姓名：肖珊专业班级：理学院信息与计算科学１０１班
学号：５５０１２１００４６上课时间：周三晚上上课
The Introduction of British Education As we know, British is a country with centuries-old educational tradition. After hundreds of years of evolution, its education system has become quite complete and complex, and been very flexible. British education aims to help the child develop their individual ability, and train them to make contributions to society when they grow up. In general, it can be divided into three parts, compulsory education,further education and higher education.
In Britain, children can enjoy the compulsory education from their five to their sixteen, and enjoy all the free state welfare. Schools are even offering free lunches. But all of the parents must send their children to the school to study. Primary school education generally continued to eleven, then come into the middle school. Most of public school in Britain combine infant school and junior school into primary school. What's more, British primary school differs from that in China. Children in Britain are much easier and more relaxed. Maybe it is one of the advantages of British education system. British middle school is not divided into junior and high. It lasts from form one to form five for five years. Students who age between 13 to 16 are going to enter the independent school, which is similar to our middle school. Their basic task is to make preparations for the GCSE test, which is an educational diploma for ordinary middle school. And the gain of the GCSE diploma marks that the students can graduate from the
middle school.
Further education is the most characteristic and the best part in British education system. It is the third level education after primary and secondary. Because they can't enter the university at once. The accomplishment of GCSE is the same as the finish of Grade 1 in senior high school in China. So the further education can equal to Grade 2 and Grade 3 in senior high school in China. Generally speaking, the students who accept further education are always between 16 and 18. It also can be divided into two systems, academic route and career route. Academic route focuses on training of talents and sending these students to go to university after the necessary courses and UCAS application procedure while career route focuses on combining each aspect of professional need and training talents with special skills and knowledge in various industries.
Just as its name implies, higher education is the senior stage in British education system. It includes bachelor degree, master degree, doctor degree and HND-higher national diploma. Usually, higher education is provided by university, but many colleges offer bachelor and HND courses. There are almost 89 universities in Britain, and the scale, the sites and the courses are much different in every university. Universities pay great attention to the cultivation of the students' independent learning ability, they provide a wide range of choices for the students who are aspiring to enter university. So students usually need to complete a research or write a paper in the last year of the undergraduate course, which will be regarded as the according to decide whether the students can receive the degree level or not.
When it comes to the entrance of university, there are some differences between Britain and China. In Britain, students must have two courses qualified in GCE A-levels or a number of courses qualified in GCSE. As a result of the intense competition of degree, some courses may require the applicant possesses three courses qualified in GCE A-levels or gets good marks in BTEC diploma test. In other words, it is not necessary in Britain to get all of the courses qualified, and it is not the only approach to possess a beautiful future. The first undergraduate course person have to submit applications to the UCAS. The last but not least, students who meet the admission are not guaranteed for admission. However, the University Entrance Test is the only way for students to get into university. Students need to master six courses at least which are all required to get qualified in the UET. What's worse, the grade of the UET is the only and most important reason for one's university entrance.
As is known by us, there are two world famous university in Britain. One is Oxford University, the other is Cambridge University. Both of the two universities are very attractive, which have the best teaching materials, the beautiful scenery, the strong study atmosphere and the valuable enterprise management experience.
Oxford University was founded in 1167 with the world's reputation. It has a very important position in British society and higher education system. Many young students in Britain and around the world regard it as their idea that they can enter into Oxford University for further education. Although the exact date of the Oxford University is not clear, its history can be traced back to the twelfth century
and almost nine centuries so far. In the nine centuries, Oxford University has been the top university in Britain even in the world. From 2002 to 2010, Oxford University has been selected as the first university in all English integrated rank for consecutive nine years by The Times newspaper. Oxford University is the first level university, but the first university around the world was founded in Virginia pollux, Italy. Oxford University is the oldest university in English countries. There are some funny sayings about the birth of Oxford University.
