2011高考英语阅读理解分类汇编之文化教育类
1.（2011·北京卷）C
Students and Technology in the Classroom
I love my blackberry—it’s my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me .
I also love my laptop computer ，as it holds all of my writing and thoughts .Despite this love of technology ,I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices（设备）and truly communicat with others.
On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas .Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom ,I have a rule —no laptop ,iPads ,phones ,etc .When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy .
Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology . There’s a bit of truth to that. Some students assume that I am anti-techn ology . There’s no truth in that at all . I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.
The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas . I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion .
I’ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create .Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom . I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I h ear a really good reason for the change ,I’m sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.
63.Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with____
A. the course material
B. others’ misuse of technology
C. discussion topics
D. the author’s class regulat ions
64.T he underlined word “engage ”in para.4 probably means ____
A. explore
B. accept
C. change
D. reject
65.According to the author, the use of technology in the classroom may ____
A. keep students from doing independent thinking
B. encourage students to have in-depth conversations
C. help students to better understand complex themes
D. affect students’ concentration on course evaluation
66.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author ____
A. is quite stubborn
B. will give up teaching history
C. will change his teaching plan soon
D. values technology-free dialogues in his class
DAAD
2.（2011·安徽卷）E
George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book, Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise. Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice): “We’ve become so accustomed to noise, there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. But it’s never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace an d satisfaction.”
“We need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear if you merely quiet things down a little. During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art—the spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono(和服)brushing against the floor.”“Deaf people are very attentive(专注的)in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them. If we remove
the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us—of little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking(开裂声). It’s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen. ”
【文章大意】文章介绍了George Prochnik的新著Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise 和他的观点：在喧嚣的世界中创造一方不太纷扰的环境，这个世界会更美好。
72. What does the phrase “to put a sock in it” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. to be quiet
B. to be colorful
C. to be full of love
D. to be attentive to someone
【解析】选A。词义理解题。根据第二段作者的观点Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.可知，作者是推崇的silence, 故选A项。
73. What does Prochnik say about us?
A. We are used to quietness
B. We have to put up with noise
C. We do not think silence to be beneficial
D. We do not believe lasting peace to be available
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段We’ve become so accustomed to noise, there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial和it’s never been more important to find continuing quiet及第三段During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art等句可以判断得出，我们生活在一个喧闹的世界，寂静才是我们的追求，故选择C项。
74. Which of the following is true according to Prochnik?
A. We need more sounds in our lives
B. There is nothing to be learned from the deaf
C. We are not aware how rich the world around us is
D. There is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章末段If we remove the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us.... It’s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen.可知C项正确。A项和作者的观点相反；根据We in the hearing world can learn from them (deaf people)可知B项错误；根据During a Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art可知作者赞赏the smallest sounds，故D
项错误。
75. It can be inferred from the text that .
A. we can benefit a lot from old people
B. it is a good idea to use sign language
C. there is no escape from the world of sound
D. it is possible to find how beautiful things sound
【解析】选D。推理判断题。通读全文可知，尽管我们生活在一个喧闹的世界，作者提倡我们创造一个不太纷扰的环境，果真如此，这个世界是很美好的，据此D项正确。
3.（2011·山东卷）B
Tim Richter and his wife, Linda, had taught for over 30 years near Buffalo, New York--he in computers, she in special education. "Teaching means everything to us," Tim would say. In April1998, he learned he would need a heart operation. It was the kind of news that leads to some serious thinking about life's purpose.
Not long after the surgery, Tim saw a brochure describing Imagination Library, a program started by Dolly Parton' s foundation (基金会) that mailed a book every month to children from birth to age five in the singer's home town of Sevier, Tennessee. “I thought, maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire," Tim recalls. He placed the brochure on his desk, "as a reminder."
Five years later, now retired and with that brochure still on the desk, Tim clicked on imagination library .com. The program had been opened up to partners who could take advantage of book and postage discounts.
