1.保险：由卖方按中国人民保险公司海洋货物运输保险条款照发票总值110%投保综合险及战争险。如买方欲增加其他险别或超过上述保额时须于装船前征得卖方同意，所增加的保险费由买方负担。
Insurance:To be covered by the Sellers for 110% of invoice value against All Risks and War Risk as per the relevant Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the People’s Insurance Company of China.If other coverage or an additional insurance amount is required, the Buyers must have the consent of the Sellers before shipment,and the additional premium is to be borne by the Boyers.
2.付款条件：买方应由卖方可接受的银行不可撤销的即期信用证，于装运月份前30天开到卖方并至装运月份后第15天在中国议付有效。
Terms of Payment:The Buyers shall open with a bank acceptable to the Sellers an Irrevocable Sight Letter of Credit to reach the Sellers 30 days before the month of shipment,valid for negotiation in China until the 15th day after the monthe of shipment.
3.不可抗力：如由于不可抗力的原因，致使卖方不能全部或部分装运或延迟装运合同货物时，卖方对于这种不能装运或延迟装运不负有责任。但卖方须用传真或电传通知买方，并须在15天内以航空挂号信件向买方提交事故发生地权威机构出具的证明此类事故的证明书。
Force Majeure:If shipment of the contracted goods is prevented or delayed in whole or in part due to Force Majeure, th e Sellers shall not be liable for non-shipment or late shipment of the goods under this Contract. However,the Sellers shall notify the Buyers by fax or telex and furnish the latter within 15 days by registered airmail with a certificate issued by the competent authourities at the place of occurrence attesting such event or events.
4.仲裁:凡因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有关的一切争议，双方应通过友好协商解决。如果协商不能解决时，应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会根据该会仲裁规则进行仲裁。仲裁的裁决是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。
Arbitration: All disputes arising out of the performance of , or relating to this Contract, shall be settled amicably through negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration in accordance with its arbitration rules. The arbitral award is final and binding upon
both parties.
5.Payment: The Buyers shall open through the Bank of China, Beijing, an irrevocable letter of credit in favour of the Sellers in US Dollars covering the FOB stowed and trimmed value of each shipment payable against receipt by the issuing Bank of the following shipping documents:
(1) A full set (including three copies each of the negotiable and non-negotiable ) of clean on board Bill of Lading or Charter Party Bill of Lading in accordance with the charter party , made out to order, blank endorsed, notifying the China National Foreign Trade Transportation Corporation at the port of destination.
(2) Provisional invoice covering an amount corresponding to the full value of each shipment,weight 1% less than that in B/L. And quality based on 72% Tribasic Phosphate of Lime.
(3)Certificate of quality and weight determination issued by the Sellers at the port of loading.
The Buyers shall open the relative letter of credit latest 20 days before the arrival of the carrying vessel at the port of loading with validity for 90 days from the date of opening.
5.We hereby agree with the drawers, endorsers and bona fide holders of drafts/documents drawn under and in compliance with the terms and conditions of this credit that such drafts/documents will be duly honoured on due presentation.
我们特此同意出票人、背书人和善意持有人和下的汇票/单据符合信用证的条款和条件,这种将承兑汇票/文档表示。
6.According to the ICC Model International Sales Contract (Manufactured Goods for resale),the liquidated damages to be claimed by the Buyer against the seller shall be 0.5% per week with a maximum amount of 5% of the price of the delayed goods in case of delay in delivery or non-delivery of the goods.
