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SAT强化语法讲义-李侃(2009暑假版)-附答案

SAT Grammar

Li Kan

Beijing New Oriental School

International Tests Training Program Department

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Aim:

This course is designed to provide students with the basic grammar knowledge, general skills for each type of questions and reasoning techniques necessary for doing well on the SAT grammar, which is included in the SAT writing section. The course will also provide students with the

test-taking skills, language expertise, and guidance which students need to achieve their goals and maximize their SAT score.

Objectives:

The major objectives of the training program are to help the students:

?Familiarizing the students with the SAT

?Familiarizing the students with the format and directions of the SAT grammar part ?Understanding the most frequently tested grammatical points and the ways in which these points are tested

?Developing general skills for each types of questions, i.e. ISE, IS and IP questions ?Cultivating students’ awareness to express their ideas clearly, effectively, and accurately ?Enhancing students’ ability to use the reasoning ability and the grammatical knowledge to do well in the SAT grammar section

Required Materials:

Official Guide to the SAT test

Suggested Materials:

SAT Online Tests

SAT questions of the day

SAT authentic papers

SAT语法部分综述：

我们的目标：

ISE典型例题：

(1) The light emitted by high-intensity-discharge car headlights are(A) very effective in activating(B) the reflective paints of road markers, thereby(C) making driving at night(D) safer. No error (E)

(2) Joseph Pulitzer, a Hungarian-born immigrant(A) to the United States and an innovator in the field(B) of popular journalism, who established(C) the Pulitzer Prizes in(D) journalism and literature. No error (E)

(3) Mr. Johnson’s assumption that a teenager had robbed his house being unfounded(A), for

(B) the witnesses described the person they had seen(C) fleeing as a woman(D). No error (E)

(4) Because the garden was untended(A), the windows had no(B) shutters, and the lawn overrun(C) by weeds, people passing by(D) the old house assumed that it was unoccupied. No error (E)

(5) Many jazz enthusiasts would have to admit(A) that their having(B)unjustly overlooked

(6) The grooved and barbed spears of the box jellyfish, each(A)trailed by(B) a poison thread, is released(C)when(D) the animal is threatened. No error (E)

(7) Among(A) the most dangerous environmental threats that we face are(B)

“compu-garbage”, the nonbiodegradable and often toxic(C) waste resulting from the improper disposal of(D) obsolete personal computers. No error (E)

(8) A farmer’s field can have more than 50,000 weed seeds per square meter(A) buried beneath the soil surface seeds (B) buried more than about one centimeter below(C) the soil surface do not receive enough (D) light to germinate. No error (E)

(9) The Neuse River in North Carolina is thought to be(A) about two million years old, and there has(B) likely been human settlements in the basin for(C) at least(D) 14,000 years. No error (E)

(10) Relying on dams for large-scale water storage and for(A) delivering water to places where(B) it does not naturally occur have(C) long-term effects on the balance between(D) groundwater and surface water and on the quality of the surrounding soil. No error (E)

(11) Beginning in(A) the 1830’s, walking footraces in England, the United States, and continental Europe became mass spectator sports that(B) sometimes attract(C)over(D) 25,000 people. No error (E)

(12) In the fifteenth century, Leonardo da Vinci suggested that defective vision can be corrected(A) by placing(B) a lens in direct contact(C)with(D) the eye. No error (E)

(13) Until recently, most people entering(A) politics feel (B) that loss of privacy was a fair price(C) to pay for(D) the chance to participate in policy making. No error (E)

(14) One subject of(A) Felipe Alfau’s second novel, published more than(B) 40 years after it has been(C)written(D), is the illusory nature of the passage of time. No error (E)

(15) During(A) my most recent(B) trip, I came across(C) a wonderful antique store wandering(D) in the old quarter of the city. No error (E)

(16) Ms. Kovak proudly displayed her research group’s(A)most ingenious invention(B), a vacuum cleaner that empties its own(C) dust bag when pressing a button(D). No error (E)

(17)Over the past(A)two years, apparel manufacturers have(B)worked to meeting

(18) In order(A) for the audience to believe in and be engaged by(B) a Shakespeare character, they have(C) to come across as a real person(D) on the stage. No error (E)

