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2014考研英语词汇突破_何凯文讲义

2014考研英语词汇突破_何凯文讲义
2014考研英语词汇突破_何凯文讲义

第一部分:必考词汇之必考词义

1. edge 优势

(to) gain competitive edge 获得竞争优势(必考含义)

2. unseemly behavior 不雅的行为不得体(必考含义)

unethical (同)不道德的

decent(反)得体的

3. impossibly = very (难以想象的) (必考含义)

It is an impossibly(非常)unpopular behavior.

Justices intended to check(限制,遏制)the power of Administration.

Justices rejected this claim.

Court 美国最高法院court 州的法院

Congress美国最高国会congress州的国会

4. school 学派,流派

Chicago school of economy 芝加哥经济学派(必考含义)

5. fashion policies/laws 推行法律(必考含义)

6. cause 事业great cause伟业必考含义

7. delivery 传递方式(content and delivery)内容和传递(必考含义)

8. contend=think 认为(必考含义)=argue (认为)

9. exceptional (最好)例外的,特殊的;优秀的必考含义

exceptional ,brilliant;great,successful;well accepted,good enough;mediocre;

exceptional children 特殊(异常)儿童

10. compare相同/ contrast不同(必考含义)

11. knowledge 知道,了解(必考含义)

The consuming habits of consumers have been recorded by the browsers without their knowledge. 他不知道的情况下

12. weather the crisis度过危机克服(必考含义)

13. intelligence (天生的)智商;情报(必考含义)

intellect知识分子;知识(通过学习获得的智力)

Intellectualism理智主义anti- 反智主义

14. discipline 纪律,教训,惩罚,学科;(必考含义)

15. overlook忽视overrate

16. acquisitive(对钱财等)渴望得到的,贪得无厌的;

vanity虚荣;vulgar粗俗的; greedy(贪婪的)

17. fairly相当地(过得去)或者strictly = very = strikingly显著地= deliciously非常ironic讽刺意味

18. Approach :方法(必考词义)

19. push (推)进取,积极

passion热情,work,focus,push,ideas, improve, work, persist.

20. high profile (颜面,轮廓,侧面)必考词义形容人:高调的;形容事情:引人注目的;much publicized(宣传(publicize的过去分词);公布;广告)同意替换

21. game 猎物

22. spell 一段时间(optimistic spell)1.拼写2.导致3. 一段时间

Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s

23. odd = strange ; odd staff (临时工)= chance奇数的;古怪的;剩余的;临时的;零散的

24. controversialist (必考词义)有争议的人=tissue

25. entertaining = interesting =funny (有趣的)

26. code 规则;准则

27.far-reaching影响深远的; farfetched 不靠谱,牵强

28. the superiority 强势群体=The powerful

The inferiority弱势群体=The powerless

29. blame

A is to blame for B. 由于A造成了B

That is not to say that mobile phone alone is to blame for the sorry state of affairs.遗憾的局面,不好的局面

30. temper (temple寺庙)=curb(抑制;路边;勒马绳)=control(控制)= harness

temper the spending 控制支出

31. broker ( 经济人) stock(股票)real-estate(房地产)

32. vulnerable = susceptible

(易于受(做)…的影响/伤害/事情)

remain immune to

The young is susceptible to the advertisement.

The woman is susceptible to develop extra stress.

She is the susceptible nature.

The citizens are vulnerable to the exploitation.

Vulnerability = weak point弱点

33. off shoring 离岸外包(不在本地生产,移在外地)

Hedge fund 对冲基金

Mercedes-Benz奔驰

Blackberry 黑莓

M&A(mergers and acquisition)并购

Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)经济合作与发展组织,经合组织

National academy of Science(NAS)美国国家科学院

Gap美国时尚品牌

H&M瑞典连锁服饰品牌(Hennes & Mauritz)

Zara西班牙一品牌

Matthew Effect 马太效应(指强者愈强、弱者愈弱的现象,广泛应用于社会心理学、教育、金融以及科学等众多领域。) First Amendment第一修正案;自由法案(美国宪法,内容有关新闻、出版自由等

electoral college总统选举团(由各州选举人选出的538名选举人组成的选举团履行选举总统和副总统职责)

New World 美国

Old World 欧洲

Scholastic Assessment Test(SAT)美国高考

Graduate Record Exam(GRE)美国研究生入学考试

Notre Dame de Panis 巴黎圣母院

Utopia 乌托邦(理想状态)

