典型考题 Part II 英语四六级与考研重点

王菲写作“万能三八大盖”第一部分：八大功能段一、现象/问题描述功能句1.In recent years,…is becoming increasingly popular/prevalent at anamazing rate.近年来，…越来越流行。

（现象）2.Along with the development of society,more and more problems arebrought to our attention,one of the most serious problem is that…随着社会的发展，越来越多的问题已经得到关注，其中最严重的是…（问题）3.….,which has attracted extensive attention of the society,which can befound in TV programs,newspapers,university classes and many aspect of our everyday life.当今，…得到了大家的广泛关注，并可以在…被发现.二、分析原因功能句1.总原因的阐述（三选一）（1）A number of factors are accountable for this situation.（2）A number of factors might contribute to/account for the phenomenon/problem.（3）The answer to this problem involves many factors.许多原因导致这个问题、现象。

2.分析原因功能句（由原因数量决定）（1）One of the most common factor is that…（2）Another contributing cause is…（3）Perhaps the primary reason is that…（4）But the fundamental element is that…三、解决问题功能句（总-分-总）1．措施主题句——has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-daylife,which has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.…在日常生活中发挥着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了很多好处，同事也给我们带来了一些问题。

it2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案（第2套）来源：文都教育Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships.You should writeat least150words but no more than200words.【参考范文】When it comes to interpersonal relationships,it is important to show mutual understanding and respect.It is apparent that mutual understanding and respect are crucial.Hardly can any one achieve success in his career without this.When we are in the workplace,mutual understanding and respect also should be emphasized.For example,you may have a different perspective on how a task will proceed with your college,if you understand that it is natural that people could have different perspectives because of diverse upbringing and education,quarrels could be avoided and a solution might be found.Also,if you respect one another at work,automatically you will be able to earn respect in return.And one of the biggest benefits of respecting one another in workplace is that you begin to improve relationships and a friendly and productive working environment can be created.On the basis of the analysis above,we may draw a conclusion that mutual understanding and respect really count in this competitive society.Hence,we should learn to respect people around us.【参考范文译文】相互理解与尊重在人际关系中起着非常重要的作用。

四六级考研必备翻译真题四六级考研必备翻译真题随着中国经济的快速发展和国际交流的日益频繁，英语已经成为一门不可或缺的技能。

因此，四六级考试和研究生入学考试中的翻译部分对于学生来说变得越来越重要。

为了帮助考生更好地备考，本文将介绍一些四六级考研必备的翻译真题。

首先，我们来看一道四级考试的翻译题目：“人工智能的快速发展对于传统产业的影响”。

这道题目要求考生将给定的英文句子翻译成中文。

在翻译这道题目时，考生需要理解“人工智能”的含义以及其对“传统产业”的影响。

在翻译过程中，考生可以使用一些相关的词汇和短语，如“artificial intelligence”、“rapid development”、“traditional industries”等。

此外，考生还需要注意语法和句子结构的正确性，以确保翻译的准确性和流畅性。

接下来是一道六级考试的翻译题目：“大数据技术在商业领域的应用”。

这道题目要求考生将给定的英文句子翻译成中文。

在翻译这道题目时，考生需要理解“大数据技术”的含义以及其在“商业领域”的应用。

在翻译过程中，考生可以使用一些相关的词汇和短语，如“big data technology”、“application in the business field”等。

此外，考生还需要注意使用适当的连接词和过渡词，以确保翻译的连贯性和流畅性。

除了四六级考试的翻译题目，研究生入学考试中的翻译部分也是考生需要重点准备的内容。

研究生入学考试的翻译题目通常更加复杂和具有挑战性。

考生需要能够理解和翻译一些较为专业和学术的文本。

因此，考生在备考过程中需要增加对相关领域的专业词汇和术语的学习和掌握。

对于四六级考研必备的翻译真题，考生可以通过以下几种方式进行备考。

首先，考生可以通过阅读英文原文和相关的中文翻译来提高自己的翻译能力。

通过比较不同的翻译版本，考生可以学习到不同的翻译技巧和方法。

其次，考生可以通过参加模拟考试来检验自己的翻译水平。

考研英语和六级哪个难?PK结果现已公布!————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期:考研英语和六级哪个难？PK结果现已公布！每年参加考研的人有很多，但大家对英语那可真是又爱又恨，很多同学都很好奇,到底,考研英语和六级哪个难?其实英语六级的考试属于简单的英语水平测试部，只是通过这种方式证明你是一名合格的大学毕业生。

而考研是选拔性的考试,这就意味着有“优胜劣汰”的“规则”，就是要淘汰掉一部分而择优录取,所以考研英语比六级难。

考研英语比四六级难，但难在哪里？下面就带大家具体看看，深刻理解考研英语考什么，如何学习才能得高分，希望能帮到你们。

(一)从微观方面看：（1)词汇词汇量差不多，都在55００左右,重合度较高,但考研英语词汇大纲中没有标注中文释义,这个是与四六级非常大的不同,四六级主要考察生词的第一意义或常用意义，只要背了大纲词汇，基本没问题。

