上海市上海中学高三上学期英语周练试题1 含答案

2021-2022学年交大附中高三第一学期第一次测试卷 9.19一、语法One day a two-year-old boy had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grasp on the bottle and it fell, ____1____(spill) its contents all over the kitchen floor——a sea of milk!Seeing at this, his mother instead of shouting at him or punishing him, said, “Robert, what a wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage ___2________(do). You know, Robert, __3______ a mess like this is made, it has to be cleaned up and everything restored to its proper order. So ,how would you like to do that? We ___4_______ use a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer? ”He chose the towel and together th ey cleaned up the spilt milk.His mother then said, “Robert, what we had there was a _5______(fail) experiment in _6____ to effectively carry a milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s go out to the backyard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it __7___ dropping it.” The little boy learned that if the bottle was grasped at the top near the lip with both hands, it could be carried without being dropped.At that moment the little boy came to understand he didn’t need to be afraid to _8____(make) mistakes. Instead, he learnt that mistakes were just opportunities for learning ___9______ new.Today, the boy is an outstanding scientist ___10_____ has made several important medical breakthroughs.二、选词When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the US has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be_____wasteful to tear them all down and _____ them with greener versions. A(n )_____ amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the_____carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up f or the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest_____, the greatest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of US carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and_____our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing building," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some_____, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that _____over time and let in more outside air.Fortunately, there are a vast number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from_____ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades can save more than just the earth, they can help_____property owners from rising power costs.Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they’ll say, “Success.”The dream of individual opportunity has been home in America since Europeans discovered a “new world”in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a_____society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote. “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的) and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we labor，starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man’s _____follow with equal steps the progress of his labor”drew poor immigrants from Europe and_____ national expansion into the western territories.Our national mythology is full of_____ of the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin,A.expandB.exceptionsC.historicD.incrediblyE.poweringF.protectG.reducedH.replaceI.senseJ.varied H.enormous A.industry B.inevitably C.strongly D.fueled E.humble F.longing G.classless H.invaded I.status plicatedK.illustrationsthe very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from_____origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American ’s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The_____of success haunts us: we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even_____our personal relationships: today it ’s as important to be “successful ” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it ” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success_____ implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in _____symbols: we try to live in the “right ” neighborhoods, wear the “right ” clothes, eat the “right ” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe_____in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.三、完型Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers take them for granted. This is especially true 41 children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and 42 sports programs and make sure that there is easy 43 to participation opportunies. Children in low-income familiesand poor communities are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often 44 the resources needed to pay for participation 45 , equipment, and transportation to practices and games as their communities do not have resources to build and 46 sports fields and facilities.Organized youth sports first appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed 47 some educators and developmental experts 48 that the behavior and character of children were 49 influenced by their social surroundings and everyday experiences. This 50 many people to believe that if youcould organize the experiences of children in 51 ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.This belief that the social 52 influenced a person’s overall development was very 53 to people interested in progress and reform in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about 54 they might control the experiences of children to 55 responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a growing capitalist economy depended on the productivity of workers.41. A) amongB) withinC) onD) towards42. A) spread B) speed C) spin D) sponsor43. A) access B) entrance C) chance D) route 44. A) shrink B) tighten C) limit D) lack 45. A) bill B) accounts C) fees D) fare 46. A) maintain B) contain C) sustain D) entertain47. A) before B) whileC) until D) when48. A) realized B) recalled C) expected D) exhibited 49. A) specifically B) excessivelyC) strongly D) exactly50. A) movedB) conducted C) putD) led51. A) precise B) precious C) particular D) peculiar52. A) engagement B) environment C) state D) status53. A) encouraging B) disappointing C) upsetting D) surprising54. A) what B) how C) whatever D) however 55. A) multiply B) manufacture C) produce D) provide 四、阅读 (A)There Student thieves look out. Students can easily get many research papers off the Internet. A new Web site could help teachers catch copiers.Some students research and write their term papers. Others, however, just copy them off theInternet and turn them in as their work.Two graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley have written a program to catch the students who copy. It compares a student’s paper with every other term paper on the Web.A hundred million Web pages on the Internet are searched. The top 20 search engines are used for the search. This service can be found at www. plagiarism. com. They also have a local data base of term papers.Teachers who sign up can send their students’ papers to the Web site. Within 24 hours they know if the student did the work.Every sentence that was a word-for-word match with another sentence either found on the Internet or within our database is coded.A U.C. Berkeley professor told his class he would use the program. Still some students copied papers. All 300 papers went through the program. In 45 papers or 15 percent of students had cut and pasted large amounts of material from different World Wide Web sites.Students that say they didn’t copy can defend themselves. They can show the instructors where they got their material. Students at universities try hard to get good grades. Some students welcome the Internet research watchdog because they say it is fair to all. They think copying is wrong.56. One reason why plagiarism has increased is that ______.A. student cheat more todayB. their reasoning and survival skills improvedC. students couldn’t find information to copy before the Internet was developedD. it is so easy to cut and paste papers or parts of papers from the Internet57. Using the program developed at University of California at Berkeley, the papers are checked by using ______.A. printing and looking carefully at hundreds of papers on the InternetB. a search of many Web pages and a comparison of words usedC. asking the student where they got the information in the paperD. comparing all the papers which are turned in by the students58. If teachers want to find out if their students wrote their own papers, ______. A. they ask other teachers to read their students’ papersB. they ask their students to list their sources of informationC. they can sign up for the Internet serviceD. they search the Internet and compare papersBIn modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: " I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try." What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.59. What does this passage mainly talk about?A. Competition helps to set up self-respect.B. Opinions about competition are different among people.C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.60. The underlined phrase "the most vocal" in Paragraph 3 means ________.A. those who try their best to winB. those who value competition most highlyC. those who are against competition most stronglyD. those who rely on others most for success61. What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a "desire to fail"?A. One's worth lies in his performance compared with others.B. One's success in competition needs great