12 centuries ago, Britain had no colleges, people were to go to Paris University or other European country to study. In 1167, the England king had a fight with the France king at that time. The England king recalled all the English researchers in Paris University back and banned them to go to Paris again. All of these scholars come home from Paris and gathered in Oxford to engaged in the teaching and research of the scholastic philosophy. Then it became the Oxford University gradually.
Cambridge University is located in Cambridge, England, which is one of the top universities. Many famous scientists, writers and politicians in Britain are from Cambridge University. Also Cambridge University is the one which is the birth of most Nobel Prize winners. It is named as Oxbridge with Oxford University. The foundation of Cambridge University is also very interesting. In 1209, two scholastic philosopher was charged with murder crime, Oxford court judged them sentence of death. In order to protest, the teachers in Oxford stopped teaching in a period of time and left. Some of them came to the town of Cambridge. Although the situation of the university's foundation in Cambridge
was blurred. According to records, faced with the doubt citizens, a group of teachers and students were successful to get protection from the church and the royal family. This is the basic condition in that unstable time. Undergoing these terrible difficulties, Cambridge University finally has become one of the most attractive universities all over the world. That is the thing with most comfort and pride.
Text 英国可以说是世界上最古老的代表的民主国家，可以在1000年追查根源。其他国家也有长期的政治历史，但这些历史是由突发期显着，而经常是暴力，改变。虽然英国也拥有了政治不稳定的时期相比，说，法国，美国，还是中国的国家建设进程一直是一个进化，而不是革命。这种长期，不间断的历史仍然十分明显，在英国目前的政治体制和政治文化。 The Monarchy 政府机构，是最古老的君主（由国王规则）。这可以追溯到撒克逊人谁的，直到1066年诺曼征服公元5世纪的统治。本女王伊丽莎白二世，是国王的直系后裔埃格伯特，谁团结在他的829统治英格兰。 君主的权力，主要是来自国王的“神权古代学说”。有人认为，主权来自他从上帝的权威，不能从他的臣民。由于这种神圣的权利，尽管有不同的家庭之间，有时谁坚持战斗，他们以合法的王位继承人，君主制的实际存在，很少受到质疑。对于1000年英国有世袭的国王或女王作为国家元首，但有一个短暂的例外。在17世纪有一个在英格兰与共和党的“圆颅内战”（即所谓的，因为男人不顾流行时尚和头顶的头发很短）由奥利弗克伦威尔，谁想要废除君主制，并要求领导保皇党谁它继续。在罢黜国王查理一世在1642年，成功地圆颅党和公正十八年前的君主统治恢复。
虽然在理论上国王对他的球队的上帝在实践中，即使在中世纪，人们认为他不应该行使绝对的权力。相反，主权应该愿意接受著名男性的意见。国王是否愿意做领导之间的国王和教会一样强大，拥有土地的封建贵族，其他强大的集团的许多战役。 这是一个封建贵族和教会的反对约翰王（1199年至1216年的一些帮派）的政策。这种反对如此强烈，国王最终给予了他们的自由和政治权利宪章，但其中世纪的大宪章拉丁名称命名。大宪章放在国王的能力，他的皇室权力滥用的一些限制。这仍然被视为英国的官方对公民权利的重要体现。 The Parliament 这个词的“议会”的动词“来到往下谈”，即，讨论或交谈。这个词是第一次使用在1236年正式描述封建贵族和县和偶尔的国王召见城镇代表聚会，如果他想筹集资金。传统上，中世纪国王本应继续以自己的财富，他们自己的王室开支。如果需要额外的资源-例如，如果一个国王要发动一场战争，他经常做-他将试图说服大议会，是一种收集领先，富有贵族几次开会一年，让他提供了一些额外的钱。到了13世纪，国王发现，他们不能入不敷出的要钱此相当小，所以他们大议会扩大到包括县，市，镇的代表，让他们协助他的项目。正是在