34. version版本

35. variation 变体(SAT)2 versions,36 variations

36. cover 报道

36. buy 相信I don't buy it

37.draft ( 制定) a law

38. assume =think assume a position承担职位

39. literature 文学;文字材料;传单

40. Legal community

Academic establishment

Customize 定制

42. vested interest

43. scrutiny and scorn

专有名词

Mercedeses;(一系列商标名)(网站名)(软件名)blackberry;

M&A (mergers and acquisitions) 并购

Daimler and Chrysler,

Renault and Nissan

Honda Toyota

杂志和国际组织名:

Wall Street Journal ; The Economist

Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD) OPEC

National Academy of Science (NAS)

Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life

Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, Levi’s

H&M

Zara

Gap

Outlets

Designer clothing

Utopia 乌托邦

Matthew Effect

First Amendment 美国第一宪法修正案constitutional

electoral college 选举团或总统选举团

Notre Dame De Paris

New world;Old world;Old continent

the integration of the European community 欧洲一体化进程

Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT)

Graduate Record Exam (GRE)

第二部分:短语搭配

1. sort out 整理;整顿;解决

2. ardour 热情,信心

Dampen 破坏

dampen the investor’s ardour 减少投资人的热情

ardent(热烈的,热爱)love for the life 热爱生活(词伙搭配)

arduous (困难的)=hardness

feeble

The economy, though feeble, is no longer about to collapse. (词伙搭配)

3. worn out 筋疲力尽

4. draw up制定

5. wield 行使,使用, 施加

wield the power; wield the influence施加影响;(词伙搭配)

6. relieve 减轻,减除(必考含义)

relieve sb of sth (使…免受…)

The legislation / law will relieve us of the disaster. 法律会使我们免除我们的灾难。

7. introduce sth/ sb to sb; 介绍(describe) introduce sth(a law/a topic) ;引入/制定(draft )

8. be obliged to do sth/ be/ feel obliged to sth (有义务做什么事情,对..感激)

oblige sb to do sth =force sb 强迫某人做某事

9. so as to (必考含义)

we started early so as to get there before noon. So as to = to 为了

we started so early as to get there before noon. So… as to = so… that

The federal government introduced more immigration legislations so as to reduce criminal rates.

The federal government introduced so much immigration legislations as to reduce criminal rates (短语精讲)

10. increase to/by (必考含义)

11. check the power of …扼制…的权力(必考含义)

12. swear at 咒骂

13. to the letter 不折不扣;忠实的(短语精讲)

Now carry out my order to the letter .

现在要不折不扣地执行我的命令。

14. side with 支持(短语精讲)on the side = by the way

15. bombard 发送大量…词伙搭配bombard sb with sth(bombarding us from every corner of the world.)

16. in the wake of 随着

A emerges in the wake of B

A follows B

A track the emergence of B

A rises, following in the wake of B.

A rises in the company of B

A owed its emergence to B

17. with it 随之

The move brings with it the greater rewards.

18. side with 支持on the side=by the way顺便说说

19. At the end of the day (说到底)(短语搭配)

20. in effect (实际上)to the effect (其大意是)

The evidence/notion/article is that… ( to the effect)

21. middle-brow / high-brow (高档的;阳春白雪)/low-brow(下里巴人)

22. jet lag 时差

23. silver lining 一线希望;一线生机

24. up in the air 悬而未决

25. along this path

26. put it another way 换句话说

27. fair play 公平竞争

28. pink slip 解雇通知单

29. more often than not = often He more often than not comes here. (短语精讲)

30. but all too =very 实在太

The decline of telephone is but all too natural in communication development.

31.subscribe to sth

32. elude 使…远离

34. witness

35. bring

Negligible

Detached

Level headed 冷静的

36.Continuing along this path 这样一来

第三部分:同意替换

1. purchasing power of incomes 收入的购买力

Maximize their incomes = increase the purchasing power of incomes (同意替换) 2. property = real estate (同意替换)

stock exchange 证券交易所, venture investment 风险投资

property industry 房地产业

3. precision = accuracy 精确

4. Thinking ability = critical thinking 批判思想= creative 创新= innovation 革新

5. reasoning 推理= logical thought =thought =thinking

6. popular culture= common culture

7. cultural power= assimilating power

8. prevent (同意替换)= hinder= refrain= deter(同意替换)阻碍

翻译:他生病了所以没有去。

Illness prevented him from going there.