The quality of the books was of great concern to the Richters. Rather than sign up online, they went to Dollywood for a look-see. “We didn’t want to give the children rubbish,” says Linda. The books-reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists and Dollywood board members-included classics such as Ezra Jack Keats’s The Snowy Day and newer books like Anna Dewdney’s Llama Llama series.
Satisfied, the couple set up the Richter Family Foundation and got to work. Since 2004, they have shipped more than 12,200 books to preschoolers in their in their area. Megan Williams, a mother of four, is more than appreciative: “This program introduces us to books I’ve never heard of .”The Richters spend about ＄400 a month sending books to 200 children. “Some people sit
there and wait to die,” says Tim. “Others get as busy as they can in the time they have left.”
62.What did Tim want to do after learning about Imagination Library?
A. Give out brochures. B .Do something similar.
C. Write books for children
D. Retire from being a teacher.
63.According to the text, Dollly Parton is .
A. a well-known surgeon
B. a mother of a four-year-old
C. a singer born in Tennessee D .a computer programmer
64.Why did the Richters go to Dollywood?
A. To avoid signing up online.
B. To meet Dollywood board members.
C. To make sure the books were the newest.
D. To see if the books were of good quality.
65.What can we learn from Tim’s words in the last paragraph?
A. He needs more money to help the children.
B. He wonders why some people are so busy.
C. He tries to save those waiting to die.
D. He considers his efforts worthwhile.
【解析】：61-65:ABCDD
【语篇解读】本文讲述了里克特作为教师的一家人在退休后又做出捐献书给儿童的决定，并且为此建立了基金会的事情，而且他们认为这使得他们的人生更为有意义。
36.A。细节理解题。由第一段最后两句话可知是Tim 得病导致他思考生命的意义。
37.B。细节理解题。从第二段Tim说的话中“I could do something like this when we
retire”,知道他打算在退休后做类似的事，是B选项。
38.C。细节理解题。从第二段的第一句话得出Dollly Parton 是singer.
39.D.。细节理解题。从第四段前两句话中得出，“We didn’t want to give the children
rubbish“比喻指我们不想要质量不好的东西。从本段首句主题句中也能得出the
Richters 关心的是书的质量。
40.D。从最后一段Tim的话”有些人坐而等待死亡，而有些人则在他的余生尽可能的
忙碌着“可知，他认为自己做出的事情是值得的有意义的。
4.（2011·上海卷）(A)
The teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.
During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre ____ not just children’s theatre but adult comedies and dramas --- and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.
My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humor, and I’ll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her.
Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication.
A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activities---and it did---but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.
Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favorite niece”. Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted(多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil who has crossed her path.
65. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?
A. She lent her some serious classics.
B. She cultivated her taste for music.
C. She discovered her talent for dancing.
D. She introduced her to adult plays.
66. What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?
A. A book of great fun.
B. A writer of high fame.
C. A serious masterpiece.
D. A heartbreaking play.
67. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ____.
A. develop her capabilities for writing.
B. give her a chance to collect material
C. involve her in teenage social activities
D. offer her a series of writing jobs.
68. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who _____.
A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined
B. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potential
C. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils
D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning
【答案】DAAB
5.（2011·全国II）D
The way we do things round here
Some years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, "Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us." That "quite" saddened me. I thought he was saying "we're kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else." Then I discovered that in American English "quite"sometimes means "very", while in British English it means "fairly".
So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don't
just mean the words people speak. It is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures（文化）．
Some of these differences may be only on the surface一dress, food and hours of work一while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate（气候），while getting on with business. Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality（准时）．If you invite people to a party at 7 o'clock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the American Midwest, an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word "late" because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do
in their own country.
52. The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought______．
A. the American bank didn't think much of him
B. the American bank might hire another person
C. it's difficult to get used to American culture
D. it's easy to misunderstand Americans
53．The word "highlights" in Paragraph 2 probably means_____.
