快递服务业概述
An Overview of Express Delivery Services
Material Source :A Report By US-ASEAN Business Council,2005
Author : James I. Campbell Jr.
A．Characteristics of an Express Delivery Company
Four major integrators : UPS, FedEx, TNT, and DHL, account for almost 85 percent of the world’s express shipments. The services that these companies provide generally share the following characteristics which differentiate them from other traditional forms of delivery services:
Door-to-door delivery : this includes the seamless transfer across multiple modes
of transport . the “integrated” aspect of the service offered frees the customer from the need to make complex transportation arrangements for pick-up and delivery.
Close custodial control : Using sophisticated information systems that enhance security , EDS firms maintain close custodial and administrative control over all shipments. This is particularly important to reduce the risk of loss or damage to goods in transit.
Track and trace technology : Shippers and consignees may track the precise movement and location of their shipments and confirm delivery with the use of sophisticated ‘track and trace’technology that an EDS firm provides.
Facilitation of customs clearance : EDS firms assist with customs clearance so that customers do not have to navigate bureaucratic customs regimes and the required paperwork.
High level of reliability : EDS firms promise that packages will arrive at the required destination , on time ,this is particularly
important for shipments of high-tech components due for production lines , as well as essential financial documents.
Global service : the major EDS firms offer their customers delivery to market and cities worldwide through an intricate network of air hubs and stations. EDS is a network business.
Speed of delivery : Most importantly , Overnight and Second-day express services reduce overall inventory and warehousing needs , and imize supply chain efficiency . the average shipping time form the U.S . to Southeast Asia is about 2-3 working days door-to-door . Together , these characteristics bring businesses timely , secure , and guaranteed worldwide delivery of documents , products , components , and spare parts to assist with efficient supply chain management.
B. Benefits to Businesses
Air cargo represents 40 percent of the value of global trade . The bulk of this is handle by EDS firms . Servicing the needs of both multinational corporations and the emergent small and medium enterprise SME sector in their manufacturing , import , and export activities , this industry has been an important engine for economic growth . Sectors which heavily rely on EDS to remain competitive are knowledge-based and technologically advanced , including that of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology , information technology and telecoms , textiles , automotive & transport , engineering , financial and business service , and traditional manufacturing .
To remain competitive , companies today focus not only on product performance but also factor in how well costs can be managed and reduced through distribution and production , and how quickly parts can be brought together , assembled , and distributed to global markets . EDS firms help with the smooth orchestration of these activities and are therefore part of the critical infrastructure for efficient supply chain management .
Reducing Inventory and Other Indirect Costs .
With the support of EDS , companies no longer have to maintain large inventories and can therefore carry out better concentration , rationalization , and location of warehouses . In a study conducted by Gausch and Kogan 2001 , companies in developing countries were found to have 2-5 times more inventory holdings in the manufacturing sector than companies in the U . S .
Having these inventories could consequently reduce unit production costs by 20 percent . In a typical Asian emerging market , logistics supply chain costs is as high as 22-24 percent of total production costs for manufacturers . In another study , it was found that for every $1 spent on express transportation , companies would save $1.50 in warehousing and inventory cost . For manufacturers ,taking advantage of the availability of EDS allows for more efficient stock management and production techniques to be practiced , including the ability to respond more quickly to stock outages , and production interruptions . These indirect costs are not always visible and often overlooked but are critical to SMEs in emerging economies . Other immediate cost savings can also be realized through greater flexibility in sourcing . The flexibility allows companies to source from a wider array of suppliers and reduce their input costs .
Introducing Flexibility into Business Structure
EDS allows for more flexible business solutions . Relying on EDS to bridge distances removes the traditionally important time-to-market consideration and allows companies to make strategic decisions on where to locate their business units based on factors of competition , proximity to supporting industries , and complementary industry hubs .
This is particularly relevant for knowledge-based industries in the biomedical and pharmaceutical field . In a survey conducted of European companies in Germany on the usage of EDS , 80 percent of survey respondents reported the importance of being based in locations providing “imum participation in leading research associations .” Decentralization of research & development units to hubs where these laboratories , testing
centers , hospitals , patent registration offices , and research think tanks are located allows business to benefit from an environment of innovation important to product development . At the same time , product development units rely on EDS to ship samples to markets for clinical trials , deliver highly classified and proprietary legal documents and patent applications , ship urgently needed drugs to hospitals , and maintain “just-in-time”stock-management practices for its laboratories .
C . Economic Benefits
In many parts of the world , the EDS sector has been a catalyst to trade and investment growth , generating profound multiplier effects for the wider economy . For ASEAN countries looking to extend their reach to global markets , networks that EDS firms build are critical . These networks render supply chains more efficient and contribute greatly to export growth , stimulate foreign direct investment , and foster regional development and SME growth .