efforts.C. One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.D. One's success is based on how hard he has tried.62. Which point of view may the author agree to?A. Every effort should be paid back.B. Competition should be encouraged.C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.C篇About 40 years ago the famous British band The Beatles sang that“money can’t buy me love”. Today British economists are saying that it perhaps can’t buy you happiness either. This is showed by the happy planet index published recently by the New Economics Foundation (NEF ) in London.The index is about how well countries are using their resources. It shows how well they provide people with better health and longer and happier lives and at what cost to their environment.It would seem to be a common sense that people in richer countries live happier lives while those in developing countries are having a harder time of it. But the results are surprising , even shocking. The numbers show that some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly. The United States, for example , comes at an unbelievable number 150th. On the other hand, some little-known developing countries are doing a much better job. A tiny is land in the Pacific, Vanuatu comes in first. There are 178 countries and areas in the index. China ranks 31.Countries are graded on the basis of information supplied in response to the following questions. How do people feel about their live? How long does an average person live ? How intensively does a country need to use its natural resources -- such as oil, land and water--to maintain standards. This is what the inde x calls the “ecological footprint”.The NEF found that the people of island nations enjoy the highest HPI rankings. Their populations live happier and longer lives, and use fewer resources.The results also seem to show that it is possible to live longer, happier lives with a much smaller environmental impact . The index points out that people in the US and Germany enjoy similar lives.“However, Germany ‘s ecological footprint is only about half “ that of the US. This means that Germany is around twice as efficient as the US at producing happy lives,”says Nic Marks, head of NEF’s center for well-being.So happy planet Index(HPI) tells us a brand- new concept of understanding “being happy”. HPI figures out different countries or individuals’ HPI through their Ecological Footprint” and Life satisfaction Level “or ”Life Expectancy”. Clearly, people’s HPI is related to their consumption of the resources on the earth.You can find out your own HPI by visiting http://www. happy planet /survey.htm.63. The story is mainly about ____________________.A. in which countries people feel the happiest.B.why money can’t you happiness.C.what index can influence people’s happiness.D.the happy planet index published recently64.According to the passage, the index has something to do with_________________.A.wealth, education, resources and heath.B. lives, heath, resources and environmentC.pressure, accommodation, resources and heathD. education, money, environment and resources65. Countries that have low HPI rankings___________________________.A. are only developing countries.B. have far fewer happy peopleC. have a greater impact on environmentD. do not enjoy plenty of resource66. The comparison between Germany and the US shows that______________________.A. some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly.B. it is possible to live happier and longer lives with fewer resources.C. not all the people in developed countries enjoy happy lives.D. history and culture play an important role in people”s lives.六选四Directions:complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in December nineteen forty-one had brought America into the war. And it had severely damaged American military power. But Roosevelt decided not to strike back at Japan immediately. 67 . There were several rea sons for Roosevelt’s decision.First, Germany already controlled much of Europe, as well as much of the Atlantic Ocean. Roosevelt considered this a direct threat. 68 . Second, Germany was an advanced industrial nation. It had many scientists and engineers. Its factories were modern. Roosevelt was concerned that Germany might be able to develop deadly new weapons, such as an atomic bomb, if it was not stopped quickly. Third, Britain historically was one of America’s closest allies. And the Britis h people were united and fighting for their lives against Germany. This was not true in Asia. Japan’s most important opponent was China. But China’s fighting forces were weak and divided, and could not offer strong opposition to the Japanese.Hitler’s dec ision to break his treaty with Josef Stalin and attack the Soviet Union made Roosevelt’s final choice. The American leader recognized that the Germans would have to fight on two fronts: in the west against Britain and in the east against Russia. 69 . So Washington sent most of its troops and supplies to Britain to join the fight against Germany.American military leaders hoped to attack Germany quickly by launching an attack across the English Channel. Stalin also supported this plan. Soviet forces were suffering terrible losses from the Nazi attack and wanted the British and Americans to fight the Germans on the west.However, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and other leaders opposed launching an invasion across the English Channel too quickly. They worried that such an invasion might fail, while the Germans were still so strong. 70 . For this reason, British and American forces decided instead to attack the Italian and German occupation troops in north Africa.概要写作：It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering things” like arithmetic or historical facts, bur also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅到，闻到)something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learn to swing a baseball bat.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but but in some physical objects and puters ,for example,contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”--ready for instant use.An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning about 100,000 words of English. However, this is a but fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.翻译1.我从未想到我校篮球队会在竞赛中败北。

2023-2024学年上海市浦东新区高三上学期期中英语试题及答案（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Shampoo-do we really need to use it?Buying shampoo can be overwhelming-there are so many brands to choose from, across a huge range of prices. Some brands promise to repair and nourish our hair,___1___others promise to strengthen and add volume. But is any of these claims true? Do we even need shampoo at all?Since long before shampoo___2___ (invent)-some say in India-our bodies have been producing sebum, an oil-like substance. Sebum stops our skin ___3___ (get) dry, manages the health of our scalp and makes our hair shiny. But it also collects dirt, and, if___4___ (leave) untouched for too long, sebum can cause our hair to become greasy. There are no disadvantages from a health perspective to letting our hair be greasy, says Eleanore Richardson, Trichologist at Fulham Scalp and Hair Clinic, but many people choose to wash their hair ___5___ a regular basis for aesthetic reasons.And so we reach for the shampoo bottle. Shampoos contain a group of chemicals called surfactants. They grab the dirt and grease from the surface of our hair, meaning when we rinse away the shampoo, we also wash away the grease and dirt. But,___6___ Laura Waters, a professor of Pharmaceutical Analysis, points out, some surfactants work too well and take the natural oils out of the hair as well. Though more expensive shampoos may contain___7___(harsh) surfactants, the type of shampoodoesn’t really matter. “It’s on our hair very briefly and gets washed away”. It’s the conditioners and styling products that we use after the shampoo that make a bigger difference to the texture and feel of our hair.Naturally, the more we put onto our hair, the more we need to cleanse it off,___8___ (create) a vicious circle. So, yes, it seems we do have a need for shampoo, but we also shouldn’t expect it___9___ (serve) as a miracle cure. And, finally, next time you’re in a shampoo aisle, remember that hair is made up of dead protein cells and that, sadly, not even the most expensive shampoo ____10____ bring them back to life. See to it that you make better decisions.【答案】1. while2. was invented3. getting4. left5. on6. as7. less harsh8. creating9. to serve10. can【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。

上海静安区2023-2024学年第一学期期末教学质量调研高三英语试卷(满分140分,完卷时间120分钟)2023年12月考生注意：1.完卷时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。

2.本调研设试卷和答题纸两部分，全卷共12页。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

