2008-14动名词高考真题

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）文科数学第Ⅰ卷（共60分）参考公式：锥体的体积公式：13V Sh =，其中S 是锥体的底面积，h 是锥体的高．球的表面积公式：24πS R =，其中R 是球的半径． 如果事件A B ，互斥，那么()()()P A B P A P B +=+一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的． 1．满足{}1234M a a a a ⊆，，，，且{}{}12312M a a a a a = ，，，的集合M 的个数是（ ） A ．1B ．2C ．3D ．42．设z 的共轭复数是z ，若4z z +=，8z z = ，则z z等于（ ）A ．iB ．i -C ．1±D ．i ±3．函数ππln cos 22y x x ⎛⎫=-<<⎪⎝⎭的图象是（ ）4．给出命题：若函数()y f x =是幂函数，则函数()y f x =的图象不过第四象限．在它的逆命题、否命题、逆否命题三个命题中，真命题的个数是（ ） A ．3 B ．2 C ．1 D ．05．设函数2211()21x x f x x x x ⎧-⎪=⎨+->⎪⎩，，，，≤则1(2)f f ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的值为（ ） A ．1516B ．2716-C ．89D ．186．右图是一个几何体的三视图，根据图中数据， 可得该几何体的表面积是（ ） A ．9π B ．10πC ．11πD ．12π 7．不等式252(1)x x +-≥的解集是（ ）A ．132⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦，B ．132⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦， C ．(]11132⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭，，D ．(]11132⎡⎫-⎪⎢⎣⎭，，xxA ．B ．C ．D ．俯视图 正(主)视图 侧(左)视图8．已知a b c ，，为A B C △的三个内角A B C ，，的对边，向量1)(cos sin )A A =-=，，m n ．若⊥m n ，且cos cos sin a B b A c C +=，则角A B ，的大小分别为（ ）A ．ππ63， B ．2ππ36， C ．ππ36， D ．ππ33， 9．从某项综合能力测试中抽取100人的成绩，统计如表，则这100人成绩的标准差为（ ）A ．B ．5C ．3D ．8510．已知πcos sin 6αα⎛⎫-+= ⎪⎝⎭7πsin 6α⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的值是（ ）A ．5-B ．5C ．45- D ．4511．若圆C 的半径为1，圆心在第一象限，且与直线430x y -=和x 轴相切，则该圆的标准方程是（ ） A ．227(3)13x y ⎛⎫-+-= ⎪⎝⎭B ．22(2)(1)1x y -+-=C ．22(1)(3)1x y -+-=D ．223(1)12x y ⎛⎫-+-= ⎪⎝⎭12．已知函数()log (21)(01)xa f xb a a =+->≠，的图象如图所示，则a b ，满足的关系是（ ）A ．101a b -<<< B ．101b a -<<<C ．101ba -<<<- D ．1101ab --<<<第Ⅱ卷（共90二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分．13．已知圆22:6480C x y x y +--+=．以圆C 与坐标轴的交点分别作为双曲线的一个焦点和顶点，则适合上述条件的双曲线的标准方程为 ． 14．执行右边的程序框图，若0.8p =， 则输出的n =．15．已知2(3)4log 3233xf x =+，则8(2)(4)(8)(2)f f f f ++++ 的 值等于 ．x16．设x y ，满足约束条件20510000x y x y x y ⎧-+⎪--⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩，，，，≥≤≥≥则2z x y =+的最大值为 ． 三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共74分． 17．（本小题满分12分）已知函数())cos()f x x x ωϕωϕ=+-+（0πϕ<<，0ω>）为偶函数，且函数()y f x =图象的两相邻对称轴间的距离为π2．（Ⅰ）求π8f ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的值； （Ⅱ）将函数()y f x =的图象向右平移π6个单位后，得到函数()y g x =的图象，求()g x 的单调递减区间．18．（本小题满分12分）现有8名奥运会志愿者，其中志愿者123A A A ，，通晓日语，123B B B ，，通晓俄语，12C C ，通晓韩语．从中选出通晓日语、俄语和韩语的志愿者各1名，组成一个小组． （Ⅰ）求1A 被选中的概率；（Ⅱ）求1B 和1C 不全被选中的概率． 19．（本小题满分12分）如图，在四棱锥P A B C D -中，平面P A D ⊥平面A B C D ，AB D C ∥，P A D △是等边三角形，已知28B D A D ==，2AB D C ==（Ⅰ）设M 是P C 上的一点，证明：平面M B D ⊥平面PAD ； （Ⅱ）求四棱锥P A B C D -的体积． 20．（本小题满分12分）将数列{}n a 中的所有项按每一行比上一行多一项的规则排成如下数表：1a 2a 3a 4a 5a 6a 7a 8a 9a 10aABCMPD记表中的第一列数1247a a a a ，，，，构成的数列为{}n b ，111b a ==．n S 为数列{}n b 的前n 项和，且满足221(2)n n n nb n b S S=-≥．（Ⅰ）证明数列1n S ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭成等差数列，并求数列{}n b 的通项公式；（Ⅱ）上表中，若从第三行起，第一行中的数按从左到右的顺序均构成等比数列，且公比为同一个正数．当81491a =-时，求上表中第(3)k k ≥行所有项的和．21．（本小题满分12分）设函数2132()x f x x e ax bx -=++，已知2x =-和1x =为()f x 的极值点． （Ⅰ）求a 和b 的值； （Ⅱ）讨论()f x 的单调性； （Ⅲ）设322()3g x x x =-，试比较()f x 与()g x 的大小．22．（本小题满分14分）已知曲线11(0)x y C a b a b+=>>：所围成的封闭图形的面积为曲线1C3记2C 为以曲线1C 与坐标轴的交点为顶点的椭圆． （Ⅰ）求椭圆2C 的标准方程；（Ⅱ）设A B 是过椭圆2C 中心的任意弦，l 是线段A B 的垂直平分线．M 是l 上异于椭圆中心的点． （1）若M O OA λ=（O 为坐标原点），当点A 在椭圆2C 上运动时，求点M 的轨迹方程； （2）若M 是l 与椭圆2C 的交点，求A M B △的面积的最小值．2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）文科数学（答案）一、选择题 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．D8．C9．B10．C11．B12．A二、填空题 13．221412xy-= 14．4 15．2008 16．11三、解答题17．解：（Ⅰ）())cos()f x x x ωϕωϕ=+-+12sin()cos()22x x ωϕωϕ⎤=+-+⎥⎣⎦π2sin 6x ωϕ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭．因为()f x 为偶函数，所以对x ∈R ，()()f x f x -=恒成立，因此ππsin()sin 66x x ωϕωϕ⎛⎫-+-=+- ⎪⎝⎭． 即ππππsin cos cos sin sin cos cos sin 6666x x x x ωϕωϕωϕωϕ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫--+-=-+- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭， 整理得πsin cos 06x ωϕ⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭． 因为0ω>，且x ∈R ， 所以πcos 06ϕ⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭． 又因为0πϕ<<， 故ππ62ϕ-=．所以π()2sin 2cos 2f x x x ωω⎛⎫=+= ⎪⎝⎭． 由题意得2ππ22ω= ，所以2ω=． 故()2cos 2f x x =．因此ππ2cos 84f ⎛⎫==⎪⎝⎭（Ⅱ）将()f x 的图象向右平移π6个单位后，得到π6f x ⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭的图象， 所以πππ()2cos 22cos 2663g x f x x x ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-=-=- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦． 当π2π22ππ3k x k -+≤≤（k ∈Z ）， 即π2πππ63k x k ++≤≤（k ∈Z ）时，()g x 单调递减，因此()g x 的单调递减区间为π2πππ63k k ⎡⎤++⎢⎥⎣⎦，（k ∈Z ）． 18．解：（Ⅰ）从8人中选出日语、俄语和韩语志愿者各1名，其一切可能的结果组成的基本事件空间Ω={111112121()()()A B C A B C A B C ，，，，，，，，，122131()()A B C A B C ，，，，，， 132()A B C ，，，211212221()()()A B C A B C A B C ，，，，，，，，，222()A B C ，，， 231()A B C ，，，232()A B C ，，，311312321()()()A B C A B C A B C ，，，，，，，，， 322331332()()()A B C A B C A B C ，，，，，，，，}由18个基本事件组成．由于每一个基本事件被抽取的机会均等，因此这些基本事件的发生是等可能的． 用M 表示“1A 恰被选中”这一事件，则M ={111112121()()()A B C A B C A B C ，，，，，，，，， 122131132()()()A B C A B C A B C ，，，，，，，，}事件M 由6个基本事件组成， 因而61()183P M ==．（Ⅱ）用N 表示“11B C ，不全被选中”这一事件，则其对立事件N 表示“11B C ，全被选中”这一事件，由于N ={111211311()()()A B C A B C A B C ，，，，，，，，}，事件N 有3个基本事件组成， 所以31()186P N ==，由对立事件的概率公式得15()1()166P N P N =-=-=．19．（Ⅰ）证明：在ABD △中， 由于4AD =，8B D =，AB = 所以222AD BD AB +=．故AD BD ⊥．又平面P A D ⊥平面A B C D ，平面PAD 平面A B C D A D =，ABCM PD OBD ⊂平面A B C D ，所以B D ⊥平面PAD ， 又BD ⊂平面M BD ， 故平面M B D ⊥平面PAD ．（Ⅱ）解：过P 作P O A D ⊥交A D 于O ， 由于平面P A D ⊥平面A B C D ， 所以P O ⊥平面A B C D ．因此P O 为四棱锥P A B C D -的高， 又P A D △是边长为4的等边三角形．因此42PO ==在底面四边形A B C D 中，A B D C ∥，2A B D C =，所以四边形A B C D 是梯形，在R t AD B △中，斜边A B5=此即为梯形A B C D 的高， 所以四边形A B C D的面积为2425S ==．故1243P A B C D V -=⨯⨯=20．（Ⅰ）证明：由已知，当2n ≥时，221n n n nb b S S =-，又12n n S b b b =+++ ， 所以1212()1()n n n n n nS S S S S S ---=--，即112()1n n n n S S S S ---=-，所以11112nn S S --=，又1111S b a ===．所以数列1n S ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭是首项为1，公差为12的等差数列．由上可知1111(1)22n n n S +=+-=，即21n S n =+．所以当2n ≥时，12221(1)n n n b S S n nn n -=-=-=-++．因此1122(1)n n b n n n =⎧⎪=⎨-⎪+⎩， ，，．≥ （Ⅱ）解：设上表中从第三行起，每行的公比都为q ，且0q >． 因为12131212782⨯+++== ，所以表中第1行至第12行共含有数列{}n a 的前78项， 故81a 在表中第13行第三列， 因此28113491a b q ==- ．又1321314b =-⨯，所以2q =．记表中第(3)k k ≥行所有项的和为S ，则(1)2(12)2(12)(3)1(1)12(1)kkkk b q S k qk k k k --==-=--+-+ ≥．21．解：（Ⅰ）因为122()e (2)32x f x x x ax bx -'=+++1e(2)(32)x x x x ax b -=+++，又2x =-和1x =为()f x 的极值点，所以(2)(1)0f f ''-==，因此6203320a b a b -+=⎧⎨++=⎩，，解方程组得13a =-，1b =-． （Ⅱ）因为13a =-，1b =-，所以1()(2)(e 1)x f x x x -'=+-，令()0f x '=，解得12x =-，20x =，31x =． 因为当(2)x ∈-∞-，(01) ，时，()0f x '<； 当(20)(1)x ∈-+∞ ，，时，()0f x '>． 所以()f x 在(20)-，和(1)+∞，上是单调递增的； 在(2)-∞-，和(01)，上是单调递减的．（Ⅲ）由（Ⅰ）可知21321()e 3x f x x x x -=--，故21321()()e (e )x x f x g x x x x x ---=-=-， 令1()e x h x x -=-， 则1()e 1x h x -'=-． 令()0h x '=，得1x =，因为(]1x ∈-∞，时，()0h x '≤， 所以()h x 在(]1x ∈-∞，上单调递减． 故(]1x ∈-∞，时，()(1)0h x h =≥； 因为[)1x ∈+∞，时，()0h x '≥， 所以()h x 在[)1x ∈+∞，上单调递增． 故[)1x ∈+∞，时，()(1)0h x h =≥． 所以对任意()x ∈-∞+∞，，恒有()0h x ≥，又20x ≥，因此()()0f x g x -≥，故对任意()x ∈-∞+∞，，恒有()()f x g x ≥． 22．解：（Ⅰ）由题意得23ab ⎧=⎪⎨=．又0a b >>， 解得25a =，24b =．因此所求椭圆的标准方程为22154xy+=．（Ⅱ）（1）假设A B 所在的直线斜率存在且不为零，设A B 所在直线方程为(0)y kx k =≠，()A A A x y ，．解方程组22154x y y kx ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=⎩，，得222045A x k =+，2222045A k y k =+， 所以22222222202020(1)454545A Akk OA x y kkk+=+=+=+++．设()M x y ，，由题意知(0)M O OA λλ=≠，所以222M O OA λ=，即2222220(1)45k x y kλ++=+，因为l 是A B 的垂直平分线， 所以直线l 的方程为1y x k =-，即x k y=-，因此22222222222220120()4545x y x y x y x y x yλλ⎛⎫+ ⎪+⎝⎭+==++ ， 又220x y +≠， 所以2225420x y λ+=， 故22245xyλ+=．又当0k =或不存在时，上式仍然成立． 综上所述，M 的轨迹方程为222(0)45xyλλ+=≠．（2）当k 存在且0k ≠时，由（1）得222045Ax k=+，2222045Aky k=+，由221541x yy x k ⎧+=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩，，解得2222054M k x k =+，222054M y k =+， 所以2222220(1)45A Ak OA x y k+=+=+，222280(1)445k ABOAk+==+，22220(1)54k OMk+=+．解法一：由于22214A MB S A B O M= △2222180(1)20(1)44554k k kk++=⨯⨯++2222400(1)(45)(54)k k k +=++22222400(1)45542k k k +⎛⎫+++ ⎪⎝⎭≥ 222221600(1)4081(1)9k k +⎛⎫== ⎪+⎝⎭，当且仅当224554k k +=+时等号成立，即1k =±时等号成立，此时A M B △面积的最小值是409A M B S =△． 当0k =，140229A M B S =⨯=>△． 当k不存在时，140429A M B S =⨯=>△． 综上所述，A M B △的面积的最小值为409． 解法二：因为222222111120(1)20(1)4554k k O A O M k k+=+++++2224554920(1)20k k k +++==+， 又22112O A O M O A O M + ≥，409O A O M ≥， 当且仅当224554k k +=+时等号成立，即1k =±时等号成立， 此时A M B △面积的最小值是409A M B S =△． 当0k =，140229A M B S =⨯=>△． 当k不存在时，140429A M B S =⨯=>△． 综上所述，A M B △的面积的最小值为409．。

