宾语从句和被动语态
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宾语从句
一、什么是宾语从句?
宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句。宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成,其语序是陈述句语序。
二、哪些词后面常接that引导的宾语从句?
主句的谓语动词是say,think,tell, know,hear,see,feel,mean,hope,wish, remember,forget等时,或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid,glad,sure,sorry等作表语的系表结构时,后面常接that引导的宾语从句。例如:
He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster.他说他想和校长说话。
I think that we need to buy some meat for the party.我认为我们需要为聚会买些肉。
I'm sorry(that)he isn't here right now.对不起,此刻他不在。
三、从句的引导词that能省略吗?
that引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实,that本身无词义,在从句中不作任何成分,在口语中常常省略。例如:
I guess somebody else has borrowed it.我猜是别的人把它借走了。
I'm afraid you'll have to wait.恐怕你得等一下。
注意:从句前面有插入语时,引导词 that不能省略;如果有两个并列的宾语从句,第二个从句的引导词that也不能省略。例如:
She may tell you,for example,that she is interested in Chinese.例如,她可能会告诉你,她对汉语感兴趣。
Mr Read said(that)he taught English in a middle school in Beijing and that he came from
Australia.里德先生说他在北京的一所中学教英语,他来自澳大利亚。
四、宾语从句的时态有什么讲究?
1.主句中谓语动词是一般现在时,从句中谓语动词的时态不受限制,可根据具体情况选用适当的时态;2.主句中谓语动词是一般过去时,从句中也必须要用某种过去时态,以保持时态的前后呼应。3.注意当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时,则用一般现在时,不受主句时态的限制。试比较:
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible.他说他想尽快见到他。
He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible.他说他想尽快见到他。
He says that he is mending his bike.他说他正在修他的自行车。
He said that he was mending his bike.他说他正在修他的自行车。
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.老师告诉我们地球围绕着太阳转。
五、什么是否定转移? 主句是I /We think /suppose /guess /believe等,从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中,这就叫作否定转移。例如:我认为鸡不会游泳。
误:I think chickens can not swim.
正:I don't think chickens can swim.
注意:上述情况变成反意疑问句时,附加问句要看从句,如果主句的主语不是第一人称,则附加问句要看主句。试比较:
I think he is wrong,isn't he?
He thinks he is right,doesn't he?
六.连接代词、连接副词与宾语从句
本单元重点内容是由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句
I.宾语从句可由连接代词what, who,whom,whose,which等引导,它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等,因此不能省略。如:
Do you know who will come this afternoon?你知道今天下午谁来吗?(作主语)
Did you hear what she said?你听见她说的话了吗?(作宾语)
I don't know whose that is.我不知道那是谁的。(作表语)
Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?请问我们得走哪个门?(作gate的定语)
II.宾语从句可由连接副词when, where,how,why等引导,它们在宾语从句中作状语,不可省略。如:
We didn't know when she would come back.我们不知道她什么时候回来。
Can you tell me how I get to the post office?你能告诉我到邮局怎么走吗?
说明:含how的词组也可引导宾语从句。主要有how old,how many,how much, how
long,how often,how far等。如:
Do you know how old he is?
注意:以上两项内容中,连接代词和连接副词起引导宾语从句的作用,不要再重复使用连接词,造成不必要的错误。如:
I can't see that what is over there.(×)此句中应去掉that。
III.可用连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句的动词或短语动词有 see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,find out,show,remember, choose等。如:
We can't decide who should go to Beijing first.我们不能决定谁应该先去北京。
Read the story below and find out who Father Christmas is.读下面的故事,弄清楚圣诞老人是谁。
特殊疑问句变宾语从句五注意 一、 在引导词上,要将疑问代词或疑问副词变为连接代词或连接副词,引导宾语从句。如:
Whose bike is this?Does anybody know?→ Does anybody know whose bike this is?
二、宾语从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致。如:
When the train will arrive?He asked me.→ He asked me when the train would arrive.
三、在语序上,要将疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。如:
Which one do you like best?She asked me.→She asked me which one I liked best.
【注意】疑问句中主语之前的助动词若是 do/does /did,变为宾语从句时,要先将其去掉,谓语动词再根据时态作相应的变化。
四、特殊疑问词在句中作主语,变为宾语从句时语序不变(时态应作相应变化)。如:
Who can answer the question?The teacher asked.→The teacher asked who could answer the
question.
五、特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后,用问号还是用句号完全取决于主句的句式:如主句为陈述句、祈使句,句末就用句号;如主句是疑问句,句末就用问号。如:
I don't know when we shall start tomorrow.
Do you know when we shall start tomorrow?
宾语从句中连词专练
请补上下列各题宾语从句中所缺的连词(引导词)。
1.They said ________ they would all leave if John stayed.
2.I wonder ________ we can meet when I am in Beijing.
3.She asked ________ or not she could work in Xinjiang.
4.The teacher didn't know ________ broke the window.
5.Mr. Green went out to see ________ was happening.
6.Please tell me ________ your father is.
7.I really don't know ________ I should do with these letters.
8.Did you ask him ________ we would leave?
9.Do you know ________ the lady lives?
10.Can you tell us ________ you are late for class?
11.Could you tell us ________ I can get to the zoo?
12.Jenny wondered ________ wallet it was.
13.I can't decide ________ coat I should choose. 14.They asked me ________ the book cost.
15.Could you tell me ________ students there are in your class?
宾语从句与中考试题
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。学习宾语从句并不难,只要你能过好下面的三道关:
第一关,选好连接词(也有人叫关联词)。
引导宾语从句的连接词,课本上写有三类,但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。
1.连词that:只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如:
1)He knew(that)he should work hard.
2)I am glad(that)you've passed the exam.
2.连词whether或if:它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,口语中多用if。例如:
3)Do you know whether he will arrive here at 8 tomorrow morning?
4)Tom didn't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
作“是否”解的if和whether在具体用法上差别较大,同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用whether没有用if时受到那么多限制。例如:
5)He asked me whether or not I was coming.他问我是否要来。(该句中的whether不能换成if,因为if不能与or连用。)
3.连接代词who,whom ,whose,what, which:它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有其自己的意义。例如:
6)The teacher asked the new student which class he was in?(武汉市)(which引导宾语从句,在从句中作定语,修饰class,意为“哪个”。)
7)Can you tell me whom he is waiting for?(天津市)
4.连接副词when,where, why,how:起连接作用,分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语,各有其自己的意义。例如:
8)I wonder where he got so much money.对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。(where在从句中作地点状语,修饰got,意为“哪里;什么地方”。)
9)He didn't tell me how old his friend was.(四川省)
第二关,牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其他”。例如:
10)You must remember what your teacher said.(河南省)
11)—Dad,do you know when the football game will start?