(19) By using electromagnetic sensors to record(A) the frequency of lightning strikes throughout(B) the United States, meteorologists have determined that(C)it occurs(D) at the rate of 2,000 per hour. No error (E)

(20) Neither Ms. Perez nor(A) Ms. Tanaka believes(B) that watching as much television as her(C) son Sam does will lead(D) to anything productive. No error (E)

(21) Seventy-five percent of what we perceive as (A) taste, especially (B) the perception of flavor, is really attributable to one’s sense (C) of smell (D). No error (E)

(22) The explosions of the volcano Krakaroa in 1883 hurled rock and ash more than(A) 20 miles high, and it(B) could be heard(C) 3,000 miles away(D). No error (E)

(23) The two centers of the immense(A) biological diversity on Earth are tropical ecosystems, which support(B) almost unbelievable(C) large numbers of plants and animals, and islands,

which by their isolation(D) promote the rapid evolution of unique life forms. No error (E)

(24) In 1952, when the Federal Communication Commission lifted its ban on new television stations, there were (A) 105 stations and 15 million households with television sets, but by (B) 1956 the number of stations had grown(C) to almost 500 and the number of households with sets at nearly(D) 35 million. No error (E)

(25) Elephants use various(A) methods to combat excessive heat, such as fanning themselves

(B) with their ears and to protect(C) their skin from the sun with layers(D) or mud and dust. No error (E)

(26) There is(A)probably no(B) story more dramatic(C)than baseball’s(D) great hitter and right fielder, Hank Aaron. No error (E)

(27) The great white shark is the more infamous(A)of all sharks(B), the star of(C) Peter Benchley’s bestselling novel Jaws, four Hollywood movies, and many(D) television specials. No error (E)

(28) Shortly after (A) Queen Eleanor arrived in Nottingham in 1257 for a visit (B), she fled the town because she could(C) not stand the smell of coal smoke and was afraid(D) and feared for her health. No error (E)

(29) Each year the television industry takes in billion of dollars in advertising(A) revenue annually(B) based on ratings information, but(C) it can owe advertisers tens of millions of dollars in free commercials when(D) ratings fall short of expectations. No error (E)

ISE知识体系总结：

IS典型例题：

(1) Alongside the trail on which we ride our bikes each morning run a crooked line of rugged old oak trees.

(A) run a crooked line of rugged old oak trees

(B) runs a crooked line of rugged old oak trees

(D) there runs rugged old oak trees in a crooked line

(E) there run a crooked line of rugged old oak trees

(2) Medical insurance coverage that requires high monthly premiums and that is beyond the financial means of many people.

(A) that requires high monthly premiums and that is

(B) that requires high monthly premiums and it is

(D) with the requirements of high monthly premiums are

(E) that requires high monthly premiums is

(3) Although the exact cause of type 2 diabetes is unknown, experts say that for some people improper diet and lack of exercise contributes to the onset of the disease.

(A) exercise contributes

(B) exercise, they contribute

(D) exercise, contributing

(E) exercise has been contributing

(4) Britain’s first Ice Age cave art----faint engravings of birds, ibexes, and a wild ox----were

a recent discovery for a team of archaeologists in a cave at Creswell Crags in central England.

(A) were a recent discovery for

(B) were recently discovered by

(D) was recently discovered by

(E) recently discovered by

(5) Since last September Patricia has been working at the convenience store down the road.

(A) has been working

(B) works

(D) will be working

(E) worked

(6) In the sixteenth century, the forests were destroyed in Britain, which meant not only a shortage of the most important building material of the time, but also a fuel shortage.

(A) the forests were destroyed in Britain, which meant not only a shortage

(B) the forests in Britain were destroyed, which meant a shortage not only

(D) destruction of the forests in Britain meant not only a shortage

(E) destruction of the forests in Britain meant a shortage not only

(7) With 12 national forests, Idaho is at the center of the battle between those who want to profit from federal timberlands or the ones wanting them to be saved.

(A) or the ones wanting them to be saved

(B) and the ones wanting that they are saved

(D) as well as others, wanting to save them

(E) as well as those who want that it be saved

(8) The program, and they consider it a model of health care that can be improved, so far involves patients with two diseases: diabetes and congestive heart failure.

(A) and they consider it a model of health care that

(B) considered by them to be a model of health care, which

(D) which is considered a model for how health care

(E) which they consider a model for health care, it

(9) Experts disagree about what is the definition of intelligence and how to measure it.