而考研英语在词汇上更重要的是考察熟词新义，有些中学词汇的新用法都能考的一塌糊涂;例如,ｐｒeｊｕdice这个词,在六级中可能只考“偏见”的词义,而考研会考“损害”这个词义。

tａp这个词六级考“水龙头、轻敲”之义,而考研则会考到“开发”的意思。

所以考研英语更要求我们从深度上去熟练掌握词汇。

（2）长难句考研英语难的第二个人原因就是长难句：考研英语的语言材料多为长难句,六级英语几乎没有长难句,都是较简单的句子，不用太仔细琢磨其意义。

简单的说，虽然你背了很多的单词,单词也都认识了，但是放在一起你就懵了,然而这也是考研出题人最喜欢的方法，所以，如果你决定要考研，你需要花费一定的时间去琢磨长难句。

（3)翻译考研英语的翻译要求我们对英语有精确到位的理解,考研英语中翻译题的句子多是长难句，语法结构复杂。

你需要对词语的意义准确理解，使文章完整、通顺、准确。

不想四六级阅读可以连蒙带猜做对，考研要求我们必须具备相应的双语水平,才能做到做好翻译。

考研英语与四六级的区别考试的题型不同。

考研的题型有完型、传统阅读、新题型、翻译、作文。

其中完型由280个单词构成，给出20个空，每空2.5分，共10分，这道题全国的均分是2.5-3.5分，此题考查同学们的词组搭配，语法和语感能力。

传统阅读由4篇文章构成，每篇文章400个单词，5个问题，每题2分，一共20个问题，共计40分。

新题型是国家取消研究生入学考试听力以后新加的题型，此题来源于博士研究生入学考试的题型。

翻译是平衡整张试卷难度的。

如果前面出的题难就会出2个长难句，3个简单句；如果前面的题简单，此题就会出3个长难句2个简单句。

建议大家把真题中的阅读认真翻译一遍，真题阅读是翻译的好的范本。

作文由一篇小作文和一篇大作文构成，其中小作文10分，要求写一篇100个单词的应用文，大作文20分，要求写一篇160-200个单词的议论文，万学海文有一个超级作文模版，此模版用哲学的观点把世间万物分为4类，此模版把一篇作文变成了一个填空题，只要大家把议论的事物填进去，便可得一个很好的分数。

单词考核的侧重点不同四、六级考试一般考单词的前一两个常用的意思，而考研英语考单词的最后两个意思。

2005年研究生入学考试英语作文题讲得是赡养老人的问题，赡养这个单词很多同学都不会写，其实很简单就用support，可能大家只知道support 有支持，提供的意思，但忘记了它还有赡养的意思。