根据ICC模型国际销售合同(转售制成品),声称的违约金由买方对卖方应当0.5%每周最多数量的5%的迟延交付的货物的价格,交货延迟或不能交货的货物。
7.claim ( 索赔）的用法
(1) 用作可数名词，表示索赔。写作时，要注意动词的搭配：提出索赔用file，lodge,make, put forward,put in 等，拒绝索赔用reject，放弃索赔用 give up,waive,撤回索赔用withdraw,解决索赔用settle。介词的搭配：向某人提出索赔用against,对某物提出索赔用on,索赔的原因和索赔的金额用for等。例如：
Buyers have lodged a claim against Sellers on this shipment for US$10,000 for short weight 由于短重，买方向卖方对这批船货提出索赔一万美元。
(2) 用作及物动词，表示索赔。例如：
Buyers claim US$900 against Sellers for inferiority of quality.买方因品质低劣向卖方索赔900美元。
8.Privity 共同利益关系
The relationship hereby established between Supplier and Distributor, during the effective period of this Agreement, shall be solely that of Seller and Buyer, and Distributor shall under no circumstances be considered to the agent or legal representative of Supplier for any purpose whatsoever and shall have no right or authority to create or assume any obligation or responsibility of any kind,expressed or implied, in the name of or on behalf of Supplier
特此建立供应商和经销商之间的关系,在本协议的有效期内,应单独买卖,和经销商应当在任何情况下被认为供应商的代理人或法定代表人任何目的并没有权利或权力创建或承担任何义务或责任,表达或暗示的名义或代表供应商。
9.Prohibition of Re-export 禁止出口
Distributor shall sell Products only in Territory and shall not, directly or indirectly, resell or re-export Products to any place or country outside Territory, nor shall resell Products to any other person, firm or corporation in Territory, whom Distributor, to the best of his knowledge and belief, knows and has reason to believe to have the intent to resell or re-export Products to any place or country outside Territory.
经销商销售产品只有在领土和不得直接或间接地转售或再出口产品以外的任何地方或国家的领土,也不可转售产品到任何其他的人,公司或公司的领土,谁的经销商,他的最好的知识和信仰,知道,有理由相信目的转售或再出口产品以外的任何地方或国家的领土。
第四章 为在平等互利的基础上发展贸易，有关方按下列条件签订本协议：This Agreement is entered into between the parties concerned on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to develop business on terms and conditions mutually agreed upon as follows: 1. 订约人Contracting Parties 供货人（以下称甲方）：销售代理人（以下称乙方）： 甲方委托乙方为销售代理人，推销下列商品。 Supplier: （hereinafter called “party A”） Agent:（hereinafter called “party B”） Party A hereby appoint Party B to act as his selling agent to sell the commodity mentioned below. 2. Commodity and Quantity: Party A hereby appoints Party B as its Sole Agent for the sale of …Party B shall undertake to sell the aforesaid commodity not less than 1,000,000m/tons in the duration of this agreement. 甲方委任乙方为某商品的独家销售代理人…乙方保证在协议期间销售上述商品不少于1000000吨。 3.经销地区Territory 只限在.....。In ... only. 4. Confirmation of Orders：The quantities, prices and dates of shipments of the shipment concerning the commodities stated in this Agreement shall be confirmed in each transaction, the particulars of which will be shown in Party A’s S/C. 协议商品的有关数量、价格和装船期，应在逐笔交易中确认，其细节详见甲方销货确认书。 5. 付款Payment
来件装配合同 ABC Electronic Industries Ltd. (hereinafter called Party A) 12/15, Nishi 1-chome, Tokyo, Japan and Guangzhou Electronic Industries, Ltd. (hereinafter called Party B) 5, Beijing Road, Guangzhou, China have mutually agreed that Party A entrusts Party B with the manufacturing of transistor radios in Guangzhou with all necessary parts and components supplied by Party A under the terms and conditions specified as follow: https://www.doczj.com/doc/a59650025.html,modity and Quantities for Assembling https://www.doczj.com/doc/a59650025.html,modity: transistor radios b.Quantity: 500000sets in total 2.Parts and components either to be supplied by Party A or to be purchased in Guangzhou by Party B are as per the list attached. 3.The assembling charge for each model is as follow: a.6-transistor set at US $0.50 each b.8-transistor set at US $0.60 each c.9-transistor set at US $0.65 each d.10-transistor set at US $0.70 each e.11-transistor set at US $0.75 each f.12-transistor set at US $0.80 each g.14-transistor set at US $0.90 each 4. a. The main parts, consumption articles and components required for assembling will be sent in time to Guangzhou by Party A and if there is any shortage of , or damage to these parts and components, Party A shall be responsible for supplying replacement. b.Party A shall pay Party B by opening an irrevocable L/C covering the full amount of assembling charges and costs of parts, consumption articles and components purchased in Guangzhou by Party B, one month before the shipment of the finished products concerned. c.Party B shall complete the manufacturing of all transistor radios and effect shipment within the time mutually agreed unless some unforeseen circumstances beyond control have occurred. 5.The Damage Rate of Parts and Components The damage rate of parts and components in assembling is 3%, and such a rate of loss of parts and components shall be supplied free by Party A. in case of the damage rate exceeds 3%, Party B shall provide at its own expense for the excessive damage to parts and components needed for assembling. 6.Parts and components supplied by Party A for transistor radios shall be assembled by Party B strictly according to the design specified by party A without making alteration. 7.Technical Service Party A agrees to dispatch technicians to Guangzhou to help training technicians of Party B at the request of the latter at any time an allows the said technicians to remain with Party B for inspection of finished products.