9. judge = Justice (必考含义)

10. apprehensive (必考含义) = worry 担忧

apprehensive ability 理解能力

11. mind = people= individual 同意替换

Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。

12. faith=confidence=assertiveness 信心(同意替换)

13 drug= medicine

14. dismiss 斥责= rebuke=criticize 责备

15 tap 开发tap the market = explore the market = expand the market 开发市场

16. entail =make= cause=render=underlie

17. nature先天的/nurture 后天的born/ made inherited /acquired

Innate/ cognitive intuitive/ cognitive (同意替换)

18. attribute= character=feature = trait=merit =virtue 特点;特质(同意替换)

19. complementary= auxiliary 补充的;互补的(同意替换)

20. precision = accuracy

21. suits = enable = entail 使…能够(同意替换)

22. visualize=imagine=conceive 想象

23. mechanical机械的;呆板的= unchangeable(同意替换)

Mechanical learning 机械学习(短语搭配)

(反义) Dynamic 动态=changeable =variable=vary

Modify 修饰=change

24. distinction荣誉= fame 名气(同意替换)(必考词义)

25.含义implication ; connotation; suggestion; reference参考;(同意替换)

A carry important implications for B((A对于B意义重大)短语动词)

26. accumulation = expansion (同意替换)= augmentation

27.literally = actually=absolutely (同意替换)

(逐字地;照字面地);确实地,真正地;[口语]差不多,简直(用于加强语意)

28. initiatives= measures 措施(同意替换)

Initiatives = intention 意图

Initiative = active

Initiative= primitive=beginning

29. spontaneity(自发的)= informal 非正式的;无拘束的(同意替换)

craft精巧地制作=formal

30. endeavors=efforts= acts 尽力Act

31. Doubt= deny= don’t believe (只是不是很确定而已,怀疑不是)

Suspect = believe (相信了,找到内心的嫌疑人,怀疑是)

32. Determine = find out

33. 经济萧条,衰退

slowing economy 经济疲软

softening economy 经济萧条

stagnant (停滞)economy经济萧条

economic recession

economic decline

economic stagnation (stagnant).

Depression

Slowdown

34. symptoms =negative example 负面例子

symptoms of waste food 浪费食物的负面例子

31. frames(框架,构架)= body

32. grasp(抓住;理解)= understanding

33. reshape= remold改造

34.entitle = give= confer= grant 给予;授予

we are entitled to some privileges.

Some privileges are given to us .

Some privileges are conferred on us.

35. license suspension 吊销执照= punishment

36. determination = resolution决心;determine=find out

41. 认为:(必考词义)

Argue ,argument ,contend(主张),contention , insist , proclaim, Think, thought, believe, belief, hold, maintain, assume, assumption, suspect, suspicion,fear, suggest, suggestion, assert, assertion(声称), agree, feel, agreement,advice, stress, emphasize(强调),attempt , moan, worry

42. 因果:(必考词义)

(1) 明显的词汇

表原因:because,because of,since,for,as,due to, owing to, in that

表结果:so, so that, therefore,thus, hence, as a result , consequently, accordingly, implication,consequence, effect

(2)隐含的词汇

第一类C(1)E 原因(导致)结果

cause, lead to,result in,give rise to,render致使,produce,make,let,ask,support,spur,spark,stimulate,fuel ,push,motivate,prompt,be responsible for,inspire, entail, underlie .

The spirit of industry(勤奋的精神) seems to underlie all human success.

Such a decision would entail(引起;导致) a huge political risk

underlie(是…的基础,存在于什么之中,引起)用例句来理解(1.Technology improvements underlie these trends.

科技进步将成为此发展趋势的基础。2. Many factors underlie my decision. 我的决定以众多因素为基础3. Many facts underlie my decision.

我的决定是以许多事实为依据的。4.some personal difficulty underlies his lack of interest in work? 某种个人困难引致他对工作缺乏兴趣),35.seethe(with deep anger or resentment. 因生气或者怨恨激动。)

第二类E (二) C (源自于……)

derive/come/result/originate/initiate/stem/spring/emanate/from/A be attributable to B/

be responsive(回应) to,grow out of ; arising from; arise through

第三类E 3 C(反映,体现)

reflect/present/demonstrate/show/suggest/illustrate

(例子是结果,观点/结论是原因。)

第四类4CE (考虑到……,依靠……) E4C

given,on account of,in view of,thanks to,in light of,in terms of

rely on,depend on,resort to,count on

第五类5CE (条件词)E5C

if,when,while,once,as,as soon as,as long as

43.必考词义:(否定)

no,not,none,never,nor,neither,deny,fail to, absent from,lack of,refuse to,little,few,blank,without,hinder,delay; block; hardly, seldom; avoid; empty; scarcely;

Instead of

否定前后缀;双重否定表肯定

44. 表示感情色彩的词:Appreciation,admiration,contempt ,apprehensive,bias , indifference , optimistic, pessimistic, neutral , objective, indifferent,detached,indignant, supportive,skeptical,consent,resent,concerned,reserved,opposition,suspicion,approval, subjective,impartial,sensitive,puzzling mild hostile ,opposing,tolerance,Sympathetic, favorable Carefree panicked

