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英美概况知识点总结归纳英美概况是指英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济、教育等各方面的概况。
这两个国家在世界上具有重要的地位，对世界文化和政治产生了深远的影响。
下面将对英美概况的各个方面进行总结归纳。
一、文化概况1. 英国文化英国是一个拥有悠久历史的国家，其文化底蕴深厚。
英国文学自古至今在世界范围内具有重要地位，莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯丁等众多文学家的作品至今仍然备受人们喜爱。
英国音乐、戏剧、电影等领域也有着丰富的传统。
2. 美国文化美国是一个移民国家，因此其文化融合了来自世界各地的元素，呈现出多元化和包容性。
美国文学、音乐、电影等在世界上具有很大影响力，如杰克·伦敦、海明威、福克纳等作家的作品、爵士乐、摇滚乐、好莱坞电影等都深受人们喜爱。
3. 英美文化交流英美两国之间的文化交流十分频繁，互相影响。
英国音乐、戏剧、文学等在美国具有很大影响力，而美国的流行音乐、电影、文化现象也在英国广受欢迎。
二、历史概况1. 英国历史英国历史可以追溯到古代，罗马、盎格鲁-撒克逊、诺曼底人等不同民族和文化在英国留下了深远的影响。
英国从16世纪开始成为世界上的帝国大国，殖民了大量领土。
20世纪初，英国逐渐衰落，但仍然在政治、文化方面占有重要地位。
2. 美国历史美国历史相对年轻，但是却是一个充满传奇色彩的国家。
美国独立战争后成为独立国家，并在19世纪成为世界上最强大的国家之一。
20世纪，美国在两次世界大战后成为世界超级大国，对世界政治、经济产生了深远影响。
3. 英美历史关系英国曾是美国的殖民地，双方有着深厚的历史渊源。
美国革命后，两国保持了密切的关系，经济、文化、政治等方面有着广泛的交流合作。
三、政治概况1. 英国政治英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是君主，首相是政府首脑。
英国的政治体系成熟稳定，经过数百年的发展，形成了一套完善的议会制度和法律体系。
2. 美国政治美国是一个总统制国家，总统是国家元首和政府首脑。
英美文化知识点总结图英美文化是指英国和美国两国的文化，由于历史和地理因素的影响，英美文化在很多方面有着共同的特点，但也有一些不同之处。
本文将从语言、食物、节日、音乐、体育和社会礼仪等方面对英美文化进行总结。
一、语言1. 英语英语是英美两国的官方语言，它们有着共同的语法和词汇，但在语音和部分词汇上有一些差别。
在英国，英语分为英格兰英语、苏格兰英语、威尔士英语和北爱尔兰英语等方言；而美国的英语则有着更多的地域性差异，比如东部和西部的口音、南部和北部的词汇用法等。
2. 俚语英美两国都有着丰富的俚语和口头禅，比如英国人说的“bloke”（家伙），美国人说的“cool”（酷），这些词汇的使用方式和含义在不同地区也会有一些不同。
3. 礼貌用语在英美两国，称呼方式和礼貌用语也有一些不同。
比如在英国，“sir”和“madam”被用于商务场合或对陌生人的称呼，而在美国，“sir”和“ma'am”更多地被用于尊敬长者。
二、食物1. 早餐英国人习惯吃牛奶、麦片、烤面包和熏肉等食物作为早餐，而美国人更喜欢在早餐时吃鸡蛋、培根、土豆和煎饼等。
2. 午餐英国人通常吃三明治、鱼和薯条、谢菲尔德派、烤土豆等作为午餐，而美国人更喜欢吃汉堡包、比萨、墨西哥卷饼和烤肉。
3. 晚餐在英国，晚餐通常由三道菜组成，包括开胃菜、主菜和甜点；而在美国，晚餐则更注重肉类和蔬菜的搭配，通常会有更多的甜点选择。
4. 茶文化英国人有着悠久的茶文化，他们通常会在下午喝茶，并且会搭配一些小点心；而美国人更喜欢喝咖啡，下午茶更多的是一种社交活动。
1. 圣诞节在英国和美国，圣诞节都是重要的节日，人们会装饰圣诞树、交换礼物、吃圣诞大餐等，但两国在庆祝方式上有些差别。
比如在英国，圣诞布置通常更加传统和典雅，而在美国，圣诞的装饰则更加繁华和华丽。
2. 独立日独立日是美国的国庆节，人们会进行烟花表演、游行、野餐和烧烤等庆祝活动。
而在英国，没有类似的国庆节，但人们会在特定的日期举行各种民俗活动和庆祝仪式。
美国UNIT 3 1。
What is an American? He is either a European, or the descendant of a European，hence that strange mixture of blood，which you will find in no other country。
He is an American，who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced，the new government he obeys，and the new rank he holds. .。
Here individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men，whose labors and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world。
.。
The American is a new man，who acts new principles；he must therefore entertain new ideas，and form new opinions。
4 。
In what way did Puritanism influence American culture？A. Today, Puritans are no longer in existence. But their legacies are still felt in American society and culture。
For example，the Puritans hoped to build ”a city upon hill” an ideal community. Since that time, Americans have viewed their country as a great experiment，a worthy model for other nations. This sense of mission has been very strong in the minds of many Americans。
英美文化差异的解析和理解英国和美国是两个非常不同的文化体系，尽管它们使用相同的语言，但是在各种方面都有很大的差异。
在这篇文章中，我将探讨英美文化的差异，并尝试解释其中的原因，以帮助更好地理解这两种文化。
一、交往和社交在英美文化中，交流和社交的方式非常不同。
在英国，人们更加注重礼貌和传统的社交习惯，通常会使用更正式的语言和礼仪进行交流。
例如，英国人习惯使用谈话来交流，这类似于见面时打招呼和探讨各种话题，而美国人更喜欢更直接、更开放的交流方式。
此外，英国人喜欢使用间接的方式来表达自己的意见，而美国人更直接地表达想法。
这种差异的原因可以追溯到历史和文化的背景。
英国社会长期以来都是一个传统的等级制社会，在这种社会中，人们必须熟悉正确的礼节和规矩，以获得社交的成功。
而美国社会则更注重独立和自由，因此发展出了更加个性化和直接的文化。
二、饮食饮食是反映文化的一部分。
在英美文化中，饮食也存在很大的差异。
英国人喜欢喝茶、啤酒、红酒和威士忌，而美国人则喜欢饮用咖啡、可乐、啤酒和葡萄酒。
在食品方面，英国人喜欢烤羊肉、炖牛肉、鱼和薯条等传统菜肴，而美国人则更加偏爱汉堡包、烤肉、墨西哥风味和亚洲风味的菜肴。
这种差异的原因也与历史和文化有关。
在英国，社会中类似于乡村生活的传统非常强烈，这与英国农业历史有关。
英国人的饮食和文化更加传统和富有历史感。
而美国是一个大型移民国家，这导致了美国文化的多样性和变化，因此其饮食和文化也更加多样化。
三、教育教育也是英美文化的重要组成部分。
在英国教育系统中，学生通常会接受更传统和理论化的教育，教师对知识的纯粹性和理论性更加看重。
而在美国，教育则更加注重实践和应用技能。
美国的课程安排通常更加灵活，鼓励学生进行独立思考和创造性思考。
两个国家教育差异的原因与其文化和历史有关。
在英国，传统的上流社会通常会强调传统的教育方法，而美国则更注重个体自由和发展，鼓励学生发挥自己的创造性和才华。
因此，这两种教育体系反映了不同文化之间的信仰和价值观的差异。
英语国家社会与文化课件英国课件对于英国社会和文化的介绍，我们可以从以下几个方面进行展开：1. 地理位置英国位于欧洲大陆西北部，海岸线长约12,429公里，主要由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国拥有丰富的自然资源和文化遗产，如大本钟、伦敦塔桥、巨石阵等。
2. 政治体制英国是一个君主立宪制国家，女王是国家元首，但实权属于议会。
议会分为上议院和下议院，其中上议院由贵族组成，下议院由选举产生。
英国政治体制稳定，政府机构完备。
3. 民族文化英国是多元文化的国家，有英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个主要民族。
不同的民族有着不同的语言、文化和传统习俗，如苏格兰人的高地舞、爱尔兰的圣帕特里克节等。
同时，英国也是著名的文化名国，有世界著名的莎士比亚、狄更斯等文学大师，以及古堡、博物馆和美术馆等丰富的文化资源。
4. 社会制度英国社会制度较为稳定，有完备的社会保障制度和医疗保健体系。
英国的教育制度也很完善，有优秀的大学和高等教育机构，如牛津大学、剑桥大学等。
5. 风俗习惯英国人对礼仪和规矩比较重视，在社交之中要注意面对对方微笑，并且敬酒等表达敬意的形式也十分重要。
在用餐时不吹食物、不说话，也要注意使用适当的餐具和方式。
英国的饮食文化也十分丰富，如英式早餐、茶文化等。
6. 体育文化英国人热爱体育，切尔西和曼联是足球俱乐部中较为著名的两支。
此外，英国还有板球、橄榄球、拳击等传统运动项目，在奥运会中也有不俗表现。
7. 经济发展英国是世界上最发达的经济体之一，金融、服务业和制造业是其主要产业。
伦敦是欧洲最重要的金融中心之一，也是世界上最多公司总部的城市之一。
总之，英国是一个历史悠久、文化繁荣、发达稳定的国家，其奇特的文化和历史令人向往。
美国风俗文化从重视阶级地位的国家来到美国的游客，或许觉得美国并不特别尊敬显要人物。
美国人向人鞠躬致敬，不会因对方的身份地位不同而特别殷勤，会多鞠几个躬。
不论在家或搭乘汽车，美国人通常不会要求贵宾坐上特定的座位。
礼让的情形很少，你所能见到的礼让情形，可能是请吃饭的时候，让贵宾坐在主人或女主人的右面。
在某些国家里，汽车后座是上座。
但在美国，私用汽车里驾驶座旁边的位子才是上座，一半是因为司机往往就是主人自己，另一半是因为坐上前面那个座位，可以清晰地看到车外的景象。
体语你知道吗？两个人谈话，彼此所站的距离，随文化不同而异。
在一些国家里，人们交谈时可能站得很近，谈话下去，两张面孔常常越来越贴近。
根据研究所得，美国人谈话如果跟他人站得太近，就觉得不舒服；他们最合意的距离是五十公分左右。
另有一些国家的人，还喜欢站得比五十公分更远一点交谈。
你会注意到美国人的另一个社交习惯，就是他们跟其他许多民族一样，说话时往往做手势。
他们谈天之际，可能拍拍对方的肩膀，以示友好，或者轻拍小孩的脑袋，以示亲爱。
依照其他国家某些民族风俗来说，这种表达法可能不受欢迎，尤其是用左手来表达。
许多美国人都用惯左手；在美国左右手没轻重之分，不论用左用右，都没有什么不敬。
不过，在这一类的小事上，如果对方在社交场合中用双手的用法令你不快的话，你只须略加犹豫，你的美国朋友往往就明白你的意思了。