语法考核的侧重点不同四、六级考试重点考核词法，如名词、动词、形容词、介词等等，而考研英语侧重考核语法，如宾语从句、状语从句、倒装句等等。

文章选材与命题思路不同六级考试的文章一般选自描写风土人情、人物传记的文章或小小说等，考研英语文章选自科技论文，外文期刊综述，外国产品说明书等。

四、六级考试的文章大家读懂了就可以做对，但是考研英语的文章大家读懂了，也不一定做对。

比如四、六会问是哪个教练带领中国足球冲向世界，但考研英语会问为什么黑哨在足球联比赛中屡禁不止。

英语四六级阅读练习（15）：性别与权力：为何女性自愿放弃高层职位？There are 5,400 women missing from Britain's most powerful jobs. They should be in parliament, in the cabinet, and running big companies and major public sector organisations. At the current rate of progress, it will be another 70 years before there is equal representation of women in parliament and on the boards of FTSE 100 companies. Gender equality makes periodic leaps forward and then slows to a glacial pace for a few decades; it sprints in some areas and remains stubbornly stuck in others.Now we are fast moving into a strange paradox in which the numbers of women overtake men in entering further education and many professions – women are set to make up a majority of doctors by 2017 – but men still overtake them to reach the top. It's a rum state of affairs when the most powerful are selected from an ever smaller section of the workforce, leaving to waste the huge investment in women's skills.paradox n. 悖论；似是而非的人或事overtake v. 赶上；压倒；超过be set to 被设为；已成定势Time for a reckoning. It's roughly my generation that is failing to break through into the top jobs. Women in their 40s and 50s who could now be running the country but aren't, according to the Equality and Human Rights Commission's report Sex and Power. Its analysis is that it's a case of discrimination –direct and indirect. Motherhood and domestic responsibilities still exact a steep penalty. I feel like I'm back on the school hockey pitch (I was useless) with my PE teacher urging me to make a bit more of an effort and get stuck in.break through 突破；突围；冲出get stuck in 陷入了；被困在……Well, before we creep off the pitch with a chronic sense of failure, it's cheering to remember what this generation has achieved. Twenty five years ago, part-time work in professional occupations was virtually unheard of. There was only one model of female career success, and it consciously aimed to emulate a driven, obsessive male version – it was the era of shoulder pads and cliches of ball-crunching women bosses.creep off 爬出来emulate v. 效法，尽力赶上；仿真Since then, the workplace has been revolutionised with a huge increase in the number of women working part-time. Working mothers are no longer a novelty, and fathering no longer part of a hidden private life. In most offices, slipping the Christmas nativity play or a teacher meeting into a busy day is routine. The importance of family life, and the necessity of flexibility for childcare have become part of office culture. Women bosses have escaped ludicrous stereotypes to become normal. That's quite an achievement – something I never dreamed would be possible when I had my first child and was back at the desk full-time within four months of herbirth. Now I look at colleagues routinely taking a year's maternity leave and returning part-time.maternity leave 产假But it's two steps forward, one step back. The labour market has segregated into one for mums and one for serious players. Mums look for cosy niches – jobs they can manage without too much strain on the family, for which they still take the bulk of responsibility. When men take on the primary-carer role and go part-time, it can play a crucial role in helping women to reach the top – but change here inches forward. The gender roles around caring and breadwinning have proved resistant to change.segregate v. 使隔离；使分离resistant adj. 抵抗的；顽固的Perhaps we should be less surprised –or frustrated –that this kind of social change can take time. We have been a transitional generation, trying to live up to our stay-at-home mothers' standards of availability and attention while also carving out careers. Equally, men have sought to emulate their fathers' career dedication while responding to new expectations of engaged parenting. It's hardly surprising the concept of "role strain" litters the research studies.live up to 不辜负；做到；实践carve out 创业；开拓seek(过去分词sought) to 追求；争取respond to 响应；对……反应It's not just the infamous "homemade" mince pies for the school fete (bought and bashed about with a rolling pin at midnight to look homemade) in Allison Pearson's novel I Don't Know How She Does It, but now new communication technologies require instantaneous multi-tasking –a child texting that they are locked out/been mugged/hungry as you sit in an important meeting. Or the reverse, at home and caught between the demands of a BlackBerry and a toddler. The complete separation of personal and professional life, a hallmark of 20th-century careers, has imploded, bequeathing us with a complex juggling act. Not only is it exhausting, but it can simply do your head in.instantaneous adj. 瞬间的；即时的bequeath v. 遗赠；把…遗赠给；把…传下去juggling act 变戏法似的把戏；同时做几件事又难以做好的局面Some men and women enjoy juggling and get very good at it, but it requires ferocious organisation, focus and energy. Lots don't have them, or don't even want them. I know many women my age who could be among those "missing" at the top; instead of becoming chief executives they've worked out a combination of family and work that leaves time for friends, hobbies, voluntary work and exercise. Its priorities map well on to the research literature on happiness; an aspect that perhaps doesn't get the acknowledgement it deserves.ferocious adj. 惊人的；极度的Ambition has proved hard to combine with the mundane requirements of secure nurturing. The cost is obvious; they don't get the power or conventional measures of professional success. It's not letting the sisterhood down but holding on to values ofrelationships and wellbeing. We're delighted to see others forging ahead and crashing through the prejudices, but we shiver at the price it might exact in our own lives.mundane adj. 世俗的；平凡的conventional adj. 常见的；符合世俗的；惯例的hold on to 坚持；紧握；克制forge ahead 继续进行；取得进展crash through 撞毁；推翻（16）：为什么缺少睡眠会使人变胖？Sleepless nights don’t just ruin your mood the next day—they could also damage your waistline. According to new research in the August issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, sleep deprivation can cause people to pack on extra pounds.sleep deprivation 睡眠不足pack on the pounds 长胖；变肥；增加体重Researchers at the New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center at St. Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital found that sleep-deprived people seem to burn the same number of calories as the well-rested, but they consume about 300 more calories a day. Given that it takes just 3,500 calories to add a pound to your body, those calories can quickly turn into extra weight.well-rested 休息充分的given that 只要是，考虑到；假定，已知turn into 转变为；变成But there are several other reasons that sleep loss could lead to weight gain, says sleep disorder specialist Michael Breus. When we get too little shut-eye, our metabolism slows down to conserve energy. That slowdown triggers the release of the hormone cortisol, which increases appetite. Your body thinks it needs more energy, so it asks for more food.metabolism n. 新陈代谢trigger v. 引发；引起appetite n. 