l 翻译的原则
翻译界长期信奉的原则是“信”、“达”、“雅”三原则，但在四级考试中，对汉语没有很高的要求，所
以我们只要做到“信”和“达”就可以了。当然，要做到这两点的根本是理解。
1. 理解第一原则
很多的“名师”很重视英译汉的技巧，以至于很多趋骛的考生过分侧重对翻译技巧的训练，而忽略
了翻译实际上是英文理解和英汉转换两个方面完美结合的过程。而从以往四级英语考试的翻译试题来看，往往要求翻译的句子正是阅读短文中的难句、长句，评分的原则也是“对译文的要求是“正确”和“表达清楚”，对汉语不作过高要求”。如果拿着翻译题就一味想着把英文往中文里套，却没有意识到自己
对原文的理解实际上就有偏差，这就很难得到理想的分数了。
因此，拿到翻译题之后，第一重要的是先确定原句的意思。如果句子较长，可以先找主、谓、宾、定、状、补，分析清楚句子结构，然后再理解。切忌逐字翻译。
从四级考试选择翻译句子的特点上来说，有点象是针对大学英语精读课文中的重点难点句子的解
析和翻译这一环节的测试。因此大家在平常英语课学习时，要注意积极参与课堂的句子解析活动，多
分析复杂长句的结构。这样，到考试时驾轻就熟，就很容易得分。
为了便于大家复习，下面总结了一些在大学英语精读课文中出现的长句，大家可以自己分析理解
一下。然后，译为中文。
1. Taboo is a word from the language of the Fiji Islands that is used to describe something that
is forbidden
“禁忌”一词来自斐济群岛的语言，用来描述受到禁止的事。
“that is used to describe something that is forbidden” modifies “a word”.
2. Career planning includes gathering information about ourselves and about occupations, estimating the probable outcomes of various courses of action, and finally , choosing alternatives
that we find attractive and feasible.
择业规划包括备齐有关我们以及职业的信息资料，估计各种行动过程中可能出现的结果，最后作出我们认为有吸引力并且可行的选择。
3.Of course, complacency is appropriate for any decision in which nothing much is at stake, but
that does not describe career decisions
当然，对于那些不是厉害攸关的决策自满是可以的，但涉及职业方面的决策就不行了。
4.Society no longer attaches the stigma of “instability” to the idea of career hopping, as it once did.
社会已不再像过去那样把跳槽看作是“不安分”的事了。
5.The British Automobile Association, which is concerned with road safety, commissioned research into the relationship between serious accidents and music.
英国汽车协会关注道路安全，它委托进行了一次关于严重车祸与音乐关系的研究。
6. As well as the type of the music affecting road safety, the very fact that we have high-tech
music systems built into our car also causes accidents.
和影响交通安全的某种音乐一样，我们给车里安装高科技的音响系统这个事实本身也是引起车祸
的原因。
7. The distant sound of low voices, broken now and again by singing, reached Okonkwo from his
wives’ huts as each woman and her children told folk stories.
从小木屋里远远传来的低声细语，时不时地被歌声打断，奥康瓦听到了，这是他的妻子们同各自
的孩子在讲民间故事。
8. None of the birds had heard of this custom but they knew that Tortoise, in spite of his failings
in other areas, was a widely traveled man who knew the customs of different peoples.
鸟儿们谁也没听说过这个习俗，但他们知道，尽管乌龟在其他方面有很多缺点，他却到过很多地
方，知晓不同民族的风俗习惯。in spite of 引导让步状语
9.Even top corporate managers, who have mostly affected styles of leadership that can be characterized as tough, cold and aloof, have begun to learn the lesson, and earn the benefits, of
writing notes that lift people up.
那些通常古板做作的公司高层经理们，其作风可以被形容为粗暴，冷漠，脱离群众。甚至这些人
也开始学习写便函去鼓舞人心，且获益匪浅。
10.And knowing that this sort of marking can sting, I would of course write, onto the end of the
paper, something about how I know the student really tried hard, something about his rich imagination or potential for doing well.