动名词检测练习1） Mark often attempts to escape ____ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A）having been fined B） to have been fined C） to be fined D） being fined 2）I really appreciate ____ to help me， but I am sure that I can manage by myself.A） you to offer B） that you offer C） your offering D） that you are offering3）The thief took away the woman’s wallet without____。

A） being seen B） seeing C） him seeing D） seeing him4） No one can avoid ____ by advertisements。

A） to be influenced B） being influenced C） influencing D）having influenced5） They are considering ____ before the prices go up。

A） of buying the house B） with buying the houseC） buying the house D） to buy the house6） If I had remembered ____ the door, the things would not have been stolen。

A） to lock B） locking C） to have locked D）shavingslocked 7）My transistor radio isn‘t working。

非谓语动词高考题（2014 安徽卷）27 ．My good performance in the job interview left me _ about my future and ab out what I can do here. A. puzzled B. sensitive C. optimistic D. embarrassed（2014 安徽卷）32 ．While waiting for the opportunity to get , Henry did his best to perform his duty. A. promote B. promoted C. promoting D. to promote（2014 山东卷）6. There is a note pinned to the door _ when the shop will open again.A. sayingB. saysC. saidD. having said（2014 山东卷）9. It ' s standard practice for a company like this one ____ a security officer.A. employedB. being employedC. to employD. employs（2014 北京卷）25. Last night, there were millions of people _ the opening ceremony live on TV.A. watchB. to watchC. watchedD. watching （2014 北京卷）28. There are still many problems ____________________________________ before we are ready for a long stay onthe Moon.A. solvingB. solvedC. being solvedD. to be solved（2014 北京卷）35. The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without _.A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. having recognizedD. having been recognized（2014 福建卷）27. __ the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.A. SpendingB. SpentC. Having spentD. To spend（2014 福建卷）30. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying .A. connectedB. connectingC. to connectD. to be connected（2014 湖南卷）21.Children ，when ____ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.A. to be accompaniedB. to accompanyC. accompanyingD. accompanied（2014 湖南卷）23. __ your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.A. UnderstandingB. To be understoodC. Being understoodD. Having understood（2014 湖南卷）27. There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _____ at the night sky.A. to stareB. staringC. staredD. having stared（2014 湖南卷）35. _ ourselves from the physical and mental tensions ，we each need deep thought and inner quietness.A. Having freedB. FreedC. To freeD. Freeing（2014 江苏卷）29. His lecture , a lively question-and-answer session followed.A. being givenB. having givenC. to be givenD. having been given（2014 江西卷）26. When it comes to _ in public , no one can match him .A. speakB. speakingC. being spokenD. be spoken（2014 江西卷）31. _ nearly all our money, we couldn ' t afford to stay at a hotel.A. Having spentB. To spentC. SpentD. To have spent（2014 江西卷）34. He is thought _ foolishly .Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job .A. to actB. to have actedC. actingD. having acted（2014 全国大纲卷）23. Toady there are more airplanes _ more people than ever before in the skies.A. carryB. carryingC. carriedD. to be carrying（2014 陕西卷）12. It ' s quite hot today. Do you feel like ____ for a swim?A. to goB. going C go D. having gone（2014 陕西卷）20. _ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several timesA. Working outB. Worked outC. To work outD. Work out（2014 四川卷）5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ after great effort.A. having developedB. to developC. developedD. develop（2014 四川卷）7. —I hope to take the computer course.—Good idea. ___ more about it, visit this website.A. To find outB. Finding outC. To be finding out C. Having found out（2014 天津卷）5. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ it didn ' t fiAt.. to find B. found C. finding D. having found（2014 天津卷）7. Clearly and thoughtfully _ , the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. A. writing B. to write C. written D. being written（2014 浙江卷）14. Amie Salmon, disable, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse to guard her.A. to appointB. appointingC. appointedD. having appointed（2014 重庆卷）5. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ____ to our shop for quality problems. A. returning B. returned C. to return D. to be returned（2014 重庆卷）11. Group activities will be organized after class ____ children develop team spirit. A. helping B. having helped C. helped D. to help1.【 2013 陕西 13】 Let those in need __ that we will go all out to help them.A. to understandB. understandC. understandingD. understood2【. 2013 陕西 14】 The witnesses _ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.A. questionedB. being questionedC. to be questionedD. having questioned3. __________________________________________________________ 【 2013 重庆 34】 The engine just won't start. Something seems ________________________ wrong with it.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone4. ______________________________________________________________ 【 2013 重庆 30】 When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, __________________ me stories till I fell asleep.A. having toldB. tellingC. toldD. to tell5. _________ 【 2013 辽宁 28】 Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail for her.A. waitedB. to waitC. waitingD. was waiting6. ________________________________ 【 2013 福建 32】Anyone, once positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medicaltreatment from our government.A. to be testedB. being testedC. testedD. to test7. 【 2013 福建 22】 _____ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly toemergencies. A. KnownB. Having knownC. KnowingD. Being known 8【. 2013 湖南 31】 ____ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.A. StayingB. StayedC. To stayD. Stay9.【 2013 湖南 29】You cannot accept an opinion ____ to you unless it is based on facts.bigger ones later on.A. not treatedB. not being treatedC. not to be treatedD. not have been treated 12.【 2013 浙江 7】 ____ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.14【. 2013 江苏 31 】Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and __ to ruins, the city took on a new look.A. reducingB. reducedC. being reducedD. having reduced 15.【2013 江苏 24】 Lionel Messi, ____ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, isconsidered the most talented football player in Europe.A. setB. settingC. to setD. having set16【. 2013 新课标 I 卷 35】The sunlight is white and blinding, __ hard-edged shadows on the ground.A. throwingB. being thrownC. to throwD. to be thrownA. offeringB. to offerC. having offeredD. offered 10.【2013 湖南 25】The sun began to rise in the sky, the mountain in golden light. A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed 11.【2013 浙江 19】There are some health problems that, when D. have bathed intime, can become A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing 13.【2013 江西 34】If to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.A. askedB. to askC. askingD. having asked17【. 2013 新课标I 卷28】The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by thepolice ______ .A .not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not18【. 2013 新课标I 卷22】They might just have a place __ on the writing course —why don't you give it a try?A. leaveB. leftC. leavingD. to leave19.【2013 新课标II 卷5】I got to the office earlier that day, ________ the 7:30 train from PaddingtonA. caughtB. to have caughtC. to catchD. having caught20【. 2013 安徽32 】_ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrenof art.A. To foundB. FoundingC. FoundedD. Having founded2014．CBACD 。

