现代大学英语6-课后习题paraphrase原文及答案

ParaphraseUnit11.My plan was to keep my ears open and my mouth shut and hope no one would notice I was a freshman.I planned to be observant and silent so that nobody would notice that I was a freshman.2.Popularity was not so important: running with the crowd was no longer a law of survival.It didn’t matter whether you were widely liked or not: you did not have to follow other people so as to be accepted by everybody else.3.This was my big chance to do my own thing, be my own woman----if I could get past my preoccupationwith doing everything perfectly.College offered a great chance for me to do my own thing and have my own style so long as I could give up the attempt to be perfect in everything.Unit21.He didn’t realize how hard his maxim hit. It often returns to haunt and rebuke me by raising the criticalproblem of priorities.He did not realize how much impact his works had on me. They often come to my mind and make me think of the important problem of priorities, and this is always the time I feel quite uneasy.2.But in the light of time’s perspective their deceptive prominence fades; with a sense of loss we recall theimportant tasks pushed aside.But as time passes, the urgent things gradually lose their seemingly importance, and at the same time we suffer from a sense of loss as we recall the important tasks that are left undone.Unit31.Food to my countrymen is one of the ecstasies of life, to be thought about in advance; to be smotheredwith loving care throughout its preparation; and to have time lavished on it in the final pleasure of eating. Food to us Chinese is one of the greatest joys in life: It is thought about before being prepared; it is treated with lots of love and care while being prepared; and when it is ready, it is enjoyed with excessive amount of time.2.It is this increased sensuality and the desire for great freedom age-bound habits in the West, combinedwith the inherent sensual concept of Chinese food, always quick to satisfy the taste buds, that is at the root of the sudden and phenomenal spread of Chinese food throughout the length and breadth of the Western World.The main reason for the sudden and tremendous popularity of Chinese food throughout the whole Western world lies in two facts: One is the increased desire for sensual pleasures and freedom from age-old customs in the West; the other is the notion of physical pleasure provided by Chinese food which is always ready to satisfy the taste of the eater.Unit51. But it did list his“survivors”quite accurately.But the obituary did list the family members of the dead man quite accurately.贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。

p a r a p h r a s e答案(校对版l e s s o n1-l e s s o n6)Unit 61. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. （答案已校对，原文未校对）The fact that we do not have evidence showing that there is life beyond Earth does not mean that we can come to the conclusion that there is actually no life beyond Earth .2. Examining them for the atmosphere signatures of a living world....examining these planets to see if the surrounding atmosphere can be identified asfitting for life.3. The optimists figure it’s only a matter of tim e before we tune in the right channel.Those who are optimistic think that as time goes on, they will someday get the signalsent out by an alien civilization.4. That’s what we need to begin the long process of putting human existence……Originally, we regard our world as the only one in the universe which is inhabited by intelligent humans, but we need to change our view and regard this world as one of manyin the universe.5. True believers and skeptics rarely go over to the other side.Neither those who genuinely believe that space aliens are lurking in our midst nor those who firmly reject such an idea are likely to change their views and join the other side.6. The alien is a Hollywood stock character but not a Hollywood creation.The alien is a character used too much in Hollywood films so it has become hackneyed but the idea of extraterrestrial life was not first brought up by Hollywood.7. The absence of detectable life on Mars put exobiology into a two-decade funk....the fact that no life had been detected on Mars was a terrible blow to exobiologywhich did not recover from the blow in the following 20 years.8. Everyone realized the historical glory of being right about these purposed……Everyone knew that if what appeared to be microfossils were confirmed to be such, thenthe discovery would be of historic significance; but if they proved to be something else, the adverse effect that followed would be equally dramatic.9. If you rewound the tape of terrestrial evolution and pl ayed it again……...if evolution on Earth were to take place a second time, a human being who is genetically similar to us would be the result of such evolution.10. So before we worry about our dealings with the Galactic Empire, we have some……Since there is so much work we need to do here in this world (since there are so many issues we need to address in this world), let us first concentrate on doing some solid research (on addressing these issues )and drop discussion about drafting messages to another civilization out there.Unit 51. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.I believe following passing crazes shows a complete lack of sound judgment.2. One afternoon I found Petey lying on his bed with an expression of such distress…One afternoon, when I went back to my dorm, Petey was lying on his bed. He wore such a depressed look that I came to the conclusion at once that he was suffering from appendicitis.3. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.My brain, which is as precise as a chemist's scales, began to work at high speed.4. She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not……She was beautiful and attractive enough to arouse the desires and passions of men, but I would not let feelings or emotions get the upper hand of reason or good sense.5. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack.She was not yet fully developed like pin-up girls but I felt sure that, given time, she would fill up and become jut as glamorous.6. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.In fact, she went in the opposite direction. This is a sarcastic way of saying that she was rather stupid.7. If you were out of the picture, the field would be open.If you are no longer involved with her (if you stop dating her) other would be free to compete for her friendship.8. Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked, his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not togive away Polly became weaker.9. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted…To teach her to think appeared to be a very big task, and at first I even thought of giving her back to Petey.10. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.There is a limit to what any human being can bear.Unit 41. Pianos and models, Paris, Vienna……are not needed by a writer.If you want to be musician or a painter, you must own a piano or hire models, and you have to visit or even live in cultural centers like Paris, Vienna and Berlin. And also you have to be taught by masters and mistresses. However, if you want to be a writer,you don't need all this.2. She would have plucked the heart out of my writing.Those conventional attitudes would have taken away the most important part of my writing, the essence of my writing.3. Thus, whenever I felt the shadow of her……the inkpot and flung it at her.Thus, whenever I felt the influence of the Victorian attitudes on my writing, I fought back with all my power4. For though men sensibly allow themselves……condemn such freedom in women.It was a sensible thing for men to give themselves great freedom to talk about the body and their passions. But if women want to have the same freedom, men condemn such freedom in women. And I don't believe that they realize how severely they condemn such freedomin women, nor do I believe that they can control their extremely severe condemnation of such freedom in women5. Indeed it will be a long time still, I think……a rock to be dashed against.It will take a long time for women to rid themselves of false values and attitudes and to overcome the obstacle to telling the truth about their body passions6. Even when the path is nominally open—when there is nothing to prevent a woman…Even when the path is open to women in name only, when outwardly there is nothing to prevent a woman from being a doctor, a lawyer, a civil servant, inwardly there are still false ideas and obstacles impeding a woman's progress.7. You have won rooms of your own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men.