英语高考第二轮复习专题
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第 1 页 共 30 页2009英语高考第二轮复习专题 一、辽宁(新)短文改错着重考查考生的语言基本功和正确使用英语进行表达的能力。它涉及词汇、语法、句型结构等方面的知识和行文逻辑情理的推断和综合辨析能力,是一种较高层次的考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。它是专门针对考生们平时学习英语过程中,尤其是写作练习中常犯的又是较为普遍的错误而设计的。对考生们而言,该题又是拉开距离和档次的题型。在2007和2008宁夏、海南高考试点新型短文改错成功的基础上,2009年辽宁将加入到这个行列,采用新形式的的短文改错题。新形式的短文改错是一篇不足10行的110-120字左右的学生习作式的短文,07后 08念得宁夏、海南高考是6-7行。短文中有10处错误,但是不像以往的短文改错标出了题号,而且是每行一错,平均分布。新形式的短文改错则打破这种平衡,在不足10行的短文中,偶的是一处错误,最多每行不超过2个错误。这就增加了这个题型的难度,要求考生判断各行是否有错。若有错误,将它找出并改正;如果没错,则不要那个更正。二、命题分析通过这几年的试点,在对宁夏和海南高考试题中短文改错的研究评析,可以看出命题者命题的思路和方式,命题者主要在在行文逻辑、一致关系、连接手段、平行结构、多词少词、母语干扰、冠词使用、名词数格、
第 2 页 共 30 页词语搭配、词性辨析等方面进行设计和考查。归纳起来,短文改错的命题特点和命题趋向主要体现在以下几个方面:1.错误类型设置相对稳定 从设错形式上看,基本上没有错误的占1行;其余的是有错误,在这些错误当中,错词的占8个,多词和缺词的1个左右。 2.短文改错所考查的词类覆盖面广,分布合理。错误包括词法、句法、语篇结构、行文逻辑等,涉及名词、冠词、代词、介词、形容词、副词、连词、动词时态、动词语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致等语法知识。在改错题中,占相当大比例的主要是动词的形式变化,现在时第三人称单数,过去时,-ed分词,-ing分词及被动语态等。其他如名词复数的变化、主谓一致、词与词之间搭配、词法、句法及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面也会交替出现。3.短文改错试题的难度保持平稳,体裁以记叙文为主,而且趋向于书信体文章,这较说明文和议论文更易理解;句子结构以简单句为主过渡到以复合句和并列句为主,句子长度趋于平稳,这就较好的控制了考查的难度。但是从考题看,肯定会有一个长达20多个词的句子,句子越长难度越高。三、应试技巧1.通读全文,了解短文的中心意思,把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑。尤其是行文逻辑方面的错误,有时孤立地读一个单句时是没有错误的(或是不易看出错误)。但是,如果联系上下文,就会发现该句的问题所
第 3 页 共 30 页在。在通读全文的同时把一些比较容易的或是明显的错误先改好,这样也为再进行分行、分句改错时,起到了降低难度的作用。2.分句阅读,逐行找错。做完上述工作后,就要进入逐行改错的阶段。这时就要对文中的词法、句法和语篇角度着重分析和特别注意。3.最后,把改好后的短文再阅读一遍,检验答案是否正确,感觉是否还有不妥之处,最终形成定稿。注意问题1.正确的一行不见得都在短文中间或是最后的位置,有时也会打破常规,出现在第一行。2.短文改错时改“错”,要改正错误,而不是另起炉灶按照自己的喜好随意改变,换形式。3.改错是在遵从原句含义的基础上,进行改错。但同时注意句子的内在逻辑,把握文章大意,适当改好连词。四、实战演练 1A proven method of effective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developing by Francis Robinson. The first step is to survey the chapter in reading the title, introduction, section headings,
第 4 页 共 30 页summary and by studying any graphs, tables illustrations or charts. The purpose to this step is toget an overview of the chapter so you will know before you read that it will be about. In the second step, for each sections you ask you questions like “What do I already know about thistopic?” In this step you also take out the section heading and turned it into a question. This step gives you a purpose for reading the section.A proven method of effective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developing by Francis developedRobinson. The first step is to survey the chapter in reading the title, introduction, section headings, by
第 5 页 共 30 页summary and by studying any graphs, tables illustrations and charts. The purpose to this step is to or forget an overview of the chapter so ∧you will know before you read that it will be about. In thethat whatsecond step, for each sections you ask you questions like “What do I already know about this section yourselftopic?” In this step you also take out the section heading and turned it into a question. This step 去掉out turngives you a purpose for reading the section.解析:1. developing改为developed。由法国研究的办法,method和develop之间是被动关系。2. in改为by。by,“通过……方法”,“通过阅读标题等方法调查”。3. and改为or。通过图表、列表或图示研究,三者是选择关系。4. to改为for。the purpose for sth,“做某事的目的”,习惯搭配。
第 6 页 共 30 页5. 在so后面加上that。so that,“以至于”,“第一步的目的是获得图表的概观以至于你在阅读它关于什么之前就知道”。 6. that改为what。宾语从句中缺少介词about的宾语,故意what替代。7. sections改为sections。each修饰单数可数名词。8. you改为yourself。ask oneself questions,问自己问题。9. 去掉out。在这部分你也拿这部分题目,而take out是“除掉”的意思。10. turned改为turn。take和turn是并列谓语,故都采用一般现在时。 2From Russian villages to Africa or Asia, chicken soup has been the cure of those weak in body and spirit. Mothers passed their knowledges on to ancient writers of Greece, China and Rome, and even the 12th century philosopher and physician Moses Mainmides praised theirs virtues. Among the ancients, Aristotle thought poultry should stand at higher estimation than four-leg animals because the air is more dense than the earth.
第 7 页 共 30 页Chickensanother boost (吹捧) in the book of Genesis, at where it is writtenthat birds and fish was created on fifth day, a day before four-legged animals.Key: From Russian villages to Africa or Asia, chicken soup has been the cure andof those weak in body and spirit. Mothers passed their knowledges on to ancient for knowledgewriters of Greece, China and Rome, and even the 12th century philosopher and physician Moses Mainmides praised theirs virtues. itsAmong the ancients, Aristotle thought poultry should stand at higher inestimation than four-leg animals because the air is more dense than the earth. four-legged less
第 8 页 共 30 页Chickens got another boost (吹捧) in the book of Genesis, at where it is written 去掉at that birds and fish was created on ∧fifth day, a day before four-legged animals. were the解析:1. or改为and。从下文提到国家的名字,我们可知非洲和亚洲是并列的。2. of改为for。the cure for sth,“对……的治疗”,固定搭配。3. knowledges改为knowledge。Knowledge是不可数名词,没有复数形式。4. theirs改为its。这里指代的是“chicken soup”,故采用its。5. at改为in。in high estimation,“(大受)尊重”,固定搭配。6. four-leg改为four-legged。four-legged,“四条腿的”,复合形容词。7. more改为less。因为空气比土地稀薄。8. 去掉at。Where引导定语从句修饰先行词Genesis,爱他没有任何作用,去掉。9. was改为were。birds和fish是并列主语,谓语采用复数形式。10.在on后添加the。叙述此前要有定冠词the。