2008年-2014年高考真题分类整理答案2008二、选择题：。

14.C15.AC16.B17.D18.B19.D20.AB21.BC14．C 【解析】本题考查了左手定则的应用。

导线a 在c 处产生的磁场方向由安培定则可判断，即垂直ac 向左，同理导线b 在c 处产生的磁场方向垂直bc 向下，则由平行四边形定则，过c 点的合场方向平行于ab ，根据左手定则可判断导线c 受到的安培力垂直ab 边，指向左边。

15．AC 【解析】本题考查电路的串并联知识。

当cd 端短路时，R 2与R 3并联电阻为30Ω后与R 1串联，ab 间等效电阻为40Ω，A 对；若ab 端短路时，R 1与R 2并联电阻为8Ω后与R 3串联，cd 间等效电阻为128Ω，B 错；但ab 两端接通测试电源时，电阻R 2未接入电路，cd 两端的电压即为R 3的电压，为U cd = 4050×100V=80V ，C 对；但cd 两端接通测试电源时，电阻R 1未接入电路，ab 两端电压即为R 3的电压，为U ab = 40160×100V=25V ，D 错。

16．B 【解析】本题考查右手定则的应用。

根据右手定则，可判断PQ 作为电源，Q 端电势高，在PQcd 回路中，电流为逆时针方向，即流过R 的电流为由c 到d ，在电阻r 的回路中，电流为顺时针方向，即流过r 的电流为由b 到a 。

当然也可以用楞次定律，通过回路的磁通量的变化判断电流方向。

17．D 【解析】本题考查追击相遇问题。

在t 1时刻如果甲车没有追上乙车，以后就不可能追上了，故t ′ ＜t ，A 错；从图像中甲、乙与坐标轴围成的面积即对应的位移看，甲在t 1时间内运动的位移比乙的多S ，当t ′ =0.5t 时，甲的面积比乙的面积多出34S ，即相距d =34S ，选项D 正确。

此类问题要抓住图像的交点的物理意义，过了这个时刻，不能相遇以后不可能相遇，即“过了这个村就没这个店”。

2008----2014 年高考语文语音汇集2014年高考语文字音1.全国大纲卷下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是“千门万户瞳瞳日，总把新桃换日符。

”贴春联是中国人过年时的一项传统民俗活动。

人们通常在除夕这天，将写好的春联贴于门上。

春联的字数可多可少，但上下联必须构成对仗，如四言联“春安夏泰, 秋稔（r 引）冬祥”，六言联“冬尽梅花点点，□口□□口□” 。

春联寓意吉祥，言简意赅（g a ）,深受人们喜爱。

春联是仅在春节这一特定时节张贴的对联，而对联还有其他种类，如婚联、寿联、挽联，以及为园 林建筑 甲 （题写/题签）的楹.（y ing ）联等。

对联的撰.写，往往注重其 乙 （蕴涵/内涵）与品位。

尤其是名联佳对，文辞讲究，意蕴丰富， 丙（吟咏/涵咏）起来银银 上口，齿颊 留香。

对联或镌（j m ）刻或书写，楷行隶篆，其中不乏艺术精品。

文中加点字的注音和字形都不正确..的一项是（2分）A. 秋稔（r 引）冬祥 意蕴B. 楹（y mg ）联 齿颊留香C. 言简意赅.（g a ） 撰写D.镌（j m ）刻 银银上口3.天津卷下列词语中加点字的读音，完全正确的一组是 A .缜（zh en ）密 商榷（qu e ） 和（hu o ）稀泥 揆情度（du o ）理 B . 取缔（t i ） 木讷(n e) 档（d eng ）案袋 疾风劲（j in ）草 C . 栖(q i) 息 挟（xi a ）持 白炽（ch i ）灯 戎马倥偬（z eng ） D . 葳蕤(ru i) 豢（hu cn ）养软着（zhu 6）陆扣人心弦 （xu a ）4.山东卷下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都不相同的一项是 A . 湛蓝/斟酌 崛起/倔脾气 提防/醍醐灌顶 B.跻身/犄角 女红/彩虹桥 沟壑/豁然开朗 C . 毛坯/胚芽蒜臺/跆拳道 拙劣/咄咄逼人 D . 劲敌/浸渍 咆哮/酵母菌 着陆/着手成春 5.安徽卷下面词语中加点的字，每对读音完全相同的一组是（3 分）A . 蓓蕾/烘焙 拾级/拾麦穗 箪食壶浆/殚精竭虑 B. 倚重/旖旎 禅趣/ 口头禅 卷帙浩繁/秩序井然 C.毗邻/聆听 包扎/扎辫子 济世安民/光风霁月 D . 翡翠/斐然 开拓/拓荒者 物产丰饶/百折不挠6.浙江卷下列词语中，加点字的注音全都正确的一项是A .摭(zh 1) 拾 哄(h eng )笑 擎（qm ）天柱 钻（zu m ）木取火B .屏(b ing ) 息 包扌L ( zh a) 夹（ji a ）克衫 言之凿（z a o ）凿C .孱(c cn ) 弱牌坊(f ong )干（gm ）细胞 铩（sh a ）羽而归 D.吟哦（e ）皲（j m ）裂胳（g a ）肢窝蜚（f 百）声中外A. 龃齬（y u ）B. 倜傥（t ong ）C.感喟（ku i ）D.霰弹（xi cn ）2.北京卷阅读下面的文字，完成系鞋带（x i ） 纤维素（xi a n ） 揭疮疤（chu mg ） 涮羊肉（shu m ）1〜4题。