A. encourages
B. helps to narrow
C. increases
D. draws attention to
54. According to the author, what should we do with most cultural differences?
A. Ask the native people for help.
B. Understand and accept them.
C. Do things in our own way.
D. Do in-depth research.
55. When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are______.
A. Italians
B. Germans
C. Greeks
D. the British
【答案】ADBB
6.（2011·四川卷）D
“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particular good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organization decision making. For years March ( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.
He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning :“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.”The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及）serious complications（复杂化），ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.
In one interesting part of book，for example，he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. He says“The more accurately（精确的）reality is
presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”
Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher. March is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding；Don’t pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.
53. According to the text, James March is ____________.
A. a poet who uses experience in his writing
B. a teacher who teachers story writing in university
C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act
D. a professor who helps organizations makes important decisions
54. According to James March, experience ______________.
A. is overvalued
B. is easy to explain
C. should be actively sought
55. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Experience makes stories more accurate.
B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.
C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.
D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.
56. What’s the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book.
B. To describe a researcher.
C. To explain experiential learning.
D. To discuss organizational decision making.
【答案】CABA
7.(2011·辽宁卷)B
59, What do we know from the text about students of a cyberschool?
A. They have to take long bus rides to school.
B. They study at home rather than in classrooms.
C. They receive money from traditional public schools.
D. They do well in traditional school programs.
60. What is a problem with cyberschoois?
A. Their equipment costs a lot of money.
B. They get little support from the state government.
C. It is hard to know students' progress in learning.
D. The students find it hard to make friends.
61. Cyberschools are getting popular became
A. they are less expensive for students
B. their students can work at their own speed
C. their graduates are more successful in society
D. they serve students in a wider age range
62. We can infer that the author of the text is .
A. unprejudiced in his description of cyberschools
B. excited about the future of cyberschools
C. doubtful about the quality of cyberschoois
D. disappointed at the development of cyberschools
【答案】BCBA
8.（2011·福建卷）B
For five days,Edmonton's Downtown Park is transformed into one huge stage where artists are able to share their talents, and where people are able to celebrate and enjoy themselves .Since is beginning in 1980,the Edmonton Folk Music Festival has been commemorating(念）the ture feeling of what folk music is all about and that's the traditional togetherness(友爱）that is felt when people gather to share stories and feelings through song.
This year will be the sixth year when volunteer Riedel will be offering up her time to the festival. "People coming off a busy spring and summer have a moment of relaxation ," Riedel said. "It's really east to relax, and it's great seeing family and friends have fun together." These families and friends come from all different kinds of musical tastes. People who take pleasure in Blues are there, so are people who love Bluegrass. This festival does its best to develop everyone's musical interests.
With so many years of expenence .the festival has become a well-oiled machine, and does whatever it can to make attendees feel as possible. There are free water stations throughout the venue(举办地）for people to fill up their travel cups. When people buy food, reusable ashes are given a $2 plate fee, but that is returned when the plate is brought back.
The festival has completely sold out of tickets, and in record time. But with big names such as Van Morrison and Jakob Dylan, it’s easy to see how that was going to happen. There is no parking area during the festival, so using the Park & Ride system or Edmonton Transit is highly recommended.
A bike lock-up area is provided and will be available Thursday until Sunday one hour before the gates open until 45 minutes after the gates close.
The Edmonton Folk Music Festival begins on Wednesday, Aug.4 with Van Morrison playing the special donation fund （基金）concert, and will finish up on Sunday, Aug.8.
60. The Edmonton Folk Music Festival is held mainly to ___________.
A. gather people with different musical tastes
B. remind people of the real sense of folk music
C. exhibitive good voices of great talents in folk music
D. collect old stories of folk music
61. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Riedel has volunteered for the festival for at least 5years.