合同翻译（做了多年翻译都白翻了） 合同翻译（做了这么久兼职翻译，尼玛终于 找到教程了！源自北外高翻） 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规 定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此
(2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 例2： We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件 参考译文： 特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。 例3： This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as
合同 CONTRACT Contract No./合同编号： Conclusion Date/签订日期： Conclusion Place/签订地点： The Saller卖方： Address:地址： Tel/电话： Fax/传真： The Buyer买方： Address:地址： Tel/电话： Fax/传真： 1. This Contract is made by a nd between the Buyer a nd the Seller; whereby the Buyer agrees to buy a nd the Seller agrees to sell the under mentioned commodities （to be referred to as “goods” hereunder）to the terms a nd conditions stipulated below: 本合同由卖方与买方共同签订，双方同意按照下列条款由卖方出售、买方购进下列货物: 2．Terms of Delivery/价格术语: FOB/CIF/CFR/ . The term FOB/CIF/CFR/ shall be subject to the International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms (INCOTERMS, 2000) provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise stipulated herein. 除非本合同另有规定，价格术语FOB/CIF/CFR/ 应适用国际商会制定的《国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS 2000）》。 3． Country of Origin a nd Manufacturers/原产国和制造厂商 3.1 Country of Origin:
P-10 This Sales Contract is made by and between the Sellers and Buyers whereby the Sellers agree to sell and the Buyers agree to buy the under-mentioned goods according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: （兹经买卖双方同意由卖方出售买方购进下列货物，并按下列条款签订本合同：） (The Sellers are allowed to load 5% more or less and the price shall be calculated according to the unit price.)（卖方可多装或少装5%，价格仍按上述单价计算） 3.Insurance: To be covered by the Sellers for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks & War Risk as per the relevant O cean Marine Cargo Clauses of the People’s Insurance Company of China. If other coverage or an additional amount is required, the Buyers must have the consent of the Sellers before shipment, and the additional premium is to be borne by the Buyers. 保险：由卖方按中国人民保险公司海运输货物条款照发票金额总值110%投保一切险及战争险。如买方欲增加其他险别或超过上述保额时须于装船前征得卖方同意，所增加的保险费由买方负担。 7.Terms and Payment: The Buyers shall open with a bank acceptable to the Sellers an Irrevocable Sight Letter of Credit to reach the Sellers 30 days before the month of shipment, valid for negotiation in China until the 15th day after the month of shipment. 付款条件：买方应由卖方可接受的银行于装运月份前30天开立并送达卖方不可撤销的即期信用证，至装运月份后第15天在中国议付有效. 8. Commodity Inspection: It is mutually agreed that certificate of Quality and Weight issued by the Chinese Import and Export Commodity Inspection Bureau at the port of shipment shall be taken as the basis of delivery. 商品检验：买卖双方同意以装运口岸中国进出口商品检验局签发的品质和重量检验证书作为品质和数量的交货依据. 9.异议和索赔：买方对于装运货物的任何索赔，必须于货到目的港后30天内提出，并须提供经卖方同意的公证机构出具的检验报告，属于保险公司或轮船公司责任范围的索赔，卖方不予受理. Discrepancy and Claim: Any claim by the Buyers on the goods shipped shall be filed within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination and supported by a survey report issued by a public surveyor approved by the Sellers. Claims in respect of matters within the responsibility of the insurance company or of the shipping company will not be considered or entertained by the Sellers. 