume, in trying for jobs, that you will not be the only applicant. The single most prevalent deciding factor is the 1 .

To be successful in a job interview, you should demonstrate certain personal and professional qualities. You need to create a good image in the limited time 2 , usually from 30 to 45 minutes. Furthermore, you must make a positive impression which the interviewer will 3 while he interviews other applicants. At all times, you should present your most attractive qualities during an interview.

You should, 4 , take care to appear well groomed and modestly dressed, avoiding the extremes of too 5 or too casual attire.

Besides care for personal appearance, you should pay close attention to your manner of 6 .Since speech is a reflection of personality, you should reflect confidence by speaking in a clear voice, loud enough to be heard without being aggressive or overpowering.

Speaking without a subject will not impress anyone. You should be prepared to talk knowledgeably about the requirements of the position for which you are applying 7 your own professional experiences and interests. Knowing something about the position enables you to ask intelligent questions about the work and the requirements for the job. The interviewer can decide from the questions asked whether you are 8 interested or knowledgeable. You can comment on your own training, experience, and other 9 in relation to the specific tasks of the position. The interviewer can determine whether your background and potential seem to fit the position. The position for which you are applying is not only the safest topic for discussion, it is essential that you 10 your understanding of the requirements and your abilities in meeting these requirements.

1. A. recommendation B. application C. interview D. examination

2. A. applicable B. available C. attainable D. acceptable

3. A. cherish B. reserve C. remember D. sustain

4. A. in particular B. in short C. by contrast D. for example

5. A. elaborate B. informal C. loose D. expensive

6. A. behaving B. responding C. speaking D. remarking

7. A. in terms of B. in contrast to C. in relation to D. in line with

8. A. practically B. genuinely C. excessively D. adequately

9. A. documents B. qualifications C. conditions D. perceptions

10. A. demonstrate B. justify C. specify D. expose

VI. Reading comprehension (20’=2’╳10)

Direction: There are 3 passages in this part. They are followed by 4, 3, 3 questions or unfinished statements respectively. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.

TEXT 1

The car industry suffered another setback yesterday when Lucas Electrical Company announced that many of its 12,000 workers at 15 factories in the West Midlands would be going on short time. It was expected that they would work a four-day week starting early next month.

―There will be a requirement for some short-time working in selected product areas and the final details will be organized on a site-by-site basis,‖ a Lucas spokesman said in Birmingham.

The factories cover an area from Telford, Shropshire, to Solihull in the West Midlands. Many of those involved are women and the products include alternators, batteries and headlamps. For many families the wife has been the sole earner in recent months.

The Lucas announcement is expected to have an aggravated effect on the region’s rapidly declining economy.

The company spokesman said that not all the 12,000 would be affected; about 20 percent of the staff would not be affected at all.

The announcement comes after BL's production cuts in the Austin-Rover division with a

two-week extended holiday for 8,000 workers because of the sluggish market. Dunlop in Birmingham has made a similar decision.

Lucas said that it was also because of reductions in the schedules of other customers in the car industry. It was emphasized that it was temporary and its duration would depend on how many cars were sold in the coming months.

1. According to the passage, we learn the bad news for the car industry from _____.

A. the announcement of production cuts by the Austin-Rover

B. the report of the sluggish market for the car industry

C. the announcement of short-time working by Lucas

D. the reductions in the schedules of some customers

2. Which of the following is true about the bad news?

A. Workers would work a five-day week.

B. Women would have to take early retirement.

C. 8,000 workers would have fewer paid holidays than before.

D. It will result in an increase of the decline of the area's economy.

3. Which of the following is not produced by the West Midlands factories?

A. Batteries.

B. Horns.

C. Headlamps.

D. Alternators.

4. According to the passage, how many workers would not be affected by the bad news?

A. About 2,400.

B. About 5,000.

C. About 8,000.

D. About 12,000.

TEXT 2

Going on computer may be the toughest job a remodeling contractor ever does. In order to make a conversion within a year, a company will need to make a major shakeup. This does not mean it will take a year to start using the computer for one function such as estimating, accounting, or word processing. The total conversion process will not be accomplished in a short period with little effort. A contractor in Indiana recently said he wished someone had warned him about how tough it was going to be. With an annual volume of more than 500,000 and a good staff in place he still had fear.

For effective use of the computer in a remodeling business, a complete change in methods of doing business usually is required. All management staff must get involved. Changes may include pre-selecting and standardizing products and systems, developing specifications, changing the estimating system, and requiring more detailed information on time card. The list goes on and on. Without the support and active leadership of top management, this process, in all likelihood, will be fought by employees and will fail.

It is true that a computer can save money by stepping up the speed of estimating and making job costing, bookkeeping, and accounting more efficient. Word processing will certainly reduce time in typing contracts, writing letters, and so on. Still, most companies do not save money using the computer. Once they have mastered the basic computer operation, they become so enthralled with its ability to do other things they never considered when it was purchased.

The computer business is changing so fast that a company on computer will want to spend money on the latest hardware, newest software, and so on. That is the bad news. The good news is that the computer simply revolutionizes the company's ability to manage and innovate. The change in management methods, the ability to use numbers, and other new capabilities provide greater control over the company and allow it to grow and make more money.

5. According to the passage, a complete conversion can take _____.

A. several months

B. about a year

C. half a year

D. several years

6. Without the support and leadership of management, the change to computerization will probably _____.

(完整word版)学术综合英语课后答案解析

Unit 1 C 1.The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.

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