食欲；胃口In a vicious cycle, sleep loss also causes our bodies to release more ghrelin, another hormone that signals hunger, and less leptin, the hormone that tells your stomach that it’s full. With your hormones off-kilter, your body wants more food and lacks the sensitivity to know when to stop eating. Not to mention that being awake more hours gives you more time to snack.vicious cycle 恶性循环not to mention 更不用说；更别提“The later you’re up at night, the greater the likelihood that you’re going to eat,‖ Breus says. And ―you’re more likely to eat high-fat, high-carb foods.‖likelihood n. 可能性；可能One other contributing factor to such weight gain is that the body burns the most calories during REM sleep, a deeply restful phase. And less sleep means less time in REM.For optimal health, experts say you should try to get 7.5 hours of sleep a night. If you have trouble sleeping, stick to a nightly routine, exercise during the day, banish worries to a journal, and keep pre-bedtime activities relaxing.optimal adj. 最佳的；最理想的stick to 坚持banish v. 放逐；驱逐（17）：保持大脑年轻化的七种方法1. Move ItQuick —what’s the No. 1 thing you can do for your brain’s health? Differential calculus, you say? Chess? Chaos theory? Nope, the best brain sharpener may be … sneakers? Yup. Once they’re on your feet, you can pump up your heart rate. ―The best advice I can give to keep your brain healthy and young is aerobic exercise,‖ says Donald Stuss, PhD, a neuropsychologist and director of the Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care in Toronto.differential calculus [数]微积分；微分学chaos theory 混沌理论pump up 给……打气；加速aerobic exercise 有氧运动Mark McDaniel, PhD, professor of psychology at Washington University in St. Louis, agrees, but adds, ―I would suggest a combined program of aerobics and weight training. Studies show the best outcomes for those engaged in both types of exercise.‖As we age, our brain cells, called neurons, lose the tree-branch-like connections between them. These connections, or synapses, are essential to thought. Quite literally, over time, our brains lose their heft. Perhaps the most striking brain research today is the strong evidence we now have that ―exercise may forestall some kinds of mental decline,‖ notes McDaniel. It may even restore memory. Myriad animal studies have shown that, among other brain benefits, aerobic exercise increases capillary development in the brain, meaning more blood supply, more nutrients and — a big requirement for brain health — more oxygen.forestall v. 垄断；预先阻止mental decline 智力下降The preeminent exercise and brain-health researcher in humans is Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. In a dozen studies over the past few years, with titles such as ―Aerobic Fitness Reduces Brain Tissue Loss in Aging Humans,‖ Kramer and his colleagues have proved two critical findings: Fit people have sharper brains, and people who are out of shape, but then get into shape, sharpen up their brains. This second finding is vital. There’s no question that working out makes you smarter, and it does so, Kramer notes, at all stages of life. Just as important, exercise staves off heart disease, obesity, diabetes and other maladies that increase the risk of brain problems as we age.preeminent adj. 卓越的a dozen 一打；十二个out of shape （身体）走形；变样sharpen up 使……更敏锐；认真思考stave off 避开；延缓2. Feed ItAnother path to a better brain is through your stomach. We’ve all heard about antioxidants as cancer fighters. Eating foods that contain these molecules, which neutralize harmful free radicals, may be especially good for your brain too. Free radicals have nothing to do with Berkeley politics and everything to do with breaking down the neurons in our brains. Many colorful fruits and vegetables are packed with antioxidants, as are some beans, whole grains, nuts and spices.neutralize v. 抵消；中和；使……中立have nothing to do with 与……无关be packed with 挤满；塞满；充满More important, though, is overall nutrition. In concert with a good workout routine, you should eat right to avoid the diseases that modern flesh is heir to. High blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and high cholesterol all make life tough on your brain, says Carol Greenwood, PhD, a geriatric research scientist at the University of Toronto.in concert with 和…相呼应；与…合作；和…一致flesh is heir to 人所难免[共有]的If your diet is heavy, then you’re probably a lso heavy. The same weight that burdens your legs on the stairs also burdens your brain for the witty reply or quick problem solving. The best things you can eat for your body, Greenwood notes, are also the best things you can eat for your brain. Your brain is in your body, after all. Greenwood’s recommendation is to follow the dietary guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (available at ).3. Speed It UpSorry to say, our brains naturally start slowing down at the cruelly young age of 30 (yes, 30). It used to be thought that this couldn’t be helped, but a barrage of new studies show that people of any age can train their brains to be faster and, in effect, younger. ―Your brain is a learning machine,‖ says Michael Merzenich, PhD, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco. Given the right tools, we can train our brains to act like they did when we were younger. All that’s required is dedicated practice: exercises for the mind.a barrage of 大量的in effect 实际上Merzenich has developed a computer-based training regimen to speed up how the brain processes information (). Since much of the data we receive comes through speech, the Brain Fitness Program works with language and hearing to improve both speed and accuracy. Over the course of your training, the program starts asking you to distinguish sounds (between ―dog‖ and ―bog,‖ for instance) at an increasingly faster rate. It’s a bit like a tennis instructor, says Merzenich, shooti ng balls at you faster and faster over the course of the summer to keep you challenged. Though you may have started out slow, by Labor Day you’re pretty nimble.nimble adj. 敏捷的；聪明的Similarly, Nintendo was inspired by the research of a Japanese doctor to develop a handheld game called Brain Age: Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day, which has sold more than two million copies in Japan. No software out there has yet been approved by the FDA as a treatment for cognitive impairment, but an increasing number of reputable scientific studies suggest that programs like Merzenich’s could help slow down typical brain aging, or even treat dementia. The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly adaptable, or ―plastic,‖ as neurologists put it. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn. And it may speed up in the process.Nintendo 任天堂（日本电子游戏公司及其开发的电脑游戏名称）FDA （美）食品及药物管理局（Food and Drug Administration）cognitive impairment 认知障碍；认知损害brain aging 脑老化To keep your brain young and supple, you can purchase software like Merzenich’s, or you can do one of a million new activities that chal lenge and excite you: playing Ping-Pong or contract bridge, doing jigsaw puzzles, learning a new language or the tango, taking accordion lessons, building a kit airplane, mastering bonsai technique, discovering the subtleties of beer-brewing and, sure, relearning differential calculus.supple adj. 