英美社会与文化复习题 L Choose the one that best completes each of the following statements. The two main islands of the British Isles are Samuel Johnson's dictionary was influential in establishing a standard form of ___________ ? A. grammar B. handwriting C. spelling D. pronunciation At present, nearly ________ of the worlds population communicate in English. A. half B ? a quarter C. one third D. one fifth attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410. A. Norman B. Danish C. Celtic D. Germanic became the dominant religion in England? B. Anglo-Saxon Christianity D. Roman Christianity Westminster Abbey was built at the time of A. St. Augustine C ? William the Conqueror The _______ marked the establishment of feudalism in England. A ? Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta C- Norman Conquest D ? Adoption of common law The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of . D. the House of Lancaster The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIIFs effort to A. divorce his wife B. break with Rome C. support the Protestants D. declare his supreme power over the church The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between ________ ? A ? Protestants and Puritans B. Royalists and Parliamentarians A. Great Britain and Ireland B. Great Britain and Scotland C. Great Britain and Wales D. Great Britain and England _______ is the capital city of Scotiand. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh According to a 2005 estimate, Britain now has a population of over A.160 B.600 C. 60 C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff million. D. 16 is the smallest. Among the four parts of the United Kingdom, A. England B. Scotland C. Wales Almost a quarter of the British population lives in ________ England. A. northeastern B. southeastern C. northwestern D. Northern Ireland D. southwestern English belongs to the _______ group of Indo-European family of languages. A. Celtic B. Indo-Iranian C. Germanic D ? Roman The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of English. A. Danish and Finnish B. Dutch and German words to C. French and Italian D. Latin and Greek The evolution of Middle English was reinforced by the ______ B. Dutch C. German A. Norman influence. D. Danish The By the late 7th century, A. Celtic Christianity C ? Germanic Christianity B. Edward the Confessor D. Alfred the Great A. the House of Valois B. the House of York C ? the House of Tudor
英美文化概况之英国篇 英国早期人文历史常识 （一） 英国东邻北海，西、北面对大西洋，南面是英吉利海峡（the English Channel），与法国隔海相望。 地理上，这里被称为“不列颠群岛”（British Isles），由大不列颠岛（Great Britain）和爱尔兰岛（Ireland）这两大岛屿，以及其它几百个小岛组成。 大不列颠岛上分布着英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士（England,Scotland and Wales）三个区域，而爱尔兰岛则分成北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国（Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland）两块。 政治上，大不列颠和北爱尔兰共同组成联合王国（the United Kingdom），而爱尔兰共和国则是独立于联合王国而存在的独立的国家。我们通常所说的英国，则是指联合王国。 联合王国的首都是伦敦（London）；而爱尔兰共和国的首都是都柏林（Dublin）。 大不列颠岛在政治上被划分成英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士三个区域，其中英格兰面积最大、人口最多，总的来说也最为富裕。因此很多人通常会用“英格兰人”（English）指代“不列颠人”（British），这点当然会引起苏格兰人和威尔士人（Scots and Welsh）的不满。不列颠在大约一百年前曾统治着世界上四分之一的人口和土地，其殖民地遍布全球各大洲。二战之后，随着不列颠国力衰退，各殖民地纷纷独立，不列颠帝国（the British Empire）在1931年起被英联邦所取代。