2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）文科数学第Ⅰ卷（共60分）参考公式：锥体的体积公式：13V Sh =，其中S 是锥体的底面积，h 是锥体的高．球的表面积公式：24πS R =，其中R 是球的半径． 如果事件A B ，互斥，那么()()()P A B P A P B +=+一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的． 1．满足{}1234M a a a a ⊆，，，，且{}{}12312M a a a a a = ，，，的集合M 的个数是（ ） A ．1B ．2C ．3D ．42．设z 的共轭复数是z ，若4z z +=，8z z = ，则z z等于（ ）A ．iB ．i -C ．1±D ．i ±3．函数ππln cos 22y x x ⎛⎫=-<<⎪⎝⎭的图象是（ ）4．给出命题：若函数()y f x =是幂函数，则函数()y f x =的图象不过第四象限．在它的逆命题、否命题、逆否命题三个命题中，真命题的个数是（ ） A ．3 B ．2 C ．1 D ．05．设函数2211()21x x f x x x x ⎧-⎪=⎨+->⎪⎩，，，，≤则1(2)f f ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的值为（ ） A ．1516B ．2716-C ．89D ．186．右图是一个几何体的三视图，根据图中数据， 可得该几何体的表面积是（ ） A ．9π B ．10πC ．11πD ．12π 7．不等式252(1)x x +-≥的解集是（ ）A ．132⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦，B ．132⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦， C ．(]11132⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭，，D ．(]11132⎡⎫-⎪⎢⎣⎭，，xxA ．B ．C ．D ．俯视图 正(主)视图 侧(左)视图8．已知a b c ，，为A B C △的三个内角A B C ，，的对边，向量1)(cos sin )A A =-=，，m n ．若⊥m n ，且cos cos sin a B b A c C +=，则角A B ，的大小分别为（ ）A ．ππ63， B ．2ππ36， C ．ππ36， D ．ππ33， 9．从某项综合能力测试中抽取100人的成绩，统计如表，则这100人成绩的标准差为（ ）A ．B ．5C ．3D ．8510．已知πcos sin 6αα⎛⎫-+= ⎪⎝⎭7πsin 6α⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的值是（ ）A ．5-B ．5C ．45- D ．4511．若圆C 的半径为1，圆心在第一象限，且与直线430x y -=和x 轴相切，则该圆的标准方程是（ ） A ．227(3)13x y ⎛⎫-+-= ⎪⎝⎭B ．22(2)(1)1x y -+-=C ．22(1)(3)1x y -+-=D ．223(1)12x y ⎛⎫-+-= ⎪⎝⎭12．已知函数()log (21)(01)xa f xb a a =+->≠，的图象如图所示，则a b ，满足的关系是（ ）A ．101a b -<<< B ．101b a -<<<C ．101ba -<<<- D ．1101ab --<<<第Ⅱ卷（共90二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分．13．已知圆22:6480C x y x y +--+=．以圆C 与坐标轴的交点分别作为双曲线的一个焦点和顶点，则适合上述条件的双曲线的标准方程为 ． 14．执行右边的程序框图，若0.8p =， 则输出的n =．15．已知2(3)4log 3233xf x =+，则8(2)(4)(8)(2)f f f f ++++ 的 值等于 ．x16．设x y ，满足约束条件20510000x y x y x y ⎧-+⎪--⎪⎨⎪⎪⎩，，，，≥≤≥≥则2z x y =+的最大值为 ． 三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共74分． 17．（本小题满分12分）已知函数())cos()f x x x ωϕωϕ=+-+（0πϕ<<，0ω>）为偶函数，且函数()y f x =图象的两相邻对称轴间的距离为π2．（Ⅰ）求π8f ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的值； （Ⅱ）将函数()y f x =的图象向右平移π6个单位后，得到函数()y g x =的图象，求()g x 的单调递减区间．18．（本小题满分12分）现有8名奥运会志愿者，其中志愿者123A A A ，，通晓日语，123B B B ，，通晓俄语，12C C ，通晓韩语．从中选出通晓日语、俄语和韩语的志愿者各1名，组成一个小组． （Ⅰ）求1A 被选中的概率；（Ⅱ）求1B 和1C 不全被选中的概率． 19．（本小题满分12分）如图，在四棱锥P A B C D -中，平面P A D ⊥平面A B C D ，AB D C ∥，P A D △是等边三角形，已知28B D A D ==，2AB D C ==（Ⅰ）设M 是P C 上的一点，证明：平面M B D ⊥平面PAD ； （Ⅱ）求四棱锥P A B C D -的体积． 20．（本小题满分12分）将数列{}n a 中的所有项按每一行比上一行多一项的规则排成如下数表：1a 2a 3a 4a 5a 6a 7a 8a 9a 10aABCMPD记表中的第一列数1247a a a a ，，，，构成的数列为{}n b ，111b a ==．n S 为数列{}n b 的前n 项和，且满足221(2)n n n nb n b S S=-≥．（Ⅰ）证明数列1n S ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭成等差数列，并求数列{}n b 的通项公式；（Ⅱ）上表中，若从第三行起，第一行中的数按从左到右的顺序均构成等比数列，且公比为同一个正数．当81491a =-时，求上表中第(3)k k ≥行所有项的和．21．（本小题满分12分）设函数2132()x f x x e ax bx -=++，已知2x =-和1x =为()f x 的极值点． （Ⅰ）求a 和b 的值； （Ⅱ）讨论()f x 的单调性； （Ⅲ）设322()3g x x x =-，试比较()f x 与()g x 的大小．22．（本小题满分14分）已知曲线11(0)x y C a b a b+=>>：所围成的封闭图形的面积为曲线1C3记2C 为以曲线1C 与坐标轴的交点为顶点的椭圆． （Ⅰ）求椭圆2C 的标准方程；（Ⅱ）设A B 是过椭圆2C 中心的任意弦，l 是线段A B 的垂直平分线．M 是l 上异于椭圆中心的点． （1）若M O OA λ=（O 为坐标原点），当点A 在椭圆2C 上运动时，求点M 的轨迹方程； （2）若M 是l 与椭圆2C 的交点，求A M B △的面积的最小值．2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）文科数学（答案）一、选择题 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．D8．C9．B10．C11．B12．A二、填空题 13．221412xy-= 14．4 15．2008 16．11三、解答题17．解：（Ⅰ）())cos()f x x x ωϕωϕ=+-+12sin()cos()22x x ωϕωϕ⎤=+-+⎥⎣⎦π2sin 6x ωϕ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭．因为()f x 为偶函数，所以对x ∈R ，()()f x f x -=恒成立，因此ππsin()sin 66x x ωϕωϕ⎛⎫-+-=+- ⎪⎝⎭． 即ππππsin cos cos sin sin cos cos sin 6666x x x x ωϕωϕωϕωϕ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫--+-=-+- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭， 整理得πsin cos 06x ωϕ⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭． 因为0ω>，且x ∈R ， 所以πcos 06ϕ⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭． 又因为0πϕ<<， 故ππ62ϕ-=．所以π()2sin 2cos 2f x x x ωω⎛⎫=+= ⎪⎝⎭． 由题意得2ππ22ω= ，所以2ω=． 故()2cos 2f x x =．因此ππ2cos 84f ⎛⎫==⎪⎝⎭（Ⅱ）将()f x 的图象向右平移π6个单位后，得到π6f x ⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭的图象， 所以πππ()2cos 22cos 2663g x f x x x ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=-=-=- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦． 当π2π22ππ3k x k -+≤≤（k ∈Z ）， 即π2πππ63k x k ++≤≤（k ∈Z ）时，()g x 单调递减，因此()g x 的单调递减区间为π2πππ63k k ⎡⎤++⎢⎥⎣⎦，（k ∈Z ）． 18．解：（Ⅰ）从8人中选出日语、俄语和韩语志愿者各1名，其一切可能的结果组成的基本事件空间Ω={111112121()()()A B C A B C A B C ，，，，，，，，，122131()()A B C A B C ，，，，，， 132()A B C ，，，211212221()()()A B C A B C A B C ，，，，，，，，，222()A B C ，，， 231()A B C ，，，232()A B C ，，，311312321()()()A B C A B C A B C ，，，，，，，，， 322331332()()()A B C A B C A B C ，，，，，，，，}由18个基本事件组成．由于每一个基本事件被抽取的机会均等，因此这些基本事件的发生是等可能的． 用M 表示“1A 恰被选中”这一事件，则M ={111112121()()()A B C A B C A B C ，，，，，，，，， 122131132()()()A B C A B C A B C ，，，，，，，，}事件M 由6个基本事件组成， 因而61()183P M ==．（Ⅱ）用N 表示“11B C ，不全被选中”这一事件，则其对立事件N 表示“11B C ，全被选中”这一事件，由于N ={111211311()()()A B C A B C A B C ，，，，，，，，}，事件N 有3个基本事件组成， 所以31()186P N ==，由对立事件的概率公式得15()1()166P N P N =-=-=．19．（Ⅰ）证明：在ABD △中， 由于4AD =，8B D =，AB = 所以222AD BD AB +=．故AD BD ⊥．又平面P A D ⊥平面A B C D ，平面PAD 平面A B C D A D =，ABCM PD OBD ⊂平面A B C D ，所以B D ⊥平面PAD ， 又BD ⊂平面M BD ， 故平面M B D ⊥平面PAD ．（Ⅱ）解：过P 作P O A D ⊥交A D 于O ， 由于平面P A D ⊥平面A B C D ， 所以P O ⊥平面A B C D ．因此P O 为四棱锥P A B C D -的高， 又P A D △是边长为4的等边三角形．因此42PO ==在底面四边形A B C D 中，A B D C ∥，2A B D C =，所以四边形A B C D 是梯形，在R t AD B △中，斜边A B5=此即为梯形A B C D 的高， 所以四边形A B C D的面积为2425S ==．故1243P A B C D V -=⨯⨯=20．（Ⅰ）证明：由已知，当2n ≥时，221n n n nb b S S =-，又12n n S b b b =+++ ， 所以1212()1()n n n n n nS S S S S S ---=--，即112()1n n n n S S S S ---=-，所以11112nn S S --=，又1111S b a ===．所以数列1n S ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭是首项为1，公差为12的等差数列．由上可知1111(1)22n n n S +=+-=，即21n S n =+．所以当2n ≥时，12221(1)n n n b S S n nn n -=-=-=-++．因此1122(1)n n b n n n =⎧⎪=⎨-⎪+⎩， ，，．≥ （Ⅱ）解：设上表中从第三行起，每行的公比都为q ，且0q >． 因为12131212782⨯+++== ，所以表中第1行至第12行共含有数列{}n a 的前78项， 故81a 在表中第13行第三列， 因此28113491a b q ==- ．又1321314b =-⨯，所以2q =．记表中第(3)k k ≥行所有项的和为S ，则(1)2(12)2(12)(3)1(1)12(1)kkkk b q S k qk k k k --==-=--+-+ ≥．21．解：（Ⅰ）因为122()e (2)32x f x x x ax bx -'=+++1e(2)(32)x x x x ax b -=+++，又2x =-和1x =为()f x 的极值点，所以(2)(1)0f f ''-==，因此6203320a b a b -+=⎧⎨++=⎩，，解方程组得13a =-，1b =-． （Ⅱ）因为13a =-，1b =-，所以1()(2)(e 1)x f x x x -'=+-，令()0f x '=，解得12x =-，20x =，31x =． 因为当(2)x ∈-∞-，(01) ，时，()0f x '<； 当(20)(1)x ∈-+∞ ，，时，()0f x '>． 所以()f x 在(20)-，和(1)+∞，上是单调递增的； 在(2)-∞-，和(01)，上是单调递减的．（Ⅲ）由（Ⅰ）可知21321()e 3x f x x x x -=--，故21321()()e (e )x x f x g x x x x x ---=-=-， 令1()e x h x x -=-， 则1()e 1x h x -'=-． 令()0h x '=，得1x =，因为(]1x ∈-∞，时，()0h x '≤， 所以()h x 在(]1x ∈-∞，上单调递减． 故(]1x ∈-∞，时，()(1)0h x h =≥； 因为[)1x ∈+∞，时，()0h x '≥， 所以()h x 在[)1x ∈+∞，上单调递增． 故[)1x ∈+∞，时，()(1)0h x h =≥． 所以对任意()x ∈-∞+∞，，恒有()0h x ≥，又20x ≥，因此()()0f x g x -≥，故对任意()x ∈-∞+∞，，恒有()()f x g x ≥． 22．解：（Ⅰ）由题意得23ab ⎧=⎪⎨=．又0a b >>， 解得25a =，24b =．因此所求椭圆的标准方程为22154xy+=．（Ⅱ）（1）假设A B 所在的直线斜率存在且不为零，设A B 所在直线方程为(0)y kx k =≠，()A A A x y ，．解方程组22154x y y kx ⎧+=⎪⎨⎪=⎩，，得222045A x k =+，2222045A k y k =+， 所以22222222202020(1)454545A Akk OA x y kkk+=+=+=+++．设()M x y ，，由题意知(0)M O OA λλ=≠，所以222M O OA λ=，即2222220(1)45k x y kλ++=+，因为l 是A B 的垂直平分线， 所以直线l 的方程为1y x k =-，即x k y=-，因此22222222222220120()4545x y x y x y x y x yλλ⎛⎫+ ⎪+⎝⎭+==++ ， 又220x y +≠， 所以2225420x y λ+=， 故22245xyλ+=．又当0k =或不存在时，上式仍然成立． 综上所述，M 的轨迹方程为222(0)45xyλλ+=≠．（2）当k 存在且0k ≠时，由（1）得222045Ax k=+，2222045Aky k=+，由221541x yy x k ⎧+=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩，，解得2222054M k x k =+，222054M y k =+， 所以2222220(1)45A Ak OA x y k+=+=+，222280(1)445k ABOAk+==+，22220(1)54k OMk+=+．解法一：由于22214A MB S A B O M= △2222180(1)20(1)44554k k kk++=⨯⨯++2222400(1)(45)(54)k k k +=++22222400(1)45542k k k +⎛⎫+++ ⎪⎝⎭≥ 222221600(1)4081(1)9k k +⎛⎫== ⎪+⎝⎭，当且仅当224554k k +=+时等号成立，即1k =±时等号成立，此时A M B △面积的最小值是409A M B S =△． 当0k =，140229A M B S =⨯=>△． 当k不存在时，140429A M B S =⨯=>△． 综上所述，A M B △的面积的最小值为409． 解法二：因为222222111120(1)20(1)4554k k O A O M k k+=+++++2224554920(1)20k k k +++==+， 又22112O A O M O A O M + ≥，409O A O M ≥， 当且仅当224554k k +=+时等号成立，即1k =±时等号成立， 此时A M B △面积的最小值是409A M B S =△． 当0k =，140229A M B S =⨯=>△． 当k不存在时，140429A M B S =⨯=>△． 综上所述，A M B △的面积的最小值为409．。