Facilitating Export Growth
In ASEAN , intra-regional trade accounts for about 20 percent of overall trade .This is considerably less than in most regions . The main reasons for the limited intra-regional trade are the “pattern of logistics costs and institutional barriers to land-based trade .”This phenomenon makes countries of the region effectively closer to industrial countries than to each other .To fully realize the benefits the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement AFTA , bringing lagging economies and landlocked countries in the region up to median performance levels is key .
There is a causal link between connectivity and overall growth in trade , and an even stronger correlation between transportation and logistics infrastructure and export performance .
Transportation and logistics-related costs in ASEAN continue to represent a substantial percentage of the actual costs of goods .A country with high logistics costs is far , in an economic sense , from
international markets . In the study “Towards a Geography of Trade Costs ”Hummel 1999 which compared sales by manufacturers of similar products , exporters with 1 percent lower shipping costs enjoy a 5-8 percent higher market share . In another study conducted by the McKinsey Group , annual GDP for one Asian country is forecasted to increase by 1.5 to 2 percent by 2010 if logistics costs are reduced by 15 to 20 percent . This is in contrast to an ongoing $10 billion infrastructure project which would only generate 0.7 to 1 percent GDP growth over the same period . Indeed , injecting competition into the industry to lower logistics costs can give a significant competitive edge to producers in an open economy . Efficient inter-modal transportation , including the use of EDS , would result in more efficient supply chain management .
These efficiencies undoubtedly replicate gains in the export sector .
A study conducted by the Economic Strategy Institute conducted that further development and liberalization in the air express industry could result in percentages gains for exports per year from 2004-2008 between 0.386-0.562 percent per year for Singapore : 2.895-4.215 percent per year for Malaysia , Thailand , and the Philippines ；and 3.86-5.62 percent per year for Vietnam and Indonesia .
Facilitating FDI and Promoting Regional Development
EDS firms play a critical role in influencing company decisions on how much and where to invest .
This is especially applicable to remote markets where EDS firms assist in overcoming problems of geography and weaker transportation infrastructure . Fifty-eight percent of participating companies in a survey conducted for the report “The Economic Impact of Express Carriers in Europe” Oxford Economic Forecasting , 2004 consider easy access to markets , customers or clients , as “absolutely essential”when deciding where to locate .In the EU , the importance of EDS is compelling without EDS , 35percent of those interviewed for a study in Portugal said they would have to relocate ; 15 percent of the UK and 10 percent of the Italian companies surveyed would consider relocating abroad ; and 30 percent of
the French companies and 10 percent of the Belgian firms surveyed would consider outsourcing . The EDS industry now supports 530000 direct and indirect jobs in the EU . Their presence has injected the much needed downstream investment for creating jobs in the 10 new EU member states . 12000 employees work directly for the four main integrators in new EU countries , and countless more are employed in automotive manufacturing , warehousing , IT support , and service centers .
The EDS industry is a dynamic instigator of regional development in two ways .First , it allows for businesses to be located in regions that are not close to their market . Second , the clustering effect businesses wanting to be near hubs to take advantage of the latest pick-up time possible that major express hubs create stimulates regional development . For example , it is estimated that further liberalization of the industry in China will do much to assist with the regional development of its western province . Already , it is export industry over five years .
Similar benefits can be expected in ASEAN . The experiences of FedEx and UPS in the Philippines provide an excellent example . FedEx has been located in Subic Bay since 1995 , and UPS has had its intra-Asian hub in Pampanga Clark since 2002 .Both hubs , with dynamic networks to all parts of Southeast Asian ,have been successful in bringing about the clustering of industry , and stimulating development for regions in the Philippines vacate by the U.S. military .