静居独处美国人无静居独处之念，往往是游客难以了解的。
美国人不是围墙高筑、重门深锁的国民。
他们的院子通常连在一起，连篱笆亦付阙如。
他们通常不经邀请，也不先通个电话，就互相过访；他们在办公室工作，总是大门敞开。
他们无静居独处的念头，也许是本国历史发展的结果。
美国是个幅员广阔的国家。
美国从无筑墙之城，美国人也用不着防犯邻邦。
美国在初期居民极少，所以邻居非常重要，不能把他们摒诸门墙之外。
邻居在艰苦创业时会提供保护和帮忙，他们彼此守望相助。
从美国早期历史发展出来的这种不愿独处，只求坦然相对的愿望，游客可以从许多小的地方观察到：美国家庭可能有几间无门的房间或只有玻璃墙。
英美文化差异中的习俗与礼仪在全球化的今天，英美文化的影响力越来越大。
英美两国的文化差异不仅体现在语言、饮食、音乐等方面，还表现在习俗与礼仪上。
本文将从饮食习俗、社交礼仪和节日庆典等方面，探讨英美文化差异中的习俗与礼仪。
一、饮食习俗在英美两国，饮食习俗有着明显的差异。
英国人以茶为饮食文化的核心，下午茶是英国人的传统习俗之一。
英国人喜欢在下午3点左右享用一杯香浓的红茶，搭配各式点心，如小蛋糕、三明治等。
而美国人则更喜欢咖啡，咖啡馆在美国非常普遍，人们常常在咖啡馆里聚会、工作或休闲。
此外，英美两国在用餐礼仪上也有一些差异。
在英国，用餐时要注意使用刀、叉、勺等餐具，吃菜时要用刀叉一起使用，而不是只用叉子。
而美国人则更倾向于使用刀叉和手一起用餐，尤其是在吃披萨、汉堡等快餐食品时，使用手是被接受的。
二、社交礼仪在社交方面，英美两国的礼仪也存在差异。
在英国，人们讲究礼貌和谦逊。
当你在英国与他人交谈时，要注意保持适度的距离，不要过于亲密。
英国人喜欢使用“请”、“谢谢”等礼貌用语，以示尊重。
而在美国，人们更加注重个人空间，交谈时可以站得更近一些，但也要注意尊重对方的个人隐私。
此外，英美两国在问候方式上也有所不同。
在英国，人们通常使用握手作为问候的方式，但不会过于热情。
而在美国，人们更倾向于使用拥抱和亲吻来问候亲密的朋友和家人。
三、节日庆典英美两国的节日庆典也有着自己独特的习俗与礼仪。
在英国，圣诞节是最重要的节日之一。
英国人喜欢在圣诞节期间互赠礼物，家人和朋友会聚在一起共进晚餐，并且会有特别的圣诞布丁和圣诞蛋糕。
而在美国，感恩节是最重要的节日之一。
人们会在感恩节这一天与家人团聚，共进丰盛的晚餐，主菜通常是火鸡。
此外，英美两国的婚礼习俗也有所不同。
在英国，婚礼通常在教堂举行，新娘会穿着华丽的白色婚纱，新郎会穿着正式的西装。
而在美国，婚礼可以在教堂、花园、海滩等地举行，新人可以根据自己的喜好选择婚礼的形式和场地。
总结英美文化差异中的习俗与礼仪体现了两国人民的不同生活方式和价值观。
Society and Culture of the English - speaking countriesWith the help of teacher,I learned the society and culture of English-speaking country. And I benefit a lot from it.Mostly,we learned about The United Kingdom of Great Britain and The Northern Ireland . Britain is located in the west part Europe. It consists of England, Scotlaand, Wales and Northern Ireland. London is the capital of Britain.And the population of UK is 60,441,457. English, welsh and Gaelic is UK’s offical language.Britain is the first country to undergoing the industrial revolution.Now,Britain is a country has a big impat such as world powers in political, economic, military, scientific, technological and cultural areas.Britain is one of the country which is richest and most econnmically advanced.The courage and courtesy, as " gentleman Road " form the core and essence of the spirit of Britain. White and red flag of England is Cross on behalf of England's patron saint St George's, White Cross of the cross on behalf of the patron saint ST Andrew of Scotland, the Red Cross guard the Holy Cross, the representative of Ireland, Patrick British flag, commonly known as " M - word flags ", officially called " the Union Flag ", and are often called " the Union Jack ".Jack is a naval term, refers to the flag flying in the bow. Union Flag is for " Union Flag ". The United Kingdom on behalf of England's patron saint St George's cross on theflag guard the sacred, the patron saint Andrew ofScotland, and Ireland, PatrickDesign of a nuclear arms, the UK nationalemblem Centre, on the surface of the upper - leftcorner and lower - right corner of the shield is redon the ground three Golden Lion, symbol of England ; the upper - right corner for gold half red lion standing on the ground, a symbol of Scotland ; the lower - left corner of the blue golden harp on the ground, a symbol of Northern Ireland.Arms, each represented by a head wearing a crown, Lion of England and one on behalf of the Scottish Unicorn holding. Around the arms, with a motto written in French, meaning " evil with evil " ; bottom of hanging Jared Medals, ribbons, it says " Oh my God there's a god, I have the right ".Arms, the top for a jeweled Gold Silver helmet, the imperial crown and the lion wearing a crown.The National Anthem of Britain is named God savethe Queen.As the reign of a male monarch, change thenational anthem " God save the King ". The God Savethe Queen is the national anthem of the Commonwealthcountries and the royal family carols.Their currency is the pound.And the national flower of Britain is rose.Its national bird is Red Beasted Pigeon.The main religion in the UK is Christian.And the main church is England church and Scotland church.Britain started in the industrial revolution.So The Britain has a unique status in the industry. What’s more ,Britain has strong cultural heritage.It is known to all that there are many famous colleges in Britain. For example,University of Oxford and University of Cambridge.The students graduted from these colleges are pretty excellent.And they are different from Chinese university graduate.In the UK, it’s always everywhere can feel the British cultural scene filled with rich atmosphere of Shakespeare, Shakespeare has been like nutrients into the blood of the British, has become not only the pride of Britain, has also become a symbol of British culture. Britain's respected also in actively explore Shakespeare, protection and construction of Shakespeare - related artifacts and buildings. A representative of the building is one of Shakespeare's Globe theatre.The first show of the creation of Shakespeare's plays are mostly held in the globe.There are many famous and historic architecture.For example,Sallo Paulo cathedral,British Museum,Buckingham Palace,Capitol and Big Ben,Tower of London bridge and Agile temple of west.Don’t forget a modern architecture,its name is London Bowl.They all reprensent the culture