初中宾语从句
一、定义
宾语从句是英语复合句中非常重要的从句之一，也是初中阶段要求重点掌握的从句。
宾语从句属于名词性从句，是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语。
宾语从句一般做介词或及物动词的宾语，如：
We all expect that they will win.
我们所有人都盼着他们能赢。
（动宾）
We are talking about whether we should keep the money.
我们正在讨论是否应该收下这笔钱。
（介宾）
二、宾语从句的连接词
宾语从句的引导词很多样，基本涵盖了从句中涉及的所有引导词，可分为从属连词，连
1. 若主句是现在时的某种时态（一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），宾语从句不受限制，可以根据实际情况随意穿越，如：
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
He has told me that he will leave for Shanghai next week.
他已经告诉我下周他就要动身去上海了。
2. 若主句是过去时的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），如：
I only knew he was studying in a western country.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书。
My teacher told me that Mrs. Rosemary had been back to Australia already.
我的老师告诉我，Rosemary夫人已经回澳大利亚了。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高。
3. 若从句是一个客观真理,那么从句用一般现在时，不根据主句的时态而变化，如：
He told me that the earth goes around the sun.（真理）他告诉我地球围着太阳转。
He said that Yao Ming is much taller than him.（事实）他说姚明比他高很多。
四、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，尤其疑问词作连接词的句子要格外注意，因为读起来与
正常疑问句不同，容易出错，陈述语序即主语+谓语的顺序，如：
What’s Kate’s e-mail address ? Do you know ?= Do you know what Kate’s e-mail address is ?
你知道凯特的电子邮件地址吗？
五、宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, consider等,并且主句的主语是第一人称时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party. (√)
I think he won’t come to my party. (×)
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
六、宾语从句的简化
1. 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等词时，从句可简化为不定式结构，如：
I hope that I can receive your e-mail. = I hope to receive your e-mail.
我希望能收到你的电子邮件
2. 当宾语从句主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等，从句有疑问词引导时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构，如：She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.
她不知道下一步该做什么。
六、重难点
宾语从句时初中阶段重点考点，考试最后一题单选题往往涉及，考查重点主要是从宾语从句的语序和时态入手，判断时态，还原陈述语序也就是做这种题的关键。
七、易错点：
1. if, whether在宾语从句中的区别
在宾语从句中if和whether都是“是否”的意思，但在一下情况下，只能用whether
1) if和whether在作“是否”解时，介词后一般不用if，如：
They are talking about whether she will come tonight.他们正在讨论今晚她会不会来。
2) whether后可以加or not，但是if不可以，如：
They don’t know whether she will come or not.他们不知道她会不会来。
3) 在不定式前只能用whether，如：
I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
4) 避免歧异时，我们常用whether而不用if，如：
They are wondering if she can come. (×)
They are wondering whether she can come. (√)
注：if只有在宾从中才作“是否”理解，在常见的条件状语从句中翻译为“如果”，如：If I pass the exam, I will get a present from my mom.
如果通过考试，我将从妈妈那里得到个礼物。
2. 宾语从句中不可省略的that
that引导宾语从句没有意思，大多时候可以省略，但若多个宾语从句并列时，第一个that 可省略，其余连词后的that必须要在，以表示与前一句宾语从句并列，否则会出现歧义，如：He admits (that) there are some problems in this software and that it will take a while to solve them. 他承认软件有问题，同时承认解决问题需要一些时间。
3.doubt引导宾语从句
1）如果主句是肯定句，则宾语从句用if\whether引导
I doubt if\whether he is a student.
2）如果主句是否定句\疑问句，则宾语从句引导词只能用that
I don’t doubt that he is a student.
随堂练习
（一）关系词选择
1、Tom asked my friend _________.
A.where was he from
B.that the earth is bigger than the moon
C.When did he come back
D.Why not to be so angry
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。
特殊疑问词+陈述句语序句子，故排除A．C．D三项。
地球比月亮大是客观现实，故用一般现在时。
不受题干当中asked时态的干扰。
故选B。
2、I never doubt _____ this exhibition is worth ________.
A.whether, to visit
B. that, to visit
C. if, visiting
D. that, visiting
【答案】D
3、I never doubt ________this English dictionary is of great _________ to me.
A.that, helpful
B. if, help
C. whether, helpful D, that, help
【答案】D
4、I don’t know _______read the information on the computer screen．
A.to
B. what to
C. how to
D. to what
【答案】C
5、句型转换
(1). Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _________ light _________ faster than sound.
(2). There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _________ there _________ _________ a meeting in five days.
(3). Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know _________ _________ _________ _________French.
(4). Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ homework yet.