(Through fighting against the Angel in the House, through great labor and effort,) you have gained a position or certain freedom in a society which has been up to now dominated by menUnit31. Yet globalization……is a reality, not a choice.Yet globalization is not something that you can accept or reject, it is already a matter of life which you will encounter and have to respond to every day.2. Popular factions sprout to exploit nationalist anxieties.Political groups with broad support have come into being to take advantage of existing worries and uneasiness among the people about foreign" cultural assault" .3. Where xenophobia and economic ambition have often struggled for the upper hand....In China, the two trends of closed-door and open-door policies have long been struggling for dominance.4. Those people out there should continue to live in a museum while we will have showers that work.The Chinese people should continue to live a backward life while we live comfortably with all modern conveniences.5. Westernization…is a phenomenon shot with inconsistence and populated by bedfellows....Westernization is a concept full of self-contradiction and held by people of very different backgrounds or views.6. You don’t have to be cool to do it; you just have to have the eye.In trying to find out what will be the future trend, you don't need to be fashionable yourself. All you need is awareness, that is to say, you need to be on the alert, to be observant7. He…was up in the cybersphere far above the level of time zon es.He was moving around, playing a game through the Internet with people living indifferent time zones, thus their activity on the computer broke down time zone limit.8. In the first two weeks of business the Gucci Store took in a surprising $100,000.The Gucci store didn't expect that in the first two weeks of its opening in Shanghai business could be so good.9. Early on I realized that I was going to need some type of compass to guide me through…From the very beginning I know I need some theory as guideline to help me in my study of global cultures as globalization, to guide me through such a variety of cultural phenomena.10. The penitence may have been Jewish, but the aspiration was universal.The way of showing repentance might be peculiar to the Jews, but the strong desire of gaining forgiveness from God is common, shared by all.Unit21. I pictured this prodigy part of me as……each one on for size.I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me best2. I had new thoughts, willful thoughts……filled with lots of won’ts.I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience and rebellion.3. The girl had the sauciness of a Shirley Temple.The girl was Shirley Temple like, slightly rude but in an amusing way.4. It felt like worms and toads and slimy things……awful side of me had surfaced, at last.When I said those words, I felt that some vary nasty thoughts had got out of my chest, and so I felt scared. But at the same time I felt good and relieved, because those nasty things had been suppressed in my heart for some time and they had got out at last5. And I could sense her anger rising to its breaking point. I wanted to see it spill out.I could feel that her anger had reached the point where her self-control would collapse, and I wanted to see what my mother would do when she lost complete control of herself.6. The lid to the piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams.When the lid to the piano was closed, it shut out the dust and also put an end to my misery and her dreams.Unit 11.The job of arousing manhood within a people……is not easy.It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior and of no importance to see that they are humans, the same as any other people.2. Psychological freedom……against long night of physical slavery.If you break the mental shackles imposed on you by white supremacists, if you really respectyourself, thinking that you are a Man, equal to anyone else, you will be able to takepart in the struggle against racial discrimination.3. The Negro will only be free when he……assertive manhood his own emancipationproclamation.The liberation of mind can only be achieved by the Negro himself/herself. Only whenhe/she is fully convinced that he/she is a Man/Woman and is not inferior to anyone else, can he/she throw off the manacles of self-abnegation and become free.4. Power at its best is love……c orrecting everything that stands against love.Power in the best form of function is the carrying out of the demands of justice with love and justice in the best form of function is the overcoming of everything standing in the way of love with power.5. At that time economic status was considered ……ability and talents.At that time, the way to evaluate how capable and resourceful a person was was to see how much money he had made (or how wealthy he was).6. The absence of worldly goods indicated……an d moral fiber.A person was poor because he was lazy and not hard-working and lacked a sense of right andwrong.7. It is not the work of slaves……or by animal necessity.This kind of work cannot be done by slaves who work because the work has to be done,because they are forced to work by salve-drivers or they need to work in order to be fed andclothed.8. When the unjust measurement of human……is eliminated.…When the unfair practice of judging human value by the amount of money a person has is doneaway with.9. He who hates does not know God……the meaning of ultimate reality.Those who harbor hate in their hearts cannot grasp the teachings of God.Only those who havelove can enjoy the ultimate happiness in Heaven.10. Let us be di ssatisfied until America……an anemia of deeds.Let us be dissatisfied until America no longer only takes about racial equality but is unwilling or reluctant to take action to end such evil practice as racial discrimination.。

Lesson One1. Everybody, except me, is born with the ability to think.2. Y ou could hear the fresh air struggling with difficulty to find its way to his chest, because he was unaccustomed to this. (whichwas blocked in his chest and striving to get through it). He would stagger or be thrown off balance, and his face would go white because of the shock of the unexpected visit of fresh air. He would step away unsteadily to his desk and fell into the chair, unable to do anything for the rest of morning3. On this occasion, it seemed that it was not his thought but his natural instinct that ruled him, which he was unable to resist.4. T echnically speaking, it is about as incompetent as most businessmen's golf, as dishonest as most politicians' intentions, or as incoherent as most books that get written.”5. They usually represent the great majority in agreement. We had better respect them instead of distaining them, because the number of them is much larger than us and we are surrounded by them.6. It is probably human nature to enjoy agreement because it seems to bring peace, security, comfort, and harmony, which is the same nature that leads cows to graze in the same manner on the side of a hill. (or Man likes to be unanimous, it’s just the same as the cows, which like eating the grass …7. The second contradiction I have detected is to hear that our Prime Minister mentioned to offer great benefit to India and meanwhile put independence-fighters like Nehru and Gandhi into prison. The third contradiction is to hear that American politicians talk about peace but refuse to join the association of nations to maintain world peace. It’s true that this may bring a short instance of pleasure.8. I put my arm stealthily around her waist and said in low voice that if we were talking about the number of people who believe in certain kind of religion, I would bet on the Buddhists. She was frightened and fled away from me because of my delinquent behavior and our contradictory opinions on religion.9. What had happened to Ruth and me now happened again. I had still some very close friends supporting me as usual. But mygrade-one thinking frightened away many of my acquaintances, who took the girls similar to Ruth.(But my acquaintances, together with their girls, were frightened away by my grade-one thinking.) Lesson Three1.For most students, they begin their study of history with a textbook in which there are a great number of names, dates and statistics for them to remember.