快递服务业概述
资料来源：美国东盟商业协会 2005年度报告作者：詹姆士.堪培尔
1. 快递公司的特征
四大巨头：UPS、FedEx、TNT和DHL几乎包揽了世界上85%的快递货物。这些公司提供的服务总体上据有以下这些特征把他们和创痛的运输区别开来：
门对门运输：这包括无缝一体化的多式联运。整合服务免去了客户为了包装和运输货物而进行的运输安排的需要。
严密的管理控制：使用先进的信息系统，提高安全性，快递公司对所有的货物保持着密切的保管和运输的管理控制。这对减少货物在运输过程中损失的风险尤其重要。
跟踪和追踪技术：通过使用快递公司提供的精密的跟踪和追踪技术，托运人和收货人可以追踪他们货物精确的移动和位置，并确定已送达。
通关便利：快递公司协助海关通关，让客户不必与官僚的海关交涉递交那些必要的文件。高可靠性水平：快递公司承诺包裹将会准时送达目的地，这对运输生产线上需要的高科技零部件和重要财务文件来说尤其重要。
全球服务：主要的快递公司为他们的客户提供送达全球市场和城市通过由航空枢纽和工作站组成的复杂网络。快递是一种网络性业务。
交货速度：最重要的是，隔夜和次日快递服务降低整体库存和仓储的需求，并最大限度的提高供应链效率。从美国到东南亚采取门到门运输的平均时间是2-3个工作日，总之，这些特点会使企业及时、安全，并保证全球交付文件，产品，组建和零配件，以协助有小的供应链管理。
2. 对企业的好处
空运货物占全球贸易总值的百分之四十。其中的大部分是由快递公司处理。同时为跨国公司和中小型企业（SME）在其制造，进口，出口活动的需要提供服务，这个行业一直是经济增长的重要引擎。有些部们在很大的程度上依靠快递公
司，为保持竞争力是知识型和技术先进型的，包括药品和生物技术，信息技术和电信，纺织、汽车和运输，工程，金融和商业服务，还有传统制造业。
为了保持竞争力,公司今天不仅关注产品性能因素也关注如何可以通过分配和管理,减少生产成本,以及如何快速将部分联系在一起,聚集,并分发到全球市场。快递公司帮助这些活动的顺利编制,因此成为有效的供应链管理的一部分。
2.1. 减少库存和其他间接成本。
有了快递公司的支持，公司不再需要保持大量库存，因此可以进行更集中，合理化仓库的位置。在由Gausch 和Koran(2001)进行的一项研究中发现，发展中国家的公司在制造业比美国公司的库存保有量多2-5倍。
拥有这些库存量可能因此减少百分之二十的单位生产成本，在一个典型的亚洲市场，物流供应链的成本高达22-24%，对于制造商来说，在另一项研究中人们发现，每1美元的快递运输支出，公司将在仓储和库存成本上捷盛1.5美元。对于制造商来说，利用快递的优势允许了更有效的库存管理，生产技术的实践。包括能更快速地响应股票中断和生产中断。这些间接成本并非总是可见的，往往被忽视，但对于新兴经济体的中小企业非常重要。其他的直接成本节约通过采购上更大的灵活性也可以得到实现。这种灵活性使企业能够使用来源更为广泛的供应商，减少其成本投入。
2.2. 将灵活性引入商业结构
快递公司可以有更灵活的解决方案。依托快递公司连接传统消除了传统重要的对市场时间的考虑。并允许企业根据竞争，邻近的配套产业和配套产业中心作出关于在何地设立业务单元的决定。
这和在生物医学和制药领域的知识型产业尤其相关。在德国进行的欧洲公司在快递服务使用方面的一项调查显示，百分之八十的受访者报告说，最大程度的参与领先的研究会中心实验室在这些地点的重要性，测试中心，医院，专利注册处，以及研究认为使企业受益于一个重要的创新产品开发环境。
在同一时间，产品开发单位依靠公司运送样品用于市场的临床试验，运送高度机密和专有的法律文件和专利申请，运输急需药品到医院，并为他的实验室维持准时制库存管理的做法。
3. 对经济的贡献
在世界许多地方，快递部门一直是贸易和投资的增长的催化剂，对整体的经济产生深远的乘数效应。东盟国家希望扩大他们的全球市场，快递公司简历的网络是至关重要的，这些网络使供应链更加有效，极大促进出口增长，刺激外国直接投资，促进区域发展和中小企业发展。
3.1. 促进出口增长
在东盟，内部区域贸易占据了总贸易的20%，这大大低于大部分地区。在有限的区域内贸易的主要目的是因为物流成本的格局和体制障碍制约了以土地为基础的贸易。这种现象使得该地区各国有效的接近工业国家而不是相互之间。为了充分实现利益，东盟自由贸易协定（AFTA），提升该地区经济落后的内陆国家至平均业绩水平是关键。
在整体贸易增长和紧密性之间有个因果关系，甚至在交通运输与物流基础设施和出口表现之间有一个更强的联系。
东盟国家的交通运输和物流相关的成本在货物的实际成本中继续占据着相当大的比例，从经济意义上来说，一个国家若是有着很高的物流成本，那它3必定远离国际市场。
在研究建立一个地理贸易成本（赫梅尔 1999）比较了同类产品制造商的销售额，运输成本每降低1个百分点出口享受5-8百分点较高市场的占有率。由麦肯锡集团所进行的另一项研究，一个亚洲国家每年的国内生产总值为预计将增加1.5到2个百分点在2010年之前如果物流成本降低15至20个百分点（这是相对于持续百亿美元基础设施项目将只产生0.7至1个百分点的国内生产总值增长较上年同期）。
事实上，为行业注入竞争力，以降低物流成本可以为开放型经济的生产商提供一个重要的竞争优势。高效率的多式联运，包括快递的使用，将导致更有效的供应链管理。
这些效率毫无疑问的增加了出口方面的收入，有经济战略研究所进行的一项研究得出结论，在航空快递业的进一步发展和自由化可能导致每年的出口比例从2004年到2008年之间的每年0.386-0.562%对于马来西亚、泰国、菲律宾以及每年3.86-5.62%对于越南和印度尼西亚。
3.2. 促进外国直接投资，促进地区发展
快递公司在影响企业决策投资多少和在哪里投资起着关键作用，这一点尤其适用于远程市场在EDS公司帮助企业克服地理和交通基础设施薄弱的问题。59%的参与调查的公司为报告“快递运输对欧洲经济的影响”（牛津经济预测，2004）做的调查中认为企业在选址时将是不是容易进入市场，客户或顾客作为“绝对必要”的考虑因素。
在欧盟，快递业的重要性是引人入目的。没有快递公司，35%葡萄牙受访者表示，他们不得不搬迁；受访的百分之十五的英国，百分之十的意大利公司考虑将公司搬到国外；30%法国公司和10%的比利时公司将会考虑外包。快递行业现在为欧盟直接或者间接提供了530000个工作岗。他们的存在满足了10个欧盟新成员国为创造工作机会而非常需要的下游的投资。12000名员工直接为欧盟新成员国里的四大快递巨头工作，无数员工在汽车制造业，仓储业，信息技术支持和服务中心工作。
快递产业是区域发展两种方式的始作俑者。首先，它允许企业设立在不接近他们市场的位置。其次，集群效应（企业想要靠近节点最新的收件时间优势），主要快递节点创造刺激区域发展。例如，据估计，该行业在中国进一步开放将大大协助其西部省份的区域发展。目前，它预计在该行业的增长将产生840亿美元的制造业产出增加，在未来五年内为中国的出口产业增加80万工作机会。
类似的好处也可以在东盟各国预计到。菲律宾的联邦快递和UPS的经验提供一个很好的例子。联邦快递自1995年以来一直设在苏比克湾，UPS从2002年在邦板牙克拉克有了它自己的亚洲内部节点。这两个节点和南亚各地的动态网络，已经成功的促进了产业集群，并刺激了菲律宾美军不驻扎地区的发展。