B. It’s hard for people to appreciate Blues.
C. It costs people a little to fill up their cups from water stations.
D. People have to pay ﹩2 for a plate of food.
62. We can learn from the passenger that____.
A. people can get tickets easily for the festival
B. the Edmonton Folk Music Festival is highly recommended.
C. driving one’s own car to the festiv al is highly recommended
D. bikes are available at the festival from Wednesday to Sunday
63. What would the best title for the passenger?
A. Folk Music of Blues
B. One Festival Family Gathering
C. Festival for family Gathering
D. Edmonton’s Downtown Park
【答案】60---63BABB
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Gemini Man Gemini Man is a big-budget Hollywood sci-fi-action movie based on an original concept, rather than on a superhero comic or an old TV series, even though this particular original concept is more 20 years old. In it a government assassin (杀手)is being hunted down by his own clone The original script was sold by Darren Lemke to a studio in 1997, and since then almost every male A-listener has been attached as a potential star. Now, at long last, Ang Lee has directed Gemini Man, and Will Smith plays both the veteran assassin and his much younger doppelganger (分身). Jojo Rabbit During World War Two, a 10-year-old German boy (Roman Griffin David) is desperate to be a dutiful Nazi, only to discover that his mother (Scarlett Johansson) is hiding, a Jewish girl (Thomasin McKenzie) in their house. It may not sound like the stuff of a big-hearted comedy but Taika Waititi can make anything warm and funny. As well as writing and directing Jojo Rabbit, Waititi co-stars as the boy's imaginary friend,a nitwitted Adolf Hitler. Doctor Sleep Mike Flanag's new film is adapted from Stephen King, novel, Doctor Sleep, which was a sequel (续集) to The Shining. You can expect to see blood flowing out of lifts in a rapid stream, ghostly twin girls and headache-including carpet patterns. Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy with psychic powers m 1980 film. Now, he is a middle-aged hospital counsellor. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil Here's another chance to see Angelina Jolie. In 2014 she starred in Maleficent, Disney's live-action remake of the Sleeping Beauty cartoon from 1959. The twist was that the eponymous wicked fairy wasn't so wicked, after all, and that the real villain was the father of Princess Aurora (Elle Fanning). The sequel's subtitle promises that Maleficent will actually be evil this time around, her change of heart prompted by Aurora's engagement to handsome prince (Harris Dickinson).（1）What can we learn from this passage? A. Ewan McGregor plays a role in Doctor Sleep. B. Taika Waititi is the main character in Jojo Rabbit. C. Gemini Man is adapted from a 20-yem--old TV series. D. The real wicked character in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil is Aurora. （2）If your friend wants to see a horror movie, which one will you recommend? A. Gemini Man B. Jojo Babbit C. Doctor Sleep D. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil 【答案】（1）A （2）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四部电影。 （1）考查细节理解。根据Doctor Sleep部分中的“Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy w ith psychic powers in 1980 film.”可知Ewan McGregor在电影Doctor Sleep扮演Danny Torrance的角色。故选A。
专题六 数列 第十八讲 数列的综合应用 答案部分 2019年 1.解析：对于B ，令2 104x λ-+=，得12 λ=， 取112a = ，所以211 ,,1022n a a ==