(or Most students often study history through remembering a large amount of names, dates and statistics in thick textbooks.)2. History used to be an ordinary matter of memorizing “facts”, but now it turns to be an act of making the right choice out of many interpretations. Truth in history becomes a matter of personal likesor dislikes.3. They can only feel that absolutely opposed (or completely different) arguments about an event cannot both be right. However, it’s beyond their knowledge to decide which one should be right.4. They will find out information about the “Zimmerman Note”, an order the German Foreign Secretary, Arthur Zimmerman, sent to his minister in Mexico, which instructed the minister to propose an alliance to the Mexican government, in case a war may break out. Mexico, with the German financial support, was to go to war against the U.S. and re-conquer her lost territories from New Mexico, Texas and Arizona, which the United States had taken from Mexico in the Mexican War.5. Can we wipe out all the differences? We can (eliminate all disagreement) if our knowledge could give us a perfect model that completely explained human behavior. Unfortunately no such model has ever existed.Lesson Lix1. They are only based on tradition, or on somebody’s strong statement, but are not supported even by the least amount of proof.2. But if they were exchanged when they were infants and brought up in different homes and under different influences, then the staunchest Roman Catholic would be the staunchest Presbyterian, and vice versa. This shows that our beliefs are largely influenced by our surroundings.3. We can conclude based on all our knowledge of psychology, that each would have grown up having exactly the opposite beliefs to what they have now.4. …we may still remember that in th e history of human development, there have been too many cases that the previous “obvious truths” were proved wrong when new knowledge and reason had been developed.5. It took many scientists of greatest learning hundreds of years to struggle against the assumption that the planets moved in circles. The success of getting rid of that assumption is one of the miracles in human history.6. Many modern people are hard to believe that for some time men had ever thought they were thinking with their hearts.7. We hold and cling to some beliefs merely because it is in our interest to believe them. (or it brings benefit or advantage to us to do so.)But people who hold some beliefs through self-interest usually will not admit this.8. Many people are unconsciously forced to hold a belief because he has become an important person in his group. (or a certain group of people)Lesson Nine1. But I may take the liberty of suggesting (or make bold to suggest) that you’ll find my idea of fun more interesting than Ivan’s? (So I guess you’d better choose to play the game with me.)2. He nodded toward Ivan, who was standing in the corner of the room, whose chest was as big and thick as a barrel．3. Y our brain will be competing with mine. Y our skill will be competing with mine. Y our strength and endurance will be competing with mine. It will be just like outdoor chess. And in the game our stakes are our precious lives.4. He was on a small island surrounded by the sea. What he could do was restricted within the limit of the island.5. He performed a series of complicated loops; He moved round and round, covering the same trail again and again so as to confuse his pursuer, remembering all the things he learned in fox hunt and the way the hunted fox tried to escape.6. It made him tremble all over. (Or: A feeling of horror swept over him. )7. He had had the same kind of experience in France, when he haddug a hole just in time to save himself from death. However, that urgent moment seemed nothing compared with this time.8. For Rainsford, a minute seemed as long as a year because hewas so frightened and anxious.9. “Y our Burmese tiger pit has killed one of my best dogs.’’10. “Rainsford can now sleep in this wonderful bed, and he is thewinner.” Rainsford came to a conclusion.。

Unit 2 The Fine Art of Putting Things OffMichael Demarest1"Never put off till tomorrow," exhorted Lord Chesterfield in 1749, "what you can do today." That the elegant earl never got around to marrying his son's mother and had a bad habit of keeping worthies like Dr. Johnson cooling their heels for hours in an anteroom attests to the fact that even the most well-intentioned men have been postponers ever. Quintus Fabius Maximus, one of the great Roman generals, was dubbed "Cunctator " (Delayer) for putting off battle until the last possible vinum break. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah's edicts to Pharaoh. Hamlet, of course, raised procrastination to an art form. 2The world is probably about evenly divided between delayers and do-it-nowers. There are those who prepare their income taxes in February, prepay mortgages and serve precisely planned dinners at an ungodly 6:30 . The other half dine happily on leftovers at 9 or 10, misplace bills and file for an extension of the income tax deadline. They seldom pay credit-card bills until the apocalyptic voice of Diners threatens doom from Denver. They postpone, as Faustian encounters, visits to barbershop, dentist or doctor.3Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul. Jean Kerr, author of many successful novels and plays, says that she reads every soup-can and jamjar label in her kitchen before settling down to her typewriter. Many a writer focuses on almost anything but his task—for example, on the Coast and Geodetic Survey of Maine's Frenchman Bay and Bar Harbor, stimulating his imagination with names like Googins Ledge, Blunts Pond, Hio Hill and Burnt Porcupine, Long Porcupine, Sheep Porcupine and Bald Porcupine islands.4From Cunctator's day until this century, the art of postponement had been virtually a monopoly of the military ("Hurry up and wait"), diplomacy and the law. In former times, a British proconsul faced with a native uprising could comfortably ruminate about the situation with Singapore Sling in hand. Blessedly, he had no nattering Telex to order in machine guns and fresh troops. A U.S. general as late as World War II could agree with his enemy counterpart to take a sporting day off, loot the villagers' chickens and wine and go back to battle a day later. Lawyers are among the world's most addicted postponers. According to Frank Nathan, a nonpost-poning Beverly Hills insurance salesman, "The number of attorneys who die without a will is amazing."5Even where there is no will, there is a way. There is a difference, of course, between chronic procrastination and purposeful postponement, particularly in the higher echelons of business. Corporate dynamics encourage the caution that breeds delay, says Richard Manderbach, Bank of America group vice president. He notes that speedy action can be embarrassing or extremely costly. The data explosion fortifies those seeking excuses for inaction—another report to be read, another authority to be consulted. "There is always," says Manderbach, "a delicate edge between having enough information and too much."6His point is well taken. Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal—and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made. The centralization of government that led to Watergate has spread to economic institutions and beyond, making procrastination a worldwide way of life. Many languages are studded with phrases that refer to putting things off—from the Spanish mañana to the Arabic bukra fil mishmish(literally "tomorrow in apricots," more loosely "leave it for the soft spring weather when the apricots are blooming").7Academe also takes high honors in procrastination. Bernard Sklar, a University of Southern California sociologist who churns out three to five pages of writing a day, admits that "many of my friends go through agonies when they face a blank page. There are all sorts of rationalizations: the pressure of teaching, responsibilities at home, checking out the latest book, looking up another footnote."8Psychologists maintain that the most assiduous procrastinators are women, though many psychologists are (at $50-plus an hour) pretty good delayers themselves. Dr. Ralph Greenson, a professor of clinical psychiatry (and Marilyn Monroe's onetime shrink), takes a fairly gentle view of procrastination. "To many people," he says, "doing something, confronting, is the moment of truth. All frightened people will then avoid the moment of truth entirely, or evade or postpone it until the last possible moment." To Georgia State Psychologist Joen Pagan, however, procrastination may be a kind of subliminal way of sorting the important from the trivial. "When I drag my feet, there's usually some reason," says Fagan. "I feel it, but I don't yet know the real reason."9In fact, there is a long and honorable history of procrastination to suggest that many ideas and decisions may well improve if postponed. It is something of a truism that to put off making a decision is itself adecision. The parliamentary process is essentially a system of delay and deliberation. So, for that matter, is the creation of a great painting, or an entree, or a book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, which took the Duke of Marlborough's architects and laborers 15 years to construct. In the process, the design can mellow and marinate. Indeed, hurry can be the assassin of elegance. As . White, author of Sword in the Stone, once wrote, time "is not meant to be devoured in an hour or a day, but to be consumed delicately and gradually and without haste." In other words, pace Lord Chesterfield, what you don't necessarily have to do today, by all means put off until tomorrow.Unit3. Walls and Barriers --Eugene Raskin1My father's reaction to the bank building at 43rd Street and Fifth Avenue in New York City was immediate and definite: “ You won't catch me putting my money in there!" he declared." Not in that glass box!"2Of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a member of the generation to whom