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文献信息： 文献标题：Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management（影响人力资源管理未来的挑战和机遇） 国外作者：Dianna L. Stone，Diana L. Deadrick 文献出处：《Human Resource Management Review》, 2015, 25(2):139-145 字数统计：英文3725单词，21193字符；中文6933汉字 外文文献： Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management Abstract Today, the field of Human Resource Management (HR) is experiencing numerous pressures for change. Shifts in the economy, globalization, domestic diversity, and technology have created new demands for organizations, and propelled the field in some completely new directions. However, we believe that these challenges also create numerous opportunities for HR and organizations as a whole. Thus, the primary purposes of this article are to examine some of the challenges and opportunities that should influence the future of HR. We also consider implications for future research and practice in the field. Keywords: Future of human resource management, Globalization, Knowledge economy Diversity, Technology 1.Change from a manufacturing to a service or knowledge economy One of the major challenges influencing the future of HR processes is the change from a manufacturing to a service or knowledgebased economy. This new economy is characterized by a decline in manufacturing and a growth in service or knowledge as the core of the economic base. A service economy can be defined as a system based on buying and selling of services or providing something for others (Oxford
文献出处: Waitz M. The small and medium-sized enterprise financing under P2P finance [J]. Journal of Business Research, 2016, 8(6): 81-91. 原文 The small and medium-sized enterprise financing under P2P finance Waitz M Abstract Small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficult is worldwide difficult problem. Article introduces the concept of the Internet financial, mainly summarized the P2P financial in the development of financial innovation and integration of science and technology, a combination of academic research on P2P financial now of the five directions of various views and opinions. Points out the current P2P financial problems in the development of risk control, and analyses the trend of the Internet financial. Keywords: P2P financial; Financial innovation; Risk control 1 Introduction Look from the history of enterprise development, a large enterprise originate from small and medium-sized enterprises. Small and medium-sized enterprises (smes) is the most dynamic part of the national economy, often walk in the forefront of technology development, in the high-tech industry, clean energy, green economy, etc, have good performance, play an important role in the economic transformation. Small and medium-sized enterprise financing difficult is worldwide difficult problem. These small and medium-sized enterprise financing environment and narrow channels, more than 60% are unable to get a bank loan. At present, science and technology enterprises and the characteristics of light assets, financing difficulties, become a huge bottleneck of sustainable development. 2 The concept of the Internet financial In the past two years, the Internet financial show explosive growth, since 2014, the Internet financial sector performance strength. Current economic field exists the phenomenon of two special contradiction, one is the small and medium-sized
文献翻译 原文 Combining JSP and Servlets The technology of JSP and Servlet is the most important technology which use Java technology to exploit request of server, and it is also the standard which exploit business application .Java developers prefer to use it for a variety of reasons, one of which is already familiar with the Java language for the development of this technology are easy to learn Java to the other is "a preparation, run everywhere" to bring the concept of Web applications, To achieve a "one-prepared everywhere realized." And more importantly, if followed some of the principles of good design, it can be said of separating and content to create high-quality, reusable, easy to maintain and modify the application. For example, if the