所以54 65109 323232a a a a a a ?>???> ???? ?>??M ，所以6 10432a a ??> ???，所以107291064a > >故A 正确．故选A ． 2.解析：（1）设数列{}n a 的公差为d ，由题意得 11124,333a d a d a d +=+=+， 解得10,2a d ==． 从而* 22,n a n n =-∈N ． 由12,,n n n n n n S b S b S b +++++成等比数列得 () ()()2 12n n n n n n S b S b S b +++=++． 解得()2 121n n n n b S S S d ++= -． 所以2* ,n b n n n =+∈N ． （2 ）*n c n = ==∈N ． 我们用数学归纳法证明． ①当n =1时，c 1=0<2，不等式成立； ②假设() *n k k =∈N 时不等式成立，即12h c c c +++ 经济类高频词 1.accelerate vt （使）加速，增速 例：accelerate the rate of economic growth加速经济增长 派：acceleration n 加速accelerating a 加速的 2.boost vt 提高，推动，使增长n 推动，增长 例：boost the economy推动经济增长 派：booster n 支持者，推动器 3.mushroom vi 迅速成长n 蘑菇 例：sth mushroom …快速成长/增加 4.flourish vi 繁荣，茂盛； vt挥动 例：the nation’s economy will flourish国家经济将繁荣发展 5.thrive vi 兴旺，繁荣 例：The company managed to thrive after a recession经济衰退后该公司设法兴旺起来6.impose vt 把…强加于；征税 考：impose on/upon把…强加于 例：to impose local tax征收地方税 派：imposing a 壮观的，令人难忘的 7.restore vt 恢复，修复；归还，交还 例： restore the economy to full strength完全恢复经济发展 派：restoration n 修复 revive v 使复苏vi 恢复 例：The economy of these areas is beginning to revive这些地方的经济开始复苏 8.soar vi 猛增，高飞；（情绪）高涨 例：Oil prices have soared in recent weeks石油价格最近几周飚升 9.squeeze vt 挤，压榨；n 拮据，紧缺；握手 例：financial squeeze财政困难 10.exceed vt 超过，越出 例：The benefits exceed $10 million利润超过1千万美元 派：exceeding a 超过的；exceedingly ad 非常 2018年全国高考英语语法填空答题技巧及 真题汇编(后附详细答案) (绝对精品素材，提高实战能力，值得下载打印练习) 篇一:语法填空答题技巧 {} 语法填空解题流程 {} 语法填空答题技巧 形式一有提示词类 (一)提供动词类 当设空处提供动词原形，设空处一般考查动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词或词类转化。其解题步骤为： [典例1][2016·全国Ⅰ]But for tourists like me，pandas are its top __61__(attract)． [剖析]考查名词。句意：对于像我一样的游客，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容 词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。故填attraction。 [典例2][2016· 全国Ⅰ]My ambassadorial duties will include __67__(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. [剖析]include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。故填introducing。 全国Ⅱ]Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __63__ [典例3][2016· (be) often acceptable. [剖析]分析句子结构可知，动名词短语Leaving the less...until tomorrow作主语，故63处应为谓语动词且应用单数形式。故填is。 (二)词性转换类 词性转换多以派生词变化为主，如：形容词与副词间的相互转化形容词与名 词间的相互转化；形容词与动词间的相互转化；动词与名词间的相互转化等。其解题步骤为： 全国Ⅰ]The title will be __63__(official)given to me at a [典例1][2016· ceremony in London. [剖析]考查副词。修饰动词应用副词形式。应填officially。 全国Ⅱ]Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a [典例2][2016· real sense of __62__ (achieve)． [剖析]考查名词。介词of后应用名词作宾语。故填achievement。 特别提醒：1.括号中所给词为形容词或副词时，也有可能是考查其比较等级。 [典例1]The__68__(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! [剖析]分析句子结构以及根据句意可知，此处为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，故答案为harder。 2．括号中所给词为名词时，有可能不是考查词性转换，而是考查单复数。 [典例2]．..for most of us the __69__(change) are gradual and require a lot of 高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Mexico sites on an island plateau (高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live there. In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban. Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides. Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases. Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London congestion (拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality. For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air. （1）How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city? A. By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week. B. By forbidding private and public vehicles every Saturday. C. By limiting the number of new cars. D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.