a good deal of modern architecture is unnerving; but I suspect—I more than suspect, I am convinced—that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money.3In his generation money was thought of as a tangible commodity—bullion, bank notes, coins—that could be hefted, carried, or stolen. Consequently, to attract the custom of a sensible man, a bank had to have heavy walls, barred windows, and bronze doors, to affirm the fact, however untrue, that money would be safe inside. If a building’s design made it appear impregnable, the institution was necessarily sound, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architectural symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory.4But that attitude toward money has of course changed. Excepting pocket money, cash of any kind is now rarely used; money as a tangible commodity has largely been replaced by credit, a bookkeeping-banking matter. A deficit economy, accompanied by huge expansion, has led us to think of money as a product of the creative imagination. The banker no longer offers us a safe, he offers us a service—a service in which the most valuable elements are dash and a creative flair for the invention of large numbers. It is in no way surprising, in view of this change in attitude, that we are witnessing the disappearance of the heavy-walled bank. The Manufacturers Trust, which my father distrusted so heartily, is a great cubical cage of glass whose brilliantly lighted interior challenges even the brightness of a sunny day, while the door to the vault, far from being secluded and guarded, is set out as a window display.5Just as the older bank asserted its invulnerability, this bank by its architecture boasts of its imaginative powers. From this point of view it is hard to say where architecture ends and human assertion begins. In fact, there is no such division; the two are one and the same.6It is in the understanding of architecture as a medium for the expression of human attitudes, prejudices, taboos, and ideals that the new architectural criticism departs from classical aesthetics. The latter relied upon pure proportion, composition, etc., as bases for artistic judgment. In the age of sociology and psychology, walls are not simply walls but physical symbols of the barriers in men’s minds.7In a primitive society, for example, men pictured the world as large, fearsome, hostile, and beyond human control. Therefore they built heavy walls of huge boulders, behind which they could feel themselves to be in a delimited space that was controllable and safe; these heavy walls expressed ma n’s fear of the outer world and his need to find protection, however illusory. It might be argued that the undeveloped technology of the period precluded the construction of more delicate walls. This is of course true. Still it was not technology, but a fearful attitude toward the world, which made people want to build walls in the first place. The greater the fear, the heavier the wall, until in the tombs of ancient kings we find structures that are practically all wall, the feat of dissolution being the ultimate fear.8And then there is the question of privacy—for is has become questionable. In some Mediterranean cultures it was not so much the world of nature that was feared, but the world of men. Men were dirty, prying, vile, and dangerous. One went about, if one could afford it, in guarded litters, women went about heavily veiled, if the went about at all. Ones’ house was surrounded by a wall, and the rooms faced not out, but in, toward a patio, expressing the prevalent conviction that the beauties and values of life were to be found by looking inward, and by engaging in the intimate activities of a personal as against a public life. The rich intricacies of the decorative arts of the period as well as its contemplative philosophies are as illustrative of this attitude as the walls themselves. 9We feel different today. For one thing, we place greater reliance upon the control of human hostility, not so much by physical barriers, as by the conventions of law and social practice—as well as the availability of motorized police. We do not cherish privacy as much as did our ancestors.We are proud to have our women seen and admired, and the same goes for our homes. We do not seek solitude; in fact, if we find ourselves alone for once, we flick a switch and invite the whole world in through the television screen. Small wonder, then, that the heavy surrounding wall is obsolete, and we build, instead, membranes of thin sheet metal or glass.10The principal function of today’s wall is to separate possibly undesirable outside air from the controlled conditions of temperature and humidity which we have created inside. Glass may accomplish this function, though there are apparently a good many people who still have qualms about eating, sleeping, and dressing under conditions of high visibility; they demand walls that will at least give them a sense of adequate screening. But these shy ones are a vanishing breed. The Philip Johnson house in Connecticut, which is much admired and widely imitated, has glass walls all the way around, and the only real privacy is to be found in the bathroom, the toilette taboo being still unbroken, at least in Connecticut.11To repeat, it is not our advanced technology, but our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine how we shall build our walls. The glass wall expresses man’s conviction that he can and does master nature and society. The “open plan” and the unobstructed view are consistent with his faith in the eventual solution of all problems through the expanding efforts of science. This is perhaps why it is the most “advanced” and “forward-looking” among us who live and work in glass houses. Even the fear of the cast stone has been analyzed out of us.From: T. Cooley,flash of insight that leaves you a changed person –not only changed, but changed for the better.答; The most inspiring and gratifying fact of life is the unexpected spark of enlightenment that makes you different and a better person than before.2\ He came across the street, finally, muffled in his ancient overcoat, shapeless felt hat pulled down over his bald head, looking more like an energetic gnome than an eminent psychiatrist. 答: At last he walked over from the other side of the street wrapped in his old-fashioned overcoat, his bald head covered by a shapeless felt hat. He looked like a dwarfish old man full of energy rather than a well-known psychiatrist.3\ The woman who spoke next had never married because of a sense of obligation to her widowed mother; she recalled bitterly all the marital chances she had let go by.答: The next speaker on the tape was a woman who had remained single because she thought she was obliged to take care of her mother who was a widow. She still remembered and told others miserably about all the chances of marriage she had missed.4\ In the end, if you let it become a habit, it can become a real roadblock, an excuse for not trying any more. 答;Eventually, if you form a habit of saying “if only”, the phrase can really turn to an obstruction, providing you with an excuse for giving up trying anything at all.5\ …you never got out of the past tense. Not once did you mention the future.答：you are always thinking of the past, regretting and lamenting. You did not look forward to what you can do in the future at all.6\ “My, my,” said the Old Man slyly. “If only we had come down ten seconds sooner, we’d have caught that cab, wouldn’t we” I laughed and picked up the cue. “Next time I’ll run faster.”答：The Old Man said to me trickily, using the phrase “if only” on purpose, “If only we’d got here ten seconds earlier, we’d have caught the cab.” I laughed and understood what he meant. So I followed his advice and said, “Next time I’ll run faster”.deliver Jehovah’s edict to Pharaoh. Hamlet. 答; Moses justified his unwillingness to pass Jehovah’s order to Pharaoh, saying that he was “slow of speech”.2\ Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul. 答; Delay leads to problems. However, in many cases, it can often stimulate the creativity in an artist。