英联邦（the Commonwealth of Nations）是由英国和已经独立的前英国殖民地或附 属国组成的联合体。英国作为英联邦元首并无政治实权；各国在一定协议上相互进行政治、主要是经济方面的磋商和合作；各成员国也有权利选择退出英联邦。 （二） 英国地势西北高、东南低。其西北地区主要地形是高原；而东部和东南部则主要是低地，他们是整个欧洲平原（the Great European Plain）的组成部分。 英格兰占据了大不列颠南面的最大部分土地，那里地势平缓，多为平原、丘陵和沼泽地。特别是英格兰东部沿海地区，土地肥沃，适于耕种。 苏格兰多为山地、湖泊和岛屿，它拥有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地以及南部山陵。不列颠最高峰尼维斯峰（Ben Nevis）便座落于此，高1,343米。威尔士亦是多山地区，6%的土地被森林覆盖，大部分村庄以放牧为主。 北爱尔兰北部为多岩石、荒蛮的海岸，曲折蜿蜒。其东北部多为高地，东南部为山区，而中部则是低浅的盆地。 不列颠是个岛屿国家，四面环海，它隔着英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆遥遥相望。位处英法两国之间的英吉利海峡最窄之处被称作多佛海峡（Straits of Dover），仅有33公里宽度。1985年英国政府和法国政府决定在多佛海峡处修建海峡隧道。 总长153公里的隧道于1994年五月竣工通车，使得欧洲公路网得以连成一体，被誉为人类工程史上的一个伟业。 英国河流分布细密。塞文河（the Severn）是英国第一大河流，长338公里，它同西
A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 该国，我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。这是一个什么在许多方面 是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。大多数人都知道做些什么，因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用，只是来到一个在未来数年年底，之后第二次世界大战。然而，一些市民对英国知道（他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误，英格兰）可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。 一方面，帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前，只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的 重要性。英国不再是一个帝国的国家，尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式，而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分，和国家之间的密切关系，至少它通过一个松散的 维持（自愿）组织的联系称为英联邦国家。但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟，其中英国1973年以来的成员，这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家，而 不是其英联邦成员资格。它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家，是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。从这些英联邦国家，这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民，已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。他们自己或其父母或祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，这些只是最常见的。 这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题：因为是大多数情况下，或所有，国家是不可能 总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。英国认为谁，很多人认为的英国绅士。但是，这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说，没有什么真正的有效性今天。英国是一个国家，一个单一的护照，和一个政府及对其所有的主权，但作为国家的大力顾名思义，它是由不同的元素组成。它包括4一个国家内的部分国家：大不列颠岛是由英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，北爱尔兰，一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份，完成设置。因此，在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑，必须使这些分歧，例如：一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴，如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士？她是苏格兰和女性，并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。 但是，这4个组成部分之间的区别的国家只有一个，也许是最简单的，不同的是分裂联 合王国。有人已经指出，英国现在是一个多种族社会，这些移民是最近才集团带来了自己的文化，这与他们并肩坐在一起，与生活更加传统的英国方式方方面，例如，许多穆斯林，而大多数（名英国人至少）是基督教徒。并明确在我的苏格兰妇女的例子涉及的是事实，男人和女人没有生活在英国同样的经历。此外，英国经济分为：它是一个阶级结构的社会。很可能夸大了这个阶级的重要性，因为结构的过程中，大多数国家有一些一流的一种制度，但它确实可以说，对英国社会的阶级结构是比较明显的。一名工厂工人，他的父亲是工厂的工人很可能会从股票经纪，父亲是一名股票经纪人，不同的文化：他们将倾向于读不同的报纸，看不同的电视节目，用不同的说话口音，在做不同的事情他们的自由时间，对自己的孩子有不同的期望。 另一个不同之处，这标志着英国社会就是区域。即使在四个国家，每个地区的不同：高 地之间的差异和低地苏格兰有着悠久的历史意义，例如：北部和南部英格兰队也被认为是文化不同，但它们之间的边界上没有标记任何地图，只存在一个比较笼统的精神风貌。然而，有一些是在经济方面的区别的基础，南部平均较富裕的北方。 部分之间的北部和南部的另一个区别，这标志着英国社会，一个可以看到在许多社会中， 但有可能尤其明显，在英国，也就是资本之间的区别和不同的经济差别的原因找到了省份。伦敦是在该国南部，并在英国占主导地位的各种方式。这是迄今为止该国最大的城市，约占全国人口的七分之一，它是政府的所在地，它是文化中心，这里是所有的主要报纸，电视台，与遥遥领先的最广泛选择画廊，剧院和博物馆。此外它是商业中心，在英国大公司总部的绝大多数，是国家的金融中心，三个主要的国际金融中心之一。因此，它结合了北京，上海，广州，还是纽约，华盛顿和洛杉矶的职能，在一个城市。并鉴于其长期在英国的历史作用，也许西安呢！伦敦是英国的经济和文化生活的巨大影响力，并在一定程度上在其阴影的国家