第Ⅰ卷(共100分)I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.In a gallery. B.At the barber's. C.In a restaurant. D.At the tailor's.2.A.Fellow workers. B.Family members.C.Doctor and patient.D.Driver and passenger.3.A.Choosing psychology. B.Choosing economics.C.Neither is a good choice.D.Choosing a major of interest.4. A.She did not feel sorry for being late for the appointment.B.She did not inform the man of her del ay in advance.C.She wasn't really caught in the traffic jam.D.She wasn't always late for the appointment.5. A.It was lost and won't be found. B.It was transferred to a different city.C.It was delivered to her hotel already.D.It was stolen during her trip.6．. A.He has realized he still leaves much to be desired.B.He is angry with not getting the lead role in the play.C.He is confident about getting the lead role next time.D.He feels reluctant to take the new responsibilities.7. A.They told a lot of stories during the meeting.B.There is no need for them to argue so fiercely in public.C.Both perspectives should be considered before judging.D.They should have resolved their issues in private.8. A.She has already been to the café.B.She is not interested in going to the café.C.She knows about the cafébut hasn't visited it.D.She wants to go to the caféright away.9. A.She expects the man to help Brian move to a new house.B.She expects the man to take mum to Brain's new house.C.She expects the man to celebrate mum's birthday together.D.She expects the man to make a phone call to Mum.10.A.The fantastic and high-quality camera. B.The need for better internet connectivity.C.Their favorite photography techniques.D.The pros and cons of a new smartphone.Sect ion BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.Its regular driving practices and poor vehicles.B.Its lack of green spaces and air cleaners.C.Its excessive water pollution and rubbish.D.Its high air pollution and crowded roads.12.A.Establishing a high interest loan scheme.B.Removing outdated black and white taxis.C.Encouraging customers to create new ideas.D.Making advertisements on old vehicles.13.A.Because customers are more friendly and richer.B.Because all new cabs provide air-conditioning.C.Because all new cabs are equipped with meters.D.Because car manufacturers can earn extra money.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.Canceling all the gifts. B.Applying a‘one-gift’rule.C.Giving children less time to play.D.Encouraging buying second-hand gifts.15.A.Buying a rare and expensive souvenir.B.Buying a hand-made craft product.C.Giving something that won't cost money.D.Giving an experience of something new.16.A.The waste caused by Christmas gifts.B.The importance of buying gifts for children.C.The creative ideas of giving gifts to avoid waste.D.The negative effects of receiving too many gifts.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.By trading physical items. B.By exchanging artistic creativity.C.By hosting art exhibitions.D.By making artistic advertisements.18.A.Painting and writing. B.Graphic design and photography.C.Music and album cover design.D.Video editing and project management.19.A.Members can benefit without efforts.B.Members can make money by providing artistic services.C.Members can get copyrights of other artistic offerings.D.Members can have access to the creative exchange list.petitive individualism. B.Artistic cooperation and inspiration.C.Individual fame in the art field.D.Material collaboration and exchange.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Japan's robot revolution in senior careJapan's artificial intelligence expertise is transforming the elder care industry,with21 (specialize)robotic care accomplishing more than just taking pressure off the critical shortage of caregivers.Senior care facilities across Japan are testing out such new robots22deliver a collection of social and physical health care and the government-backed initiative has been met with positive reviews by elderly residents.The rapidly graying population23(eye)by the government as a potential market for medical technology now.Disappointing government predictions show that by2025,Japan's first baby boomers will have turned75and about7million people are likely to suffer from some form of dementia(痴呆).The nation won't be able to avoid a dementia crisis24an additional380.000 senior care workers.The long-standing shortage of professional care workers has encouraged the Japanese government25(simplify)procedures for foreign caregivers to be trained and certified.The current Technical Intern Training Program between Vietnam,the Philippines,and Indonesia,under26Economic Partnership Agreement,was extended to include nursing care as well as agriculture, fishery,and construction sectors.27the government made efforts to increase the numbers of senior care workers,the target number of foreign graduates has still fallen flat,with the national caregiver examination proving a major obstacle to pass.The success rate for foreign students was a merely106students last year,28 has slightly improved to216students this year.Another depressing reality is that19to38percent of foreign nurses who pass the exam opt to leave the industry and return home,29(cite)tough work conditions and long hours.Given the challenges,this is30the government believes care robots will be able to step in.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.smoothingB.remainC.switchedD.likelihoodE.impactF.tipG.broadly H.headed I.booming J.positioning K.reliablySea-level rise predictionsA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus,a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences, spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska's southeastern31near Disenchantment Bay.The glacier is unique because,unlike other glaciers,it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined,32,as one that starts flowing at least10times faster than normal. But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood,although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the33of glacial surging.During Turner's surges,the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly3feet a day to65feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea level rise,and current climate change models don't34account for these movements.For example, Greenland's glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise.Since the early 2000s,Greenland35from not having any effect on world sea levels,to increasing sea level by about1millimeter per year.Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures, which leads to more ice melting.The other half,however,is because glaciers in Greenland are,as a whole,moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier.Glaciers are full of holes,and water runs through those holes.When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier,it starts to move,partly because it's lifting the mass of ice and rock off the ground and partly because it's36the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier,and how does the movement37 the glacier’s speed?Those are the questions the scientists hope to answer.Bartholomaus,some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University,38onto the ice in August.They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters.They placed roughly30instruments,burying them deeply into the glacier and39 them on rock outcroppings(露岩)alongside the glacier.This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries.Those instruments will40on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops,providing researchers with before and after data.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Investors probably expect that following the suggestions of stock analysts would make them better off than doing the exact opposite.41,recent research by Nicola Gennaioli and his colleagues shows that the best way to gain excess return s would be to invest in the shares least favored by analysts.They compute that,during the last35years,investing in the10percent of U.S. stocks analysts were most42about would have yielded on average3percent a year.43, investing in the10percent of stocks analysts were most pessimistic about would have yielded a surprising15percent a year.Gennaioli and colleagues shed light on this44with the help of cognitive sciences and,in particular,using Kahneman and Tversky's concept of representativeness.Decision makers, according to this view,45the representative features of a group or a phenomenon.These are defined as the features that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group.After observing strong earnings growth—the explanation goes—analysts think that the firm may be the next Google.“Googles”are in fact more frequent among firms experiencing strong growth,which makes them46.The problem is that“Googles”are very47in absolute terms.As a result,expectations become too optimistic,and future performance48.A model of stock prices in which investor beliefs follow this logic can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the beliefs of analysts and the dynamics(动态变化)of stock returns.In related work,the authors also show that the same model can49booms and busts in the volume of credit and interest rate spreads.These works are part of a research project aimed at taking insights from cognitive sciences and at50them into economic models.Kahneman and Tversky's concept of“representativeness”lies at the heart of this effort.“In a classical example,we51to think of Irishmen as redheads because red hair is much more frequent among Irishmen than among the rest of the world,”Prof. Gennaioli says.