绝密★启用前2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）数 学（理工农医类）本试卷共4面，满分150分，考试时间120分钟★祝考试顺利★注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘巾在答题卡上指定位置。

2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔将答题卡上，对应题目的答案标号涂写，如写改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，答在试题卷上无效。

3. 非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字夂答在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。

4. 考试结束，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

一、选择题：本次题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1. 设a =(1,-2),b =(-3,4),c =(3,2),则(a +2b )·c =A.(-15,12)B.0C.-3D.-112. 若非空集合A ,B ,C 满足A ∪B=C ，且B 不是A 的子集，则A.“x ∈C ”是“x ∈A ”的充分条件但不是必要条件B. “x ∈C ”是“x ∈A ”的必要条件但不是充分条件C. “x ∈C ”是“x ∈A ”的充分条件D. “x ∈C ”是“x ∈A ”的充分条件也不是“x ∈A ”必要条件3. 用与球心距离为1的平面去截球，所得的截面面积为π，则球的休积为 A.38π B. 328π C.π28 D. 332π 4. 函数f (x )=)4323(1122+--++-x x x x n x 的定义域为A.(- ∞,-4)［∪2,+ ∞］B.(-4,0) ∪(0,1)C. ［-4,0］∪（0，1）］D. ［－4，0∪（0，1）5.将函数y=3sin （x -θ）的图象F 按向量（3π，3）平移得到图象F ′,若F ′的一条对称轴是直线x=4π,则θ的一个可能取值是 A.π125 B. π125- C. π1211 D. π1211 6.将5名志愿者分配到3个不同的奥运场馆参加接待工作，每个场馆至少分配一名志愿者的方案种数为A.540B.300C.180D.1507.若f(x)=21ln(2)2x b x -++∞在(-1,+)上是减函数，则b 的取值范围是 A.[-1，+∞] B.（-1，+∞） C.（-∞，-1） D.（-∞，-1）8.已知m ∈N*,a,b ∈R ，若0(1)lim m x x a b x→++=,则a ·b = A ．-m B ．m C ．-1 D ．19.过点A （11，2）作圆22241640x y x y ++--=的弦，其中弦长为整数的共有A.16条B.17条C.32条D.34条10.如图所示，“嫦娥一号”探月卫星沿地月转移轨道飞向月球，在月球附近一点P 轨进入以月球球心F 为一个焦点的椭圆轨道I 绕月飞行，之后卫星在P 点第二次变轨进入仍以F 为一个焦点的椭圆轨道Ⅱ绕月飞行，最终卫星在P 点第三次变轨进入以F 为圆心的圆形轨道Ⅲ绕月飞行，若用2c 1和2c 2分别表示椭轨道Ⅰ和Ⅱ的焦距，用2a 1和2a 2分别表示椭圆轨道Ⅰ和Ⅱ的长轴的长，给出下列式子：①a 1+c 1=a 2+c 2;②a 1-c 1=a 2-c 2;③c 1a 2＞a 1c 1;④31c c ＜22c a . 其中正确式子的序号是A.①③B.②③C.①④D.②④二、填空题：本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分.把答案填在答题卡相应位置上.11.设z 1=z 1-z 1(其中z 1表示z 1的共轭复数)，已知z 2的实部是-1，则z 2的虚部为 .12．在△ABC 中，三个角A ，B ，C 的对边边长分别为a=3,b=4,c=6,则bc cosA+ca cosB+ab cosC 的值为 .13.已知函数f(x)=x 2+2x+a,f(bx)=9x-6x +2,其中x ∈R ，a ,b 为常数，则方程f (ax+b )=0的解集为 .14.已知函数f(x)=2x ,等差数列{a x }的公差为2.若f(a 2+a 4+a b +a 2+a 1)=4,则Log 2[f(a 1)·f(a 2)·f(a)·…·f(a 10)]= .15.观察下列等式：2122213222111,22111,326111,424n i n i n i i nn i n n n i n n n ====+=++=++∑∑∑ 444311111,52330n i in n n n ==++-∑ 24,(1)(321),3n n n n a n b a n +-=--+ ……………………………………212112101,n k k k k k k k k k i ia n a n a n a n a n a +--+--==++++⋅⋅⋅++∑可以推测，当x ≥2（k ∈N*）时，1111,,12k k k a a a k +-===+ a k -2= .三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共75分，解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤.16.（本小题满分12分）已知函数f (t17()cos (sin )sin (cos ),(,).12g x x f x x f x x ππ=+∈ （Ⅰ）将函数g(x )化简成Asin(ωx +φ)+B （A ＞0，ω＞0，φ∈[0，2π]）的形式；（Ⅱ）求函数g(x )的值域.17.（本小题满分12分）袋中有20个大小相同的球，其中记上0号的有10个，记上n 号的有n 个（n =1,2,3,4）.现从袋中任取一球.ξ表示所取球的标号.（Ⅰ）求ξ的分布列，期望和方差；（Ⅱ）若η=a ξ-b ,E η=1,D η=11,试求a,b 的值.18.（本小题满分12分）如图，在直三棱柱ABC-A 1B 1C 1中，平面ABC ⊥侧面A 1ABB 1.（Ⅰ）求证：AB ⊥BC ；（Ⅱ）若直线AC 与平面A 1BC 所成的角为θ,二面角A 1-BC-A 的大小为φ的大小关系，并予以证明.19.（本小题满分13分）如图，在以点O 为圆心，|AB|=4为直径的半圆ADB 中，OD ⊥AB ，P 是半圆弧上一点， ∠POB=30°，曲线C 是满足||MA|-|MB||为定值的动点M 的轨迹，且曲线C 过点P.（Ⅰ）建立适当的平面直角坐标系，求曲线C 的方程；（Ⅱ）设过点D 的直线l 与曲线C 相交于不同的两点E 、F.若△OEF 的面积不小于．．．l 斜率的取值范围.20.(本小题满分12分)水库的蓄水量随时间而变化，现用t 表示时间，以月为单位，年初为起点，根据历年数据，某水库的蓄水量（单位：亿立方米）关于t 的近似函数关系式为V （t ）=12(1440)50,010,4(10)(341)50,1012.x t t e t t t t ⎧⎪-+-+≤⎨⎪--+≤⎩（Ⅰ）该水库的蓄求量小于50的时期称为枯水期.以i-1＜t ＜t 表示第1月份（i=1,2,…,12）,同一年内哪几个月份是枯水期？（Ⅱ）求一年内该水库的最大蓄水量（取e=2.7计算）.21.(本小题满分14分)已知数列{a n}和{b n}满足：a1=λ,a n+1=24,(1)(321),3nn n na nb a n+-=--+其中λ为实数，n为正整数.（Ⅰ）对任意实数λ，证明数列{a n}不是等比数列；（Ⅱ）试判断数列{b n}是否为等比数列，并证明你的结论；（Ⅲ）设0＜a＜b,S n为数列{b n}的前n项和.是否存在实数λ，使得对任意正整数n，都有a＜S n＜b?若存在，求λ的取值范围；若不存在，说明理由.2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）数学（理工农医类）一、选择题：本次题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.5. 设(1,2)a =-,(3,4)b =-,(3,2)c =则(2)a b c +=A.(15,12)-B.0C.3-D.11-解：2(1,2)2(3,4)(5,6)a b +=-+-=-，(2)(5,6)(3,2)3a b c +=-⋅=- ，选C6. 若非空集合,,A B C 满足A B C = ，且B 不是A 的子集，则A. “x C ∈”是“x A ∈”的充分条件但不是必要条件B. “x C ∈”是“x A ∈”的必要条件但不是充分条件C. “x C ∈”是“x A ∈”的充要条件D. “x C ∈”既不是“x A ∈”的充分条件也不是“x A ∈”必要条件解：x A x C ∈⇒∈,但是x C x A ∈⇒∈不能, 所以B 正确。