document in HTML embedded Java code too much (script), will lead the developed application is extremely complex, difficult to read, it is not easy reuse, but also for future maintenance and modification will also cause difficulties. In fact, CSDN the JSP / Servlet forum, can often see some questions, the code is very long, can logic is not very clear, a large number of HTML and Java code mixed together. This is the random development of the defects. Early dynamic pages mainly CGI (Common Gateway Interface, public Gateway Interface) technology, you can use different languages of the CGI programs, such as VB, C / C + + or Delphi, and so on. Though the technology of CGI is developed and powerful, because of difficulties in programming, and low efficiency, modify complex shortcomings, it is gradually being replaced by the trend. Of all the new technology, JSP / Servlet with more efficient and easy to program, more powerful, more secure and has a good portability, they have been many people believe that the future is the most dynamic site of the future development of technology. Similar to CGI, Servlet support request / response model. When a customer submit a request to the server, the server presented the request Servlet, Servlet responsible for handling requests and generate a response, and then gave the server, and then from the server sent to
XXX学院 毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 学院：计算机与软件工程学院 专业：计算机科学技术(软件工程方向) 姓名： 学号： 外文出处：GoyKakus.THE RESEARCH OFCUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT STRATEGY [J]. International Journal of Management Research & Review, 2017, 1(9): 624-635. 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 客户关系管理战略研究 Goy Kakus 摘要 客户关系管理解决方案，通过为你提供客户业务数据来帮助你提供客户想要的服务或产品,提供更好的客户服务、交叉销售和更有效的销售,达成交易,保留现有客户并更好地理解你的客户是谁。本文探讨了客户关系管理模型在获得、保持与发展策略方面的优势。然而,我们对其定义和意义还存在一些困惑。本文通过考察关系营销和其他学科方面的相关文献，解释了客户关系管理的概念基础,从而对客户关系管理的知识作出了贡献。 关键词:客户关系管理模型, 客户关系管理的博弈改变者与关键策略 引言 CRM 是客户关系管理的简称。它的特征在于公司与客户的沟通,无论是销售还是服务相关的。客户关系管理这一术语经常用来解释企业客户关系,客户关系管理系统也以同样的方式被用来处理商业联系, 赢得客户,达成合同和赢得销售。 客户关系管理通常被考虑作为一个业务策略，从而使企业能够: *了解客户 *通过更好的客户体验留住客户 *吸引新客户 *赢得新客户和达成合同 *提高盈利 *减少客户管理成本 *通过服务台等工具软件,电子邮件组织者和不同类型的企业应用程序，企业业务经常寻求个性化的在线体验。 设计精良的客户关系管理包括以下特征: 1．客户关系管理是一种以顾客为中心并以客户投入为基础的服务响应，一对一的解决客户的必需品, 买家和卖家服务中心直接在线互动,帮助客户解决他
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 财务报表分析 A.财务比率 我们需要使用财务比率来分析财务报表，比较财务报表的分析方法不能真正有效的得出想要的结果，除非采取的是研究在报表中项目与项目之间关系的形式。例如，只是知道史密斯公司在一个特定的日期中拥有10000美元的现金余额，对我们是没有多大价值的。但是，假如我们知道，这种余额在这种平衡中有4%的流动负债，而一年前的现金余额有25%的流动负债。由于银行家对公司通常要求现金余额保持在银行信用度的20%，不管使用或不使用，如果公司的财务状况出现问题，我们可以立即发现。 我们可以对比比较财务报表中的项目，作出如下结论： 1. 项目之间的资产负债表比较： a）在资产负债表中的一个日期之间的比较，例如项目，现金与流动负债相比； b）同一项目在资产负债表中一个日期与另一个日期之间的比较，例如，现在的现金与一年前比较； c）比较两个项目之间在资产负债表中一个日期和一个相似比率在资产负债表中的另一个日期的比率，例如，现在现金流动负债的比率与另一个项目一年前的相似比率和已经标记的现金状况趋势的比较。 2．项目报表中收入和支出的比较： a）一定时期中的报表项目的比较； b）同一项目在报表中现阶段与上个阶段的比较； c）报表中项目之间的比率与去年相似比率的比较； 3．资产负债表中的项目与报表中收入和支出项目的比较： a）在这些报表项目之间的一个给定的时间内，例如，今年净利润可能以百分比计算今年净值； b）两个报表中项目之间的比率在这几年时间的比较，例如，净利润的比率占今年净值的百分比与去年或者前年的相似比率的比较 如果我们采用上述比较或比率，然后依次比较它们，我们的比较分析结果将获得重要意义：
https://www.doczj.com/doc/a99754202.html,/finance/company/consumer.html Consumer finance company The consumer finance division of the SG group of France has become highly active within India. They plan to offer finance for vehicles and two-wheelers to consumers, aiming to provide close to Rs. 400 billion in India in the next few years of its operations. The SG group is also dealing in stock broking, asset management, investment banking, private banking, information technology and business processing. SG group has ventured into the rapidly growing consumer credit market in India, and have