of the United Kingdom.Britain has a rich food culture.The British tend to enjoy cuisine : Stewed, grilled, fried and fried. Cooking of meat, seafood, and game are a special way.They also have a special preference for beef, such as roast beef. When eating not only with seasonal vegetables, baked potato, but also in steak with lots of mustard ; in seasoning, use the preferences cream and alcohol ; in spices are like fresh meat Cole, cinnamon spice. Scotch Whisky or gin these well-known wine come from the United Kingdom. In the UK local, there are many people who like to drink,mainly because the United Kingdom is also a wine - producing country.The British spent on alcohol spending more than any other.As far as I know,Bar culture, is absolutely essential part of British social life. Earlier we talked about gentleman culture.A gentleman is the essence of British culture, value orientation and direction are British. Among the cultural influence of English, such as in life, work, work both as a standard.Gentleman culture is a temperament and style. It allows image of the English gentleman is deeply engraved in people's minds.By watching the short films.I find that the British Life is a little fast.But they also have time to enjoy the sun.It seems that they have a leisurely life.Their life is filled with passion and energy.And They are enthusiastic to others every day.Their life is very significant I think.By learning Society and Culture of the English - speaking countries, I know many knowledge about English-speaking country.It makes me know that there are many differences between Western country and Eastern country.For Western countries, I am full of curiosity .If there is a chance,I am bound to go around the English-speaking countries.。
第一章测试1.The capital city of UK is ___.A: EdinburghB:BelfastC: LondonD:Cardiff答案:C2.Which one is the national anthem of UK? _____.A: The Stars and StripesB:God Save the QueenC:The Star-Spangled BannerD:God Save the Crown答案:B3.The British Isles is made up of Great Britain, Ireland and many small islands.A:错B:对答案:B4.Ireland is divided into two political parts: ______.A: Southern Ireland and the Republic of IrelandB:the Republic of Ireland and Northern IrelandC:Northern Ireland and southern IrelandD:Northern Ireland and Britain答案:B5.The official name of Britain is: The United Kingdom of Great Britain andNorthern Ireland.A:错B:对答案:B6.The United Kingdom is not a single country. It is a country of countries. Itcontains four co-equal nations. They are _______.A:EnglandB:ScotlandC:WalesD:Northern Ireland答案:ABCD7.People from Scotland are called Scottish, and we have Welsh from Wales,Northern Irish from Northern Ireland.A:对B:错答案:A8._____ is the great bell in the Clock Tower on the eastern end of the Houses ofParliament. It has been keeping time since 1859.A:A. London TowerB:A. St Paul’s CathedralC:Big BenD:A. Tower Bridge答案:C9.What attracts tourists’ attention in the Tower of London is a group of specialresidents –The Ravens.A:错B:对答案:B10.The Buckingham Palace is the London residence of the British sovereign.A:错B:对答案:B第二章测试1.Watt Tyler was the most important military leader of the Peasant Uprising of1381 in English history.A:错B:对答案:B2.The wars of roses got such a name because the badge of the House ofLancaster was a white rose and that of York was a red one.A:对B:错答案:B3.The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes whichinvaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people.A:对B:错答案:A4.In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions,Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of Reformation.A:对B:错答案:A5.The Hundred Years’ war was a series of wars fought between the British andthe Vikings for trade and territory.A:错B:对答案:A6.The war of Roses started between two most influential rivals, the family ofLancaster and the Duke of York. Their goal was for the possession of ___.A:TerritoryB: The CrownC:A. GloryD: Wealth答案:B7.which of the following was not a cause for Reformation in England?A:The bourgeoisie envied the churches’ propertyB:King Henry VIII favored the English separation from the Roman Catholicchurch.C: The English people hated the Pope’s interference in Britain’s internal affair.D: Henry VIII wanted to ally with Spain which was a non-Catholic country.答案:D8.James I clung to the theory of the “___”.A: Rule by lawB:Separation of powersC:Trial by ordealD:Divine Right of kings答案:D9.King ____ of Wessex defeated the Danes and he was considered the firstnational hero .A:EdmundB:Harold IC:AlfredD:Julius Caesar答案:C10.In the late 16th century, _____ruled England.A:Henry VB:Elizabeth IIC:Queen MarryD: Elizabeth I答案:D第三章测试1. In a country, if the monarch holds the absolute power, its political system iscalled _____.A:parliamentary republicB:constitutional monarchyC:complete monarchyD: absolute monarchy答案:D2.In constitutional monarchy, _____ who is the head of state exercises his or herpowers in accordance with a written or unwritten constitution.A:the presidentB:the monarchC:the premierD:the chairman答案:B3.Modern Constitutional Monarchy history can be broadly