“However,only10percent of Irishmen are redheads.In our work,we developmodels of belief formation that show this logic and study the52of this important psychological force in different fields.”Representativeness helps describe53and behavior in different fields,not only in financial markets.One such field is the formation of stereotypes about social groups.In a recent experimental paper,Gennaioli and colleagues show that representativeness can explain self-confidence,and in particular the54of women to compete in traditionally male subjects,such as mathematics.A slight prevalence of55male math ability in the data is enough to make math ability un-representative for women,driving their under confidence in this particular subject.41.A.Consequently B.Furthermore C.Nevertheless D.Meanwhile42.A.curious B.controversial C.concerned D.optimistic43.A.In brief B.By contrast C.In addition D.Without doubt44.A.engagement B.concentration C.puzzle D.definition45.A.memorize B.prioritize C.modernize D.fertilize46.A.representative B.argumentative C.executive D.sensitive47.A.harsh B.adaptable C.crucial D.rare48.A.cheers B.disappoints C.stabilizes D.improves49.A.account for B.count on C.suffer from D.hold up50.A.pouring B.admitting C.integrating D.tempting51.A.pretend B.afford C.offer D.tend52.A.effects B.delights C.intervals D.codespanions B.scales C.expectations D.findings54.A.necessity B.involvement C.perseverance D.reluctance55.A.equivalent B.exceptional C.mysterious D.distressingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Montessori was born in Italy in1870with progressive parents,who frequently communicated with the country's leading thinkers and scholars.This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time.Her mother's support was vital for some important decisions,such as her enrolment in a technical school after her elementary education.Her parents'support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine,a field that was dominated by men.Soon after graduating,in1896,Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome,where she cared for children with learning difficulties.The rooms were bare,with just a few pieces of furniture.One day,she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs(面包屑)that had dropped on the floor.It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty.With the right learning materials,these and other young minds could be nurtured,Montessori concluded.The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses.In addition,each child should also be allowed to move and act freely,and use their creativity and problem-solving skills.Teachers took the role of guides,supporting the children without press or control.Montessori opened her first Children's House in1907.When the Fascists(法西斯主义者)first came into power in Italy in1922,they initially embraced her movement.But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children's freedom of expression.Montessori's values had always been about human respect,and the rights of children and women,but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame.Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools'educational content,and in1934Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy.She didn't return to her homeland until1947,and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in1952,at the age of81.56.The primary reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method was.A.her family's supportive influence on her educationB.her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinicC.her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happilyD.her decision to study medicine,a field dominated by men57.What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method as described in the passage?A.Providing standardized,one-size-fits-all learning materials.B.Encouraging strict discipline and control over children's actions.C.Focusing on rote memorization and competition.D.Creating a free and children-centered learning environment.58.Montessori decided to leave Italy in1934because.A.she wanted to explore other countries and culturesB.she wanted to avoid the Fascist's influence on her workC.she was offered a better job in a different countryD.she wanted to retire and enjoy a peaceful life in another country59.Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage?A.Observant and innovative.B.Traditional and emotional.C.Progressive and dependent.D.Open-minded and indifferent.(B)Reducing the workweek to four days could have a climate benefit.In addition to improving the well-being of workers,cutting working hours may reduce carbon emissions.But those benefits would depend on a number of factors,experts emphasize,including how people choose to spend nonworking time.Commuting and travelTransportation is the biggest contributor to greenhouse emissions.A November2021survey of2,000 employees and500business leaders in the United Kingdom found that if all organizations introduced a four-day week,the reduced trips to work would decrease travel overall by more than 691million miles a week.But the climate benefits of less commuting could be eliminated,experts said,if people choose to spend their extra time off traveling,particularly if they do so by car or plane.Energy usageShorter working hours could lead to reductions in energy usage,experts said.According to a 2006paper,if the United States adopted European work standards,the country would consume about20percent less energy.Energy could also be conserved if fewer resources are needed to heat and cool large office buildings,reducing demands on electricity.For example,if an entire workplace shuts down on the fifth day,that would help lower consumption—less so if the office stays open to accommodate employees taking different days off.Lifestyle changesIt's possible that fewer working hours may lead some people to have a larger carbon footprint, but experts say research suggests that most people are likely to shift toward more sustainable lifestyles.One theory is that people who work more and have less free time tend to do things in more carbon-intensive ways,such as choosing faster modes of transportation or buying prepared foods. Convenience is often carbon-intensive and people tend to choose convenience when they're time-stressed.Meanwhile,some research suggests that those who work less are more likely to engage in traditionally low-carbon activities,such as spending time with family or sleeping.“When we talk about the four-day workweek and the environment,we focus on the tangible, but actually,in a way,the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible,”experts said.60.What is identified as the leading cause of greenhouse emissions according to the passage?A.The well-being of employees.B.The conservation of energy.muting and travel.D.The European work standard.61.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence“the biggest potential benefit here is in theintangible”in the last paragraph?A.People will have big potential in achieving intangible benefits while working.B.People are more likely to engage in carbon-intensive activities due to time constraints.C.People may shift toward more sustainable lifestyles and lower carbon footprints.D.People may travel more frequently by car or plane during their extra time off.62.The passage is mainly written to.A.highlight the importance of shortening working time in the context of well-beingB.provide an overview of transportation emissions worldwideC.analyze the impact of reduced working hours on mode of businessD.illustrate factors affecting the climate benefits of a shorter workweek(C)The cultivation of plants by ants is more widespread than previously realized,and has evolved on at least15separate occasions.There are more than200species of an t in the Americas that farm fungi(真菌)for food,but this trait evolved just once sometime between45million and65million years ago.Biologists regard the cultivation of fungi by ants as true agriculture appearing earlier than human agriculture because it meets four criteria:the ants plant the fungus,care for it,harvest it and depend on it for food.By contrast,while thousands of ant species are known to have a wide variety of interdependent relationships with plants,none were regarded as true agriculture.But in2016,Guillaume Chomicki and Susanne Renner at the University of Munich,Germany,discovered that an ant in Fungi cultivates several plants in a way that meets the four criteria for true agriculture.The ants collect the seeds of the plants and place them in cracks in the bar k of trees.As the plants grow,they form hollow structures called domain that the ants nest in.The ants defecate(排便) at designated absorptive places in these domain,providing nutrients for the plant.In return,as well as shelter,the plant provides food in the form of fruit juice.This discovery prompted Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships to see if there are other examples of plant cultivation that have been overlooked.“They have never really been looked at in the framework of agriculture,”says Chomicki,who is now at the University of Sheffield in the UK.