Pre-class Work II1. Paraphrase.1) No. 12: He came back to get back the knife. After all, leaving his knife sticking out of the body is not a pleasant scene.No. 7: Especially when the person is one of his relatives.No. 4: That's not funny at all. Don't make any joke about it.2) No. 3: ... I've seen all kinds of cheating, lying and other dirty tricks in my life, but this littledemonstration is the worst I have ever seen.3) No. 7: ... How do you think about him (Juror No. 11)? He came to America to escape persecution,but now before he can take a deep breath, almost immediately, he is telling us Americans how to doeverything. I'm really amazed why he should be so conceited and rude.4) No. 9: Your eyeglasses made two deep marks beside your nose. I haven't noticed it before. I guess itmust be very annoying.No. 4: Yes, it is annoying.No. 9: I don't know what you feel about that, since my eyesight is perfect and I've never worn glasses.5) No. 3: You've showed unreasonable sympathy for thosepeople. How terrible you all are. Are you goingto frighten me not to vote him guilty? You can't. I have the right to h01d my own point.2, Learn to use reference books.Find the correct definition of the following in the text.1) figure: to think; to guess2) beat: to arrive at the very spot3) bear: to prove4) stamp: to keep lifting each foot and bringing it down again very hard to make a noise5) room: chance6) term: a word or expression that has a particular meaning7) bridge: a card game for four players who play in pairs8) feature: a film being shown at a cinema9) tie: the result of a game, competition, or election in which two or more people get the same number ofpoints, votes, etc.10) impressions: marks3. Find the synonyms of the following in a thesaurus.1) crazy: insane, mad, unbalanced2) to bother : to annoy, to trouble, to dismay, to worry, to disquiet, to disturb, to upset, to plague, to try4. Word-building.I) Give the corresponding nouns of the following.(1) vote (2) assumption (3) dependence(4) risk(5) objection (6) recreation (7) declaration(8) obscurity(9) plunge (10) description (11) annoyance (12) intimidation2) Give the corresponding verbs of the following.(1)to detect (2) to relate (3) to doubt (4) to differ(5) to display (6) to execute (7) to stress(8) to breathe(9) to disgust (10) to narrate (11) to switch3) Translate the following using your acquired rules of word-building and point out which "-ing"form denotes a gerund and which a present participle. Participles: (2), (4), (6), (8), (11), (12), (13), (15), (16), (17), (18), (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), (27),(28), (30), (31), (32), (34), (39), (40), (42), (44), (45), (46), (47), (49), (50)Gerunds: all the rest4) Study how these words are formed and make your own discoveries of rules of word building.(4) Give the noun forms of the following.resistance brilliance fragrance competenceexistence evidence violence dependenceconfidence reluctance persistence intelligenceMore Work on the TextII. vocabulary1.Translate1) into English.(1) to risk being criticized (2) to present the evidence(3) to capture the tiger (4) to twist the fact(5) to cover one's blunder (6) to recreate the scene(7) to stamp one's feet (8) to skip through one's fingers(9) to put oneself in sb.'s place (10) to run forone's life(11) to break the tie (12) to give a demonstration(13) to obscure the truth (14) to take a deep breath(15) to run the country2) into Chinese.(1)铁证(2)合理的怀疑(3)重施脂粉；浓妆艳抹(4)精神压力(5)陪审团意见分歧，无法做出决定(6)刑事(民事)法庭(7)近(远)亲(8)最终判决(9)旧货店(10)辩护律师(11)潜在威胁(12)滋生地2．Give synonyms and antonyms of the following．1)Give synonyms．(1)sure，certain(2)to catch，to arrest，to seize，to take prisoner(3)to calculate，to think，to believe，to presume，to guess(4)common，usual，ordinary，familiar(5)to join，to attach，tO combine，to unite，to link(6)drawing，map，plan，chart(7)show,demonstration，exhibition(8)beautiful，attractive，good-looking(9)terror,horror，great fear，fright，scare(10)mistake，error(11)to thrust，to attack，to hit at，to strike at，to charge(12)fuss，excitement，uproar，disturbance(13)strain，tension，pressure，burden(14)bad，awful，terrible，nasty，unpleasant(1 5)to terrify，to frighten，to make afraid，to bully2)Give antonyms．(1)near-sighted，short—sighted，myopic(2)illogical，irrational，inconsistent(3)old，ancient，outmoded，old—fashioned(4)valueless，worthless(Not：invaluable)(5)to reveal，to show,to clarify(6)tO approve，to agree，to accept，to welcome(7)peaceful(8)unconvinced，doubtful，uncertain(9)upward(10)expensive，costly，dear(11) dishonesty(12) educated, knowledgeable, well-informed(13) inconspicuous, unnoticeable, invisible(14) destructive3. Translate.1) More and more young people now favor the idea of spending their holidays traveling.2) I am still in favor of having my parents live with us in their old age.3) No facts have ever borne out the claim that with some methods one can learn a foreign language inweeks or months.4) Today all state-owned enterprises must bear their responsibilities for their losses.5) He must be out of his mind to do that. How can you bear such an insult?6) I have been to many interesting places in the world in my day. But now that I'm old, I still feel that "Eastand West, Home is Best".7) If you stick to these bad habits, you will risk losing your health.8) I'm sick and tired of being told what to do with my personal life.9) If I should fail, am I entitled to a makeup exam?10) Under those pressures he still had the courage to stick to histheory.11) There was a nail sticking out of that chair. It tore my favorite pants.12) We must not run the risk of violating intellectual property rights.13) We can't bear seeing all this garbage around. So we have decided to clean it up ourselves.14) Stick this motto on the wall where we can all see.15) One of the issues that remain in question in the conflict between Israel and Palestine is the issue ofJerusalem.16) It remained me of how we all tried to make steel in our backyard stoves in 1958.17) He may have forgotten. I should have reminded him to attend this meeting,18) Please remind everybody that tomorrow's volleyball match has been put off.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.1) in 2) off 3) down on 4) out 5) into 6) out 7) aside8) apart 9) up 10) into 11) out, at 12) in 13) in, on 14) in, inGive verbs that can form collocations with the following nouns.1) to make, to see, to get, to gain, to score, to give, to prove, to lose, to win, to come to, to get to (a/thepoint)2) to make, to pass, to obey, to break, to enforce, to respect, to revise, to lay down (a/the law)3) to take, to change, to count, to have, to cast, to win, to get, to call for, to put to (a/the/one's vote)7. Choose the right words in their proper forms.1) (1) incredible (2) incredulously (3) incredible (4) incredulous2) (1) announced (2) declared (3) announced (4) declared(5) declare (6) announced3) (1) arrested (2) caught (3) captured(4) captured4) (1) annoyed (2) bother/disturb/annoy (3) disturb/bother (4) disturbed(5) troubling (6) trouble8. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.(1) within (2) why (3) heavy(4) edge(5) lay (6) dark old (7) something (8) though(9) which (10) had fallen (11) on the front of (12) until(13) asking (14) mind (15) about IlL Grammar1. Understand grammar in context: study the use of the modal + have done construction andpoint out the concept each conveys.(The perfect infinitive denotes a past action or condition. When it is used with modals, the concept itexpresses depends on the modal.)1) improbability of a past action 2) probability of a past action3) probability of a past action 4) probability of a past action5) possibility of a past action 6) probability of a past action7) possibility of a past condition/state 8) probability of a past action9) necessity of a past action 10)probability of a past action11) probability of a past action 12) subjective certainty of a past action13) probability of a past action 14) obligation for a past action15) probability of past actions2. Rewrite the following sentences using could (not), may (not), must, would (not), should(not) followed by a perfect infinitive.1) Use "could (not)".(1) couldn't have run to the door in 15 seconds(2) couldn't have seen clearly who the murderer was(3) couldn't have committed the crime since he was at home with his mother at the time(4) couldn't have had a better time if you didn't invite us to this delightful party2) Use "may/might (not)".(1) may have been right(2) may not have sent it(3) may/might have killed the father with a similar knife(4) may/might have left it behind in the train(5) may not have passed our message to him(6) might/may have been a spy working in the minister's office(7) might/may not have seen me(8) may/might not have seen the advertisement.3) Use "must".(1) must have been written by a woman(2) must have been very exciting(3) must have been hard to get him to support the campaign(4) must have snowed all night(5) must have lied(6) must have happened between the two of them4) Use "would (not)".(1) wouldn't have quarreled over such trivial matters(2) would have lied just to attract attention(3) wouldn't have stabbed downward(4) wouldn't have invested heavily in real estate in a country on the brink of a civil war(5) wouldn't have been defeated by a computer5) Use "should (not)".(1) shouldn't have broken the sad news to her like that(2) should have told her the truth about her birth(3) shouldn't have walked all the way home(4) should have thought that/should have asked if3. Translate the sentences using the "modal + have done" construction.1) When I looked at my watch, he must have guessed my thoughts.2) It was so silent that you could have heard a pin drop.3) Don't worry. The children might have gone to their grandparents' place.4) You shouldn't have criticized your staff like that. They've done their best.5) I believe many other people would have done what I did under the circumstances.6) The druggist was a short man who could/might have been any age from fifty to a hundred.7) As all staff members had access to the information, any one of them could have downloaded thedocument.8) The man who saved two old ladies from a burning house said that others would have done the sameunder the circumstances.9) As his best friend, you should have advised Lao Wang to make up with his wife before it was too late.10) I definitely wouldn't have devoted all my time and energy to surfing on the Internet as he did last4. Put in appropriate connectives.