由于我懂得这种批改的做法会刺伤他，我当然会在作文的最后写上诸如我是如何了解学生真的很
刻苦，他有如何丰富的想象力或他明显表露出的会写好作文的潜力等等。
11。Sometimes I think that these modern fairy tales create as many problems for women as the
old stories that had us biding our time for the day our prince would come.
有时我觉得这些现代版童话故事给妇女带来的问题和那些使得我们总是等着王子的到来的古老的故
事一样多。
12．They also serve who stand and wait,” wrote the poet John Milton, but he forgot to add that they don’t get to be superwomen that way.
They also serve who stand and wait 相当于They who stand and wait also do service to the society ，其中who stand and wait 是they 的定语从句，被后置。
句中that way相当于in that way以那样的方式，文中指的是“站着等候”。
那些站着等候的人也在服务社会，诗人约翰弥尔顿写道。但是他忘记了这些人站着等成不了女
强人。
2. 信的原则
所谓“信”，就是要忠实、准确。
翻译所要表达的是被翻译文章的观点和内容，因而难免会遇到译者不同意或不熟悉的内容和观
点。但是译者没有选择的权利，必须按照原文的内容和观点来译，使译文忠于原文。任何句子的翻译
都必须准确、完整的传达原文作者的思想内容。译者不得对原文的意思做任何增删或改动。例如：
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/a818940060.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） 四级翻译题目 87、Because of noise outside,Nancy had great difficulty________(集中注意力在实验上） 88、The manager never laughed;neither________(她也从来没有发过脾气）。 89、We look forward to____________________( 被邀请出席开幕式). 90、It is suggested that the air conditioner ____________________（要安装在窗户旁边） 91、The 16 year old girl decided to travel abroad on her own despite______(她父母的强烈反对） 参考答案 87、in focusing on the experiment 88、had she lost her temper. 89、being invited to attend the opening ceremony. 90、(should) be installed by the window. 91、her parents’strong objection. 87. You would not have failed if___(按照我的指令去做) 【参考答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders 。【权威解析】本题较为容易，属于识记型题目。考点有三个：第一是按照所给出的汉语提示，由于主句和从句的主语是一致的，因此在做答案的时候应该在从句中补全主语you，很多学生出现遗漏，就按照汉语意思直译了，造成不必要的失分；第二是固定搭配“按照。。。的指令”表达为follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多样化的表达，两者选其一就可以；第三个考点是if从句的虚拟语气考查；根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would have的形式，从句中应该采用had 过去分词的结构；综上，很容易得出答案you had followed my instructions 。 88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ___(放弃对知识的追求) 【参考答案】abandoned the pursuit of knowledge。 【权威解析】本题的考点主要有两个：首先根据句子的已知部分判断，需要填写的部分应该采用过去时，这一点大家一定要注意；其次，考查固定搭配，1）“放弃做某事”abandon sth；“知识的追求’的表达是the pursuit of knowledge ”，综上，得出正确答案。在句子的已知部分，encounter the hardship也是非常重要的固定搭配，意思为“遇到困难”。 89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time before____(我们找到治愈癌症的方法) 【参考答案】we find the cure for cancer。 【权威解析】首先根据句子的已知部分，可以判断出填写的部分用一般现在时；其次，要注意汉语提示部分是“治愈”而不是“治疗”，因此要用cure 而不能用treat，这就提醒我们学习单词的时候一定要注意细节，否则用错了，分数就丢掉
大学英语四级考试翻译的答题要点 翻译作为语言听、说、读、写、译五大能力之一，新大纲就六级阶段的要求提出，学生应“能借助词典将难度略低于课文的英语短文译成汉语，理解正确、译文达意，译速为每小时350个英语单词。能借助词典将内容熟悉的汉语文字材料译成英语，译文达意，无重大语言错误，译速为每小时300个汉字。”英译汉是 1996年大学英语考试委员会公布的第一批新题型中的一类，属主观题，该题型从属于阅读理解部分，从阅读理解的四篇短文中选取5个片断，大部分是一个较长、较复杂的句子，但有时也有2-3个句子组成的一个段落或片断。要求考生在15分钟内将该5题译成汉语，占分10%，每题2分。根据指令提示，翻译时还可回到前面参阅所译句子的有关上下文。 两种语言的对译讲究的是“信、达、雅”，这是翻译题评分的基本原则。“信”即忠实于原文；“达”即达意，即译文与原文的语义上的一致或等同，这是评分的重要原则，考生是否理解了原文，是否忠实于原文，都要根据译文的内容来作评判，所以“达”是根本。考试意义上的翻译对“雅”的要求不同于文学翻译，要求并不太高，只是译文应通顺流畅，符合译文语言的表达习惯。 