【答案】 1. that; travels 2. that; would be 3. whether they can speak French
4. whether he had finished his
【解析】 1. 考查宾语从句关系词选择和时态。
从句为陈述事实，所以用that；又从句为自然现象，用一般现在时，三单加s。
2. 考查宾语从句关系词和时态。
主句为didn’t know，那么从句一定是一个不确定的内容，又根据提示，从句完整，所以用whether；又从句时态要和主句保持一致，用过去将来时。
3. 考查宾语从句关系词和时态语序。
主句为want to know，那么从句一定是一个不确定的内容，又根据提示，从句完整，所以用whether；又主句一般现在时，从句时态随意使用，这句问的是现状，用一般现在时既可；最后，要用陈述语序。
4. 考查宾语从句关系词和时态语序。
根据句意，应该是问是否完成了作业，所以用whether；又主句为过去时，那么从句对应过去完成时；语序用陈述语序。
6、You can trust Frank. We never doubt __________ he is honest.
A.Whether
B. that
C. whether
D. if
【答案】B
7、We all hope ________ to our party tomorrow afternoon.
A.Him to come
B. him coming
C. he coming
D. he can come
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的固定搭配.句意:我们都希望他明天下午会来参加我们的派对.根据题干可知本题hope后接的是一个宾语从句,省略that. 从句的主语是he,排除A、B. C形式不对.结合选项D符合题意.he can come to our party tomorrow afternoon.意为他明天下午会来参加我们的派对.
8、I never doubt ___________.
A.whether Jill has told me the truth or not
B.whether has Jill told me the truth
C.that Jill has told me the truth
D.if Jill has told me the truth
【答案】C
9、选择恰当关系词填空
1. She said _________ it wouldn’t matter much.（that, if）
2. He always thinks _________ he can do better.（how, who）
3. We are talking about _________ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)
4. I was really surprised at _________ I saw. (where, what)
5. I don’t know _________ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)
6. Do you know _________ you are studying for? (why, what)
7. I really don’t know _________ he bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
【答案】 1. that 2. how 3. whether 4. what 5. why 6. what 7. how soon 【解析】 1. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。
关系词选择主要看从句的成分和意思，从句时一句完整的话，且不有不确定性，所以填that。
2. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。
从句是完整句子，再根据句意：他总在思考他如何能够做得更好。
所以填how。
3. 考查宾语从句关系词区分。
宾语从句中whether和if都是是否的意思，但在介词后只能用whether，所以填whether。
4. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。
从句中缺少宾语，即看到的内容，故填what。
5. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。
根据句意：我不知道为什么那么多人看着他。
所以填why。
6. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。
根据句意，你知道你学习是为了什么吗？从句缺少for的宾语，即为什么而学，故填what，另外why=what for。
7. 考查宾语从句关系词选择。
根据句意：我真的不知道这座桥多久会竣工。
how long就是问多长时间，特指时间段，how soon则表示多久之后，所以填how soon。
10、Some of my friends are interested in science, but none of them can tell _________.
A.when UFOs appeared next time
B.that horses know the way or not
C.how elephants communicate
D.where was this kind of plant found
【答案】C
（二）宾语从句的时态和语态
1、---Could you tell me ___________________?
---By reading word groups.
A.how could become a good reader
B.what could I do to read quickly
C.how I can read faster
D.what I can do to read faster
【答案】C
2、It takes about three hours to drive to the airport, but nobody knows _____ there will be heavy traffic on the way．Let's leave earlier．
A.When
B. why
C. whether
D. that
【答案】C
3、---Could you tell me __________？
---Every four years．The 24th will take place in China in 2022．
A.how long the Winter Olympic Games last
B.how long do the Winter Olympic Games last
C.how often are the Winter Olympic Games held
D.how often the Winter Olympic Games are held
【答案】D
【解析】根据Could you tell me，可知本句考查了宾语从句的用法．在宾语从句中所使用的语序应该是陈述句语序，选项BC是疑问句语序，排除掉．再根据Every four years，可知这里询问的是频率
4、I studied English very hard but I really don't know in the English exam.
A. why I got a low mark
B. why did I get a low mark
C. why I get a low mark
D. why do I get a low mark
【答案】A
5、John asked"Can you care for my pet cat while I'm away？"（改写句子，句意不变）
John asked__________ I __________care for his pet cat while he was away．
【答案】if/whether could
【解析】分析：约翰问："当我不在时，你能照顾我的宠物猫吗？"
约翰问当他不在时是否我能照看他的宠物猫．
答案：if/whether could．直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句，一般现在时它需改为一般过去时态can改为could，引句中第二人称改为第一人称．后面从句第一人称要和主句人称一致故I'm该为he was．故答案为if/whether could．
6、我认为长时间坐在电脑前对眼睛没有好处。
I __________________ your eyes to sit too long at a computer.
【答案】don’t think it is good for
【解析】考查固定句型。
I don’t think it is good for sth. to do sth.我认为做某事是不好的。
7、Little Peter promised his mother that he _______ rubbish everywhere from then on.
A.won’t leave
B.hasn’t left
C.wouldn’t leave
D.didn’t leave
【答案】C
8、I didn’t know _______________.