45. A of B的翻译:greatness of healthcare system

Quality of life

Mass of anecdotes

等于一个汉语句子的副词:

Supposedly, suspiciously, Frankly, presumptuously, presumptively=reasonably , acknowledge ably

Strangely ,

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————————————————————————————————作者: ————————————————————————————————日期:

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[1] triumph crucial inevitable intellectual intelligence compare contrast attain dread introduce glowing relieve prosperousdiverge correspond primary approach sensation rectify anonymous parallel ratio feature foremost edge casualty propositionapprehensive add analogy charity chronic estate underlie late assimilate appreciate embrace distinct elect fundamental launch imperative mechanicalinitiative purchase terrify partial illusion campaign enhance temper morality monotonous Latin occur vulnerable susceptibleinsidious subtle horizon privilege justify acknowledge mechanism acquisition visible fade flaw entail safeguard relevant profile ingredient [2] remedy abstract assault proceed process pursuit range rank rebel simulate sincere tactics terminal tentative vicinity volunteer alienate anecdote amiable blur candidate cautious characteristic chemical cherish decline dedicate detect deviate discreet dissolve distinguish emotion explicit fatigue feasible generous gratitude hierarchy homogeneous ideology illegal immune judicial juvenile kin legacy liability maintain merit misery notorious optional participate pathetic performance philosophy physical pledge radiant recreation sarcastic saturate segregate shift similar arbitrary arouse articulate ascertain infrastructure ingenious inhabit inhabitant lately [3] advance hostile implicit imply solidarity spacious stalk striking available auction attribute participate substitute drought migrate seminar temptation exceed excel excerpt executive marginal nasty pessimistic plead precise predominant recede shelter sophisticated sponsor sympathy inspiration interference legitimate legislation magnify maneuver summarize surgery technique vacant vertical voluntary charm certify characterize collision figure fine gigantic resign shield thoughtful tolerance violence vigorous vacation turbulent deliver delegate deduct deduce cultivate courtesy corrupt convenience convenient contaminate continuous consensus challenge lateral massive match [4] analyze appropriate disposal distribute dramatic exclusive extract fault feminine feeble formulate hatred honor image imagine sequence severe shove slippery deceive decisive declare decade deed rate reciprocal recur rein scorn shabby spirit spur steady temperament territory wander wild controversial contrive convert continent contemplate conspicuous conscientious property prudent punctual purify qualitative quantitative racial renovate reproach retention smooth sphere status straightforward stun subordinate analogue abound acute administration adolescent aesthetic petition pet phenomenon pilgrim material moral occupy reliable reliance [5] pity plagueplight ponder postpone practitioner precious raise reckless refute remote resumeroyalty(皇族,专利权,使用费)sanction security(pl.证券,抵押品)slight acid address adjacent adjective advisable advocate adventure advent affect affiliate agony agitate airline corporation correlate degenerate deprive descend design desirable desperate detachmetropolitan minus miracle reproduce restore routine ruin rumor solution sparkle spray starve strenuous stubborn submitsummon supreme adequate adhere allocate alter amaze ambiguous amplify invent invisible literacy lofty loyalty manifest margin profound

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应用文的写作 1、书信letter 2、告示notice 一、评分重点 1、信息点的覆盖(仔细读题干,找letter还是notice) 2、格式(1-2分) 3、语言正确、书写工整 二、具体讲解: (一)称呼:如果题干有具体要求,必须按题干要求写,如果没有,可以用的通用称呼包括:Dear Sir, Dear Madam, Dear Sir or Madam, Dear friends (二)分段:每段空两格 (三)署名:按题干要求Yours sincerely, LiMing 开门见山说意图,期待回信表敬意 1、投诉信: 开头和结尾的固定表达:P7 I’m writing to complain about ,that, to express my concern I trust you will take my complain seriously and I will appreciate it very much if you could . I’m looking forward to your reply at your early convenience. 2、建议信(去信、回信) 3、道歉信 4、辞职信 5、求职信 6、推荐信 I’m writing to you to recommend .. 聪明:Intelligent ,Ingenious,Talent,Gifted ,Have insightful opinions 勤奋:Diligent,Industrious,Hardworking 性格:Humorous ,Amiable Sociable,Enthusiastic ,Ready for help ,cooperative, Team spirit ,leadership Please don’t hesitate to contact me 7、感谢信(我取得了成就)P28 8、祝贺信(别人取得成就)P30 9、邀请信P33 10、咨询信(与告示类似)P35 11、Memo(备忘录)P40 To sb. From sb. Day: Subject 救命语句:By the way, as the New Year is quickly approaching ,i wish you a happy New Year 一段或两段,100字左右