灵活的；柔软的jigsaw puzzles 拼图游戏；拼图玩具“Anything that closely engages your focus and is strongly rewarding,‖ says Merzenich, will kick your brain into learning mode and necessarily notch it up. For his part, Merzenich, 64, has ―4,000 hobbies,‖ including a wood shop and a vineyard.notch up 完成4. Stay CalmSo you may be saying to yourself, I have to sign up right now for Swahili and calculus and accordion lessons before my brain withers away! Stop! Breathe. Relax. Good.wither away 枯萎；幻灭While challenging your brain is very important, remaining calm is equally so. In a paper on the brain and stress, Jeansok Kim of the University of Washington asserts, in no uncertain terms, that traumatic stress is bad for your brain cells. Stress can ―disturb cognitive processe s such as learning and memory, and consequently limit the quality of human life,‖ writes Kim.in no uncertain terms 明确地One example is a part of the brain called the hippocampus, which is a primary locus of memory formation, but which can be seriously debilitated by chronic stress. Of course, physical exercise is always a great destressor, as are calmer activities like yoga and meditation. And when you line up your mental calisthenics (your Swahili and swing lessons), make sure you can stay loose and have fun.5. Give It a RestPerhaps the most extreme example of the mental power of staying calm is thecreative benefit of sleep. Next time you’re working on a complex problem, whether it be a calculus proof or choosing the right car for your family, it really pays to ―sleep on it.‖Researchers at Harvard Medical School have looked at the conditions under which people come up with creative solutions. In a study involving math problems, they found that a good night’s rest doubled participants’ chances of finding a creative solution to the problems the next day. The sleeping brain, they theorize, is vastly capable of synthesizing complex information.6. Laugh a LittleHumor stimulates the parts of our brain that use the ―feel good‖ chemical messenger dopamine. That puts laughter in the category of activities you want to do over and over again, such as eating chocolate or having sex. Laughter is pleasurable, perhaps even ―addictive,‖ to the brain.But can humor make us smarter? The jury is still out and more studies are needed, but the initial results are encouraging. Look for a feature on exciting new research about humor and in telligence in the September issue of Reader’s Digest.7. Get Better With AgeIn our youth-obsessed culture, no one’s suggesting a revision to the Constitution allowing 20-year-olds to run for President. The age requirement remains at 35. You’ve heard about the wisdom and judgment of older people? Scientists are starting to understand how wisdom works on a neurological level.run for 竞选When you are older, explains Merzenich, ―you have recorded in your brain millions and millions of little social scenarios and facts‖ that you can call upon at any time. Furthermore, he notes, ―you are a much better synthesizer and integrator of that information.‖Older people are better at solving problems, because they have more mental information to draw upon than younger p eople do. That’s why those in their 50s and 60s are sage. They’re the ones we turn to for the best advice, the ones we want to run our companies and our country.As Barry Gordon, a neurologist at The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and author of Intelligent Memory: Improve the Memory That Makes You Smarter, puts it, ―It’s nice to know some things get better with age.‖（18）：美国孩子担心未来工资You might think teens have it easy. But they worry about a lot: bullying, getting into college, fitting in, finding a date. Now add earning enough money to the list.have it easy 过得舒服；处境很好；放松fit in 融入；适应Just 56% of teens aged 14-18 believe they will be as well off financially as their parents, according to a Junior Achievement and Allstate Foundation survey. So much for th e optimism of youth. That’s down from 89% in the same survey one year earlier. In another major shift, the survey found that teens are pushing back the age at whichthey expect to be financially independent; more now say they will be at least 25 years old before they are on their own, compared to 20 in the earlier sample.well off 手头宽裕；富裕的；处境好的push back 把……向后推；推迟What gives? According to USA Today, there is a cumulative effect after so many years of recession and slow growth. Teens have seen family and friends lose jobs and homes; they can’t help but feel vulnerable. The paper rep orts:“Many kids were shielded by parents during the downturn, says Rob Callender, director of insights at youth research firm TRU. Moms and dads would do without to avoid taking things away from the kids. As finances dwindled, though, those parents have b een forced to level with the kids about their economic reality.‖what gives? 怎么回事？cumulative effect 累积效应vulnerable adj. 易受伤害的；脆弱的shield v. 保护；庇护downturn 经济衰退；低迷时期level with 对……说实话Teens have also had trouble finding summer jobs, though prospects are better this year. And teens report getting fewer money lessons in school. According to the JA poll, just 24% say teachers instruct them about how to manage money, down from 58% a year earlier. This jibes with a report from the Council for Economic Education, which found that fewer states are requiring schools to test in the area of economics and to offer a personal finance course.jibe with 与……一致Teens may also be suffering from what many adults acknowledge: parents are horrible role models when it comes to things like saving and budgets. Only half of parents regularly set aside money to save; only 43% set financial goals; and only 24% take specific steps to diversify their investments, according to a T. Rowe Price Parents, Kids and Money survey.suffer from 忍受，遭受；受……之苦set aside 留出；把……置于一边In the JA survey, teens reported a significant drop in parents saving as a result of the recession—21% this year vs. 59% last year. As you might expect, teens are modeling that behavior. Just 56% plan to save some of their income, down from 89% a year ago, according to JA. It’s not just a plan; it’s happening, according to the Pew Research Center, which found that young adults are getting a slower start saving for retirement.It should come as no surprise then that fewer teens are practicing sound money management skills. JA found a three-fold increase in teens that report not budgeting. This largely confirms a separate survey by Schwab, which found a sharp fall off in teen money management ability. According to that survey, just a quarter of 18-year-olds know how to manage a credit card—down from two-thirds. Less than half know how to check the accuracy of a bank statement—down from 60%.This all represents a huge setback in the push for a more financially literatepopulation, which many see as our best hope for staving off another financial crisis. In this environment, debilitating teen money myths are sure to persist.setback n. 