一、英译汉样题、参考答案及评分标准 英译汉题型有详细、具体的评分标准，每道题的2分被统一细化为四个0.5分，三个0.5用以判给题中的三个语言点，即每题就语言而言有三个得分点，一个0.5分判给整句译文的语言结构是否通顺流畅、符合汉语习惯。 二、答题要点与真题解析 英译汉必须以理解原文为前提，而短文中句子或段落片段的翻译还必须基于对原文上下文的理解，所以英译汉试题解题的第一要点是: 正确理解短文，精确理解所译部分，准确分析该部分的句法结构和表意逻辑关系。要将一道英译汉题做好，必须精确地理解所需翻译的那部分句子，而精确的理解必须以正确理解短文为前提，有时还须准确地对有关句子的结构作语法分析，同时，还必须理清该部分在语意方面有几个层次及各层次间的先后关系。 在准确理解原文后，要注意正确、恰当地用汉语将原文各层次的语意以与原来相同的先后关系表达出来，这又需要了解一些译文处理技巧，要不然，在英语的影响下，你的译文形似汉语，读起来仍“洋味十足”。所以解答汉译英的第二要点是: 学会用符合习惯的标准汉语表述原文。几种在翻译中经常用到的避免英式汉语的方法是: （1）拆译法。选作英译汉试题的英语句子通常都较复杂，往往从句套从句，翻成译语要把这些从句拆开，翻成一句句相对独立的汉语句子——这么做使理清各语意层次的先后关系显得非常重要。 （2）合译法。英语中定语从句、同位语从句及用作定语的介词短语、分词短语和不定短语常后置在名词中心词之后，翻译时有时需要将这些后置修饰语合并到名词中心词的前置定语之中。 （3）重组法。英语句子结构越复杂，与以短句为特点的汉语表达习惯的差距越大，这时需要采用重组概念，改变一种角度，对原文各层次的语意进行重组，以恰到好处、通顺地道的汉语正确表达原文的信息。 根据英译汉评分标准，每道题有四个得分点，所以在英译汉答题时，还要注意第三点: 分析原文各题的得分点，重点理解，重点表达。从样题及历年英译汉真题实例中，我们发现，得分点一般都是一些特定的短语、句式或与短文要点密切相关的重要词语。对于原文中的这些语言点，考生必须结合上下文反复琢磨，求得理解上的准确，而后通过上面介绍的几种翻译处理技巧，恰当地将它们用汉语表达出来。 以下是英译汉真题实例解析。
英语四级句子翻译.txt你看得见我打在屏幕上的字，却看不到我掉在键盘上的 泪！自己选择45°仰视别人，就休怪他人135°俯视着看你。一、 I.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达 例1：他提出的论据相当不充实。 译文：The argument he put forward is pretty thin. (词) 例2：我们确信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。 译文：We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短语) 例3：他七十岁了，可是并不显老。 译文：He was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子) II.汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达 例4：他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。 译文：He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (词) 例5：调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。 译文：The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease. (短语) 例6：这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。 译文：Such actions couldn’t long escape notice. (句子) III.特殊的否定句式 例7：有利必有弊。 译文：There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否定) 例8：我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。 译文：In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. (否定转移) 二、 分句、合句法 很多情况下，翻译句子的时候，需要调整原来的句子结构，分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。 I.分句法 汉译英时，需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。 如果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。如以下五个例子： 例1. 少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。(按内 容层次分译) 译文： Youth will soon be gone， never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. 例2. 她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。(从主语变换处分译)
学习好资料欢迎下载 英语四级翻译难点及解题技巧 一、四级核心词组： 例如have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something(做某事有困难)已经考过三次，需要注意的是，in可以省略，后面要使用动词的动名词形式。 1)2006年6月87题：Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble (找到去历史博物馆的路). 解析：答案为(in) finding the way to the Museum of History，“历史博物馆”最好译为“the Museum of History”，专有名词注意大小写。 2)2009年6月87题：Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had (很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English. 解析：答案为difficulty in catching up with his classmates，此题也考察了catch up with(跟上)这一四级核心词组。