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001 用高冷的姿态让单词走心 abandon [??b?nd?n]v.放弃 自我逻辑——blackboard 黑板float n.浮舟 v.漂浮 对称逻辑——accuse v.谴责-----excuse v.原谅 abdomen [??bd?m?n]n.腹部 stomach n.胃部 abide [??ba?d]v.遵守;容忍 bid v.祈祷;命令 ability [??b?l?ti]n.能力 ability abnormal [?b?n?:ml]a.不正常的 nor 也不 norm n.标准 normal a.标准的正常的 ab-否定 ab- un- dis-abolish [??b?l??]v.取消,废除 stable a.稳的 establish v.建立 abound[??ba?nd]a.丰富,大量存在 bound a.绑缚的 n.边界 ab+bound=abound v.丰富 abroad [??br?:d]adv.宽广;在国外 broad 宽广的 broadcast 广播aboard adv.在船上,在飞机上abrupt [??br?pt]a.唐突的 rip n.裂口 lip n.嘴唇 rupt-词根:破(拟声) An abrupt change of location can be disorienting. 地点的突然改变会令人迷失方向。 absence [??bs?ns]n.缺席 absent [??bs?nt]a.缺席的 pre-前(1方向;2拟声) pre- de- on- ex- present n.礼物 v.赠送;呈现 a.现在的, 出席的 absent a.缺席的 absolute [??bs?lu:t]a.绝对的 solve v.解开;解决 relative a.相对的 relation absorb [?b?s?:b]v.吸收;吸引 sorb v.吸收 ab 否定(否定词、负面含义) 加强(非否定词) abstract [??bstr?kt]v.摘要 n.摘要 a.抽 象的 ex+tract---extract v.拔出 ab+extract= abstract v.摘要 tractor n.拖拉机 absurd [?b?s?:d]a.不合理的,荒谬的 sound 声音;a.健全的;合理的 ab+sound=absurd a.不合理的 ab o und v.丰富 abund ance [??b?nd?ns]n.丰富,充 裕 abund ant[??b?nd?nt]a.丰富的,充 裕的 abuse [??bju:s]v.滥用;虐待 ab use academy [??k?d?mi]n.学院 academic [??k??dem?k]a.学院的; 学术的,理论的 accelerate [?k?sel?re?t]v.加速 excellent 卓越的 accent [??ksent]n.重音;强调 chant n.歌曲 v.唱(chang) chat v.说话,聊天 ac+chant=accent n.重音;强调 acceptance [?k?sept?ns]n.接受 access [??kses]n.入口;享用权 v.接近 exit accessory [?k?ses?ri]n.附件;从犯 accident [??ks?d?nt]n.事故() incident n.事件(in阴 in进去) accidental [??ks??dentl]a.意外的 acclaim [??kle?m]v.欢呼,喝彩 claim-词根:喊---cry scream尖叫 wide 宽的 commodious a.宽敞的 accommodate [??k?m?de?t]v.提供 住宿;容纳;适应 accommodation[??k?m??de?? n]n.膳宿供应 accompany [??k?mp?ni]v.陪伴 accomplish [??k?mpl??]v.完成,达到 目的 accord [??k?:d]v.一致,符合 accordance [??k?:dns]n.一致,符合;和 谐 according to [??k?:d?? t?]按照 accordingly [??k?:d??li]adv.因此,于 是 account [??ka?nt]n.账目 v.报账;解释 accountant [??ka?nt?nt]n.会计人员 accumulate [??kju:mj?le?t]v.积累 accuracy [??kj?r?si]n.精确 accurate [??kj?r?t]a.精确的 accuse [??kju:z]v.谴责 accustomed [??k?st?md]a.习惯的 achieve [??t?i:v]v.成就,成功 acid [??s?d]a.酸的;尖刻的 acknowledge [?k?n?l?d?]v.承认 acquaint [??kwe?nt]v.使熟知,使认识 acquaintance [??kwe?nt?ns]n.熟人, 熟事 acquire [??kwa??(r)]v.获得,学到 acquisition [??kw??z??n]n.获得;获 得物 act [?kt]v.行动 n.法令,法案 activate [??kt?ve?t]v.使活动;触发 active [??kt?v]a.积极的,活跃的 acute [??kju:t]a.尖锐的;敏锐的;急性的 adapt [??d?pt]v.使适应,改编 add [?d]v.添加 n.加法

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