classified into threecategories.A:错B:对答案:B4.The Bill of Rights in 1698 signified the end of absolute power of the monarchA:对B:错答案:B5.In Britain, the parliament is comprised of ______A:The king/queenB:The prime ministerC:House of LordsD:House of Commons答案:ACD6.The power of the monarch in parliament mainly includes_____.A:to check the work of governmentB: to make lawsC: to dissolve the parliamentD:to open the parliament答案:CD7. Currently, there are about _____ members who are eligible to take part in thework of the House of Lords.A:500B:800C:400D:700答案:B8. In House of Commons, General elections of members of parliament (MPs)are held every four yearsA:对B:错答案:B9.Which of the following are the three major political parties in UK?A:Liberal DemocratB: DemocraticC:LabourD:Conservative答案:ACD10.In house of commons the passing of a bill includes ____ stages.A:6B:4C:3D:5答案:B第四章测试1. Renaissance was spread to the Great Britain from the early 16th to the mid17th century and ______was the main theme of it.A: realismB: impressionismC: romanticismD:humanism答案:D2.Among the dramas created by William Shakespeare, ______ is widelyconsidered the summit.A:OthelloB: MacbethC:HamletD:King Lear答案:C3.The publishing of ____in 1798 is often taken as the beginning of BritishRomanticism, and the crowning of Queen Victoria in 1837 as its end.A: Don JuanB: Lyrical BalladsC:Ode to the West WindD:Bright Star答案:B4.Which of the following is not the influential factor of the Romantic period?A:Agricultural RevolutionB:French RevolutionC:Industrial RevolutionD: Education Revolution答案:D5.During the 19th century, the critical realists portrayed the chiefcharacteristics of the English society and criticized the capitalist system froma ____ viewpoint.A: romanticB:democraticC: imaginary答案:B6.English critical realism found its most powerful expressions in the form of____A:dramaB:essayC:novelD: poetry答案:C7.The naturalistic writers suggested that social conditions, ____, andenvironment had inescapable force in shaping human character.A: ambitionB:personalityC: willpowerD: heredity答案:D8. _____ is considered Hardy’s masterpiece and has the subtitled A Pure Woman,because Hardy felt that its heroine was a virtuous victim of a rigidVictorian moral code.A: Jude the ObscureB:Far from the Madding CrowdC: The Return of the NativeD:Tess of the D’Urbervilles答案:D9.Which of the following writers does not belong to the pioneer ones whorejected chronological and narrative continuityA:Charles DickensB:William FaulknerC:Virginia WoolfD:James Joyce.答案:A10.As an extraordinary author, James Joyce is always remembered for ____, thecollection of his short storiesA:Finnegans WakeB:UlyssesC:. DublinersD:A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man答案:C第五章测试1.The United Kingdom is always described as a ____-faith and secularized orpost-Christian society.A: singleB:noD:double答案:C2.Among Christians, ____are the most common denomination.A:PresbyteriansB:Roman CatholicsC:CatholicsD:Anglicans答案:D3.Only a Protestant may inherit the British throne.A:错B:对答案:B4. Forms of Christianity introduced by the ____ have dominated religious life forover 1,400 yearsA: CelticsB:RomansC: GermansD: Francs答案:B5.____ remained the dominant form in Britain throughout the Middle Ages.A:ProtestantismB:PuritanismC:AnglicanismD:Roman Catholicism答案:D6. A major new survey by Britain’s national statistics bureau shows that despitegrowing immigration and competition from other faiths, nearly ____ in 10Britons still describe themselves as Christian.A:5B:8C:7D:6答案:C7.Outside London, ____ Cathedral was the most visited ecclesiastical building.A:king’sB:WinchesterC:YorkD:Canterbury答案:D第六章测试1.The best-known quality of the British people and, in particular, of the Englishpeople is their ____.A: submissivenessB:exclusivenessC:socialityD:collectiveness答案:B2.When the British are in Britain, they do not even regard themselves asEuropeans for the Europeans are foreigners to them.A:错B:对答案:B3.The English people are generally regarded as ____.A: adventurousB:conservativeC: radicalD:easily excited答案:B4. A reserved person in UK is one who does not talk very much to strangers,does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited.A:对B:错答案:A5.The English do sometimes laugh at a cripple of a madman, or a tragedy or anhonorable failure.A:错B:对答案:A6.The English sometimes trust big promises and open shows of feelings.A:错B:对答案:A7.