Because of noise outside, Nancy had great 题：87月6年3)2010 学习好资料欢迎下载 difficulty (集中注意力在实验上). 解析：答案为(in) focusing/concentrating on her experiment，此题亦考察focus/concentrate on(集中注意力)这一四级核心词组。 二、倒装句：考过三次，需要注意的前半句与后半句时态应前后呼应。 1)大纲样题88题：Not only (他向我收费过高), but he didn't do a good repair jo b either. 解析：答案为did he charge me too much/overcharge me，本句后半句使用了一般过去时，前半句也应使用一般过去时，not only放在句首引导倒装句。“收费过多”可译为overcharge me或charge me too much.。 2)2008年6月91题：(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. 解析：答案为Not until he had accomplished his mission，此题
2013年12月大学英语四级考试翻译题目 许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill bu t also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Alth ough cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Sinc e food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between ce real, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Informati on Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this ph enomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for s tudents should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a nee d, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Inf ormation Technology aroused public concern. "你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 "Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coff ee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discove red by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease . During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drin king spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it s pread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chine se tradition and culture. 中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚,中国结常常作为礼物交换或
一、中国龙 对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。 译文 Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion. 二、秧歌 多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。 Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light
英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化 京剧Peking opera 秦腔Qin opera 功夫Kungfo 太极Tai Chi 口技ventriloquism 木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏shadowplay 折子戏opera highlights 杂技acrobatics 相声witty dialogue comedy 刺绣embroidery 苏绣Suzhou embroidery 泥人clay figure 书法calligraphy 中国画traditional Chinese painting 水墨画Chinese brush painting 中国结Chinese knot 中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass 青铜器bronze ware 瓷器porcelain; china 唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰蓝cloisonne 秋千swing 武术martial arts 儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化Confucian culture 道教Taoism 墨家Mohism 法家Legalism 佛教Buddhism 孔子Confucius 孟子Mencius 老子Lao Tzu 庄子Chuang Tzu 墨子Mo Tzu 孙子Sun Tzu 象形文字pictographic characters 文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone) 《大学》The Great Learning