(A) what is the definition of intelligence and how to measure it

(B) how to define intelligence, and also its measurement

(D) defining intelligence as well as measurement

(E) the definition of intelligence and measuring it

(10) To complete the music program, a student must present one vocal performance, one instrumental performance, and composing one original work.

(A) and composing one original work

(B) and one original composition

(D) and to compose one original work

(E) as well as the student’s original composition

(11) Dr. Chien Shiung Wu has disproved a widely accepted theory of physics when she showed that identical nuclear particles do not always act alike.

(A) has disproved

(B) having disproved

(D) disproves

(E) disproving

(12) Though now one of the most famous abstract artists, critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock for his technique of splattering paint on canvases.

(A) critics once ridiculed Jackson Pollock

(B) critics were once ridiculing Jackson Pollock

(D) Jackson Pollock was once ridiculed by critics

(E) Jackson Pollock, having once been ridiculed by critics

(13) There is many challenges associated with starting one’s own business.

(A) is many challenges associated

(B) is many challenges to associate

(D) are many challenges associated

(E) are many challenges which associate

(14) Carried by the strong, dry winds of the stratosphere the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that crossed the United States in three days and circled the globe in two weeks.

(A) the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that

(B) Mount Saint Helens’ eruption in 1980 caused dust that

(D) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens that

(E) there was dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens and it

(15) Jesse Jackson’s Rainbow PUSH Coalition was established to encourage populations to become socially and politically active, was created in 1996 by the merging of two groups Jackson had previously founded.

(A) Coalition was established

(B) Coalition is established

(D) Coalition, which being established

(E) Coalition, established

(16) If asked to name a musical group with broad and lasting appeal, the Beatles would be the choice of many, no matter what kinds of music are actually preferred.

(A) the Beatles would be the choice of many, no matter what kinds of music are actually preferred

(B) the Beatles will be chosen by many people, no matter what kinds of music are actually preferred

(D) many, who actually preferred different kinds of music, choose the Beatles

(E) many people, no matter what kinds of music they actually prefer, would choose the Beatles

(17) Because she believed strongly that education was important for women as for men, Abigail Adams was unhappy that she had not been allowed to receive the classical education accorded to the males of her time.

(A) Because she believed strongly that education was

(B) Because of believing strongly in education as

(D) In believing strongly in education as

(E) While she believed strongly that education was

(18) A new deep-sea research vessel will be able to carry people to 99 percent of the ocean floor, it dives deeper than any such vessel has previously been able to.

(A) floor, it dives

(B) floor, which dives

(D) floor, and they can dive

(E) floor, where it can dive

(18) Spread by rat fleas, millions of people in medieval Europe were killed by bubonic plague.

(A) millions of people in medieval Europe were killed by bubonic plague

(B) and millions of medieval Europeans were killed by bubonic plague

(D) bubonic plague in medieval Europe was why millions of people were killed

(E) bubonic plague killed millions of people in medieval Europe

(20) Among the most flavorful cuisines in the United States, New Orleans has also become one of the most popular.

(A) New Orleans has also become

(B) New Orleans has also become famous as

(D) cuisines in New Orleans also have become

(E) also the cuisine of New Orleans is

(21) Beginning in 1285, various commissions were set up in London for addressing the problem of coal smoke, of which complaints said had “infected and corrupted” the air.

(A) for addressing the problem of coal smoke, of

(B) by addressing the coal smoke problem,

(D) to address the problem of coal smoke, of

(E) to address the coal smoke problem,

(22) When the Berlin Wall, long a symbol of the Cold War, began to be torn down in 1989, five million people went to Berlin to celebrate that.

(A) to celebrate that

(B) for its celebration

(D) in celebration of that

(E) in celebrating

(23) Psychologists advise that before making any major changes in your life, a person needs to focus on one’s goals.

(A) your life, a person needs to focus on one’s goals

(B) their life, a person needs to focus on their goals

(D) one’s life, you should focus on your goals

(E) their lives, people should focus on their goals

(24) When Sheila and Lucy visited the restaurant, she noticed that the menu had changed and that their favorite dish was no longer offered.