挫折；退步stave off 避开；延缓（19）：灰尘背后的那些事儿It's hard to get too worked up about dust. Yes, it's a nuisance, but it's hardly one that causes us much anxiety —and our language itself suggests as much. We call those clumps of the stuff under the bed dust bunnies after all, not, say, dust vermin.to get worked up 为某件事生气；不开心clumps of 一团一团的dust bunny 积尘；灰兔子（关于灰尘的比较萌的说法）But there's a higher ick factor to dust than you might think. And there's a science to how it gets around — a science that David Layton and Paloma Beamer, professors of environmental policy at the University of Arizona, are exploring.get around 传播；散播Layton and Beamer, whose latest study has been accepted for fall publication in the journal Environmental Science & Technology, knew a lot about their subject even before they set to work. Historically, everyone from chemists to homemakers has tried to figure out just what dust is made of, and the Arizona researchers drew their preliminary data mostly from two studies of household dust conducted in the Netherlands and the U.S. The American survey in particular was a big one, covering six Midwestern states. Layton and Beamer also included a localized study in Sacramento, Calif., that focused particularly on lead contamination. What all those surveys showed was decidedly unappetizing.figure out 理解；解决；计算The specific dust mix in any household differs according to climate, age of the house and the number of people who live in it —not to mention the occupants' cooking, cleaning and smoking habits. But nearly everywhere, dust consists of some combination of shed bits of human skin, animal fur, decomposing insects, food debris, lint and organic fibers from clothes, bedding and other fabrics, tracked-in soil, soot, particulate matter from smoking and cooking, and, disturbingly, lead, arsenic and even DDT."There are more [components]," Beamer says. "Dust is a hodgepodge of all sorts of things. It would probably be impossible to make a list of all the possible items."But dust's ingredient label is not the whole story, since all of those flecks and bits behave differently and present different levels of health risk. To investigate those factors more closely, Layton and Beamer developed a computer algorithm that looked at the size, source and toxicity of dust particles as well as how easily they enter the house, if they ever exit and, if so, by what route. That information, by extension, can provide at least a rough sense of the dust load in your own home.As a general rule, the majority of household dust — about 60% — comes from outside, through windows, doors, vents and, significantly, on the soles of your shoes.Smaller dust particles —from 28 to 49 microns, or thousandths of a millimeter —tend to stay on your shoes. The rest is shaken off inside. A higher share of the dust that floats in the air gets deposited, but again, there's a lot that determines how much any one home will get."Here in Arizona," says Beamer, "where we leave our windows open most of the year and have an arid climate, we would probably have a higher ratio." Industrial centers or sooty cities have plenty of dust too, though for different reasons.arid adj. 干旱的；不毛的ratio n. 比例There's not much to fret about in simple particles of dirt or organic materials such as pollen (though they can trigger allergies), but lead, arsenic and DDT can be a more serious matter. About one-third of the arsenic in the atmosphere comes from natural sources —volcanoes principally. The rest comes from mining, smelting, burning fossil fuels and other industrial processes. Even in relatively low concentrations, arsenic is not without risk, especially to small children who play on the floor and routinely transfer things from their hands to their mouths. The same is true for lead, which comes less from wall paint —the source most people would expect — than from auto exhaust, smelting and soil deposits. "Lead loading on floors is a key determinant of blood-lead levels in children," Layton and Beamer wrote in their paper.fret about 因……焦急；为……烦恼particle n. 颗粒；微粒pollen n. 花粉low concentration 低浓度determinant adj. 决定性的n. 决定因素The fact that DDT is still in house dust is a surprise to most people, since the pesticide was banned in the U.S. in 1972. But a house is a little like a living organism: once it absorbs a contaminant, it may never purge it completely. "Dust in our homes," says Beamer, "especially deep dust in our carpets and furniture, is a conglomerate of substances over the life of the home and can provide a historical record of chemicals that have entered it."contaminant n. 污染物；致污物purge v. 净化；清除The mess that originates within the home is a lot easier to measure and control. The more people who live there, the more skin that's going to be shed, the more pets, the more animal fur. And, as Mom always warned, the more you walk around the house while eating, the more food debris you'll drop on the floor —which also attracts more insects that will die, decompose and add their own special zest to your dust. Cooking smoke and tobacco smoke, which are the most obvious contributors when they're being produced, actually make only a small contribution to what winds up on floors and surfaces. The tiny size of the particles makes them likelier to rise and adhere to other surfaces or simply remain in the air than to settle.shed v. 散发；流出wind up 卷起；扬起It goes without saying that your home will never be dust-free, but there are ways to reduce your own dust loading — and it's important that you try. Dust mites, which feed on shed skin, produce allergens that are known triggers for people suffering from asthma. Same goes for cockroach dust, especially in cities. No one needs much convincing about the wisdom of getting rid of arsenic, and the good news is that about 80% of it can be removed simply by cleaning floor dust regularly.it goes without saying 不言而喻；不消说allergen 过敏原；反应原None of this means that dust poses a clear and present danger or that you need to take any extraordinary measures. Just clean regularly, don't smoke, eat at the table —and try not to freak out. Dust bunnies are still only bunnies; you may just want fewer of them.freak out 吓坏了；崩溃（20）：研究显示快乐的人比一般人长寿35%Be happy. Live longer.No, it's not that simple, but new research says happy lives are longer — by 35%.The study, published today in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that those who reported feeling happiest had a 35% reduced risk of dying compared with those who reported feeling least happy.Rather than rely on recollections about their feelings of happiness as in earlier studies, this British study of 3,853 participants ages 52-79 rated their feelings at different times on one particular day. Five years later, researchers recorded the number who died and controlled for a variety of factors, including age, gender, health, wealth, education and marital status.rely on 依靠；依赖This approach "gets closer to measuring how people actually feel" rather than relying on recollections or general questions about well-being, says epidemiologist Andrew Steptoe, a psychology professor at University College in London, who co-authored the study.epidemiologist n. 流行病学家How happy a person is at any point in time, he says, is a product of "some background disposition; some people tend to be happier than others," but also "what they are doing, who they are with, and other features of that point in time. Both are important.""It's perfectly true that someone's happiness over a single day will be affected by what happens to them over that period," Steptoe says. "However, survey experts and psychologists have come to the view that in many ways, this is a better approach to understanding how people actually feel than asking them general questions about how happy they are. Responses to general questions are influenced strongly by personality, by what people think they 'ought' to say and by recollections that might not be quite accurate," Steptoe says.What's not clear, he says, is whether happy feelings are the key to longevity or if。