“It's definitely widespread.”The team identified37examples of tree-living ants that cultivate plants that grow on trees, known as epiphytes(附生植物).By looking at the family trees of the ant species,the team was able to determine on how many occasions plant cultivation evolved and roughly when.Fifteen is a conservative estimate,says Campbell.All the systems evolved relatively recently,around1million to 3million years ago,she says.Whether the37examples of plant cultivation identified by the team count as true agriculturedepends on the definitions used.Not all of the species get food from the plants,but they do rely on them for shelter,which is crucial for ants living in trees,says Campbell.So the team thinks the definition of true agriculture should include shelter as well as food.63.According to biologists,why is ant-fungus cultivation considered as a form of true agriculture?A.Because it occurred earlier than human agriculture.B.Because it fulfills the standards typical of agricultural practices.C.Because it redefines the four criteria for true human agriculture.D.Because it is less common than previously thought.64.What motivated Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships?A.They determined on new family trees of the ant species.B.They overlooked some tree-living ants that provided nutrients for the plants.C.They never studied the ant-plant relationships within the context of agriculture.D.They never identified any an t species that engaged in cultivation of fungi.65.Which of the following statements is supported by the team's findings according to the passage?A.Ants’cultivation of plants is limited to a few specific species.B.The cultivation of fungi by ants is considered the earliest form of agriculture.C.True agriculture in ants involves only food-related interactions with plants.D.Ants have independently cultivated plants on at least15distinct occasions.66.What is the passage mainly about?A.The evolution of ants in the plant kingdom.B.The widespread occurrence of ant-plant cultivation.C.The discovery of a new ant species engaging in agriculture.D.The contrast between ant agriculture and human agriculture.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.In the end,it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity.B.Doppelgängers will also have some of the same DNA as you.C.To enter your workplace,you likely need to be recognizable.D.Why are people interested in finding their possible doppelgangers?E.Eventually,discovering a person's doppelgänger might widen trust boundaries.F.A doppelgänger was said to be a spirit-double that copied every human and beast on earth.What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you?Would it be a good thing?And if you did have one,would you want to meet them?Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you.Your passport,ID card and driving license all feature your face.67You may need your face to unlock your smartphone andpossibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.The word‘doppelgänger’refers to a person who looks the same as you,essentially sharing your features;those that you thought were unique to you and your identity.Not identical twins,as a doppelgänger has no relation to you.The idea originated in German folklore.68So,let's get real.What are the chances of you having one in the first place?There's said to be a one in135chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world,so the chances are pretty low,despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise.And the chances of meeting?The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.That said,these statistics may be a good thing.Historically,having a double wasn't always a positive.Back in1999,an innocent American man,indistinguishable from the real criminal,was sent to prison for robbery,where he stayed for19years.69.In a different case,a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelgänger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!70The fascination with doppelgängers may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meant they were from the same family or had a common ancestor.It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike,creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting. However,as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing,we understand that after such an experience,you might not want to meet your doppelgänger again.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Competitive CheerleadingOver the years,cheerleading has taken two primary forms:game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading.Game-time cheerleaders'main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers,which should not be considered a sport.However,competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment.It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity.The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling(翻腾运动)ability.It's a very common thing for gymnasts,so it's easy for them to go into competitive ually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps,tumbling,and overall energy.They also perform lifts and throws.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared.It is awarded points for technique,creativity and ually the more difficult the action is,the better the score is.That's why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.Besides,there is also a strict rule of time.The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds,during which the cheerleaders are。

2024 学年第一学期奉贤区高三英语练习卷考生注意：1.考试时间105 分钟，试卷满分115分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。

Ⅰ. Grammar and vocabularySection A (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the properform of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Best Music to Boost ProductivityHow many times have you put on your headphones to help you concentrate on your tasks? Various studies have tried to address the question of (1) music in the workplace can be helpfulor not. The short answer seems to be yes, but it depends on the job and the music.In one study, machine operators at a clothes manufacturer became (2) (productive) whenthey listened to relaxing music; the researchers therefore suggested trying music with a faster pace instead. However, in another study (3) (conduct) among surgeons who operated on patientswhile listening to classical music, it showed that they were both faster and more accurate in performance. In this case, the researchers advised against high pace or loud music (4) it could be distracting.According to some scientists, no matter what task you’re engaged in, lyrics in music (5) negatively impact your attention. However, if (6) (listen) to lyric-less or classical tunes annoys you, you’re probably not going to be very productive, so it ultimately depends on your personal preference.There might be a link between ‘emotional use’ of music at work and performance, too. Essentially, if your mood improves, so does your work. To some extent, then, you may be best off playing music (7) makes you happy. Interestingly, though, one 2023 study, which surveyed244 people who listened to music at work, revealed no benefit when music (8) (use) for cognitive thinking or just played in the background.But if you’re just here for the best tracks (9) (boost) your productivity, we’ve got some recommendations for you. The top three songs most often included in work-related Spotify lists (10) (b e): ‘Drops of Jupiter’ (Train), ‘Dreams’ (Fleetwood Mac) and ‘Don’t Stop Believin’ (Journey). Integrate these songs into your workday and experience the boost in productivity they can provide. Section B (10 分)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.SkyquakeIf you’ve ever heard a loud, distant booming noise with no obvious explanation like a thunderstorm or a car backfiring, then you might have experienced a skyquake. Skyquakes havebeen reported around the world and locals have 11 names for them in different regions. Near Seneca Lake in New York State, they’re known as ‘Seneca guns’; in Belgium they’re called‘mistpoeffers’; and the Japanese refer to them as ‘uminari’, which 12 means ‘cries from the sea.Some scientists have suggested that a type of meteor(流星)could be the cause. These spacerocks explode when they 13 Earth’s atmosphere. If this occurred above thick cloud, the sound could 14 across a wide area. However, there is no 15 evidence reaching the ground.A(n) 16 explanation is the gas coming out of the bottom of the lake. Several hot spots for skyquake activity are close to large, deep lakes, such as Seneca. But skyquakes have also been reported away from such water bodies.Researchers at the University of North Carolina compared local news reports with information from 17 sensors and earthquake detectors. They were unable to identify any earthquake activity that coincided with the strange noises, 18 ruling out ground shaking as the cause of it. They concluded that this phenomenon is 19 to the atmosphere. Possible reasons could include meteors exploding in the sky or the sound of big waves getting louder because of special weather conditions near the ocean. Over the years, many of these 20 mystery noises have turned out to be caused by military planes flying faster than the speed of sound.Given the diversity of locations and explanations, it’s possible that skyquakes in different parts of the world have different causes. But for now, their true cause remains mysterious.Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension(45分)Section A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The rigid corridors of Welton Academy carried the weight of tradition and conformity(循规蹈矩). John Keating, an English teacher with a(n) 21 of mystery and passion, stepped into the academy like a breath of freshness in a dull room. His very presence was a(n) 22 to the long-established norms of the school.He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. 