（2）What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles? A. Raised the number of public vehicles. B. Offered free bus and subway rides. C. Introduced more travel options. D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city. （3）What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico? A. Alternate-day rules. B. Tax rises. C. Congestion charge. D. The rainy season.（4）What's the best title for the passage? A. Mexico —an Island Plateau B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones D. How to Improve Air Quality 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）D （4）C 2008年高考数学试题分类汇编 圆锥曲线 一． 选择题： 1.（福建卷11)又曲线22 221x y a b ==（a ＞0,b ＞0）的两个焦点为F 1、F 2,若P 为其上一点，且|PF 1|=2|PF 2|,则双曲线离心率的取值范围为B A.(1,3) B.(]1,3 C.(3,+∞) D.[)3,+∞ 2.（海南卷11）已知点P 在抛物线y 2 = 4x 上，那么点P 到点Q （2，－1）的距 离与点P 到抛物线焦点距离之和取得最小值时，点P 的坐标为（ A ） A. （ 4 1 ，－1） B. （4 1 ，1） C. （1，2） D. （1，－2） 3.(湖北卷10)如图所示，“嫦娥一号”探月卫星沿地月转移轨道飞向月球，在月球附近一点P 轨进入以月球球心F 为一个焦点的椭圆轨道Ⅰ绕月飞行，之后卫星在P 点第二次变轨进入仍以F 为一个焦点的椭圆轨道Ⅱ绕月飞行，最终卫星在P 点第三次变轨进入以F 为圆心的圆形轨道Ⅲ绕月飞行，若用12c 和22c 分别表示椭轨道Ⅰ和Ⅱ的焦距，用12a 和 22a 分别表示椭圆轨道Ⅰ和Ⅱ的长轴的长，给出下列式子： ①1122a c a c +=+; ②1122a c a c -=-; ③1212c a a c >; ④11c a ＜22 c a . 其中正确式子的序号是B A. ①③ B. ②③ C. ①④ D. ②④ 4.（湖南卷8）若双曲线22 221x y a b -=（a ＞0,b ＞0）上横坐标为32a 的点到右焦点 的距离大于它到左准线的距离，则双曲线离心率的取值范围是( B ) A.(1,2) B.(2,+∞) C.(1,5) D. (5,+∞) （共12套）三年高考（2015-2017）英语高考英语真题考点分类汇总（语法点真题分类练习） 2017年试题 【2017·江苏】24.The publication of Great Expectations, which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】C 【解析】 【名师点睛】 一、主语从句的主谓一致 单个从句作主语时看做单数，多个从句并列作主语时看做复数。 e. g. What we lack today steel and concrete. what从句作主语，如果主句的表语是复数，主句谓语动词用复数，否则用单数。 e. g. What he wants to get are some books. 二、定语从句的主谓一致 1. 一般情况下，关系代词作从句主语时，从句谓语动词应和先行词在数上保持一致。 2. 集体名词作先行词，被视作一个整体时，关系代词用which，从句谓语用单数；被视 作若干个体的组合时，用who作关系代词，谓语动词用复数；常见的集体名词有：family, audience, class, club, government, union, staff, team, couple, committee, crow, firm, public, orchestra, company等。 3. 先行词是“one of十复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数。 如果先行词是“the right/ just the/ the only/ the very/ exactly the+one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数。 4. 强调句型中，形式主语it后总是接单数is/ was；强调主语时，从句谓语动词与被强调主语部分的数保持 一致。 考点：考查主谓一致 【2017·天津卷】6. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards 【答案】B 【解析】 考点：考查动词语态和主谓一致 2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（70） 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 “Experience may possibly be the best teacher,but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words,but they actually come from James March,a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March(possibly the wisest philosopher of management)has studied how humans think and act,and he continues to do so in his new bookThe Ambiguities of Experience. He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning:“Experience is respected;experience is sought;experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及)serious complications(复杂化),ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book. In one interesting part of the book,for example,he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting,he argues,we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented,the less understandable the story,and the more understandable the stor y,the less realistic it is.” Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher,March is also a poet,and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short,it is demanding:Don’t pick it up lookin g for quick,easy lessons. Rather,be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life. 1. According to the text,James March is. A. a poet who uses experience in his writing B. a teacher who teaches story writing in university C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act D. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions 2. According to James March,experience. A. is overvalued B. is easy to explain C. should be actively sought D. should be highly respected IELTS阅读分类词汇 ===阅读分类词汇===心理theorem 原理，定理v.s. theory methodology 方法论(method) physiology 生理学(physiological) psychiatry 精神病学psychology, psycho, psychosis, psychoanalysis correlation 相互关系correlation coefficient sensation 感觉，知觉(另)轰动sensational perception 感知，认知 intuition 知觉(intuitive) ESP 第六感(Extrasensory Perception) motivate 激励à motivation (^ bonus, commission, …) incentive 激励因素 stimulus 刺激à stimulate, stimulation disorder 紊乱，失调 dysfunction 机能障碍dys(=dis) + function dissonance 不和谐，不一致dis + son(sound) +ance trauma 创伤(traumatic)the trauma caused by Sept. 11 anxiety 焦虑(= anxiousness) depression 沮丧(de + press + ion)~ depressedv.s. repression (压抑) insomnia 失眠 phobia 恐惧(症) suffix: -phobia acrophobia acronym: IELTS, TOEFL… enophobia a fear of foreigners or strangers claustrophobia a fear of being closed in a confined place allergy 过敏(症)，反感( allergic)He is allergic to card playing. propensity Most boys have a propensity of playing with machinery.= tendency, inclination paranoid 偏执的paranoia (偏执狂) 语法填空专练 1 广东高考真题 One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he 1 ( find ) that he had run out of salt.So Nick called to his son, “ Go to the village and buy so salt, but pay a fair price for it; neither too much 2 too little. ” His son looked surprised. “ I can understand why I shouldn 't pa much, Father, but if I can pay less, 3 not save a bit of money? ” “ That would be a very 4 ( reason ) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours, ” Nick said. Nick 'gsu ests, 5 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “ The only reason a man would sell salt 6 a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 7 the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it. ” “But such a small thing couldn 8 't ( possible ) destroy a village. ” “ In the beginning, there was only 9 very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always 10 ( think ) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have 2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（144） （2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。 体裁：记叙文话题：日常生活词数：610时间：8′ I no longer run for the mail the way I used to.I remember, before the e-mail age, the sense of heightened expectation as the hour of mail delivery approached, wondering what slim, handwritten treasures would appear in my box.I once received a letter from a long-lost friend and was filled with such joy that I ran the mail carrier down and shook his hand, as if he had done a heroic deed in conveying the letter to me. Once a day.Six days a week.That was the rhythm.Through snow, rain, heat, and darkness of night.I first learned to love the mail as a young boy.The first thing I ever received that was personally addressed to me was from my friend Duane.We had been the fastest of 9-year-old friends.Then he moved away, to Massachusetts.The parting was difficult, but boys didn't cry. Within the week, however, there was a letter in my mailbox.It was from