2017考研必读：考研英语和四六级在测试内容和总体特点上的区别分析下个周，英语四六级考试又要开始了，对于考研的同学，如何平衡英语四六级考试和考研英语复习呢？虽然这两者从形式到内容都有着巨大不同，但是归根究底都是英语相关，相信加深对两者的认识，有助于平衡两者的复习。

下面我们一起和大家来剖析考研英语的测试特点和规律及与英语四、六级的七大区别。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试是为高等学校和科研机构招收硕士研究生而设置的。

作为一项大规模的选拔性考试，考研英语的试题鲜明地体现了自身的特色与宗旨。

一、测试内容的总体特点1.注重语言意义，而非语言形式近几年的考研英语试题都有特定的语境和情景，体现了对语言意义的领悟与判断。

试卷里几乎没有死记硬背、单纯使用语言形式来选择选项的试题，而是更注重对考生语言意义理解能力的考查。

2.测试的基本点定位在语篇上近几年的试卷测重对语篇能力的检测，对语言知识、语言技能的考核都是通过语境和语篇来完成的。

尤其是在完形填空和阅读理解两个题型，题材广泛而新颖，涉及人文、社会、科普、经济、文化教育和生物自然等方面，深层次理解题的比例在逐年加大。

这些题的答案，考生若不经过上下文的逻辑推理、揣测作者的意图、挖掘深层含义，是完成不好的。

另外，考题中语篇加长，对学生的阅读速度也提出更高的要求.需要猜测的词语约占语篇数的3%，若考生的知识面狭窄，理解的难度就会更大。

3.注重基础知识的测试，加强了对学生语言运用能力的考核在近几年的考研英语试题中不在设置单纯考查词汇、语法的项目，这是否意味着考研试题忽略了对基础知识的测试?在2002年至2014年的考研大纲中，都明确要求考生具备“在交际中更准确、自如地运用语法知识”这一语言能力。