一、翻译的标准 严复：信、达、雅（faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance—忠实于原文；译文通顺易懂；译文展示出风采） 二、汉译英常用方法和技巧 与词有关的翻译方法包括： 直译和意译 词义的选择 词的增补与省略 词类转义法 重复法 正说反译法和反说正译法 分句法和合句法 直译和意译 首先应当指出，直译不是死译，而是指基本保留原有句子结构，照字面意思翻译。意译也不是胡译、乱译，而是在不损害原文内容和精神的前提下，为了表达的需要，对原文作相应的调整。 例 原文：我们的朋友遍天下。 直译：Our friends are all over the world. 意译：We have friends all over the world. 直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨，意译则更多考虑英语的特点，更强调译文的效果，不求形式对应，只求语言在深层次中的对应。总之，选择直译还是意译，应该根据文章具体需要而定，两种译法可以并用。 能直译则直译 例 原文：爱是耐心和善良；爱不是妒忌和吹嘘；爱不是傲慢和粗鲁。 译文： Love is patience and kindness; love is not jealous and boast; love is not
arrogance and rudeness. 原文：你们要八仙过海，各显其能，完成这项工作。 译文：You should display your special prowess like eight immortals ( in Chinese legend) crossing the sea, to fulfill this task. 必须意译 例 原文：怕什么呢死了张屠夫，还有李屠夫，人多得很。 直译：If Butcher Zhang dies, there’s Butcher Li yet. 译文：What are you afraid of He is not the only pebble on the beach. 意译效果比直译好 例 原文：她怕碰一鼻子灰，话到了嘴边，又把它吞了下去。 译文：She was afraid of being turned down / snubbed, so she swallowed the words that came up to her lips. 词义的选择 汉译英的过程就是寻找适当的英语词、词组和句型来重新表达汉语原文的思想的过程。正确的选词是保证译文质量的重要前提。词的选择主要从以下两个方面着手。 一、根据上下文正确理解原文的词义 词的正确选择首先取决于对原文词义的确切理解，而这又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。在具体运用中，词义往往随着语言情境而千变万化，因此，我们必须熟悉词在运用中的灵活变化，才有可能选择出等值词或近值词。 英语词汇在翻译成汉语时也需要根据具体的语言环境选择适当的词义，因为汉语也有丰富的同义表达法。 二、辨析词义和正确选词 （一）注意词的广义和狭义 词义有广狭之分，运用范围也就各不相同。
一、答题技巧现代翻译理论认为，句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻（一）分句、合句法很多情况下，翻译句子的时候，需要调整原来的句子结构，分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种１．分句法汉译英时，需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句（1）从主语变换处断句[例1]与会者对这个问题的观点差别太大，以致发生了争吵，一时会场的气氛紧张起来。The opinions of the attendants about this issue were far from unanimous so that some of th（2）从关联词(如转折处断句[例2]昨天出了好几起交通事故，或许是因为有大雾的缘故吧！There were several traffic accidents yesterday．Maybe because of the heavy fog．[例7]老年人有长处，但也有很大的弱点，老年人容易固执，因此老年人也要有点自觉性。Old people have strengths but also great weaknesses--they tend to be stubborn，for example原文的几个短旬可被分为两个部分，后面一部分补充说明前面一部分的“弱点”。使用破折号可以简单（3）从主语变换处合译[例8]不注意眼睛的休息，长时间近距离用眼或长期的不正确姿势，会使人眼处于视疲劳状态，进而形成If they are used for a long time without rest，or kept close to the object or with your bo（二）转句译法汉语复句英译时，可以按照汉语复句原有的句内关系进行翻译。但如果按汉语顺序翻译，出现[例1]任何一个人，如果不努力学习新东西，都会被时代所淘汰。Any person who refuses to learn new things will be left behind the times．原句的状语修饰关系在译成英文时可转译为定语从句。[例2]当渔夫沿着小溪捕鱼时，无意中到了一个地方，只见两岸都是桃林，桃花如霞，绿草如茵。 指在翻译过程中对语序进行的转换调整。语序是指句子成分的排列次序。汉语是分析型的语言，语1．定语的换序汉语中定语通常放在名词之前。即使几个定语连用或很长的词组作定语，也都要放在名词之前。而[例1]他就是那位著名的美国科学家。He is the distinguished American scientist．[例２]上海是我国最大的工业基地之一。Shanghai is one of the largest industrial bases in our country．[例３]差不多同时开放的几千朵美丽的红玫瑰，在春季里吸引了许多人到公园来。Thousands of beautiful red roses that blossom almost at the same time make the park the gr翻译时，定语应尽量与中心词靠近。[例４]我参观了青岛四方区，自我离开该区
Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 1. 虚拟语气 ?(CET4-2006.12) The victim might have had a chance to survive / would have survived (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. ?(CET4-2009.06) If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary would not have been caught in the heavy rain (就不会被大雨淋了). ?(CET4-2009.12) You would not have failed if you had followed my instructions (按照我的指令去做). ?(CET4-2010.06) It is suggested that the air-conditioner (should) be installed by the window (要安装在窗户旁). ?(CET4-2010.12) There would be no life on earth but for / without its unique environment (没有地球独特的环境). ?(CET4-2010.12) They requested that books I borrowed (should) be returned to the library (我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday. ?(CET4-2011.06) Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she could be assigned (to) another job (能被分配做另一项工作). ?(CET4-2012.06) Those flowers looked as if they had not been watered for a long time (好长时间没有浇水了). ?(CET4-2012.12) We could have avoided making this silly mistake (本来可以避免犯这个愚蠢的错误), but we didn’t follow his advice. ?(CET4-2012.12) Yesterday Jane left the meeting early. Otherwise, she could have said something she would regret later (可能会说一些后来会懊悔的话). ?(CET4-2012.12) If the reaction were to take place, a tremendous amount of energy would be released (巨大的能量就会被释放出来). ?(CET6-2010.06) Most educators advise that kids (should) not be addicted to / obsessed with computer games (不要沉溺于电脑游戏). ?(CET6-2011.12) You shouldn't have run across the road without looking. You would have been knocked down by a car (也许会被车撞倒的). ?(CET6-2012.06) But for the survival instinct which nearly all creatures have, more species would have been extinct from the earth (更多的物种就可能已经在地球上灭绝了). ?(CET6-2012.12) Without the atmosphere, we would be forced to look for the shelter which helps us hide from the sun (将被迫寻找躲避太阳的藏身处), as there would be nothing to protect us from its deadly rays. ?(CET6-2012.12) If only they were here right now (他们要是此刻在这儿就好了), we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary. 2. 倒装结构 ?(CET4-2008.06) Not until he had finished the mission (直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill. ?(CET4-2010.06) The manager never laughed; neither did she lose her temper before (她也从来没有发过脾气). ?(CET4-2011.06) The university authorities did not approve the regulation, nor did they give any reason / make any explanation (也没有解释为什么). ?(CET4-2012.12) I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never before in my life had I felt so excited (我感到如此激动)! ?(CET4-2012.12) Hardly had John finished his introductory remark when he was interrupted by the audience (他就被听众打断了). ?(CET4-2012.12) Only when you have passed the tests required can you apply for a driver’s license (你才能申请驾驶执照). ?(CET6-2009.12) Much regretted as I felt (我感到遗憾), I was unable to finish the work on time. ?(CET6-2010.06) Never has their only son thought (他们的独生儿子从未想过) to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties. ?(CET6-2010.06) He assured his friend that under no circumstances would he break his promise / commitment to repay / pay back the money (他会违背还钱的承诺). ?(CET6-2010.12) Only when I reached my thirties did I realize that reading can not be neglected / is unignorable (我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的).