2009英语分类汇编----动词时态和语态动词时态和语态在高考中的考查重点：1.对下列十种时态的考查：一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去完成时将来完成时过去将来时2.既考查时态又考查语态；3.考查动词的及物与不及物；4.考查主动形式表示被动意义；5.考查动词词组在被动语态中的介词问题；6.对被动语态习惯句型的考查。

2008年时态语态〖08全国Ⅰ〗—Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time?—Yes, since she________the Chinese Society.A.has joinedB.joinsC.had joinedD.joined〖答案〗D〖考点〗考查动词时态。

〖解析〗since用作连词, 引导时间状语从句时, 从句中谓语动词常用一般过去时。

〖08全国Ⅰ〗The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front________to arrive.A.is expectedB.is expectingC.expectsD.will be expected〖答案〗A〖考点〗本题考查时态和语态。

〖解析〗“冷锋被预计要到来”是指现在“预料”而不是明天, 故用一般现在时的被动语态。

〖08全国Ⅱ〗If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic.But it________all day.A.rainedB.rainsC.has rainedD.is raining〖答案〗A〖考点〗考查一般过去时的用法。

〖解析〗本题的精妙之处在于用一个虚拟语气if...had been better, ...could have had...。

〖08全国Ⅱ〗The director had her assistant________some hot dogs for the meeting.A.picked upB.picks upC.pick upD.picking up〖答案〗C〖考点〗考查have sb. do sth.结构。