________, hockey and rugby were all first organized and given rules in Britain.A: BoxingB: cricketC: footballD: tennis答案:ABCD8.Bri tish people treat “Have you eaten yet?” “What are you going to do?” etc. asreal question and not the ways to show consideration.A:对B:错答案:A9.In UK, handshakes are only exchanged on a first introduction, or on specialoccasions, or as a token of agreement or congratulation.B:对答案:B10.In Britain, “Excuse me” is used as an advance apology when one interrupts,disagrees, disapproves, or has to behave impolitely.A:对B:错答案:A第七章测试1. Before 1870 schools set up by ____, 40% of children aged 10 attended.A:churchesB: statesC:lordsD:monarchs答案:A2.The UK introduced ____ in 1960s.A:private schoolsB:state-run schoolsC:comprehensive schoolsD:high-tech schools答案:C3.The National Curriculum and the compulsory education are for childrenbetween the ages of ____ and ____.A:5, 16B:7, 16C: 7, 18D:5, 18答案:B4.The British state system includes an 11-year compulsory education.A:错B:对答案:B5.The ____ Half is from mid-January to late March.A:MichaelmasB: LentC: ChristmasD:Summer答案:B6.In the third term of Year 12 British students prepare their applicationsto university, and they can apply to a maximum of ____ universities orinstitutions.A:fourC: tenD: six答案:D7.The British universities are mostly funded by central government grantsexcept ____.A: Buckingham UniversityB:Durham UniversityC:University of East AngliaD: University of Kent答案:A8.CTCs in UK stands for City Technology Colleges.A:对B:错答案:A9.British Education has now become a process of preparing students for their____’s.A: SATB:GREC:TOEFLD:IELTS答案:A第八章测试1.Which one of the following is not particularly British Christmas tradition?A:Receiving gifts from Santa Claus.B: The Queen broadcasting her Christmas message.C: Enjoying the PantomimeD:Shopping on the Boxing Day.答案:A2.Which of the following has nothing to do with Easter?A:Rabbits.B:HaggisC: Eggs.D:Chicks答案:B3.Which community observes the traditional Ramadan?A: Sikh.B: Jewish.C:Muslim.D: Hindu答案:C4.Which celebration particularly happens on the Que en’s birthday?A:Trooping the Colour.B:Masquerades.C:The Orange MarchD: Bonfires答案:A5.Which of the following is true about the Guy Fawkes Night?A:It is celebrated by Scottish people in November.B: It is celebrated by English people in August.C:It is celebrated by Scottish people in August.D:It is celebrated by English people in November.答案:D6. Britain is mainly a Christian country.A:对B:错答案:A7.Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing and has something to do with theBoxer uprising in China.A:对B:错答案:B8.The Queen’s Birthday is officially celebrated around Buckingham Palace onthe second Saturday in June.A:错B:对答案:B9.St Patrick’s birthday is celebrated on March 17 each year.A:错B:对答案:B10.In Ireland, New Year’s Eve called Hogmanay (31 December) is the majorwinter celebration.A:对B:错答案:A第九章测试1.Which one is the national anthem of America? ____.A:The Star-Spangled BannerB: God Save the CrownC:The Stars and StripesD:God Save the Queen答案:A2.____ is the backbone of the North American Continent, and it is also known asthe Continental Divide.A: The Appalachian MountainsB:Ben NevisC:The HimalayasD:The Rocky Mountains答案:D3.Among the following rivers, ___ forms a natural boundary between Mexicoand the U.S.A: the Rio Grande RiverB:the PotomacC: the Mississippi RiverD: the Colorado答案:A4.With regard to its size, the USA is the ___ country in the world.A:third largestB:first largestC:second largestD:fourth largest答案:D5.The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes, they arelocated between Canada and the United States except ____.A:Lake OntarioB: Lake ErieC:Lake MichiganD: Lake Huron答案:C6.Which of the following is not in New York City?A:Niagara FallsB:Statue of LibertyC:Times SquareD:The Empire State Building答案:A7.Washington D.C. is named _______.A:after both George Washington and Christopher ColumbusB:after Abraham LincolnC:after Christopher ColumbusD:after the U.S. President George Washington答案:A8.The neighboring countries of America are Canada and Mexico.A:错B:对答案:B9. Lake Michigan is the largest of the five Great Lakes in America.A:错B:对答案:A10.Of all the 50 states of America, California is the most populous state.A:对B:错答案:A第十章测试1._____, an Italian navigator, discovered AmericaA: Christopher ColumbusB:Amerigo VespucciC:Vasco da Gama答案:A2.The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A:MarylandB:ColoradoC:Delaware答案:B3.The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.A: easyB: roughC:simple答案:A4.The first thirteen states of the US mainly located _____ seaboard.A:the westernB: the northernC:the eastern答案:C5._____ appointed many of the colonial governors.A:The English KingB:the local peopleC: the local government答案:A6.The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A: 1776, 1784B:1706, 1714C: 1775, 1783答案:C7.The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.A:1764, 1765B: 1763, 1764C:1765, 1766答案:C8.The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence.A:Bunker HillB:New YorkC:Saratoga答案:C9. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September 1774.A: New YorkB:PhiladelphiaC:Boston答案:B10.The pamphlet “Common Sense” was written by _____.A:Thomas PaineB:Thomas JeffersonC: Thomas Edison答案:A第十一章测试 government is a federal government, which means that the centralgovernment and state government share some functions and political rights.A:对B:错答案:A2.Which of the followings are primarily concerns of each state government inthe US?A: securityB:foreign affairsC: public healthD: education答案:CD3.The legislative branch is to evaluate laws; the executive branch is to carry outlaws and the judicial branch is to make laws.A:对B:错答案:B4.In the US, who has the authority to declare the war?A:SenateB: National Security AgencyC:PresidentD: Congress答案:D5.Each representative serves ____ year in one termA:6 yearsB:2 yearsC:4 yearsD: 5 years答案:B6.Cabinet members are nominated by the President and must be approved bythe ______.A:House of representativesB:CongressC:SenateD:President答案:C7.In the process of president election, parties hold nominating conventions tochoose their candidates from January to June of election year.A:错B:对答案:A8.Which are the steps of American presidential election?A:Electoral CollegeB:Primaries and CaucusesC:National ConventionsD:General election答案:ABCD9.In Electoral College, there are a total of 538 electoral votes. The candidatethat gets more than half (270) wins the election.A:错B:对答案:B10.In US, the Inauguration Day is on _____.A:February 21B:January 21C:January 20D:February 20答案:C第十二章测试1.In the 19th century America, Romanticism had certain general characteristics.Choose such characteristics from the following items.A:adoration for the natural worldB: faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perceptionC: other options are correctD:moral enthusiasm答案:C2.Poe is the father of the detective story.A:错B:对答案:B3.The Transcendentalism includes two of the most significant writers Americahas produced so far, Emerson and ____________.A:Henry David ThoreauB:Walt WhitmanC:Nathaniel HawthorneD: Washington Irving答案:A4.Which of the following is NOT one of the three dominant figures of theRealistic Period?A: Mark TwainB:Henry JamesC: William FaulknerD:William D. Howells答案:C5.Which of the following novel is written by William Dean Howells?A:The Wings of the DoveB:The AmbassadorsC:The Golden BowlD:The Rise of Silas Lapham答案:D6.the book from which “all modern American literature comes” refers to__________.A: The Sun Also RisesB: Moby DickC:The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD: The Great Gatsby答案:C7.With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene, _________became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of 19th century.A:sentimentalismB: naturalismC:romanticismD:realism答案:D8._______-is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.A:F. Scott FitzgeraldB:Ezra PoundC:Ernest HemingwayD:William Faulkner答案:A9.______is a dramatist who holds the central position in American drama in themodernistic period.A:Tennessee WilliamsB:Eugene O’NeillC:Sinclair LewisD:Arthur Miller答案:B10.In 1954, ___was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature for his “mastery of theart of modern narration”.A:John SteinbeckB: Ernest HemingwayC:T.S. EliotD:William Faulkner答案:B第十三章测试1.Which of the following does not exist in universities?A:Grammar schoolsB: Undergraduate schoolsC:Graduate schoolsD:Professional schools答案:A2. Which of the following schools is the longest in the U.S. history.A:Brown UniversityB:Yale University.C:Dartmouth CollegeD:Harvard University答案:D3.To attend college, a high school student must____?A:pass the college entrance examinationB:pass TOFEL examinationC:have a good high school record and text scoresD:be a member of fraternities and sororities答案:C4.The college sport which stirs up the most national interest is ___?A:footballB:basketballC: baseballD:soccer答案:A5.To earn a Ph. D in a field, a student is required to do the following except thathe ___?A:pass oral and writing examination in his specialtyB:writes a long research paperC:complete 4 academic years with acceptable grades in an approved course of studyD:pass reading examination in one or two foreign languages答案:C6.In the USA school systems, which of the division is true?A:Elementary school, grammar school, high schoolB:Preschool education, elementary education, secondary education andhigher educationC:Junior high school, senior high school, high schoolD:Elementary school, middle school, high school答案:B7.In America, the academic year lasts nine months, from September to _____,with winter and spring vocations.A: MayB:JulyC:JuneD: August答案:C8.In elementary schools, courses for children include the following except_____.A:sciences, art and music E. cooking or other manual skillsB: foreign languagesC:social coursesD:reading, writing答案:B9.About _____ of all school of higher education are privateA:35%B:15%C:45%D:25%答案:D10.Which of the following schools is not included in Ivy League schools?A:Columbia UniversityB:Harvard UniversityC:University of CambridgeD:the University of Pennsylvania答案:C第十四章测试1.Puritans were a member of a group of English ____ who moved to the newcontinent in the 16th & 17th centuries.A:BaptistsB:CatholicsC: ProtestantsD:Presbyterians答案:C2.American Puritans advocated strict religious discipline along withsimplification of the ceremonies and creeds of ____.A:the Church of EnglandB:BaptistsC:CatholicsD: Presbyterians答案:A3.Since the Age of Puritanism, Americans have viewed their country as a great____, a worthy model for other nations.A:companyB:experimentC: peopleD:religion答案:B4.To American Puritans, religion should be a ritual than a matter of personalfaith rather.A:对B:错答案:B5.To American Puritans, a person by nature was wholly sinful.A:错B:对答案:B6. Over the years in the new homeland, American Puritans built a way of lifethat stressed ____.A:thriftB:pietyC: hard workD:sobriety答案:ABCD7.