A. when would the train arrive
B. who left the message
C. what has been done
D. where could I get the book
【答案】B
9、I didn’t understand ______, so I asked her some questions after class.
A. what my teacher says
B. what my teacher said
C. what does my teacher say
D. what did my teacher say
【答案】B
10、----I’d like to know _______.
----Maybe in the forest.
A. whether we will go camping
B. where we will go camping
C. whether will we go camping
D. where will we go camping
【答案】B
11、The teacher will come back from the UK soon. I heard it.
I heard _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ from the UK soon.【答案】that the teacher would come back
【解析】考查宾语从关系词和时态。
从句为陈述语句，用that引导；主句为过去时，那么宾语从句用过去时的某种时态，根据语境用过去将来时。
12、Which one do you like best of the three? He asked me.
He asked me _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ of the three.
【答案】which one I liked best
【解析】考查宾语从时态和语序。
主句为过去时，那么宾语从句用过去时的某种时态，根据语境用过去时；语序用陈述语序。
课后拓展
1、Whatever happens, we Chinese never doubt _____ our China dream will come true someday.
A.If
B. that
C. which
D. whether
【答案】B
2、I think that half the class__________with you．
A.To agree
B. agree
C. agreeing
D. agrees
【答案】B
【解析】答案：B本句为宾语从句，从句的主语为half the class，class此处作同学讲，一半的同学作主语，谓语动词用复数，同时，根据宾语从句知识点，主句一般现在时，从句根据需要可使用任何时态，根据句意，描述的是现在的一种客观情况，使用一般现在时，故用agree，同意某人agree with sb．所以本题选B．
3、The police didn't catch him because they never doubted ________ the case．
A.if he has everything to do with
B.whether he had something to do with
C.that he had anything to do with
D.that he had nothing to do with
【答案】D
【解析】句意: 警察没有抓他, 因为他们从来没有怀疑他与这个案子无关．
根据The police didn't catch him because they never doubted, 可知本句考查了宾语从句的用法．在宾语从句中所使用的语序应该是陈述句语序．再根据The police didn't catch him, 可知这里表示的是警察没有抓他, 因为他们从来没有怀疑他与这个案子无关, doubt后面一般跟that引导的从句, 选项C, that he had anything to do with, 意思是跟…有瓜葛, 前后矛盾; that he had nothing to do with意思是与…毫无关系．故选D．
4、After visiting the science museum, the students don't doubt _________?
A.how far is Mars away from the sun
B.what is the transport like on Mars
C.of the distance from the sun to Mars
D.the life on Mars will be different from the life on the Earth
【答案】D
【解析】参观科学博物馆后, 学生们毫不怀疑火星上的生活将与地球的生活不同．
根据the students don't doubt …学生们毫不怀疑…可知the students don't doubt 后面是跟一个宾语从句, 宾语从句中应该用陈述语序, 即主语+谓语, 所以排除A, B, 选项C不是一个句子, 故选D．
5、句型转换
1. “These flowers are from Guangdong.” He said.
He said _________ these flowers _________ from Guangdong.
2. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don’t know.
I don’t know _________ the watch _________ made in Shanghai.
【答案】 1. that; were 2. whether; was
【解析】完成句子
1. 考查宾语从句关系词和时态。
首先从句为陈述一个事实，所以用that;又主句为过去时，所以从句也要用过去时的一种形式。
2. 考查宾语从句关系词和从句时态。
根据原句，改成的句子应该为“我不知道这块表是否是上海制造”，所以关系词用whether；又主语是一般现在时，从句随意穿越，被制造已经发生了，所以用过去时。
6、I really don’t know _________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
【答案】how soon
【解析】考查宾语从句关系词选择。
根据句意：我真的不知道这座桥多久会竣工。
how long 问“多长时间”，特指时间段，how soon则表示“多久之后”，故填how soon。
7、He wanted to know _________ she had stayed in hospital. (how long, how soon)
【答案】how long
【解析】考查宾语从句关系词选择。
根据句意：他想知道他在医院中待了多久。
how long
多久；how soon多久（以后），故填how long。
8、Do you know _________ they were doing this time yesterday? (how, what)
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句关系词选择。
根据句意：你知道昨天这个时候他们在做什么么？句子缺少“做”的内容，故填what。
9、Jack’s mother wondered ______.
A.how much the digital camera has cost
B.the digital camera had cost how much
C.how much the digital camera had cost
D.how much had the digital camera cost
【答案】C
10、Look! The light is still on in Mr. Green’s office. I’m afraid he _____ his work.
A.doesn’t finish
B. didn’t finish
C. hasn’t finished
D. won’t finish
【答案】C
11、– Can you tell me __________?
– He lives in Shanghai.
A.where Mark lives.
B. where does Mark live.
C. where Mark lived.
D. where did Mark live.
【答案】A。