(l) and (2) but (3) that (4) Since (5) and (6) But(7) as (8) But (9) where (10) as (11) who (12) that5. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.t) A 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) C 6) D 7) D 8) C 9) B10)A 11) C 12) D 13) C 14) D 15) CIV. Written WorkSummarize the reasonable doubts the jurors raise in this part of the play within 200 words.1) Juror No. 2 had a reasonable doubt about the downward angle of the stab wound. First, the boy was shorterthan his father. Second, anyone who was handy with the switch knife like the boy would use h underhand.The boy wouldn't have stabbed down.2) No. 9 doubted the eyesight of the woman who testified that she saw the killing take place. She had markson the sides of her nose which could only be made by eyeglasses. As no one wears glasses in bed, shecouldn't have identified a person 60 feet away at night without wearing glasses.3) If the boy had killed his father he wouldn't have gone back three hours later to get his knife. And hecouldn't have run out in a state of panic because then he would have had to be calm enough to wipe off hisfingerprints.4) The fact that the boy couldn't remember the names of the movies he said he saw on the night of the murdercouldn't be used as evidence against the boy either, because when No. 8 asked No. 4 the name of the movie hehad seen only a couple of days before, he couldn't answer accurately. ( 185 words.)。

Leｓｓon one1.Vｉrtuｅｉs, indeed mｕsｔbｅ, ｓｅlｆ－centered.(paｒa4)正确的行动就是,确实也必须就是以自我为中心的。

By rigｈｔactioｎ,we ｍｅan it mｕsｔheｌp promotｅpeｒsonａl iｎtｅrest、2.Ｔｈｅeｓsenｔｉａｌs are ｆamｉliar: tｈe poｖeｒty of thｅｐoor was ｔhe faｕlt of the poｏr、Aｎdｉｔwas bｅcauｓe iｔｗas proｄuｃｔoｆｔheir excｅsｓi ｖｅｆｅcunｄitｙ…、、(paｒa５)她的基本观点为人熟知:穷人的贫穷就是她们咎由自取,贫穷就是热门过度生育的结果The poverｔy of ｔhe pooｒwａs caｕseｄbｙtheiｒhaving toｏmanｙcｈｉldren.3.Ｐoｖertｙbｅing cａusｅd iｎthe ｂed mｅａnｔthat the rich were nｏt ｒeｓｐonsible foｒeiｔher its ｃreation or itsａｍelｉoｒaｔｉon. (ｐara６)贫穷源于过度生育意味着富人不应该为产生贫穷与解决贫穷承担责任Tｈe riｃhｗerｅnot to blamｅfoｒthe eｘisteｎcｅoｆｐoｖeｒｔy so theｙsｈould not be ａsked to unｄｅrｔａke the ｔasｋof ｓolviｎg ｔhe ｐroblem.4.It is meｒelｙｔhe woｒｋing out ofａlaw ofｎature aｎd a laｗof Gｏd(para8) 这就是自然规律与上帝的意志在起作用。

Itｉs onlｙthe rｅsulｔｏr efｆeｃt ｏｆthｅｌaw of theｓurviｖａl of the ｆittesｔａpplied tｏnatｕre or to human sｏcｉeｔy、5.Ｉｔdeclｉｎeｄin populariｔy, ａnd rｅfeｒenｃe tｏit acquiｒed a ｃondemnａｔory tone、(para9)然而在２0世纪,人们认为社会学中的达尔文进化论有点过于残酷,遭到了普遍的质疑,人们提及它都带有谴责的口吻。

Unit 11. Nothing in life is more exciting and rewarding than the sudden flash of light that leaves you a changed person--not only changed, but changed for the better.The most inspiring and gratifying fact of life is the unexpected spark of enlightenment that makes you different and a better person than before.2. He came across the street, finally, muffled in his ancient overcoat, shapeless felt hat pulled down over his bald head, looking more like an energetic gnome than an eminent psychiatrist.A t last he walked over from the other side of the street, wrapped in his old-fashioned overcoat, his bald head covered by a shapeless felt hat. He looked like a dwarfish old man full of energy rather than a well-known psychiatrist.3. The woman who spoke next had never married because of a sense of obligation to her widowed mother; she recalled bitterly all the marital chances she had let go by.The next speaker on the tape was a woman who had remained single because she thought she was obliged to take care of her mother who was a widow. She still remembered and told others miserably about all the chances of marriage she had missed.4. In the end, if you let it become a habit, it can become a real roadblock, an excuse for not trying any more.Eventually, if you f orm a habit of saying “if only”, the phrase can really turn to an obstruction, providing you with an excuse for giving up trying anything at all.5. ... you never got out of the past tense. Not once did you mention the future.…you are always thinking of the past, regretting and lamenting. You did not look forward to what you can do in the future at all.6. ''My, my,'' said the Old Man slyly. ''If only we had come down ten seconds sooner, we'd have caught that cab, wouldn't we?''The Old Man said to me tr ickily, using the phrase “if only” on purpose, “If only we’d got here ten seconds earlier, we’d have caught the cab.” I laughed and understood what he meant. So I followed his advice and said, “Next time I’ll run faster”.Unit 21. Moses pleaded a speech defect to rationalize his reluctance to deliver Jehovah's edict to Pharaoh. Moses justified his unwillingness to pass Jehovah’s order to Pharaoh, saying that he was “slow of speech”.2. Yet for all the trouble procrastination may incur, delay can often inspire and revive a creative soul.Delay leads to problems. However, in many cases, it can often stimulate the creativity in an artist.3. He notes that speedy action can be embarrassing or extremely costly.He points out that hastiness may give rise to decision which turn out to be humiliating or expensive.4. Bureaucratization, which flourished amid the growing burdens of government and the greater complexity of society, was designed to smother policymakers in blankets of legalism, compromise and reappraisal---and thereby prevent hasty decisions from being made.Excessive red-tape(官样文章；繁文缛节) developed because public administration was expanding in scope and because society was growing more and more complicated. In this sense, red-tape helped those in charge of policy to be fully engaged in enormous amount of paperwork and judgment, thus making it impossible for an immature decision to result.5. ...many of my friends go through agonies when they face a blank page.…many of my friends have a hard time the moment they attempt to put pen to paper.Unit 31. Of course, my father is a gentleman of the old school, a member of the generation to whom a good deal of modern architecture is unnerving; but I suspect---I more than suspect, I am convinced---that his negative response was not so much to the architecture as to a violation of his concept of the nature of money.Brought up in the old tradition, my father is naturally not prepared to accept the idea of modern architecture; his objection to it, I would assume, indeed I should say I am pretty sure, is not a result of his strong dislike of the physical building itself, but rather that of his refusal to change his attitude towards money.2. If a building's design made it appear impregnable, the institution was necessarily sound, and the meaning of the heavy wall as an architectural symbol dwelt in the prevailing attitude toward money, rather than in any aesthetic theory.If a building was made to look sturdy/invulnerable, it would be accordingly regarded as reliable, and the significance of the thick walls would be measured not by their artistic value, but by their seeming ability to provide a safe location for money.3. In a primitive society, for example, men pictured the world as large, fearsome, hostile, and beyond human control.P eople in a primitive society, for example, saw the world as an enormous planet full of fear, hatred and disorder.4.The principal function of today's wall is to separate possible undesirable outside air from the controlled conditions of temperature and humidity which we have created inside.Today a wall serves mainly as a physical means to protect the desired atmosphere inside from being disturbed by anything unwelcome outside.5. To repeat, it is not our advanced technology, but our changing conceptions of ourselves in relation to the world that determine how we shall build our walls.Again, the decisive factor that can influence the design of a wall is not the advancement of science and technology, but our ever-changing attitude towards our place in this world.Unit 41. He was a man of exuberant fancy, and, withal, of an authority so irresistible that, at his will, he turned his varied fancies into facts.He was a man rich in whimsies, and intolerant of any act bold enough as to challenge his authority. When his mind caught upon something, absurd as it might be, he would do everything to make sure that it was done in the way he wished.2. When every member of his domestic and political systems moved smoothly in its appointed course, his nature was bland and genial; but whenever there was a little hitch, and some of his orbs got out of their orbits, he was blander and more genial still, for nothing pleased him so much as to make the crooked straight, and crush down uneven places.When all his subjects behaved in such a manner as they