23 , he had a unique way of making the words come alive. In his first class, he walked into the room, a twinkle in his eye, and led the boys out into the hallway. Pointing at the old, faded pictures of former students, he said, “Carpe diem, boys. Seize the day. Make your lives 24 . These men were once just like you, with dreams and potential. Don’t let this place bury your ambitions.”His special haven, the “Whispers of the Bard,” was a magical place hidden away from the 25 eyes of the school authorities. Here, under the open sky, Keating would gather the students around him. He would recite poetry with such enthusiasm that the words seemed to 26 in the air. “Poetry,” he told them, “is not just about rhymes and meters. It’s the language of the 27 . It’s the way we express the deepest desires and the wildest dreams that we hold 28 us.”He encouraged each student to find their own voice between the lines of the great poets. To Neil Perry, who had a hidden passion for the 29 burning like a small fire in his heart, Keating was like a guiding star. He saw the potential in Neil’s eyes and said, “Neil, the stage is waiting for you. Don’t let anyone even your fathe 30 your light. Your dreams are precious, and you have the talent to make them come true.” He helped Neil practice his lines, showing h im how to 31 his emotions through every word. Under Keating’s guidance in every session, Neil grew more confident, believing that he could even 32 what his father expected of him.For Todd Anderson, who was shy and often 33 by his brother seemingly excellent at everything, Keating noticed his talent for seeing the deeper meaning in literature. “Todd,” he said, “your mind is a treasure chest. Open it and share your thoughts with the world. Don’t be afraid to34 . Your interpretations are as valuable as any other’s.” With Keating’s encouraging words, Todd started to come out of his 35 , finding the courage to speak up and express himself.Keating’s encouragement was like a gentle wind that blew through the live s of these students, fanning the flames of their dreams and giving them the strength to pursue what they truly loved.21. A. air B. gesture C. mood D. outlook22. A. threat B. barrier C. challenge D. opportunity23. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Moreover24. A. mysterious B. extraordinary C. practical D. specific25. A. caring B. shining C. wandering D. watching26. A. dance B. float C. move D. slide27. A. insight B. innocence C. soul D. sense28. A. between B. upon C. into D. within29. A. poetry B. stage C. match D. music30. A. dim B. adjust C. flash D. fuel31. A. conceal B. project C. stimulate D. sustain32. A. fall within B. persist in C. keep off D. go beyond33. A. overseen B. overshadowed C. overestimated D. overlooked34. A. step away B. fit in C. stand out D. push forward35. A. routine B. shell C. circle D. spaceSection B (22分)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIn the year 1669, a German trader named Hennig Brand set out on an unusual quest that would lead to one of the most fascinating discoveries in the history of chemistry. Brand, driven by the age-old alchemists’ dream of magically turning base metals into gold, conducted a series of experiments that would forever change our understanding of elements.Brand’s journey began with an assumption that the key to creating “gold” resided in human urine (尿液). This seemingly strange idea was fueled by the observation that urine shared a similar yellow color with the precious metal. Acting on this belief, Brand collected an astonishing 5000 liters of urine and allowed it to stand and ferment (发酵).After weeks of fermentation, Brand boiled the urine down to a thick, sticky substance. He then mixed this paste with sand and heated the mixture to an extreme temperature. What emerged from this process was a substance that was entirely new to the world of science – a white solid that shone with a soft light in the dark.Brand named this glowing material “phosphorus,” originating from the Greek words for “light bearer.” The discovery of phosphorus was not just a scientific breakthrough; it captured the imagination of the public and the scientific community alike. Its ability to give off light in the darkness was both fascinating and mysterious.The implications of Bran d’s discovery were far-reaching. Phosphorus was not only a novelty but also a substance with practical applications. It would later become an essential component in the production of matches, fertilizers, and various chemicals.Hennig Brand’s accidental di scovery of phosphorus in 1669 was more than just finding a new element; it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry. Brand’s phosphorus, once sought as a means to wealth, became a cornerstone in the field of science, a clear demonstration of power of curiosity and the unexpected paths that can lead to enlightenment.36.What is the main idea of the passage?A.The fall of ancient alchemists and the rise of modern chemists.B.The accidental discovery of phosphorus and its scientific impact.C.The importance of human urine in scientific experiments.D.The transformation of base metals into gold through magic.37.What was Hennig Brand’s initial goal when he started his experiments?A.To turn human urine into gold.B. To discover a new element.B. To produce a glowing substance. D. To reform modern chemistry.38.The underlined word “cornerstone” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to .A.mysteryB. symbolC. obstacleD. foundation39.What can be inferred about Hennig Brand from the passage?A.He was a serious chemist who followed established scientific methods.B.He was a visionary scientist who predicted the future of chemistry.C.He was a curious individual willing to explore unconventional ideas.D.He was a wealthy trader with a deep understanding of chemistry.BGoing underground?The Subway is the easiest way to get around the City Centre and WestEnd of Glasgow. Running every four minutes at peak times, it takesjust 24 minutes to complete a circuit of the 15 stations and costsas littleelse on the system.Last Trains40.According to the notice board, which of the following is TRUE?A.The subway is the only way to travel in the city.B.The subway runs every 4 minutes any time of the day.C.An entire journey of 24 stations takes 15 minutes.D.An adult ticket for a full circuit costs only £1.80.41.To arrive at Kelvinbridge on a weekday morning as soon as possible, you can take the earliest train from St Enoch at .A. 6:34B. 6:32C. 10:00D. 10:0342. A couple taking a 15-year-old and a newborn on a ONE-DAY trip in Glasgow can maximize their subway experience by paying .A. £6.45B. £8.40C. £10.75D. £12.90CFor the first time, scientists have observed the brain throughout the pregnancy (怀孕) timeline. Sex hormones, like estrogen and testosterone, are powerful players in the brain, affecting mood, memory, and more. Some of the most dramatic hormonal changes that humans experience happen during pregnancy, and yet those nine months have been a black box for human neuroscience until now.A new study published this week in Nature Neuroscience provides the most extensive look inside that black box yet. Researchers scanned the brain of one woman 26 times over the entire course of her pregnancy – before, during and after. Brain scans show that tracks of white matter get stronger during pregnancy. Previous brain imaging studies from before and after pregnancy have shown that pregnancy shrinks (缩小) parts of the brain, specifically its gray matter. These outer layers of the brain are responsible for most of sensation, learning and other great things the brain does.Shrinking gray matter may sound scary, but it happens to all of us throughout development to fine-tune our neural processing and make our brains more efficient. Though the term “mommy brain” is often used to refer to the brain fog and forgetfulness some people feel during pregnancy, the brain changes are likely adaptive. For example, you may be forgetting where your keys are, but you are way more focused on what is happening to your baby. Researchers are particularly interested in changes within brain regions that help with social cognition by allowing us to take on others’ perspectives.The scale and pattern of brain changes during pregnancy are similar to what other researchers have seen in adolescent brains during puberty (青春期), also driven by hormones. Other researchers have been able to detect whether someone had been pregnant based only on neuro imaging data from decades later. So despite the common saying that our brains stop developing in our mid-20s, hormones seem to drive big, long-lasting changes throughout adulthood.From studying the woman’s brain, researchers confirmed gray matter decreased by four percent over the course of pregnancy and that decrease persisted throughout the end of the study two years after giving bi rth. And it wasn’t just one area or network – 80% of brain regions shrunk. While certain areas and networks changed faster than others, the team doesn’t yet know what the implications are.43.The passage mainly tells us .A.how pregnancy impacts women’s memoryB. how brain scans lead to a breakthrough C． how puberty differs from pregnancy D. how brain changes during pregnancy44.Based on the research, a pregnant woman should changes accompanying “mommy brain”?A.peacefully acceptB. consciously avoidC． completely ignore D. eagerly expect45.We can learn from the last two paragraphs that .A.researchers have figured out why certain areas of brain change fasterB.despite similarity, brain changes in puberty aren’t driven by hormonesC.hormones are likely to cause brain changes beyond adolescenceA. Previously, they’ve trained packs of hero rats to detect dangerous bacteria.B. Then they were introduced to common scents used to mask illegal wildlife trade .C. This effort aims to provide a low-cost detection system to prevent illegal hunting.D. However, there are concerns that the rats might be distracted by some common scents.E. Existing screening tools are expensive and time intensive, necessitating a new approach.F. For this purpose, these trained rats will be expected to work in likely hotspots for illegal wildlife trade.D. the shrinkage of gray matter in brain stops shortly after childbirth46. What is the structure of this passage?A. Presenting a findingB. C. D.Describing a phenomenonSection C (8分)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ratting on Crimes“You are never more than six feet away from a rat,” goes the saying. Though it has beenconcluded that this estimate is incorrect, it might soon be accurate for those involved in the illegal wildlife trade. A team of researchers have trained African rats to pick up the scents (气味) of endangered animal products, such as elephant ivory and rhino horn. 47.The rat pack can even identify these items when concealed among other substances, and havebeen shown to remember the smells after months of non-exposure. This isn’t the first time APOPO, a Tanzania-based non-profit, have recognized a potential for a super-rat workforce. 