____’s “The American Scholar” regarded as the Declaration of Intellect ualIndependence?A:Oliver Wendell HolmesB:Henry ThoreauC: Ralph EmersonD:Walt Whitman答案:C8.Love of privacy contributes to the belief in individualism and free movement.A:对B:错答案:A9.This strong American belief in individualism has both positive and negativesides.A:对B:错答案:A10. Idealism rather than materialism is very important in the Americancharacter.A:错B:对答案:A第十五章测试1.In the United States, the ____ in November is called Thanksgiving Day.A: third WednesdayB: fourth WednesdayC:third ThursdayD:fourth Thursday答案:D2.The ship took by the pilgrims to arrive at the first colony was called ____.A:PequodB:NoneC:TitanicD:the Mayflower答案:D3.The ship taken by the early settlers to arrive at the first colony was called ____.A:PequodB:NoneC:the MayflowerD:Titanic答案:C4.Which of the following belongs to the traditional Thanksgiving food?A: other options are correctB: Pumpkin pieC: Indian puddingD:turkey答案:A5.Which of the following is not one of the Christmas customs?A:Exchanging GiftsB:Hanging a coat near the ChimneyC:Receiving Toys from Santa ClausD:Decorating the Home with Evergreens答案:C6.About Christmas tree, which of the following is incorrect?A:The star on top represents the star in the East which guided the three Wise Men to Bethlehem.B:In ancient times, a branch of mistletoe was hung over doorways for fun.C: The modern American tree is usually covered with colored balls andstrings of colored lights.D:The poinsettia plant is another familiar Christmas decoration.答案:B7.The first American Thanksgiving was held in Plymouth, Massachusetts in1721.A:对B:错答案:B8.The early settlers had been called Puritans because they wished to “purify”the Church of England.A:对B:错答案:A9. Christians throughout the world celebrate the birthday of Jesus onDecember 25.A:对B:错答案:A10.The early Germans believed that in winter evil spirits killed the plants andtrees and caused green leaves and flowers to disappear. They felt thatbringing evergreens into their homes w ould protect them from the spirit of death.A:错B:对答案:B第十六章测试1.Christianity is the state-supported religion of the United States.A:对B:错答案:B2.In some ways, the American government supports all religions.A:对B:错答案:A3.The National Day of Prayer is an annual day of observance held on the first____ of May.A:ThursdayB:SaturdayC:SundayD:Monday答案:A4.The National Prayer Breakfast is hosted by members of the United States ____.A:PresidentB:GovernmentC: CongressD:Vice-President答案:C5.Every U.S. president since ____ has participated in the annual National PrayerBreakfast.A: Dwight D. EisenhowerB:Ronald Wilson ReaganC:John Fitzgerald KennedyD:Gerald R. Ford答案:A6.76% of the American adult population identified themselves as ____.A: ProtestantsB:AnglicansC:ChristiansD: Catholics答案:C7.____ is by far the largest single religious group.A: Roman CatholicismB:BaptismC:ProtestantismD:Anglicanism答案:A8.The first Catholic missionaries were____, having come with ChristopherColumbus to the New World on his second voyage in 1493.A: ItalianB:SpanishC:EnglishD:French答案:B9.The integration of Catholics in American society was marked by the electionof ____as President in 1960.A:Dwight D. EisenhowerB:Ronald Wilson ReaganC:John Fitzgerald KennedyD:Gerald R. Ford答案:C10. Christianity was introduced during the period of____.A:European colonizationB:American Independent WarC: American RevolutionD:American Awakening Movement答案:A。
英国社会与文化英国是一个历史悠久、文化繁荣的国家，拥有丰富多样的社会与文化景观。
本篇文档将介绍一些关于英国社会和文化的重要方面。
1. 英国的社会结构英国社会结构由四个主要的阶层组成：贵族阶层、上层中产阶级、下层中产阶级和工人阶级。
这种社会结构基于家庭背景、教育和就业等因素。
贵族阶层通常是由皇室成员和贵族血统的人组成，他们在政府和社会的各个领域发挥着重要作用。
上层中产阶级通常是财富和地位较高的人，他们在商务、金融和媒体等行业占据着重要地位。
下层中产阶级包括一些专业人士和中等收入家庭。
工人阶级是英国社会中最底层的人群，他们在服务业和制造业等行业从事体力劳动。
2. 英国的价值观和习俗英国人有着独特的价值观和习俗，其中最重要的是礼貌和谦逊。
英国人注重个人隐私和个人空间，尊重他人的意见和观点。
在社交场合，他们通常会排队、握手并进行适当的寒暄。
英国人喜欢喝茶，并且将其视为一种社交活动。
他们也喜欢观看足球比赛和参加音乐节或戏剧表演等文化活动。
3. 英国的语言和文学英语是英国的官方语言，也是全球使用最广泛的语言之一。
英国有着悠久的文学传统，从莎士比亚到狄更斯再到现代作家，英国文学一直占据着世界文学的重要地位。
一些著名的英国文学作品包括《哈利·波特》系列、《简·爱》和《1984》等。
4. 英国的节日和庆典英国有许多重要的节日和庆典，其中最著名的是圣诞节和复活节。
在圣诞节期间，家庭成员会相聚一起庆祝，并交换礼物。
复活节则是基督教的重要节日，人们会举行各种庆祝活动，如彩蛋砸碎和游行等。
在英国还有一些独特的庆典，如威斯敏斯特大礼拜仪式和爱丁堡国际艺术节等。
5. 英国的食物和饮料英国的食物和饮料具有自己的特色。
英国早餐以培根、鸡蛋、烤面包和熏肉为主要食材。
晚餐通常包括烤肉、蔬菜和煮土豆。
英国人喜欢喝茶和啤酒，并且有一些独特的饮料，如英式红茶和威士忌。
6. 英国的艺术和音乐英国是艺术和音乐的重要中心之一。
论英美文化的异同与影响因素英美文化的异同与影响因素英国和美国这两个国家拥有着悠久的历史和文化传统，虽然两国有着相似的语言和文化渊源，但是在许多方面存在显著的差异。
本文将从社会、教育、娱乐、食物等方面探讨英美文化的异同与影响因素。
一、社会英国和美国社会的最大不同在于其政治制度。
英国属于君主立宪制国家，国王或女王是宪法上的元首，国会是最高立法机关；而美国是一个共和制国家，总统是国家元首，国会则由参议院和众议院组成。
这不同的政治制度也导致了两国的社会体系和价值观的差异。
比如，在家庭中英国人更注重传统和尊重老人，更重视家族和家庭的连续性，而美国人则更注重独立和自由，更尊重个人选择和权利。
此外，英国人普遍保守、内敛，注重脸面和礼貌，而美国人则更加向外开放，注重自我表达和解放。
二、教育教育是两国文化方面的一个重要组成部分。
在英国，中小学教育十分注重传统，注重基本功，以考试为主要手段，尤其是对于大学的入学考试十分看重。
而在美国，高校的录取更注重综合素质，特别是在领导能力、创造力和创新精神方面。
此外，两国对于教育的投入也有着很大的差别。
英国政府对于学生的教育广泛资助，公立学校得到大量的政府经费支持；而美国一直注重高等教育，大量的资金投入到大学和研究机构中，尤其是在科学、技术和医学等方面。
三、娱乐娱乐也是文化中不可缺少的一部分，英美两国在娱乐领域的差异可以体现出两国的文化差异，比如电影、音乐和运动等方面。
在电影方面，好莱坞是全球最大的电影产业中心，美国电影制作技术和观众的情感刻画都比英国更为直接和动感。
相比之下，英国电影则更重视文化底蕴和风格，如《哈利波特》、《007》等电影作品都受到了广泛的关注。
此外，英国人也更注重电影的文化内涵和艺术价值，相对更为保守和温情。
音乐方面，美国流行音乐在全球的影响力远超英国。