《英美概况》教学大纲 一、课程说明. 1. 课程代码：107013841 2. 课程中文名称：英美概况 3. 课程英文名称：The Society and Culture of Major English Speaking Countries — an Introduction 4. 课程总学时数：32 5. 课程学分数：2 6. 授课对象: 英语专业二年级学生 7.本课程的性质、地位和作用 《英美概况》是英语专业本科的一门专业任选课。本课程以英语为媒介，比较系统地向学生阐述世界主要英语国家的社会与文化背景，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。它是英语专业学生学习英语专业其它语言基础课和在高年级阶段学习英语文学和翻译等课程的基础。本课程的教学可以提高学生在跨文化语言运用过程中对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性和处理文化差异的灵活性，从而改善学生的跨文化语言运用能力。 二、教学基本要求 1.本课程的目的、任务 本课程的教学目的在于让英语专业学生了解和熟悉主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，掌握其地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活与文化传统等方面的基本知识，扩大知识面，丰富文化修修养，加深对英语国家语言、文化和文学的理解，提高分析判断能力。 2.本课程的教学要求 本课程的基本要求是让学生掌握英美两个典型英语语言国家的历史与社会文化背景、民族特点、当前现状及发展前景。通过本课程的学习，学生除掌握有关英美两国的社会基本构成、文化传统、经济科技发展等基本知识外，同时也提高自身对英文社科类书籍的阅读能力，从而进一步提高自己的英语水平。 在课程的教学过程中，教师也可适当向学生推荐一些反映英美国家文化的优
《英美社会与文化》教学大纲 一、课程的任务和目的： 《英美社会与文化》是介绍英国社会和美国社会方方面面文化知识的一门课程。开设本课的目的在于使学生通过学习，了解英美国家的历史、政治、地理、社会、经济、教育等方面的情况及其文化传统，内容庞杂、信息量大。 培养学生正确分析有关英美等国问题的能力，并能以正确的眼光看待世界上所发生的问题，提高学生对文化差异的敏感性和宽容性，培养学生跨文化交际能力。培养学生成为热爱祖国、热爱社会主义、为国家繁荣发展而奋斗的人才。 同时，通过课文学习和各种实践，达到提高英语水平的目的。通过学习英美文化和中外文化的比较，让学生切身感受到成功的交际仅有语言是远远不够的，文化方面的学习有时所起的作用远远大于语言本身，文化积累必将为英语学习者未来的学习和工作打下坚实的基础。 二、课程主要内容： 主要包括英美两国的政治体制、政府形式、教育制度、新闻媒体、体育运动、节日假日、社会问题、科技成果、著名景区、流行文化等内容，目的在于开阔学生的视野，扩大他们的知识面，并注意借鉴最新研究成果，合理吸收最新知识，进一步增强其实用性。
第四章：英国政府 教学要求：通过教学使学生了解英国君主政体的形成过程和基本特点，议会的形式和职责，首相和内阁的产生过程，当代英国政府的内部构成，宪法和议会的历史由来，英国王室的作用，上下议院各自的职能。 教学重点：君权神授、内战、大宪章、大议会、1689年《权利法案》、内阁、首相、宪法、议会的权利与职能、君主的角色、上议院、下议院。 第六章：英国教育制度 教学要求：通过教学使学生了解英国教育制度历史上的不同发展阶段，当代基础教育制度的特点，高等教育制度的基本情况。 教学重点：英国教育制度的目的、教育与社会阶层的关系、教会对学校的影响、1944年教育法案、综合制中学、语法学校、国家课程、公立学校、GCSE、GCE-A、GNVQs、开放大学。 第九章：英国媒体
英美国家历史与文化答 案 SANY标准化小组 #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
Chapter 1 Land and History 1.Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement.(5 points for each) 1)The following figures were often considered the founding fathers of the American Republic EXCEPT__C_. A.George Washington B. Thomas Jefferson C. Roger Williams D. John Adams 2)The following were some of the characteristics of Puritanism EXCEPT_A_. A. Manifest destiny B. Religious freedom C. Intolerant moralism D. Separation of state and church 3)The 1920s was associated with the following EXCEPT__D. A. Silent movies B. Ku Klux Klan C. Prohibition D. Television 4)Clinton was the second US president to be impeached by the House of Representatives, but retired in the_A_. A. The Senate B.the Supreme Court C. The Department of Justice D. The Federal Reserve 5)Which of the following did not take place in the Nixon administration B A. Vietnamization B. Cuban Missile Crisis C. Watergate Scandal D. Re-establishing US with China. 