were told to, he could be gentle and kind. And he could even be more so, if anything not conforming to what he expected should occur, because that offered a great chance for him to see the undesirable removed, a thing he was most delighted in doing.3. He could open either door he pleased: he was subject to no guidance or influence but that of the aforementioned impartial and incorruptible chance.He enjoyed total freedom to choose what to do: he was not directed or influenced by anyone as to which door to open. The only thing that was decisive in terms of his fate was the above-mentioned chance, granted to all the accused alike.4. This element of uncertainty lent an interest to the occasion which it could not otherwise have attained.The fact that no one could tell for sure what might happen (to the accused) made this from of trial more attractive than any other form of justice.5. Thus the masses were entertained and pleased, and the thinking part of the community could bring no charge of unfairness against this plan; for did not the accused person have the whole matter in his own hands?Thus people enjoyed coming here to watch, and those guided by reason in the society could not possibly question the fairness of this form of trial; for was it not the fact that all the accused were given equal chances to make decisions upon their won destiny?Unit51. This semi-barbaric king had a daughter as blooming as his most florid fancies, and with a soul as fervent and imperious as his own.This semi-barbaric king had a daughter as exuberant as the wildest of his notions, a daughter who possessed a nature as fierce and tyrannical as his own.2. Of course, everybody knew that the deed with which the accused was charged had been done.It was, of course, known to all that he was guilty of the offense of conducting an affair with the princess.3. ...; but the king would not think of allowing any fact of this kind to interfere with the workings of the tribunal, in which he took such great delight and satisfaction.…,even though the ki ng was well aware that the love affair had taken place, he would still refuse to let the normal method of deciding guilt or innocence be disturbed, because he was extremely enthusiastic about his way of setting matters of this kind.4. ...; but gold, and the power of a woman's will, had brought the secret to the princess..…; but because she had the money, and above all, because her determination was so irresistible, the princess was able to get access to the secret.5. He understood her nature, and his soul was assured that she would never rest until she had made plain to herself this thing, hidden to all other lookers-on, even to the king.He knew her so well that he was perfectly positive that she would never cease to search for the secret, which remained unknown to all other spectators, even to the king himself.Unit 61. There seems to be a general assumption that brilliant people cannot stand routine; that they needa varied, exciting life in order to do their best.It is generally believed that a colorless life can freeze a creative mind, and that only a colorful life can inspire a man to creative work.2. The outstanding characteristic of man's creativeness is the ability to transmute trivial impulses into momentous consequences.One of the wonders human creativity works is that man can make full use of even insignificant feelings to produce far-reaching results.3. An eventful life exhausts rather than stimulates.A life full of diversions stops man’s creativity instead of activating it.4. It is usually the mediocre poets, writers, etc.,who go in search of stimulating events to release their creative flow.Only literary artists of an average type rely on excitements in life as a source for their creative work./ Great poets, writers, etc., create works of art out of trivial and common subject.5. People who find dull job unendurable are often dull people who do not know what to do with themselves when at leisure.People who are unable to see how to be patient with repetitious work are usually those who are unable to see where to find fun in life when it comes to relaxation.。

Pre-class Work II1. Paraphrase.1) No. 12: He came back to get back the knife. After all, leaving his knife sticking out of the body is not a pleasant scene.No. 7: Especially when the person is one of his relatives.No. 4: That's not funny at all. Don't make any joke about it.2) No. 3: ... I've seen all kinds of cheating, lying and other dirty tricks in my life, but this littledemonstration is the worst I have ever seen.3) No. 7: ... How do you think about him (Juror No. 11)? He came to America to escape persecution,but now before he can take a deep breath, almost immediately, he is telling us Americans how to doeverything. I'm really amazed why he should be so conceited and rude.4) No. 9: Your eyeglasses made two deep marks beside your nose. I haven't noticed it before. I guess itmust be very annoying.No. 4: Yes, it is annoying.No. 9: I don't know what you feel about that, since my eyesight is perfect and I've never worn glasses.5) No. 3: You've showed unreasonable sympathy for thosepeople. How terrible you all are. Are you goingto frighten me not to vote him guilty? You can't. I have the right to h01d my own point.2, Learn to use reference books.Find the correct definition of the following in the text.1) figure: to think; to guess2) beat: to arrive at the very spot3) bear: to prove4) stamp: to keep lifting each foot and bringing it down again very hard to make a noise5) room: chance6) term: a word or expression that has a particular meaning7) bridge: a card game for four players who play in pairs8) feature: a film being shown at a cinema9) tie: the result of a game, competition, or election in which two or more people get the same number ofpoints, votes, etc.10) impressions: marks3. Find the synonyms of the following in a thesaurus.1) crazy: insane, mad, unbalanced2) to bother : to annoy, to trouble, to dismay, to worry, to disquiet, to disturb, to upset, to plague, to try4. Word-building.I) Give the corresponding nouns of the following.(1) vote (2) assumption (3) dependence(4) risk(5) objection (6) recreation (7) declaration(8) obscurity(9) plunge (10) description (11) annoyance (12) intimidation2) Give the corresponding verbs of the following.(1)to detect (2) to relate (3) to doubt (4) to differ(5) to display (6) to execute (7) to stress(8) to breathe(9) to disgust (10) to narrate (11) to switch3) Translate the following using your acquired rules of word-building and point out which "-ing"form denotes a gerund and which a present participle. Participles: (2), (4), (6), (8), (11), (12), (13), (15), (16), (17), (18), (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), (27),(28), (30), (31), (32), (34), (39), (40), (42), (44), (45), (46), (47), (49), (50)Gerunds: all the rest4) Study how these words are formed and make your own discoveries of rules of word building.(4) Give the noun forms of the following.resistance brilliance fragrance competenceexistence evidence violence dependenceconfidence reluctance persistence intelligenceMore Work on the TextII. vocabulary1.Translate1) into English.(1) to risk being criticized (2) to present the evidence(3) to capture the tiger (4) to twist the fact(5) to cover one's blunder (6) to recreate the scene(7) to stamp one's feet (8) to skip through one's fingers(9) to put oneself in sb.'s place (10) to run forone's life(11) to break the tie (12) to give a demonstration(13) to obscure the truth (14) to take a deep breath(15) to run the country2) into Chinese.(1)铁证(2)合理的怀疑(3)重施脂粉；浓妆艳抹(4)精神压力(5)陪审团意见分歧，无法做出决定(6)刑事(民事)法庭(7)近(远)亲(8)最终判决(9)旧货店(10)辩护律师(11)潜在威胁(12)滋生地2．Give synonyms and antonyms of the following．1)Give synonyms．(1)sure，certain(2)to catch，to arrest，to seize，to take prisoner(3)to calculate，to think，to believe，to presume，to guess(4)common，usual，ordinary，familiar(5)to join，to attach，tO combine，to unite，to link(6)drawing，map，plan，chart(7)show,demonstration，exhibition(8)beautiful，attractive，good-looking(9)terror,horror，great fear，fright，scare(10)mistake，error(11)to thrust，to attack，to hit at，to strike at，to charge(12)fuss，excitement，uproar，disturbance(13)strain，tension，pressure，burden(14)bad，awful，terrible，nasty，unpleasant(1 5)to terrify，to frighten，to make afraid，to bully2)Give antonyms．