(A) she noticed that the menu had changed

(B) she notices that the menu has changed

(D) Sheila had noticed the menu changing

(E) Sheila noticed that the menu had changed

(25) Norman Rockwell was an illustrator and painter that was able to make a living at it.

(A) Norman Rockwell was an illustrator and painter that was able to make a living at it

(B) Norman Rockwell was able to make a living as an illustrator and painter

(D) Able to make a living from them, Norman Rockwell illustrated and painted

(E) By illustrating and painting was how Norman Rockwell was able to make a living

(26) The company announced that it would close all 53 of their commercial banking branches and they are to lay off 850 people.

(A) their commercial banking branches and they are to lay

(B) their commercial banking branches and laying

(D) its commercial banking branches and to lay

(E) its commercial banking branches and lay

(27) Researchers have found that large fish are most likely to contain high levels of mercury than small fish.

(A) are most likely to contain high levels of mercury than small fish

(B) are more likely to contain high levels of mercury compared to small fish

(D) compared with small fish most likely to contain high levels of mercury

(E) more likely contain high levels of mercury than in small fish

(28) Twice as many bird species inhabit Ecuador as in North America.

(A) as in

(B) as inhabit

(D) when compared to

(E) than

(29) Mainly through the efforts of Jane Goodall, apes were revealed to be not blundering, primitive automatons, but beings with as complex and subtle social lives like us.

(A) as complex and subtle social lives like us

(B) complex and subtle social lives just like us

(D) social lives complex and subtle just as ours

(E) social lives as complex and subtle as ours

(30) When for the first time the United States imported more oil than it exported, Americans should have realized that an energy crisis was imminent and could happen in the future . (A) was imminent and could happen in the future

(B) could happen imminently in the future

(D) is an imminent thing

(E) might be imminent

(31) Because European filmmaking all but shut down during the First World War is the reason why the film industry in the United States rose to prominence.

(A) Because European filmmaking all but shut down during the First World War is the reason why

(B) Because European filmmaking all but shut down during the First World War,

(D) With European filmmaking close to shutting down during the First World War, so

(E) The fact that European filmmaking nearly shut down during the First World War is why

(32) Last year, the average salary of a first-time teacher was $29.564 annually, increasing

3.2 percent over the previous year.

(A) teacher was $29.564 annually, increasing 3.2 percent over

(B) teacher was $29.564 annually, an increase of 3.2 percent over that of

(D) teacher, $29.564, was an increase of 3.2 percent for

(E) teacher, $29.564, increasing 3.2 percent from that of

(33) The apparently chaotic images in certain types of contemporary painting strike many viewers as both confusing but delightfully original.

(A) but

(B) but also

(D) and as

(E) and

(34) The old maxim “Let the buyer beware” suggests that as a buyer we are responsible for inspecting merchandise for flaws before paying for it.

(A) as a buyer we are responsible

(B) as a buyer it is their responsibility

(D) buyers are responsible

(E) buyers are to be the ones responsible

(35) Nursing and physical therapy are an example of health-care fields that have shortages in staffing.

(A) are an example of health-care fields that

(B) are examples of health-care fields that

(D) exemplifies a health-care field that

(E) exemplify health-care fields where they

(36) Foot races of varying distances were the first and, for many years beginning in 776

B.C.E., as the only Olympic event.

(A) as the only Olympic event

(B) it was the only Olympic event

(D) only Olympic event

(E) the only Olympic events

(37) Since scientific advances are central to progress, basic research deserving continuing support.

(A) basic research deserving continuing support

(B) basic research being what deserves continuing support

(D) continuing support is deserved by basic research

(E) continuing support is what they deserve in basic research

(38) Though they had earlier indicated otherwise, it was eventually decided upon by the legislators to have the bill passed.

(A) it was eventually decided upon by the legislators to have the bill passed

(B) it was eventually decided upon by the legislators to pass the bill

(D) the legislator’s eventual decision was passing the bill

(E) the legislators eventually decided to pass the bill

(39) We generally think of Canada as the northern neighbor of the United States, and more than half of the states extend farther north than Canada’s southernmost point.

(A) States, and more than half of the states extend

(B) States, and it is the case that more than half of the states extend

(D) States, whereas more than half of the states are extending

(E) States; however, more than half of the states extend

IS知识体系总结：

IP知识体系总结：

测试题1:

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