2.Match the US president with the event that took place in his presidency. (5 points for each) 1)Abraham Lincoln e a. New Deal 2)Franklin D. Roosevelt. a b. Rapid development in IT Industry 3)John F. Kennedy d c. Watergate Scandal 4)Richard Nixon c d. Cuban Missile Crisis 5)Bill Clinton b e. Civil War 3.Translate the English passage into Chinese. When an American says that he loves his country, he means not only that he loves the New England hills, the prairies glistening in the sun, the wide and rising plains, the great mountains, and the sea. He means that he loves an inner air, an inner light in which freedom lives and in which a man can draw the breath of self-respect. 当一个美国人说他热爱他的祖国，他不仅仅意味着他深爱着新英格兰连绵的 山丘，阳光下熠熠生辉的草原，宽阔无边际的平原，巍峨的高山和一望无际的 大海。他真正想表达的是他热爱美国内在的氛围，内在的精神那就是在美国这 片土地上他可以自由的呼吸，有尊严的生活。 Chapter 2 Government and Politics
哈工大 2013 年 春 季学期 大学英语社会与文化试题 (B) Part I True or False Questions (0.5 x 40 = 20 Points ) Directions: Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to what you have learned in the textbook. And write your answers on the Answer Sheet . 01. Most of Australia’s u nique plants and animals are imported form other continents. 02. Keats, Shelley and Byron brought the Romantic Movement to its height 03. Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland. Part II Multiple Choice Questions ( 0.5 x 50 = 25 points ) Directions: Choose the best answer to each statement or question according to the information you have got in the textbook. And Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 01. How many counties are there in Northern Ireland? A. 26 B. 6 C. 32 D. 20 02. Which of the following is NOT an effect of immigration on British society? A. There is now a varied cuisine for people to choose from. B. Class tension has increased. C. New forms of popular music have emerged. D. Different religious beliefs have been practiced actively. 03. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain? A. The University of Cambridge. B. The University of Oxford. C. The University of Edinburgh. D. The University of Buckingham. Part III Filling in the Blanks (0.5 x 60 = 30 Points ) Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer according to the facts that you have learned in the textbook and you can select your answers from the following reference words. And write your answers on the Answer Sheet. 01. Shakespeare’s plays fall into three categories: , comedies and history plays. 02. Comprehensive schools provide a general education from subjects like literature and science to more practical subjects like cooking and carpentry. 03. Britain has one of the world’s oldest established newspaper industries. The Times , which began publishing in 1785, is Britain’s oldest newspaper.