48.The organization looks to provide low-tech, cost-efficient solutions to pressing challengesthroughout Africa.The rats in the new study went through several demanding stages of training. They firstlearned to smell a target scent for several seconds to earn a flavoured reward. 49. The final step was memory consolidation training, where they were reintroduced to scents they’d not encountered for five and eight months, respectively. Despite the months of non-exposure, the rats showed perfect memory scores, suggesting that their cognitive memory performance is similar to that of dogs.Illegal capture, killing, and harvesting of animals and plants have increased dramatically inrecent years. For example, 55 African elephants are killed for their tusks every day, over 20,000 a year. This has to be stopped immediately.50 They will be armed with custom-made vests (马甲). With their front paws, they will be able to pull a small ball attached to the chest of their vest, which gives out a beeping sound. This way rats will be able to alert handlers when they detect a target. Once fully trained and prepared, these giant rats could become illegal hunters’ worst enemy.Ⅲ. Summary Writing(10 分)Explaining Relating with other findings Introducing a topicProviding examples Summarizing the main points Stating a problemProposing solutions Analyzing the causes Predicting the future trends Evaluating the solutions51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far aspossible.The Significance of Cattle in Maasai SocietyCattle are the traditional partners of the Maasai people of East Africa. The traditional Maasai diet is heavily centered around cattle products. Milk is a fundamental component of the Maasai diet, consumed daily and in various for ms. Fresh milk, known as “enkirowua”, is often drunk straight or mixed with herbs for added flavor and medicinal benefits. Processed milk, or “mokore”, is a popular variation, providing rich source of nutrition. Cattle’s meat is another important part of t he Maasai diet, consumed during special occasions and ceremonies. Every part of the animal is used, reflecting the Maasai’s resourcefulness and respect for their livestock. It represents strength and the community’s collective wealth.Cattle hold significa nt value in Maasai social life. An individual’s social status is heavily influenced by cattle ownership. The number of cattle one possesses directly relates with his standing in the community. This is particularly evident during traditional ceremonies, such as weddings, where the exchange of cattle as gifts signifies the strong bond between families and a shared commitment to the future. Families there share responsibilities in cattle care and their collective management promotes unity and teamwork. For example, the process of milking is a shared activity, involving both men and women and strengthening social bonds. It is especially vital during challenging times, such as droughts or other hardships when the well-being of the cattle is crucial.Cattle also play a big role in Maasai rituals and ceremonies, accompanying individuals from birth to death. For example, the sacrifice of a cow during naming ceremonies or funerals not only celebrates the occasion but also strengthens the community’s spiritual connecti on with their livestock. These rituals highlight the spiritual importance of cattle, seen as a link between the physical and spiritual worlds, thus firmly establishing their central role in Maasai culture.Ⅳ. Translation (15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52.农忙季节，这个偏远的小村子显得空荡荡的。

上海中学高三英语11月周测卷2019.11.19 Ⅱ. Grammar and V ocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the thanks with given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never (21) ((be)a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do In the ancient world, as is today, most boys (22) (play)with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies (23) social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls (24)(prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.(25) is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly (26) craftsmanship, mechanics, and technologyIt is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present (27) is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic (ti8)people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life(28) toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animas and vehiclesBecause toys (29) be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3, 000 BC to(30) used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials。

上海中学高三周练卷优质完型汇编5套AWhen a sheltie(喜乐蒂牧羊犬) chooses a human companion，he or she willstick with the person whenever there are problems or difficulties. They will not __51__ the presence of anyone other than their __52__ person. So I was __53__ when one day my sheltie，Casey，__54__ ran over to an elderly couple he did not know. He danced about them，ignoring me as I __55__ him to come back.Since this was not __57__ sheltie behavior，I began to think that maybe Caseywas intended to accomplish something greater with his life. I ____57____ my church's nursing home and found out that they __58__ anyone，including dogs，to visit the residents. Most of the residents of this nursing home were Alzheimer's (老年痴呆症) patients. How could Casey and I communicate with them?The minute Casey stepped into the nursing home，people __59__ us with smiles and laughter. Casey excitedly did his ____60____ for them—sat，lay down and jumped. People began to _________with a light in their eyes.Someone else asked me to take Casey to a woman who was unable to move from her bed or even speak. As the woman petted(抚摸) Casey's head，I observed __62__ of a sharp and active mind behind her bright eyes. She happily responded to my questions with a smile a nod and an elegant wave of her hand when we left.I left the nursing home that day feeling very __63__ to Casey for the lesson he had taught me. I had been afraid to step outside the __64__ I had placed around myself and worried about how I would communicate with these people. Now I have learned that no one ever forgets the _____65_____ of sincerity. Casey and I continued visiting nursing homes for another three years until Casey died from a road accident.51. A. acknowledge B. admire C. bear D. avoid52. A. assumed B. deserved C. owned D. chosen53. A. overjoyed B. shocked C. annoyed D. disappointed54. A. timidly B. skillfully C. joyfully D. carefully55. A. requested B. called C. begged D. dragged56. A. typical B. traditional C. ideal D. official57. A. proposed B. contacted C. propelled D. persuaded58. A. required B. approved C. appointed D. welcomed59. A. met B. greeted C. supported D. entertained60. A. games B. tricks C. duties D. activities61. A. wane B. glow C. bloom D. prevail62. A. indications B. illustrations C. imaginations D. impressions63. A. regretful B. hopeful C. influential D. grateful64. A. setbacks B. dimensions C. boundaries D. reserves65. A. language B. cause C. process D. technique答案：ADBCB ABDBB BADCABMany theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency focus either on the individual or on society as the major influence. Theories _____66___ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through _____67_____with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commitcrimes in ____68______ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, _______69______ as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families; ____70_____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however are ___71______ and are ____72______ to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly ______73_____juvenile crime rates. ______74_____,changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment_____75______-make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in _____76___ lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also experienced changes these years. More families consist of one –parent households or two working parents, so children are likely to have less _____77____ at home than was common in