从流行乐到摇滚乐等，美国音乐创造了自己独特的音乐文化，包括第一代摇滚乐、青少年文化、嘻哈文化等等。
而英国则在独立音乐方面更有影响力，如披头士乐队在摇滚乐历史上的地位不言而喻，英国也是电子音乐的重要来源地之一。
姓名：肖珊 专业班级：理学院信息与计算科学１０１班 学号：５５０１２１００４６ 上课时间：周三晚上上课
The Introduction of British Education As we know, British is a country with centuries-old educational tradition. After hundreds of years of evolution, its education system has become quite complete and complex, and been very flexible. British education aims to help the child develop their individual ability, and train them to make contributions to society when they grow up. In general, it can be divided into three parts, compulsory education,further education and higher education. In Britain, children can enjoy the compulsory education from their five to their sixteen, and enjoy all the free state welfare. Schools are even offering free lunches. But all of the parents must send their children to the school to study. Primary school education generally continued to eleven, then come into the middle school. Most of public school in Britain combine infant school and junior school into primary school. What's more, British primary school differs from that in China. Children in Britain are much easier and more relaxed. Maybe it is one of the advantages of British education system. British middle school is not divided into junior and high. It lasts from form one to form five for five years. Students who age between 13 to 16 are going to enter the independent school, which is similar to our middle school. Their basic task is to make preparations for the GCSE test, which is an educational diploma for ordinary middle school. And the gain of the GCSE diploma marks that the students can graduate from the middle school. Further education is the most characteristic and the best part in British education system. It is the third level education after primary and secondary. Because they can't enter the university at once. The accomplishment of GCSE is the same as the finish of Grade 1 in senior high school in China. So the further education can equal to Grade 2 and Grade 3 in senior high school in China. Generally speaking, the students who accept further education are always between 16 and 18. It also can be divided into two systems, academic route and career route. Academic route focuses on training of talents and sending these students to go to university after the necessary courses and UCAS application procedure while career route focuses on combining each aspect of professional need and training talents with special skills and knowledge in various industries. Just as its name implies, higher education is the senior stage in British education system. It includes bachelor degree, master degree, doctor degree and HND-higher national diploma. Usually, higher education is provided by university, but many colleges offer bachelor and HND courses. There are almost 89 universities in Britain, and the scale, the sites and the courses are much different in every university. Universities pay great attention to the cultivation of the students' independent learning ability, they provide a wide range of choices for the students who are aspiring to enter university. So students usually need to complete a research or write a paper in the last year of the undergraduate course, which will be regarded as the according to decide whether the students can receive the degree level or not. When it comes to the entrance of university, there are some differences between Britain and China. In Britain, students must have two courses qualified in GCE A-levels or a number of courses qualified in GCSE. As a result of the intense competition of degree, some courses may require the applicant possesses three courses qualified in GCE A-levels or gets good marks in BTEC diploma test. In other words, it is not necessary in Britain to get all of the courses qualified, and it is not the only approach to possess a beautiful future. The first undergraduate course person have to submit applications to the UCAS. The last but not least, students who meet the admission are not guaranteed for admission. However, the University Entrance Test is the only way for students to get into university. Students need to master six courses at least which are all required to get qualified in the UET. What's worse, the grade of the UET is the only and most important reason for one's university entrance. As is known by us, there are two world famous university in Britain. One is Oxford University, the other is Cambridge University. Both of the two universities are very attractive, which have the best teaching materials, the beautiful scenery, the strong study atmosphere and the valuable enterprise management experience. Oxford University was founded in 1167 with the world's reputation. It has a very important position in British society and higher education system. Many young students in Britain and around the world regard it as their idea that they can enter into Oxford University for further education. Although the exact date of the Oxford University is not clear, its history can be traced back to the twelfth century