10不可抗力：如由于不可抗力的原因，致使卖方不能全部或者部分装运或延迟装运合同货物时，卖方对于这种不能装运或延迟装运不负有责任。但卖方须用传真或电传通知买方，并须在15天以内以航空挂号信件向买方提交事故发生地权威机构出具的证明此类事故的证明书。 Force majeure: If shipment of the contracted goods is prevented or delayed in whole or in part due to Force majeure, the Sellers shall not be liable for non-shipment or late shipment of the goods under this contract. However, the sellers shall notify the buyers by fax or telex and furnish the later within 15 days by registered airmail with a certificate issued by the competent authorities at the place of occurrence attesting such event or events. 11.仲裁:凡因执行本合同所发生的或于本合同有关的一切争议，双方应通过友好协商解决。如果协商不能解决时，应提交北京中国国际贸易促进委员会对外经济贸易仲裁委员会根据该会仲裁程序暂行规则进行仲裁。仲裁是终局性的，对双方都有约束力。
引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。 合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此 (2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中
1.Sales Agreement The agreement, (is) made in Beijing this eighth day of August 1993 by ABC Trading Co., Ltd., a Chinese Corporation having its registered office at Beijing, the People’ Repubic of China (hereinafter called “Seller”) and International Trading Co., Ltd., a New York Corporation having its registered office at New York, N.Y., U.S.A. (hereinafter called “Buyer”). 2.WITNESSETH WHEREAS, Seller is engaged in dealing of (product) and desires to sell (product)to Buyer, and WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase(product) from Sellers, Now, THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows: 3.Export Contract th This Contract is entered into this 5 day of August 1993 between ABC and Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Seller”) who agrees to sell, and XYZ Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called “Buyer”) who agrees to buy the following goods on the following terms and condition. 4.Non-Governmental Trading Agreement No. ＿＿ This Agreement was made on the＿day of＿ 19＿, BETWEEN ＿(hereinafter referred to as the Seller) as the one Side and ＿ (hereinafter referred to as the Buyer) as the one other Side. WHEREAS, the
对外经贸英语合同写作 第七章商品包装条款 商品包装是使用适当的材料、容器对商品进行包封、捆扎和装演的活动，具有维护商品质量、保证商品安全、便于储运和装卸、便于计量和点验商品、节省物流和降低物流成本等项职能。在商品贸易中，除少数商品不需要包装，可直接采用散装(bulk cargo,cargo in bulk）、裸装((Nude cargo)形式运输、储存外，绝大多数都需要包装。商品包装是使用适当的材料、容器对商品进行包封、捆扎和装演的活动，具有维护商品质量、保证商品安全、便于储运和装卸、便于计量和点验商品、节省物流和降低物流成本等项职能。在商品贸易中，除少数商品不需要包装，可直接采用散装、裸装形式运输、储存外，绝大多数都需要包装。包装条款（Packing Clause）一般包括包装材料（Packing materials）、包装方式（Packing style）、包装规格（Packing description）、包装标志和包装费用的负担等内容。 包装为达到坚固与耐抗的目的，应符合下列要求①减少漏损(Minimixe the leakage ＆breakage)、②耐抗各种气候(Resist the various climate condition)、③防止偷窃(Protect theft ＆piferage)。 避免出现“包装不良”(Insufficient packing) 一、包装的种类 （一）运输包装（packingfor shipment) 运输包装，又称外包装（outer packing )或大包装(big packing)。主要是用于保护商品，防止货损或货差，便于装卸搬运。运输包装分为单件运输包装和集合运输包装两类。 1.单件运输包装(single packing for shipment) 单件运输包装是指货物在运输过程中作为一个计件单位的包装。按其包装造型的不同，可分为以下几种： 1）箱装。 主要有纸箱包装、木箱包装、塑料箱包装等。箱内一般还衬用防潮纸或塑料薄膜，有时还村有锌箔( Zinclined）或锡箔(Tinlined) 。箱外通常加打包装条或塑料带。 ①箱(Case, box) c/-,c/s, bx, bxs, wooden case ②crate(crs,crts) 板条箱，柳条箱/格子箱，漏孔箱（skeleton case) ③chest(cst, csts) 茶箱 ④carton(crt,crts) 纸箱 2）捆（bale) 3) 袋装(bag) 布袋(sack，sx,sxs)、麻袋(gunny bag)、纸袋(paper bag)、塑料袋(polybag)、塑料编织袋(Plastic woven bag )、纸塑复合袋(paper plastic compound bag) 、多层塑复合袋(multi-layer composite plastic bags)等。 4)桶装(barrel)