Chapter 1 A General Introduction to Chinese Culture Words and Expressions: the descendants of Yan and Huang 炎黄子孙 porcelain 瓷器 The appellation of China Chinese history began with two legendary figures—Emperor Huang and Emperor Yan, who, together with their tribes, inhabited the drainage area along the middle reaches（中游）of the Yellow River. By the time of Xia Dynasty, after centuries of living side by side, these two tribes had gradually merged into（合并，融合）one. Consequently, the Chinese people usually call themselves “the descendants of Yan and Huang”. People at that time believed that the land they lived on was the center of the world, and called their state the "Middle Kingdom"(中国), thus giving China its country name. China is the appellation of our country given by foreigners. The porcelain china is the transliteration of the place name Changnan(昌南), which was the old name for Jingdezhen（景德镇）. The porcelain made in Changnan was smooth and bright, and earned another name of artificial jade. It became famous both home and abroad and was exported to Europe in large quantities. In Europe, people regarded Changnan porcelain as something precious and delicate and would take pride in possessing one. As time passed, people in Europe forgot the meaning of Changnan and switched the original meaning of porcelain of the word “china” to the place of its origin. Chapter 2 Chinese Philosophy and Religion Part 1 Chinese Thoughts and Philosophy Words and Expressions: Confucianism 儒家 Taoism 道家 The Analects 《论语》 benevolence 仁慈，善行 ritual礼制，仪式，惯例 filial piety 孝，孝心 The Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy
英语国家文化概况试题 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
英语国家文化概况试题 I.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) 1.Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland, and Wales.(T) 2.. Independent schools get money mainly through the private sector and tuition rates, with some government support.(T) 3.Britain is not a member of the NATO due to its disagreement with some European countries in defense policy. (F) 4.Britain has a written constitutions of the sort which most countries have.(F) 5.Conservative party prefers policies that protect individual’s rights.(T) 6.New England was established by English puritans.(T) 7.The US Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government.(T) 8.There are more Catholics than Protestants in the US. (F) 9.Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials. (F) 10.Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be a candidate for public office. (F) II.Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question: 1.Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of
Text 什么是美国的？这已经成为一个经典的问题不仅是美国访问的外国人，更是美国人常常问自己。当美国人感到困惑，或者当他们在危机时，他们问他们是谁，并试图找出什么是美国人的手段。事实上，这个著名的问题时，首先问一个法国人称为J.海克特圣约翰日克雷弗克谁定居在宾夕法尼亚州的18世纪。在1782年，这个法国农民在伦敦出版了一本书，从美国的农民，他所提出的问题，并回答了自己提出的信：“那么，什么是美国，这个新好男人？他要么是欧洲，或子孙欧洲，因此，随着血液中奇妙的混合在一起，你会发现在没有其他国家。我可以向你指出，一个家庭，其祖父是英国人，他的妻子是一位荷兰人，他的儿子娶了一位法国妇女，其目前有4个儿子现在4个不同国家的妻子。他是美国人，谁在他身后留下他的所有古老的偏见和方式，收到他的生活已经接受，他的新政府遵循的新模式新，而新职，他认为。···在这里个人的所有国家都成为一个男人，他们的劳动力和子孙后代新一轮融化总有一天会导致世界。 美国是一个新好男人，原则的行为后，新的巨大变化，他因此必须招待新的想法，和形式·新意见·这是一个美国人。据克雷弗克，在那些日子里，美国有没有考虑到欧洲人的或其后代混血儿，如美洲印第安人和黑人其他民族。今天，美国情况较为复杂。在美国家庭中，有可能是儿子，儿媳或女儿女婿与欧洲后裔或非裔美国人和亚裔移民尽管这些白人混血与其他黑人或亚洲人的家庭占少数。为了理解这一点，美国，让我们回到美国的过去。 A New Land 美国大陆的人居住，作为两个结果长期持续的移民运动，第一个来自亚洲，欧洲和非洲的第二位。第一乐章开始大概25 000年前，当西伯利亚部落，在新的狩猎区或从追求寻求避难的敌人，在越过白令海峡到达阿拉斯加。到1492年，超过10-20万人，误称为居住克里斯托弗哥伦布在美洲，印第安人。他们发展了自己的原住民文化，从原始的部落那些从简单到复杂不等的阿兹特克人，印加人，玛雅人和灿烂的文明。但他们的技术发展已经落后于欧洲和亚洲。 第二迁移到美洲开始与欧洲在16世纪的现代时期的开始扩张。1492年，哥伦布说服西班牙国王和王后为了资助他的航程。他认为，欧洲的帆船从西，他可以达到远东。他没有成功，而是他降落在巴哈马群岛的一个在加勒比海和“发现”新大陆。根据哥伦布发现，西班牙国王可以要求在美洲地区，后来西班牙征服了新的土地，并建立了一个庞大帝国，抓住了印度人的巨大财富。在1497年，另一家意大利水手，谁是约翰卡博特在英国国王的服务在今天抵达加拿大，和英国国王声称，在整个北美地区属于英国。执行这项索赔，英国人开始建立由17世纪初在北美的永久定居点。 Europe in the 16th and 17th