plans to construct a headquarters at Kolkata. The AIG Group has been approved by the RBI to set up a non-banking finance company (NBFC). AIG seeks to introduce its consumer finance and asset management businesses in India. AIG Capital India plans to emphasize credit cards, mortgage financing, consumer durable financing and personal loans. Leading Indian and international concerns like the HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Barclays and HDFC Bank are also waiting to be approved by the Reserve Bank of India to initiate similar operations. AIG is presently involved in insurance and financial services in more than one hundred countries. The affiliates of the AIG Group also provide retirement and asset management services all over the world. Many international companies have been looking at NBFC business because of the growing consumer finance market. Unlike foreign banks, there are no strictures on branch openings for the NBFCs. GE Consumer Finance is a section of General Electric. It is responsible for looking after the retail finance operations. GE Consumer Finance also governs the GE Capital Asia. Outside the United States, GE Consumer Finance performs its operations under the GE Money brand. GE Consumer Finance currently offers financial services in more than fifty countries. The company deals in credit cards, personal finance, mortgages and automobile solutions. It has a client base of more than 118 million customers throughout the world
我国第三方物流中存在的问题、原因及战略选择 熊卫 【摘要】我国物流业发展刚刚起步，第三方物流的理论和实践等方面都比较薄弱。本文指出我国第三方物流存在的问题在于国内外第三方物流企业差距、物流效率不高、缺乏系统性管理、物流平台构筑滞后、物流管理观念落后等。分析了产生上述问题的原因，并提出了精益物流、中小型第三方物流企业价值链联盟、大型第三方物流企业虚拟化战略等三种可供选择的第三方物流企业发展战略。 【关键词】第三方物流；精益物流战略；价值链联盟；虚拟化战略 1引言 长期以来，我国国内企业对采购、运输、仓储、代理、包装、加工、配送等环节控制能力不强，在“采购黑洞”、“物流陷井”中造成的损失浪费难以计算。因此，对第三方物流的研究，对于促进我国经济整体效益的提高有着非常重要的理论和实践意义。本文试图对我国策三方物流存在的问题及原因进行分析探讨，并提出第三方物流几种可行的战略选择。 2我国第三方物流业存在的主要问题 (一)我国策三方物流企业与国外第三方物流企业的差距较大，具体表现在以下几个方面： 1、规模经济及资本差距明显。由于国外的大型第三方物流企业从全球经营的战略出发，其规模和资本优势是毫无疑问的，尤其初创时期的我国策三方物流业，本身的规模就很小，国外巨头雄厚的资本令国内企业相形见绌。 2、我国策三方物流业企业提供的物流服务水准及质量控制远不如国外同行。当国内一些企业还在把物流理解成“卡车加仓库“的时候，国外的物流企业早已完成了一系列标准化的改造。同时，国外的物流组织能力非常强大，例如德国一家第三方物流公司，公司各方面的物流专家遍布欧洲各地。如果有客户的货物需要经达不同的国家，那么欧洲各地的这些专家就在网上设计出一个最佳的物流解决方案。这种提供解决方案的能力就是这第三方物流公司的核心能力，而不像国内公司号称拥有多少条船，多少辆车。 3、我国加入WTO后物流产业的门槛降低。在物流服务业方面：我国承诺所有的服务行业，在经过合理过渡期后，取消大部分外国股权限制，不限制外国服务供应商进入
Project Budget Monitor and Control Author：Yin Guo-li Nationality：American Derivation：Management Science and Engineering.Montreal: Mar 20, 2010 . With the marketing competitiveness growing, it is more and more critical in budget control of each project. This paper discusses that in the construction phase, how can a project manager be successful in budget control. There are many methods discussed in this paper, it reveals that to be successful, the project manager must concern all this methods. 1. INTRODUCTION The survey shows that most projects encounter cost over-runs (Williams Ackermann, Eden, 2002,pl92). According to Wright (1997)'s research, a good rule of thumb is to add a minimum of 50% to the first estimate of the budget (Gardiner and Stewart, 1998, p251). It indicates that project is very complex and full of challenge. Many unexpected issues will lead the project cost over-runs. Therefore, many technologies and methods are developed for successful monitoring and control to lead the project to success. In this article, we will discuss in the construction phase, how can a project manager to be successful budget control. 