Duane, and it read, “I'm OK, but I miss you.” That first conveyance to me of a wr itten word from a great distance had all the import of the first Morse code message：“What hath God wrought.” It was at that moment that I became a letter writer, quickly discovering that the more letters I wrote, the more I received. I wrote letters through elementary school, high school, college, and beyond.It got to the point where I could comfortably expect to receive a letter a day.The daily mail delivery was, for me, like a beacon (灯塔) at sea—something toward which my thoughts began to move upon waking.What quickened my blood，of course, was the element of surprise: From whom would the letter be today? And what would the news be？And then，seemingly in the blink of an eye, the earth shifted.E-mail had arrived.Despite being attracted by the new technology, I promised myself that I would never stop writing letters by hand.However, I had no control over the tendency of others, and slowly, coldly, and then with quickened pace, the letters disappeared from my mailbox, having been replaced with electronic “messages” (a totally differe nt beast—in contrast to letters, all e-mails look alike)． And so, like a shipwrecked man filling notes into bottles, tossing them into the waves, and hoping for the best, I continue to write longhand, licking envelopes, sticking stamps, and handing my outgoing mail to the carrier who regards me with a curious eye, as if he is looking at the last member of a species which is dying 历年高考真题遗传类基本题型总结 一、表格形式的试题 1．（2005年）已知果蝇中，灰身与黑身为一对相对性状（显性基因用B表示，隐性基因用b表示）；直毛与分叉毛为一对相对性状（显性基因用F表示，隐性基因用f表示）。两只亲代果蝇杂交得到以下子代类型 请回答： （1）控制灰身与黑身的基因位于；控制直毛与分叉毛的基因位于。 （2）亲代果蝇的表现型为、。 （3）亲代果蝇的基因为、。 （4）子代表现型为灰身直毛的雌蝇中，纯合体与杂合体的比例为。 （5）子代雄蝇中，灰身分叉毛的基因型为、；黑身直毛的基因型为。 2．石刁柏（俗称芦笋，2n=20）号称“蔬菜之王”，属于XY型性别决定植物，雄株产量明显高于雌株。石刁柏种群中抗病和不抗病受基因A 、a控制，窄叶和阔叶受B、b控制。两株石刁柏杂交，子代中各种性状比例如下图所示，请据图分析回答： （1）运用的方法对上述遗传现象进行分析，可判断基因A 、a位于染色体上，基因B、b位于染色体上。 （2）亲代基因型为♀，♂。子代表现型为不抗病阔叶的雌株中，纯合子与杂合子的比例为。 3．（10福建卷）已知桃树中，树体乔化与矮化为一对相对性状(由等位基因D、d控制)，蟠桃果形与圆桃果形为一对相对性状（由等位基因H、h控制），蟠挑对圆桃为显性，下表是桃树两个杂交组合的试验统计数据： （1）根据组别的结果，可判断桃树树体的显性性状为。 （2）甲组的两个亲本基因型分别为。 （3）根据甲组的杂交结果可判断，上述两对相对性状的遗传不遵循自由组台定律。理由是：如果这两对性状的遗传遵循自由组台定律，则甲纽的杂交后代应出现种表现型。比例应为。 4.（11年福建卷）二倍体结球甘蓝的紫色叶对绿色叶为 显性，控制该相对性状的两对等位基因（A、a和B、b）分别位于3号和8号染色体上。下表是纯合甘蓝杂交试验的统计数据： 请回答： （1）结球甘蓝叶性状的有遗传遵循____定律。 （2）表中组合①的两个亲本基因型为____，理论上组合①的F2紫色叶植株中，纯合子所占的比例为_____。 （3）表中组合②的亲本中，紫色叶植株的基因型为____。若组合②的F1与绿色叶甘蓝杂交，理论上后代的表现型及比例为____。 医学类高频词 1.disable vt 使无能力；使残废 2.transplant vt 移植 记：trans（转移）+plant（种植）=移植 派：transplantation n 移植 3.prescribe v 开处方 派：prescription n 处方 4. diagnose vt 诊断、判断 派：diagnosis n 诊断 5. soothe vt 安慰、使平静、减轻、缓和 例：This medicine should smooth your sore throat 这种药会减轻你的喉痛 6. alleviate vt 减轻、缓和、缓解 例：alleviate pain缓解疼痛 7. expire vi 断气、（期限）终止 例：My driving licence expires next month 我的驾照下个月到期 8. chronic a 慢性的 考：chronic diseases慢性疾病 9. dizzy a 头晕目眩的 10.resistant a 有抵抗力的、抵抗的 派：resistance n 抵抗、阻力 11.immune a 免疫的，不受影响的 派：be immune to免于，不受影响的 be immune from免除的 12.disorder n 混乱、失调 例：economic disorder经济 记：dis（否定前缀）+ order（秩序） 13.discomfort n 不适 14.syndrome n 综合症 考：AIDS艾滋病 （Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome） 15.handicap n 缺陷、障碍 派：handicapped a 有缺陷的 派：disabled a 伤残的 16. strain n 拉紧、过劳、扭伤vt 拉伤、使紧张vi 尽力 派：restrained vt 抑制，遏制；管制， 17.surgeon n 外科医生 派：surgery n 外科、外科手术 18.physician n 内科医生 19.pregnancy n 怀孕、怀孕期 派：pregnant a 怀孕的 20.remedy n 治疗法、补救办法 21.bacteria n 细菌 22.stress n 压力英语阅读理解高频词汇(分类整理)
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