由此可见，考研英语绝不是不注重基础知识的测试，而是考核形式改变了，考查要求更高了。

考研英语对基础知识的测试贯穿在整个英语考卷中。

完型填空题会直接考查语法知识;阅读理解题和英译汉中有大量的长难句，这些句子只有具备一定的语法知识才能正确分析;作文中要写出正确无误的句子，也需要语法知识做积淀。

考研英语和英语四六级有什么区别英语六级和考研
英语哪个难
有不少同学都有着考研英语难度比英语四六级高的这种认知，可是其实呢，这两者并不能同一而论，两种英语考试的不同点很多，并不能仅仅以难度来进行表面区分。

下面小编跟大家说说考研英语和英语四六级有什幺区别，英语六级和考研英语哪个难，希望对你有帮助。

 考研英语和英语四六级有什幺区别--二者定义并不同 英语四六级考试是教育部主管的一项全国性的英语考试，其目的是对大学生的实际英语能力进行客观、准确的测量，为大学英语教学提供测评服务。

在考试内容和形式上，四、六级考试将加大听力理解部分的题量和比例，增加快速阅读理解测试，增加非选择性试题的比例。

小编推荐：2018年考研英语后期复习规划建议而硕士研究生教育按照培养目标的不同，分为学术型研究生和专业学位研究生。

学术型研究生的培养目标是高层次学术研究型专门人才，专业学位研究生的培养目标是具有扎实理论基础，并适应特定行业或职业实际工作需要的应用型高层次专门人才。

具有较强的解决实际问题的能力，能够承担专业技术或管理工作，具有良好的职业素养的高层次应用型专门人才。

 考研英语和英语四六级有什幺区别--题型不同 英语四六级题型包括听力、阅读、翻译、写作，其中的语言材料长难句虽然还是很多，但是努力练习就没问题;考研英语的题型包括完形填空、阅读、新题型、翻译和写作，语言材料多为长难句，会较为复杂，但是跟英语四六级相比，它最大的好处就是没有听力的考查，这对于习惯应试教育的同学们而言无疑是一个好消息。

当然，考研中还增加了一个新题型，更注重考查考生的思维逻辑能力。

【高中英语】考研英语与四六级的区别准备考研的同学大部分都考过英语四、六级，那么是英语六级难还是考研英语难，有些同学英语六级考了560分，但考研只得了50分，有些同学本科是英语专业过了专业八级，但考研也只得56分，究其原因，是因为英语四、六级与考研英语是完全不同的两个体系的考试。

四、六级是资格考试，只要能达到了一定的水平就能得高分。

而考研英语是筛选性的考试，每年国家招的人数是有限制的，因此国家会利用英语这门考试筛选一部分人。

考研英语与六级考试有四点不同。

【一】考题不同。

考研的题型有完型、传统阅读、新题型、翻译、作文。

其中完型由280个单词构成，给出20个空，每空2.5分，共10分，这道题全国的均分是2.5-3.5分，此题考查同学们的词组搭配，语法和语感能力。

传统阅读由4篇文章构成，每篇文章400个单词，5个问题，每题2分，一共20个问题，共计40分。

新题型是国家取消研究生入学考试听力以后新加的题型，此题来源于博士研究生入学考试的题型。

翻译是平衡整张试卷难度的。

如果前面出的题难就会出2个长难句，3个简单句；如果前面的题简单，此题就会出3个长难句2个简单句。

建议大家把真题中的阅读认真翻译一遍，真题阅读是翻译的好的范本。

作文由一篇小作文和一篇大作文构成，其中小作文10分，要求写一篇100个单词的应用文，大作文20分，要求写一篇160-200个单词的议论文，万学海文有一个超级作文模版，此模版用哲学的观点把世间万物分为4类，此模版把一篇作文变成了一个填空题，只要大家把议论的事物填进去，便可得一个很好的分数。

【二】单词评估的重点是不同的四、六级考试一般考单词的前一两个常用的意思，而考研英语考单词的最后两个意思。

2021年研究生入学考试英语作文题讲得是赡养老人的问题，赡养这个单词很多同学都不会写，其实很简单就用support，可能大家只知道support有支持，提供的意思，但忘记了它还有赡养的意思。

【三】语法考试的重点是不同的四、六级考试重点考核词法，如名词、动词、形容词、介词等等，而考研英语侧重考核语法，如宾语从句、状语从句、倒装句等等。