2012年全国高考模拟参考部分2008年全国各地20套高考卷分类汇编单项选择语法一．动词时态和语态（全国I卷）27. —Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?—Y es, since she ______ the Chinese Society.A. has joinedB. joinsC. had joinedD. joined（全国I卷）29. The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front ______ to arrive.A. is expectedB. is expectingC. expectsD. will be expected（安徽卷）22. -----Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?-----Y es, I did. Y ou know, my brother ________ in the match.A. is playingB. was playingC. has playedD. had played（安徽卷）33. I like these English songs and they ________many times on the radio.A. taughtB. have taughtC. are taughtD. have been taught（福建卷）25. So far this year we ______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.A. sawB. seeC. had seenD. have seen（湖南卷）32. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother _____ on the phone all the time!A.was talkingB. has been talkingC. has talkedD. talked（湖南卷）35. — Do you have any problems if you ______ this job?—Well, I’m thinking about the salary….A. offerB. will offerC. are offeredD. will be offered（江苏卷）33. —I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.—I think so. He ______ for it for months.A. is preparingB. was preparingC. had been preparingD. has been preparing（山东卷）25. By the time he realizes he ______ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.A. walksB. walkedC. has walkedD. had walked（江西卷）32. – Do you think we should accept that offer?-- Y es, we should, for we ___such bad luck up till now, and time __ out.A. have had; is runningB. had; is runningC. have; has been runD. have had; has been run（辽宁卷）23. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ______ each other for years.A. knewB. have knownC. have knownD. know（辽宁卷）29. —Have you got any job offers?—No. I ______.A. waitedB. had been waitingC. have waitedD. am waiting(全国II)11. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it ____ all day.A. rainedB. rainsC. has rainedD. is raining（陕西卷）6. The moment I got home, I found I _________ my jacket on the playground.A. had leftB. leftC. have leftD. was leaving(全国II)14. If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increaseB. have been increasingC. have increasedD. would be increasing（陕西卷）15. –Did you go to the show last night?–Y eah. Every boy and girl in the area _________ invitedA. wereB. have beenC. has beenD. was（陕西卷）17. Though we don’t know what discussed, yet we can feel the topic____________ .A. had changedB. will changeC. was changedD. has been changed(四川卷)7. The telephone _______, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped.A. had rungB. was ringingC. ringsD. has rung（浙江卷）5. I don’t believe you’ve already finished read ing the book — I ______it to you this morning!A. would lendB. was lendingC. had lentD. lent（浙江卷）7. –What’s that noise?–Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______.A. was testedB. will be testedC. is being testedD. has been tested（北京卷）22. —Have you read book called Waiting for Anya?—Who _______ it?A. writesB. has writtenC. wroteD. had written（北京卷）27. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ____ in many worse hotels.A .was staying B, stayed C. would stay D. had stayed（北京卷）29. No decision about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.A. will be madeB. is madeC. is being madeD. has been made（天津卷）14. He _____ football regularly for many years when he was young.A. was playingB. playedC. has playedD. had played（重庆卷）23. Judy is going to marry the sailor she __ in Rome last year.A. meetsB. metC. has metD. would meet（重庆卷）31. He __ as a national hero for winning the first gold metal for his country in the Olympics.A. regardedB. was regardedC. has regardedD. had been regarded（重庆卷）35. Teenagers __ their health because they play computer games too much.A. have damagedB. are damagingC. damagedD. will damage(上海卷)28. Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?Terry? Never! She ___ tents and fresh air!A. has hatedB. hatedC. will hateD. hates(上海卷)32. In recent years many football clubs ___ as business to make a profit.A. have runB. have been runC. had been runD. will run二．非谓语动词（全国I卷）26. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______.A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed （安徽卷）30._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk.B. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked（福建卷）22. ______ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque inthe car.A. WaitingB. To waitC. Having WaitedD. To have waited（福建卷）33. – Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?A. seatB. sitC. seatedD. sat（湖南卷）26. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down（湖南卷）30. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.A. CompletingB. CompleteC. CompletedD. To complete（江苏卷）34. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.A. speak.B. speakingC. spokenD. to speak（山东卷）35. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ______ in the restaurant.A. workingB. workC. to workD. worked（江西卷）24. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on thephone.A. to promoteB. having been promotedC. having promotedD. to be promoted（江西卷）28. We finished the run in less than half the time ____.A. allowingB. to allowC. allowedD. allows（辽宁卷）27. He was busy writing a story, only ______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.A. to stopB. stoppingC. to have stoppedD. having stopped （陕西卷）14. _________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.A. Having shownB. To be shownC. Having been shownD. To show(四川卷)14. We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment.A. waitB. to be waitingC. waitedD. waiting（浙江卷）10. ______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to have realized（浙江卷）13. It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year.A. findingB. being foundC. to findD. found（北京卷）24. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.A. SeeingB. To seeC. SeeD. Seen（北京卷）31. –Did the book give the information you needed?–Y es. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book.A. to findB. findC. to findingD. finding（北京卷）32. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society.A. to welcomeB. welcomingC. to be welcomedD. welcomed（天津卷）4. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A. To throwB. ThrownC. ThrowingD. Being thrown（重庆卷）29. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.A. FailB. FailedC. To failD. Having failed(上海卷)30. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ___ to balance it.A. having triedB. tryingC. to tryD. tried(上海卷)33. If there is a lot of work ___, I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.A. to doB. to be doingC. doneD. doing(上海卷)35. Something as simple as ___ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure.A. to drinkB. drinkingC. to be drinkingD. drunk(上海卷)37. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth A venue, the New Y ork Park hotel is afavourite with many guests.A. locatingB. being locatedC. having been locatedD. located三．情态动词（福建卷）24. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.A. mustB. canC. shouldD. would（湖南卷）28. Y ou don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. Y ou _____ find the book by thetitle.A.mustB. needC. canD. would（江苏卷）35. —I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day.—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldn’t shoutB. shouldn’t have shoutedC. mustn’t shout C. mustn’t have shouted（山东卷）24. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.A. can manageB. could have managedC. could manageD. can have managed（江西卷）26. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better.A. need have doneB. must have doneC. can have doneD. might have done（辽宁卷）22. Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must(全国II)17. Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.A. willB. canC. mustD. may（陕西卷）9. –What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?--Well, it _________ be big--that’s not important.A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. can’tD. won’t(四川卷)10. Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A. mustB. mayC. shallD. should（浙江卷）11. Y ou ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldn’tB. can’tC. mustn’tD. needn’t（北京卷）21. John promised his doctor he ________ not smoke, and he has smoked ever since.A. mightB. shouldC. couldD. would.（天津卷）6. She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.A. can’tB. wouldn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t（重庆卷）30.–I can’t find my purse anywhere.-- Y ou __ have lost it while shopping.A. mayB. canC. shouldD. would(上海卷)29. According to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should四．动词辨义（全国I卷）23. The performance ______ nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre early.A. coveredB. reachedC. playedD. lasted（安徽卷）28. -----Are you happy with your new computer?----- No, it is _______ me a lot of trouble.A. showingB. leavingC. givingD. sparing（江苏卷）31. —I’m still working on my project.—Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is ______.A. running outB. going outC. giving outD. losing out（山东卷）28. The fact that she never apologized ______ a lot about what kind of person she is.A. saysB. talksC. appearsD. declares（山东卷）29. Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he ______ his own work and translated it into German.A. gave offB. turned downC. took overD. set aside（江西卷）25. I _____ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.A. makeB. lookC. takeD. think（辽宁卷）25. Y ou have to be a fairly good speaker to ______ listeners’ interest for over an hour.A. holdB. makeC. improveD. receive (全国II)9. – What are you reading, Tom?-- I’m not really reading, just ___ the pages.A. turning offB. turning aroundC. turning overD. turning up(全国II)18. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ____.A. collectedB. containedC. loadedD. saved（陕西卷）20. It’s going to rain. Xiao Feng, Will you please help me _________ the clothes on the line?A. get offB. get backC. get inD. get on(四川卷)9. Although this ______ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A. look outB. stay upC. carry onD. get along（浙江卷）14. American Indian ______ about five percent of the U.S. population.A. fill upB. bring upC. make upD. set up（湖北卷）23. Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ______ the traditional customs.A. performB. possessC. observeD. support（湖北卷）24. As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to ______ the problem.A. handleB. raiseC. faceD. present（湖北卷）25. The teacher stressed again that the students should not ______ any important details while retelling the story.A. bring outB. let outC. leave outD. make out（湖北卷）26. In modern times, people have to learn to ______ all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.A. keep withB. stay withC. meet withD. live with（湖北卷）27. The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to ______ its reality.A. make upB. figure outC. look throughD. put off（天津卷）7. The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to ______ their discussion.A. put awayB. take downC. look overD. carry on（天津卷）13. Her shoes ______ her dress; they look very well together.A. suitB. fitC. compareD. match五．冠词（湖南卷）22. Have you heard ______ news？The piece of _______ petrol is going up again! A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填D. 不填，不填（江苏卷）21. We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across______ continent.A. the; theB.不填；theC. the; 不填D. 不填；不填（山东卷）21. Students should be encouraged to use ______ Internet as ______ resource.A. 不填；aB. 不填; theC. the; theD. the; a（江西卷）30. --- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.--- It is not your fault. With __ rush-hour traffic and __ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; aB. the; theC. /; /D. /; a（辽宁卷）24. My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______energy.A. a; 不填B. the; theC. 不填；theD. a; the(全国II)8. It’s not ___ good idea to drive for four hours without ___ break.A. a ; aB. the ; aC. the ; theD. a ; the（陕西卷）10. I ate _________ sandwich while I was waiting for _________ 20:08 train.A. the, aB. the, theC. a, theD. a, a(四川卷)8. In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country where more jobs can be found.A. a; theB. the ; aC. the; theD. a; a（浙江卷）2. ______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.A. An; theB. The; theC. An; 不填D. The; 不填（重庆卷）27. In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.A. a; theB. /; aC. the; aD. the;the六．名词、数词（安徽卷）24. To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion ―Save Our ________‖A. SkyB. LifeC. ArtsD. V oices（福建卷）32. What’s the _____ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?A. senseB. matterC. caseD. opinion（江苏卷）25. —I can’t repair these until tomorrow, I’m afraid.—That’s OK, there’s ______.A. no problemB. no wonderC. no doubtD. no hurry（江苏卷）28. —Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?—Because the old one has been damaged ______.A. beyond reachB. beyond repairC. beyond controlD. beyond description（山东卷）34. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ______.A. exchangeB. bargainC. tradeD. business（江西卷）27. ---Shall we go out for a walk?--- Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.A. momentB. situationC. placeD. chance（浙江卷）15. Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.A. senseB. viewC. meansD. idea（湖北卷）22. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly______A. atmosphereB. stateC. situationD. phenomenon（天津卷）11. Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.A. fuelsB. articlesC. goodsD. products七．形容词、副词（全国I卷）28. Y ou’re driving too fast. Can you drive ______?A. more slowly a bitB. slowly a bit moreC. a bit more slowlyD. slowly more a bit （全国I卷）32. The weather was ______ cold that I didn’t like to leave my room.A. reallyB. suchC. tooD. so（安徽卷）27.----- Hi, Mark. How was the musical evening?----- Excellent! Ales and Andy performed _________ and they won the firs prize.A. skillfullyB. commonlyC. willinglyD. nervously（福建卷）26. In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks _____ to people greeting him.A. friendlyB. livelyC. worriedD. cold（湖南卷）25. Last nighy Mr. Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. ______, h e met some friends and stayed out until midnight.A.MeanwhileB. HoweverC. InsteadD. Y et（江苏卷）30. It is ______ to spend money on preventing illnesses by promoting healthy livingrather than spending it trying to make people ______ after they are ill.A. good; goodB. well; betterC. better; betterD. better; good （山东卷）33. Would it be ______ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to theairport?A. freeB. vacantC. handyD. convenient（江西卷）29. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ___ during the day.A. awayB. upC. inD. back（江西卷）33. Jack is late again. It is ___ of him to keep others waiting.A. normalB. ordinaryC. commonD. typical（辽宁卷）30. It looks like the weather is changing for ______. Shall we stick to our plan?A. the worseB. worseC. the worstD. worst（辽宁卷）31. Please remain ______; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A. seatingB. seatedC. to seatD. to be seated(全国II)19. The house still needed a lot of work, but ___ the kitchen was finished.A. insteadB. altogetherC. at onceD. at least（陕西卷）16. Ten years ago the population of our village was_________ that of theirs.A. as twice large asB. twice as large asC. twice as much asD. as twice much as(四川卷)3. Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was _____ able to make a phone call. A. still B. even C. also D. ever(四川卷)15. A cough is usually nothing to worry about unless it lasts for ten days ___.A. or moreB. insteadC. at mostD. only（浙江卷）3. I like this jacket better than that one, but it costs almost three times______.A. as muchB. as manyC. so muchD. so many（浙江卷）12. There are plenty of jobs ______ in the western part of the country.A. presentB. availableC. preciousD. convenient（浙江卷）18. Running a company is not ______ a matter of hiring people — they also need to be trained.A. simplyB. partlyC. seriouslyD. equally（北京卷）26. After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ______.A. hungry and tiredlyB. hungry and tiredC. hungrily and tiredlyD. hungrily and tired（湖北卷）28. In those days, our ______ concern was to provide people who were stopped by the snow storm with food and health care.A. normalB. constantC. permanentD. primary（湖北卷）29. As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only ______.A. occasionallyB. anxiouslyC. practicallyD. urgently（天津卷）2. My brother is really ____. He often works in his office far into the night.A. open-mindedB. hard-workingC. self-confidentD. warm-hearted(上海卷)27. In my view, London's not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is ___ in traffic.A. the most organizedB. more organizedC. so organized asD. as organized as八．代词（全国I卷）30. —Which of the two computer games did you prefer?—Actually I didn’t like ______.A. both of themB. either of themC. none of themD. neither of them （全国I卷）33. The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from ______ spoken in England.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. the one（安徽卷）21. The two girls are getting on very well and share _______ with each other.A. littleB. muchC. some D none（福建卷）21. –How do you find your new classmates?– Most of them are kind, but ____ is so good to me as Bruce.A. noneB. no oneC. every oneD. some one（湖南卷）21. Our nerghbors gave _____ a baby bird yesterday that hurt ______ when it fell from its nest.A. us,itB. us,itselfC. ourselves, itselfD. ourselves, it（山东卷）27. Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and ______ before you leave.A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing（江西卷）23. Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals ____ after an injury?A. himselfB. himC. itselfD. it（辽宁卷）26. —Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?—Victoria Street? ______ is where the Grand Theatre is.A. SuchB. ThereC. ThatD. This（陕西卷）12. He doesn’t have _________ furniture in his room --just an old desk.A. anyB. manyC. someD. much(四川卷)11. The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _____ four percent.A. any otherB. the otherC. anotherD. other（浙江卷）9. –I’d like some more cheese.–Sorry, there’s ______ left.A. someB. noneC. a littleD. few（北京卷）25. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _____ of the parents spoke the language.A. noneB. neitherC. bothD. each（天津卷）5. To know more about the British Museum, you can use the Internet to go to the library, or _______.A. neitherB. someC. allD. both（重庆卷）24.—Could we see each other at 3 o’clock this afternoon?---Sorry, let’s make it __ time.A. other’sB. the otherC. anotherD. other(上海卷)26. -- Do you want tea or coffee?-- ______, I really don't mind.A. noneB. neitherC. eitherD. all九．介词（全国I卷）24. Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing ______ a stepping-stone to future success.A. toB. forC. asD. by（安徽卷）23. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _______ a chair.A. onB. offC. intoD. to（福建卷）23. A great man shows his greatness _____ the way he treats little man.A. underB. withC. onD. by（福建卷）34. Y ou have no idea how she finished the relay race ____ her foot wounded so much.A. forB. whenC. withD. while（湖南卷）27. — When did you last hear ______ Jay?— He phoned me this morning, and we agreed ______ a time and place to meet.A.of, toB. about, withC. from, withD. from, on(全国II)15. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ____ working here.A. withB. overC. atD. about（陕西卷）19. Elizabeth has already achieved success _________ her wildest dreams.A. atB. beyondC. withinD. upon（北京卷）33. If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave ____ the back door.A. forB. byC. acrossD. out十．定语从句（福建卷）31. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon.A. of whichB. on whichC. from whichD. above which湖南卷）31. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control.A.most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that（江苏卷）24. The Science Museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where（山东卷）26. Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A. whoB. whichC. whyD. when（江西卷）35. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers __ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A. whereB. whenC. whoD. which(全国II)16. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A. itB. whatC. whichD. that（陕西卷）8. Tomorrow is Tom’s birthday. Have you got any idea _________ the party is to be held?A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where（陕西卷）13. The man pulled out a gold watch, _________ were made of small diamonds.A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands ofC. which the hands ofD. the hands of which(四川卷)4. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _______ New Y ork is an example.A. for whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which（浙江卷）8. Y esterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.A. whomB. whereC. thatD. which（北京卷）28. I’ll give you your friend’s home address,I can be reached most evenings.A. whichB. whenC. whomD. where（重庆卷）21. They will fly to Washington, ___ they plan to stay for two or three days.A. whereB. thereC. whichD. when(上海卷)38. We went through a period ___ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which十一．状语从句（全国I卷）31. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?—I don’t mind where we go ______ there’s sun, sea and beach.A. as ifB. as long asC. now thatD. in order that （安徽卷）31. -----Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you.-----Ok, ______ you make it short.A. now thatB. if onlyC. so long asD. every time（安徽卷）26. All the neighbor admire this family _________the parents are treating their child like a friend.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. that（福建卷）28. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where（湖南卷）33. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.A.IfB. WhileC. BecauseD. As（山东卷）22. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning tofail.A. thoughB. forC. butD. so（山东卷）31. Y ou’d better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it.A. even ifB. whichC. whereD. so that（辽宁卷）28. ______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhereverD. However（辽宁卷）32. I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more.A. onceB. whenC. sinceD. although (全国II)7. A small car is big enough for a family of three ____ you need more space for baggage.A. onceB. becauseC. ifD. unless(四川卷)6. There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down.A. whenB. untilC. thatD. where（浙江卷）16. Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure.A. whetherB. afterC. howD. unless（北京卷）23. —Did you return Fred’s call?—I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow.A. thoughB. unlessC. whenD. because（北京卷）34. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back.A. beforeB. sinceC. tillD. after（天津卷）1. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday _____ it rains or it’s very cold.A. sinceB. ifC. unlessD. until(上海卷)31. ---Are you ready for Spain？--Y es, I want the girls to experience that ___ they are young.A. whileB. untilC. ifD. before(上海卷)40. ___ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.A. howeverB. whateverC. no matterD. although十二．名词性从句（全国I卷）25. The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt ______ the season.A. whateverB. whereverC. wheneverD. however（安徽卷）29. Students are always interested in finding out _______ they can go with a new teacher.A. how farB. how soonC. how oftenD. how long（福建卷）27. _____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A. ItB. WhatC. AsD. Which。