2. THE CONCEPT AND THE PURPOSE OF PROJECT CONTROL AND MONITOR Erel and Raz (2000) state that the project control cycle consists of measuring the status of the project, comparing to the plan, analysis of the deviations, and implementing any appropriate corrective actions. When a project reach the construction phase, monitor and control is critical to deliver the project success. Project monitoring exists to establish the need to take corrective action, whilst there is still time to take action. Through monitoring the activities, the project team can analyze the deviations and decide what to do and actually do it. The purpose of monitor and control is to support the implementation of corrective actions, ensure projects stay on target or get project back on target once it has gone off target。
互联网金融对传统金融业的影响外文文献翻译(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) 译文： 互联网金融对传统金融业的影响 摘要 网络的发展，深刻地改变甚至颠覆了许多传统行业，金融业也不例外。近年来，金融业成为继商业分销、传媒之后受互联网影响最为深远的领域，许多基于互联网的金融服务模式应运而生，并对传统金融业产生了深刻的影响和巨大的冲击。“互联网金融”成为社会各界关注的焦点。 互联网金融低成本、高效率、关注用户体验，这些特点使其能够充分满足传统金融“长尾市场”的特殊需求，灵活提供更为便捷、高
效的金融服务和多样化的金融产品，大大拓展了金融服务的广度和深度，缩短了人们在时空上的距离，建立了一种全新的金融生态环境；可以有效整合、利用零散的时间、信息、资金等碎片资源，积少成多，形成规模效益，成为各类金融服务机构新的利润增长点。此外，随着互联网金融的不断渗透和融合，将给传统金融行业带来新的挑战和机遇。互联网金融可以促进传统银行业的转型，弥补传统银行在资金处理效率、信息整合等方面的不足；为证券、保险、基金、理财产品的销售与推广提供新渠道。对于很多中小企业来说，互联网金融拓展了它们的融资渠道，大大降低了融资门槛，提高了资金的使用效率。但是，互联网金融的跨行业性决定了它的风险因素更为复杂、敏感、多变，因此要处理好创新发展与市场监管、行业自律的关系。 关键词：互联网金融；商业银行；影响；监管 1 引言 互联网技术的不断发展，云计算、大数据、社交网络等越来越多的互联网应用为传统行业的业务发展提供了有力支持，互联网对传统行业的渗透程度不断加深。20世纪末，微软总裁比尔盖茨就曾断言，“传统商业银行会成为新世纪的恐龙”。如今，随着互联网电子信息技术的发展，我们真切地感受到了这种趋势，移动支付、电子银行早已在我们的日常生活中占据了重要地位。 由于互联网金融的概念几乎完全来自于商业实践，因此目前的研究多集中在探讨互联网金融的具体模式上，而对传统金融行业的影响力分析和应对措施则缺乏系统性研究。互联网与金融行业一向是风险
外文文献原稿和译文 原稿 JSP JSP (JavaServer Pages) is initiated by Sun Microsystems, Inc., with many companies to participate in the establishment of a dynamic web page technical standards. JSP technology somewhat similar to ASP technology, it is in the traditional HTML web page document (*. htm, *. html) to insert the Java programming paragraph (Scriptlet) and JSP tag (tag), thus JSP documents (*. jsp). Using JSP development of the Web application is cross-platform that can run on Linux, is also available for other operating systems. JSP technology to use the Java programming language prepared by the category of XML tags and scriptlets, to produce dynamic pages package processing logic. Page also visit by tags and scriptlets exist in the services side of the resources of logic. JSP page logic and web page design and display separation, support reusable component-based design, Web-based application development is rapid and easy. Web server in the face of visits JSP page request, the first implementation of the procedures of, and then together with the results of the implementation of JSP documents in HTML code with the return to the customer. Insert the Java programming operation of the database can be re-oriented websites, in order to achieve the establishment of dynamic pages needed to function. JSP and Java Servlet, is in the implementation of the server, usually returned to the client is an HTML text, as long as the client browser will be able to visit. JSP pages from HTML code and Java code embedded in one of the components. The server was in the pages of client requests after the Java code and then will generate the HTML pages to return to the client browser. Java Servlet JSP is the technical foundation and large-scale Web application development needs of Java Servlet and JSP support to