200年1月大学英语四级作文题目及范文 1．建议报考的专业及理由 2．报考该专业的基本条件 3．应当如何备考 A Letter in Reply to a Friend Dear sir, When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching, translation, foreign trade and so on. What’s more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good jo b in the tighter and tighter job market. In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, “Practice makes perfect”. In the second place, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for your future study. Last but not the least important, you need an intense interest in learning English since “interest is the best teacher.” As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary. In addition, you’d better spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university. Yours, Li Ming 作文地带提供参考翻译：给朋友的一封回信 亲爱的…： 你问我关于你应该报考的专业，我建议你选英语为你的主修学科。首先，英语是世界上最受欢迎的语言，它在教学，运输，外贸等许多领域得到广泛应用。此外，在越来越严格的就业市场，英语专业的学生更容易找到一个好的工作。 要想学英语专业，你必须符合以下要求：首先，就像俗语说的那样“熟能生巧”，你必须花费大量的时间在学习上。第二，必须有一定的听说读写技能，因为这是你以后学习的基础。最重要的是,你必须对英语有强烈的兴趣，因为兴趣是最好的老师。 准备工作做好后，你应当首先复习所有生词。此外，最好花费一些时间用于读写。只有这样你才有可能被录用。 李明 2004年6月大学英语四级作文题目及范文 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. Y ou should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines: Y our role: a tour guide Y our audience: a group of foreign tourists Y our introduction should include: ● some welcoming words ● the schedule for the day ● a description of the place the tourists will be visiting (e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.) Y ou should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.
英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化京居U Peking opera 秦腔Qin opera 功夫Kungfo 太极Tai Chi 口技ventriloquism 木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏shadowplay 折子戏opera highlights 杂技acrobatics 相声witty dialogue comedy 刺绣embroidery 苏绣Suzhou embroidery 泥人clay figure 书法calligraphy 中国结Chinese knot 中国古代四大发明the four great inven tio ns of ancient China 火药gun powder 指南针the compass 青铜器bronze ware 瓷器porcelain; china 唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 象形文字pictographic characters 文房四宝(笔墨纸观) the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone) 《大学》The Great Learning 《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
《论语》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius 《孙子兵法》The Art of War 《三国演义》Three Kin gdoms 《西游爷己》Journey to the West 《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Man sio ns 《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes 《山海经》The Classic of Mou ntai ns and Rivers 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror 《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史记》Historical Records 《诗经》The Book of Songs 《易经》The I Chi ng; The Book of Chan ges 《礼记》The Book of Rites 《三字经》Three-character Scriptures 八股文eight-part essay 五言绝句five-character quatra in 七言律诗seve n-character octave 旗袍cheongsam 中山装Chinese tunic suit 唐装Tang suit 风水Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历Solar calendar 阴历Lunar calendar 闰年leap year 十二生肖zodiac 春节the Spring Festival 兀宵节the Lantern Festival 清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节the Drag on-boat Festival 中秋节the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节the Double-ninth Day 七夕节the Double-seventh Day 春联spring couplets 庙会temple fair 爆竹firecracker 年画(traditi on al) New Year pictures 压岁钱New Year gift-money 舞龙drag on dance 元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯festival lantern 灯谜Ian tern riddle 舞狮lion dance 踩高跷stilt walking 赛龙舟dragon boat race 胡同hutong 山东菜Shandong cuisine 川菜Sichuan cuisine 粤菜Canton cuisine 扬州菜Yangzhou cuisine 月饼moon cake 年糕rice cake 油条deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆soybean milk 馒头steamed buns 花卷steamed twisted rolls 包子steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鸭Beiji ng roast duck 拉面hand-stretched noodles 馄饨wonton (dumplings in soup) 豆腐tofu? bean curd | 麻花fried dough twist 烧饼clay oven rolls 皮蛋100-year egg; cen tury egg 蛋炒饭fried rice with egg 糖葫芦tomatoes on sticks 火锅hot pot 长城the Great Wall of China 烽火台beacon tower 秦士台皇陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Qin shihua ng 兵马俑Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda 丝绸之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes 华清池Huaqing Hot Springs 五台山"Wutai Mountain 九华山Jiuhua Mou ntai n 蛾眉山Mount Emei 泰山Mount Tai 黄山Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain 故宫the Imperial Palace 天坛the Temple of Heaven 午门Meridian Gate 大运河Grand Canal 护城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall 居庸关Juyongguan Pass 九龙壁the Nine Dragon Wall 黄帝陵the