中英商务合同翻译中的障碍分析及应对策 略 【摘要】随着中外经贸合作关系日益加强，商务活动也趋于白热化，而商务合同作为开展商务活动的依据与准则，其文本扮演着尤为重要的角色，这就对商务合同翻译提出了极高的要求。本文从中英文商务合同的基本特征出发，从语言、文化、商务背景等三个方面分析了中英商务合同翻译中可能存在的障碍，并探讨了相应的处理方法。 【关键词】商务合同，基本特征，翻译障碍，应对策略 0 引言 商务合同的根本目的在于从法律意义上建立合同语言的权威，从而保障合同参与方的权利与利益，商务合同翻译因而具有非同寻常的意义，其质量评价标准也是极其严格，要求……（补充商务合同翻译的质量标准）。本文从英汉商务合同基本特征的异同出发，尝试分析英汉商务合同翻译中可能存在的障碍，并提出相应的对策。 1 中英商务合同基本特征比较 1.1 中英商务合同的共同特征 （补充一两句话过渡。） 1.1.1 法律效力 合同是平等主题自然人、法人和其他组织所实施的一种民事法律行为，以设立、变更或终止民事权利义务关系为目的和宗旨。因而，无论语言背景如何不同，合同均具有法律效力，中英文商务合同亦不例外。 1.1.2 文体风格
从文体风格来看，中英商务合同的语言均具有正式、严密、规范等特征，体现在措词上，两者均选用最经济、最有效的文字。此外，两类合同均倾向于选用“大词”，即不带有个人感情色彩的正式词语。如“乙方因施工质量的原因导致业主退房、补偿等全部责任、费用及甲方的损失均由乙方承担。”这里表示原因的词用“因”而不用“因为”，则是因为“因为”一词稍显口语化；又如：The sellers shall not be held responsible for the delay in shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeure, which might occur during the process of manufacturing or in the course of adding or transit.这里“因为”一词用due to，而不用owing to或because of，是因为because of口语化较重，而owing to则含感情色彩。 1.1.3 术语运用 （补充一两句话简要介绍为何使用术语）中英文商务合同均常使用专业术语。如不可抗力（force majeure）、装箱单（packing list）、保险范围（insurance coverage）、保单（insurance policy）、通货膨胀（inflation）、偷税人（tax dodger）、复利（compound interest）等。合同还常使用法律术语，如违约（breach）、重大过失（gross negligence）、故意行为（willful conduct）等。 1.1.4 情态动词运用 为彰显商务合同的效力，合同文本中常出现情态动词。如应当（shall），可（could）等。（补充说明为何使用情态动词。） 1.1.5模糊词运用 （补充说明什么是模糊词以及合同中为何使用模糊词）中英商务合同中都使用模糊词从侧面体现了商务合同的适应性，如汉语里的“材料优质”、“环境恶劣”等英语里的within reasonable a time（在合理的时间内），serious dereliction（严重失职）等词。 1.2 中英商务合同的不同特征 （补充一两句话过渡。） 1.2.1 同义词连用 英语商务合同里常用同义词连用，而汉语商务合同则是同词性词的并列使
常见英文合同翻译与详解
引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。 合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。 一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。 语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and co mpletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other s um as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manne r prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此 (2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 例2： We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correc t and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provi de documentary proof upon your request. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件 参考译文： 特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，
中文摘要 在国际经济贸易活动中，商务合同是一种重要的法律文件依据,商贸英语已成为必不可少的语言交际工具,它也是英文经济贸易合同的基点。越来越多的英语和法律的爱好者也希望能尽快熟悉合同英语，从而准确理解，翻译、制作英语合同。这种需求随着中国加入WTO （世界贸易组织）而剧增，用英语解决商务合同问题的愿望也会随之越来越迫切。国际商务合同的种类繁多，涉及面广，内容复杂。这类合同都是涉外交易性质，需要英汉两种版本，因此大多需要翻译。商务合同有其自身的特点，即条理性、规范性和专业性。商务合同对翻译的质量提出很高的要求，也增加了其难度。本文用大量的例句，对商务合同英语的准确性、严谨性、规范性及翻译技巧与内容的完善还有翻译中常见错误、成因及其对策等作了全面分析和论述，并分析其翻译方面所应注意的问题。 