Inspiration about "Society and Culture of English-speaken Countries" I choose "society and culture of English-speaken countries" as my elective this term. Now the course is approaching the ending, I think my elective is meaningful and I acquired a lot from it. At the beginning of the course, the substitute teacher gave us some essential knowledge about Britain. And we got a rough impression about the course.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain) is a sovereign state off the n orth-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of G reat Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller isl ands. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland uses as its n ational flag the royal banner known as the Union Flag or, popularly, Union Jac k. It consists of the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England), edged in white, superimposed on the Cross of St Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), wh ich are superimposed on the Saltire of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland) ."God Save the Queen" (alternatively "God Save the King") is an anthem used in a number of Commonwealth realms and British Crown Dependencies. The words of the song, like its title, are adapted to the gender of the current monar ch, with "King" replacing "Queen", "he" replacing "she", and so forth, when a k ing reigns.The official language is English, and other recognised regional lang uages are Irish, Ulster Scots, Scottish Gaelic, Scots, Welsh, Cornish. After Mr.Sun came back from Britain, we have a broader view of Britain. I have never been to other countyr and Mr.Zhang's introduction and pictures let me know aboout life abroad. Humid avenue,various buildings,exquisite artifact,woody flowerpot and attractive cate...Mr.Zhang showed us a close range Britain by pictures he took.And as a teacher,Mr.Zhang show us a quite different class atmosphere in Britain.The class is more relaxed and active.What's surprise is that our foreigh teacher Ted gave us a impressive class. He let us experience the active class.I asked Ted some questions at the end of the class.To my happyness ,he allowed me to take a photo with him.
The British Educational System As far as we know, there are pre-primary schools, primary schools, secondary schools and university or college. Pre-school education is available (often on a fee-paying basis) for children aged 2 to 4/5 through playgroups and nursery schools. And many of them are private. The emphasis of pre-primary schools is on group work, creative activity and guided play. Two systems of primary and secondary education in Britain: 1. State Schools: 11-year Compulsory Education (5-16), we can know that there is comprehensive school (84%), grammar school (3%) or secondary modern school (7%) from the state primary school. 2. Public schools/Independent schools: there is an only 7% public (independent) school from prep school. What are the main differences between the two? We can find four points. 1. School Funding. In state schools, state funding from central government; supplemented by local finance. And in public schools, funding from tuition fees; endowments or donations from society (esp. alumni to their ammeters). 2. Attendance. There are 93% in state schools, only 7% in the public schools. 3. Teaching Staff and Facilities. Public schools have better teaching staff & facilities. 4. Graduates. Students from the public schools are more promising, e.g. Eton College has educated 20 Prime Ministers, 6 Chancellors of Exchequers, etc. Compulsory education begins at 5 in England, Wales and Scotland and 4 in Northern Ireland. Pupils mainly attend state sector primary schools (co-educational or mixed schools). Infants schools have equal to the first schools (for 2 years from 5). Junior schools (for 4 years to 11). There’s little or no specialist subject teaching and great emphasis is on literacy and numeracy in early years. Compulsory education ends at age 16. At 16, students in England and Wales take GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) examinations involving a final exam, an assessment of work done during the two-year course, or both of these things. Then they can leave school and find a job. Other pupils who decide not to go to university may choose to take vocational training and get the GNVQ (General