动词不定式2013~2016年高考题1.(2016·北京)________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep thiscard at hand.A. MadeB. MakeC. MakingD. To make2.(2015·北京)_____the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up veryearly.A. Catching.B. Caught.C. To catchD. Catch3.(2015·陕西) After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, AnneBenedict went on ____________ all the people who had helped in her career.A. to thankB. thankingC. having thankedD. to have thanked4.(2015·福建)_________ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to takeChinese folk music as an elective course.A. LearnB. LearnedC. To learnD. To be learning5.(2015·陕西) Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________what is bothering them.A. to talk overB. talked overC. talk overD. having talked over6.(2014·北京) There are still many problems ________ before we are ready for along stay on the moon.A. solvingB. solvedC. being solvedD. to be solved7.(2014·北京)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shoppingwithout________．A. recognizingB. being recognizedC. having recognizedD. having been recognized8.(14 全国) Today there are more airplanes ________ more people than everbefore in the skies.A. carryB. carryingC. carriedD. to be carrying9.(14 湖南)________ ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we eachneed deep thought and inner quietness.A. Having freedB. FreedC. To freeD. Freeing10.(14 江西) He is thought _______ foolishly. Now he has no one but himself toblame for losing the job.A. to actB. to have actedC. actingD. having acted11.(14 山东) It's standard practice for a company like this one________ asecurity officer.A. employedB. being employedC. to employD.employs12.(14 陕西)________ the difficult maths problem, I have consulted ProfessorRussell several times.A. Working outB. Worked outC. To work outD. Work out13.(14 四川) —I hope to take the computer course.—Good idea. ________ more about it, visit this website.A. To find outB. Finding outC. To be finding outD. Having found out14.(14 天津) Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only________ it didn't fi t.A. to findB. foundC. findingD. having found15.(14 重庆) Group activities will be organized after class ________ childrendevelop team spirit.A. helpingB. having helpedC. helpedD. to help16.(2013·北京) V olunteering gives you a chance ______ lives, including your own.A. changeB. changingC. changedD. to change17.(2013·湖南)________ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set myalarm clock for midnights so I could refill it.Staying B．Stayed B．To stay D．Stay18.(2013·山东) I stopped the car _____ a short break as I was feeling tired.A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken19.(2013·陕西) Let those in need ______ that we will go all out to help them.A. to understandB. understandC. understandingD. understood20.(2013·上海) The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ______society of real-life experience.A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploringD. explored21.(2013·四川) The airport _____ next year will help promote tourism in this area.A being completed B. to be completedC completed D. having been completed22.(2013·全国I) The drive wanted to park his car near the roadside but was askedby the police ________ .A. not to doB. not toC. not doD. do not23.(2013·重庆) The engine just won't start. Something seems _____ wrong with it.A. to goB. to have goneC. goingD. having gone2008---2012年高考题1. (12江西) Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.A. speakingB. having spokenC. to speakD. to have spoken2. (12湖南) We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.A. being doneB. doC. to be doneD. to do3. (12重庆) Before you quit your job, ______how your family would feel about your decision.A. considerB. consideringC. to considerD. considered4. (12重庆) We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. having been made5. (12辽宁)This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.A. operatingB. to be operatingC. operatedD. to operate6. (12四川)Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _______ his plane high up in the sky.A.findingB. to findC. being foundD. to have found7. (12陕西)22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.A. meetsB. meetingC. meetD. to meet8. (12全国II)The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _____ anything that happened to be on.A. to watchB. watchingC. watchedD. to have watched9. (12全国II)Tony lent me the money, ______that I’d do as much for him.A. to hopeB. hopingC. hopedD. having hoped10. (12北京卷)Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________ away.A. stayedB. stayingC. to stayD. stay11. (12山东卷)George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had lefthim.A. to be toldB. tellingC. being toldD. told12. (12浙江) No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better _______silent.A. remainB. be remainingC. having remainedD. to remain13.(11北京卷) It’s important for the figures _________ regul arly.A. to be updatedB. to have been updatedC. to updateD. to have updated14.(11上海卷) Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lost15.(11安徽卷) Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ into small pieces.A. breakB. breakingC. brokenD. to break16.(11浙江卷) If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheeredB. be cheeredC. to be cheeredD. were cheered17.（11福建卷）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable ____.A. heldB. holdingC. be heldD. to hold18.（11四川卷）Simon made a big bamboo box _______ the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep19.（11天津卷）Passengers are permitted _____ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carryB. carryingC. to be carriedD. being carried20.（11重庆卷）More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _______ people’s concern over food safety.A. to raiseB. raisingC. to have raisedD. having raised21.(11湖南卷) The ability _____ an idea is as important as the idea itself.A. expressingB. expressedC. to expressD. to be expressed22.（10重庆）Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairingD. to be repaired23.（10上海）Thai is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.A. reducingB. to reduceC. reducedD. reduce24.（10江西）There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.A. to discoverB. being discoveredC. discoveredD. to be discovered25.（10山东）I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.A. completingB. completedC. to completeD. being completed26.（10全国I）With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.A. to buyB. buyC. buyingD. to have bought27.（10陕西）His first book next month is based on a true story.A. publishedB. to be publishedC. to publishD. being published28.（10辽宁）We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.A．finding B．to find C．find D．to be found29. (09安徽) The play next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.A. producedB. being producedC. to be producedD. having been produced30. (09北京) All of them try to use the power of the workstation _____ informationin a more effective way.A. presentingB. presentedC. being presentedD. to present31. (09湖南) Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .A. reusingB. reusedC. reusesD. to be reused32. (09海南)The children all turned the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A.looked atB. to look atC. to looking atD. look at33. (09山东) We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding34. (09上海) David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.A. to be reportedB. reportingC. to reportD. having reported35. (09四川) He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussionA. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had36. (09天津) ______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. CompetingB. Having completedC. To have completedD. To complete37. (09江苏) Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures.A. helpB. to have helpedC. to helpD. having helped38. (08全国I) I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good__.A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed39. —Did the book give the information you needed?—Yes. But __ it, I had to read the entire book.A. to findB. findC. to be findingD. finding40. (08北京) I feel greatly honored into their society.A. to welcomeB. welcomingC. to be welcomedD. welcomed41. (08湖南) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.A. CompletingB. CompleteC. CompletedD. To complete参考答案1. CCAAD 6. BDABC 11. ADABD 16. CDDAA21. CDBDC 26. ABBCD 31. DBACB 36. DCBAC 41. D。