(1)near-sighted，short—sighted，myopic(2)illogical，irrational，inconsistent(3)old，ancient，outmoded，old—fashioned(4)valueless，worthless(Not：invaluable)(5)to reveal，to show,to clarify(6)tO approve，to agree，to accept，to welcome(7)peaceful(8)unconvinced，doubtful，uncertain(9)upward(10)expensive，costly，dear(11) dishonesty(12) educated, knowledgeable, well-informed(13) inconspicuous, unnoticeable, invisible(14) destructive3. Translate.1) More and more young people now favor the idea of spending their holidays traveling.2) I am still in favor of having my parents live with us in their old age.3) No facts have ever borne out the claim that with some methods one can learn a foreign language inweeks or months.4) Today all state-owned enterprises must bear their responsibilities for their losses.5) He must be out of his mind to do that. How can you bear such an insult?6) I have been to many interesting places in the world in my day. But now that I'm old, I still feel that "Eastand West, Home is Best".7) If you stick to these bad habits, you will risk losing your health.8) I'm sick and tired of being told what to do with my personal life.9) If I should fail, am I entitled to a makeup exam?10) Under those pressures he still had the courage to stick to histheory.11) There was a nail sticking out of that chair. It tore my favorite pants.12) We must not run the risk of violating intellectual property rights.13) We can't bear seeing all this garbage around. So we have decided to clean it up ourselves.14) Stick this motto on the wall where we can all see.15) One of the issues that remain in question in the conflict between Israel and Palestine is the issue ofJerusalem.16) It remained me of how we all tried to make steel in our backyard stoves in 1958.17) He may have forgotten. I should have reminded him to attend this meeting,18) Please remind everybody that tomorrow's volleyball match has been put off.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.1) in 2) off 3) down on 4) out 5) into 6) out 7) aside8) apart 9) up 10) into 11) out, at 12) in 13) in, on 14) in, inGive verbs that can form collocations with the following nouns.1) to make, to see, to get, to gain, to score, to give, to prove, to lose, to win, to come to, to get to (a/thepoint)2) to make, to pass, to obey, to break, to enforce, to respect, to revise, to lay down (a/the law)3) to take, to change, to count, to have, to cast, to win, to get, to call for, to put to (a/the/one's vote)7. Choose the right words in their proper forms.1) (1) incredible (2) incredulously (3) incredible (4) incredulous2) (1) announced (2) declared (3) announced (4) declared(5) declare (6) announced3) (1) arrested (2) caught (3) captured(4) captured4) (1) annoyed (2) bother/disturb/annoy (3) disturb/bother (4) disturbed(5) troubling (6) trouble8. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.(1) within (2) why (3) heavy(4) edge(5) lay (6) dark old (7) something (8) though(9) which (10) had fallen (11) on the front of (12) until(13) asking (14) mind (15) about IlL Grammar1. Understand grammar in context: study the use of the modal + have done construction andpoint out the concept each conveys.(The perfect infinitive denotes a past action or condition. When it is used with modals, the concept itexpresses depends on the modal.)1) improbability of a past action 2) probability of a past action3) probability of a past action 4) probability of a past action5) possibility of a past action 6) probability of a past action7) possibility of a past condition/state 8) probability of a past action9) necessity of a past action 10)probability of a past action11) probability of a past action 12) subjective certainty of a past action13) probability of a past action 14) obligation for a past action15) probability of past actions2. Rewrite the following sentences using could (not), may (not), must, would (not), should(not) followed by a perfect infinitive.1) Use "could (not)".(1) couldn't have run to the door in 15 seconds(2) couldn't have seen clearly who the murderer was(3) couldn't have committed the crime since he was at home with his mother at the time(4) couldn't have had a better time if you didn't invite us to this delightful party2) Use "may/might (not)".(1) may have been right(2) may not have sent it(3) may/might have killed the father with a similar knife(4) may/might have left it behind in the train(5) may not have passed our message to him(6) might/may have been a spy working in the minister's office(7) might/may not have seen me(8) may/might not have seen the advertisement.3) Use "must".(1) must have been written by a woman(2) must have been very exciting(3) must have been hard to get him to support the campaign(4) must have snowed all night(5) must have lied(6) must have happened between the two of them4) Use "would (not)".(1) wouldn't have quarreled over such trivial matters(2) would have lied just to attract attention(3) wouldn't have stabbed downward(4) wouldn't have invested heavily in real estate in a country on the brink of a civil war(5) wouldn't have been defeated by a computer5) Use "should (not)".(1) shouldn't have broken the sad news to her like that(2) should have told her the truth about her birth(3) shouldn't have walked all the way home(4) should have thought that/should have asked if3. Translate the sentences using the "modal + have done" construction.1) When I looked at my watch, he must have guessed my thoughts.2) It was so silent that you could have heard a pin drop.3) Don't worry. The children might have gone to their grandparents' place.4) You shouldn't have criticized your staff like that. They've done their best.5) I believe many other people would have done what I did under the circumstances.6) The druggist was a short man who could/might have been any age from fifty to a hundred.7) As all staff members had access to the information, any one of them could have downloaded thedocument.8) The man who saved two old ladies from a burning house said that others would have done the sameunder the circumstances.9) As his best friend, you should have advised Lao Wang to make up with his wife before it was too late.10) I definitely wouldn't have devoted all my time and energy to surfing on the Internet as he did last4. Put in appropriate connectives.(l) and (2) but (3) that (4) Since (5) and (6) But(7) as (8) But (9) where (10) as (11) who (12) that5. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.t) A 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) C 6) D 7) D 8) C 9) B10)A 11) C 12) D 13) C 14) D 15) CIV. Written WorkSummarize the reasonable doubts the jurors raise in this part of the play within 200 words.1) Juror No. 2 had a reasonable doubt about the downward angle of the stab wound. First, the boy was shorterthan his father. Second, anyone who was handy with the switch knife like the boy would use h underhand.The boy wouldn't have stabbed down.2) No. 9 doubted the eyesight of the woman who testified that she saw the killing take place. She had markson the sides of her nose which could only be made by eyeglasses. As no one wears glasses in bed, shecouldn't have identified a person 60 feet away at night without wearing glasses.3) If the boy had killed his father he wouldn't have gone back three hours later to get his knife. And hecouldn't have run out in a state of panic because then he would have had to be calm enough to wipe off hisfingerprints.4) The fact that the boy couldn't remember the names of the movies he said he saw on the night of the murdercouldn't be used as evidence against the boy either, because when No. 8 asked No. 4 the name of the movie hehad seen only a couple of days before, he couldn't answer accurately. ( 185 words.)。

人与自然单元Section A Text OneThe Obligation to EndureI. Filling in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary1. tranquilized2. lethal3. sugarcoat4. mesmerized5. sinister6. insipid7. tamper with8. heredity9. flagrant 10. impetuous11. mutations 12. lingers 13. vernacular 14. lodging 15. inadvertenceII. Using the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks1.surroundings2.contaminations3.irrecoverable4. irreversible5.mysteriously6.inhabitants7. inventiveness8. implications9. escalation 10.vindication III.1.The quick change and the speed with which new situations are created follow thereckless / hasty and careless / thoughtless pace of man instead of the leisurely / unhurried pace of nature.2.I am saying, rather, that control must be based on realities instead of on imagined /invented situations, and that the methods used should not destroy us at the same time the insects are destroyed. (destroy the insects and human beings together) 3.Have we been so obsessed / tempted / captivated that we accept something lessinferior or harmful as an unavoidable fact, as if we had given up the determination or the dream to cherish something good?IV. Testing your general knowledge1—5 A D B B B 6-10 A ACCC 11-15 BDB D CV. Proofreading the following passage1. acreage 改为acreages2. of 改为by3. conceive to 去掉to4. simplify 改成simplifying5. limit 改为a limit6. adopted 改为adapted7. another 改为other8. construction 改为destruction9. chances 改为chance 10. rich 改为richlySection A Text TwoThe Good EarthI. Filling in the blanks with the words and expressions provided, making some change when necessary1. resilient2. complying3. imperil4. siege5. complacent6. eons7. metropolis8. ameliorated9. mandated 10. respiratory11. emissions 12. odorless 13. extincted 14. conceived 15. culpritII. Using the appropriate form of the words given in the brackets to fill in the blanks1.toxicity2.emits3.dramatically4. bleaknessplacency/ complacence6.amelioration7. pollutants8. extinction9. ruinously plianceIII. Translating the short paragraph into Chinese积极的发展趋势是不是意味着可以不再关心环境问题了？当然不是。