关键词：国际商务合同；翻译；原则；准确性；严谨性；规范性 ON THE TRANSLATION OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS CONTRACTS Abstract In the activities of international business trade, business contract has become an important legal document. Nowadays, business English has become not only a necessary tool for communication, but also the base of English business contracts. More and more English-learners and law-majors hope they can know something about English business contracts so as to understand them correctly, translate them exactly and make them perfectly. China’s entering the WTO enhances their desire to use English to solve the problems of business contracts. There are many different kinds of international business contracts, whose contents are diversified and complicated. In international trade, translation is compulsory since contracts usually need two versions: English and Chinese. The international business contract has its own characters, such as proper arrangement, standardization and specialty. All these make the translation of them very difficult and thus demand good skills to ensure a high quality. This article analyzes the preciseness, strictness and standardization of business contracts and explores the skills of translating them by citing many examples. It also points out some common translation errors, the reasons and the methods to correct the errors. Finally some advice is given to call readers attention to the problems in translation. Key words: international business contract; translation; principle; preciseness; strictness; standardization 一、前言 在世界经济阔步迈向21 世纪的今天，国际经济贸易活动日益频繁，改革的中国正积极投身于国际经济贸易活动中。在这一全球贸易过程中商贸英语已成为必不可少的语言交际工具,它也是英文经济贸易合同的基点。在当今社会经济生活中，公民、法人和其他组织有时候会直接遇到等待签署的英语合同。对律师、法律顾问等法律专业人士来说，实际工作中会遇到需要审查和修改的英语合同，有时候会遇到要求其拿出中文合同的英文翻译稿，甚至要求直接用英语草拟英文合同的情形。越来越多的英语和法律的爱好者也希望能尽快熟悉合同的英语，准确理解，翻译、制作英语合同的真功夫。这种需求随着中国加入WTO（世界贸易组织）而剧增，用英语解决商务合同问题的愿望也会随之越来越迫切。 合同，也叫契约。“契”，即意思相投或相合，“约”是用语言或文字互定共守的条件。合同的意思是愿意订立共同遵守的条件、合作共事。《中华人民共和国民法通则》第85条规定：“合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议”（A contract shall be an agreement whereby the parties establish,change,terminate their civil relationship）。而国际
一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹 用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。 语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。 注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此 (2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款 例2： We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correct and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provide documentary proof upon your request. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知 （3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明 （4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中 （5）documentary proof：证明文件 参考译文： 特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。 例3： This Contract is hereby made and concluded by and between Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party A) and Co. (hereinafter referred to as Party B) on (Date), in (Place), China, on the principle of equality and mutual benefit and through amicable consultation. 注释： （1）hereby：特此 （2）hereinafter referred to as Party A：以下称甲方 （3）on the principle of equality and mutual benefit：在平等互利基础上