XXX 学院 毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 学院：计算机与软件工程学院 专业：计算机科学技术(软件工程方向) 姓名： 学号： 外文出处：Goy Kakus.THE RESEARCH OFCUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT STRATEGY [J]. International Journal of Management Research & Review, 2017, 1(9): 624-635. 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 客户关系管理战略研究 Goy Kakus 摘要 客户关系管理解决方案，通过为你提供客户业务数据来帮助你提供客户想要的服务或产品,提供更好的客户服务、交叉销售和更有效的销售,达成交易,保留现有客户并更好地理解你的客户是谁。本文探讨了客户关系管理模型在获得、保持与发展策略方面的优势。然而,我们对其定义和意义还存在一些困惑。本文通过考察关系营销和其他学科方面的相关文献，解释了客户关系管理的概念基础,从而对客户关系管理的知识作出了贡献。 关键词:客户关系管理模型, 客户关系管理的博弈改变者与关键策略 引言 CRM 是客户关系管理的简称。它的特征在于公司与客户的沟通,无论是销售还是服务相关的。客户关系管理这一术语经常用来解释企业客户关系,客户关系管理系统也以同样的方式被用来处理商业联系, 赢得客户,达成合同和赢得销售。 客户关系管理通常被考虑作为一个业务策略，从而使企业能够: *了解客户 *通过更好的客户体验留住客户 *吸引新客户 *赢得新客户和达成合同 *提高盈利 *减少客户管理成本 *通过服务台等工具软件,电子邮件组织者和不同类型的企业应用程序，企业业务经常寻求个性化的在线体验。 设计精良的客户关系管理包括以下特征: 1．客户关系管理是一种以顾客为中心并以客户投入为基础的服务响应，一对一的解决客户的必需品, 买家和卖家服务中心直接在线互动,帮助客户解决他
文献信息： 文献标题：INTERNET FINANCE: DIGITAL CURRENCIES AND ALTERNATIVE FINANCE LIBERATING THE CAPITAL MARKETS（互联网金融：数字货币和替代金融解放资本市场） 国外作者：Kim Wales 文献出处：《Journal of Governance and Regulation》, 2015,4(1):190-201 字数统计：英文2505单词，13427字符；中文4405汉字 外文文献： INTERNET FINANCE: DIGITAL CURRENCIES AND ALTERNATIVE FINANCE LIBERATING THE CAPITAL MARKETS Abstract This article discusses how the sudden shift in policy reform and innovation has the potential to liberate the financial markets. The economic potential of internet finance is beginning to take hold across the capital markets as industries like Peer–to–Peer Lending, Equity and Debt based Crowdfunding and virtual currencies and cryptocurrencies which are types of digital currency are quickly transforming the way businesses are being financed. From borrowing and lending, buying and selling securities, to conducting wire transfers internationally, these innovations are creating a new class and generation of investors will source investments opportunities. Helping institutions and governments assess risks and manage performance in order to determine where to deploy capital; and showing signs of lessening the inequality gap. Following the neolithic agricultural revolution and the industrial revolution, this new revolution will enable more people to access financial services in less traditional ways, especially the unbanked world with its huge potential. These new financial opportunities, such as peer –to - peer (P2P) lending, will be discussed and examined, and we will stress how they can allow people to bypass
快递服务业概述 An Overview of Express Delivery Services Material Source :A Report By US—ASEAN Business Council,2005 Author ： James I. Campbell Jr. A．Characteristics of an Express Delivery Company Four major integrators : UPS， FedEx， TNT， and DHL， account for almost 85 percent of the world's express shipments. The services that these companies provide generally share the following characteristics which differentiate them from other traditional forms of delivery services： Door-to-door delivery ： this includes the seamless transfer across multiple modes of transport . the “integrated” aspect of the service offered frees the customer from the need to make complex transportation arrangements for pick-up and delivery。 Close custodial control ： Using sophisticated information systems that enhance security ，EDS firms maintain close custodial and administrative control over all shipments。This is particularly important to reduce the risk of loss or damage to goods in transit。 Track and trace technology : Shippers and consignees may track the precise movement and location of their shipments and confirm delivery with the use of sophisticated ‘track and trace'technology that an EDS firm provides。 Facilitation of customs clearance ： EDS firms assist with customs clearance so that customers do not have to navigate bureaucratic customs regimes and the required paperwork. High level of reliability ： EDS firms promise that packages will