the traditional family. This lack of parental monitoring is thought to be an influence on juvenile crimes rates. Other______78_____ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing _____79_____ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, ____80______ a direct relationship has not yet been established.66. A. acting B. relying C. centering D. commenting67. A. interaction B. assimilation C. cooperation D. consultation68. A. reaction B. view C. reference D. response69. A. or B. but rather C. but D. or else70. A. considering B. ignoring C. highlighting D. discarding71. A. prohibitive B. lucrative C. tentative D. degenerative72. A. subject B. immune C. resistant D. sensitive73. A. add B. reduce C. reflect D. affect74. A. on the other hand B. as a resultC. For exampleD. In addition75. A. in general B. on average C. by contrast D. by chance76. A. case B. return C. turn D. essence77. A. condolence B. sustenance C. cognition D. supervision78. A. assessable B. identifiable C. negligible D. incredible79. A. incidence B. awareness C. exposure D. popularity80. A. provided B. since C. although D. lest答案：CADAB CADCA CDBACCEight years ago, Facebook was a coding project in Mark Zuckerberg's dorm room.Now its an agressive business with $4 billion of revenue that is used by 1/8th of the world's population. Here are some reasons why--reasons that ____51___ to almost every business.1. Move fast.Mark Zuckerberg built the first ___52___ of Facebook in his spare time in his Harvard dorm room.He didn't write a business plan.He didn't ____53___ ask friends and advisors what they thought of the idea.He didn't "research the market," apply for patents or trademarks, assemble focus groups, or do any of the other things that entrepreneurs are ___54____ to do.He just built a cool product quickly and ____55____ it.And Facebook wasborn.2. Keep it simple .Many companies get so entranced with all the amazing ____56____hey want to build into their products that they make their products so complex enough for anyone to use them. The Fcebook team kept improving the design of the product,however,each time, they made sure that the service was still ____57___ to use.3. Make your primary focus the product, not the "business" or "shareholder value."Mark Zuckerberg was famously ____58___ in Facebook's business in the early days. In fact, he focused all of his energy on Facebook's product.This product obsession went so far that Zuckerberg continually ____59____ advertising clients, because he didn't want ads to muck up the service.As Facebook grew, Zuckerberg ___60___ his focus on the product. As Facebook prepared to go public, Zuckerberg wrote a letter to shareholders in which he stated the company's intention to focus on its "social mission" first and its business second,wishing them to ___61__with him in that regard.4. Get really really good at hiring... and really really good at firing.The ___62___of a company has nothing to do with its technology or current products. It has to do with its people.And building a great team means two things:Hiring well, and Firing well.It's easy to understand how to hire well.Firing well is also___63___. Hiring mistake is unvoidable . In Fcebook’s early days,the company made lots of hiring miatakes,but it ___64___them quickly.___65___if your company is growing rapidly,it will eventually outgrow some of your early executives-and you’ll need to repalce them.51.A.apply B.relate C.attach D.persist52.A .pattern B.version C.outline D.variety53.A.presently B.hastily C.endlessly D.eventually54.A.intended B.supposed C.trained D.urged55.A.pushed B.provided C.granted unched56.A.features B.operation C.skills D.OBJECTS57.A.difficult B.easy C.feasible D.accessible58.A.fancinated B.absorbed C.hesitant D.uninterested59.A.called in B.sent for C.asked after D.turned away60.A.switched sted C.maintained D.extended61.A.identify B.sympathize C.involve D.permit62.A.admiration B.outcome C.strength D.purpose63.A.efficient B.critical C.upright D.cruel64.A.solved B.dealt C.prepaired D.corrected65.A. In short B. In addition C. Even though D. As a result51-65 A B C B D A B D D C A C B D BDProbably the number one complaint about reading Shakespeare is that it doesn't always read like "normal" English. It’s a natural and reasonable 51 . Shakespeare wrote for an audience over 400 years ago. Think about how word meanings and expressions change over arelatively short time; four centuries bring with them a lot of 52 . The Renaissance and England’s emerging status as a sea power 53 the language to an ever-increasing range of cultures and languages. At thesame time, there was no real standardization in English. formal dictionaries and grammar textbooks 54 did not exist, and "proper" education focused much more on classical Latin than on colloquial English. Despite this neglect---or perhaps because of it---English by the reign of Elizabeth had a certain flexibility to it, of which Shakespeare 55 .So how can a reader today 56 that gap between then and now? There are two critical areas to 57 :word usage and grammar. Once you understand these fundamental concepts, Shakespeare becomes a lot more 58 .First and foremost, there have been numerous vocabulary changes in English since Shakespeare was writing. while many words are still recognizable today, others have shifted in their meaning or dropped altogether from usage.59 ,when was the last time you heard anyone use words such as bodkin(a piercing tool), contumely(verbal abuse),or fardel (a bundle)?Often the context in which a word is used will help you determine its meaning. A good 60 with detailed footnotes will help you, as well as a good dictionary. The main thing is to be aware that even a familiar word from today may be used with a different meaning in Shakespeare's works. Grammar is where the 61 of Shakespeare's English is often most apparent. 62 of speech are frequently switched, such as nouns or adjectives becoming verbs. Verbs and subjects don't always 63 . Even sentence construction can be 64 , with inversions of the basic subject-verb-object order. 65 we would say, "John caught the ball."Shakespeare might51--65 BBACC DACBA DACDBE1,000 Places to See before you Die is the book whose title has made it such a success and one of the most popular gift books on the market. With over 3 million copies in print and 25 translations, the book sold well enough to merit a full-color second __51__, which includes more than 200 new locations.“Some people have really taken it to heart,” says author Patricia Schultz, who dreamed up the idea for thebook after working for several years as a prolific travel writer. “People come to me when I do signing and say they have. __52__ it like the Bible. They have showed me these dog-eared, old coffee stained books where they have __53__ in yellow all the places they want to go ... People are actually color __54__ their whole lives around the book.”“__55__ the fragility of our life is something we are aware of but don’t talk about,” Schultz continues. “The title was meant to be __56__. With travel, people wait __57__ they retire or their kids leave. And by then, it is too late. You __58__ and you are 90. There is only one thing we are __59__ of in life, it is that you will die. “Schultz decided to include __60__ in the book for all the places she had been. She hopes that her work can shift American attitude towards travel. With economy still weak and workers concerned about their job security, taking vacation time can feel __61__ or excessive. But Schultz says, we only have one life, and it is worth using it to see the world. We lock ourselves into routines and what we __62__ seeing of the world is so small and limited. She once said “I think it is about priorities. I can’t tell you how many times I __63__ out my apartment, sometimes for two weeks or a month at a time. I did not have a sofa for years, __64__ I was never home to sit on it. My __65__ was to buy an air ticket to get me almost anywhere.”51.A.edition B.title C.pattern D.alternation52.A.judged B.embraced C.dismissed D.regarded53.A.decorated B.highlighted C.circulated D.drawn54.A.watering B.analyzing C.coding D.distinguishing55.A.Disappointedly B.Especially C.Occasionally D.Generally56.A.shocking B.forceful C.sensible D.passionate57.A.when B.if C.although D.until58.A.get up B.put off C.wake up D.make off59.A.assured B.confident C.proud D.ashamed60.A.emphasis B.instants C.inputs D.entries61.A.insensitive B.wise C.risky D.colorful62.A.end up B.work out C.make out D.settle down63.A.sold B.sent C.advertised D.rented64.A.because B.while C.unless D.in case65.A.ambition B.proposal C.priority D.principle51-65 ABBCD BDCAD CADAC。

静安区2023学年度第一学期期末教学质量调研高三英语试卷(满分140分,完卷时间120分钟)2023年12月考生注意：1.完卷时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。

2.本调研设试卷和答题纸两部分，全卷共12页。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

第Ⅰ卷(共100分)I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.In a gallery. B.At the barber's. C.In a restaurant. D.At the tailor's.2.A.Fellow workers. B.Family members.C.Doctor and patient.D.Driver and passenger.3.A.Choosing psychology. B.Choosing economics.C.Neither is a good choice.D.Choosing a major of interest.4. A.She did not feel sorry for being late for the appointment.B.She did not inform the man of her del ay in advance.C.She wasn't really caught in the traffic jam.D.She wasn't always late for the appointment.5. A.It was lost and won't be found. B.It was transferred to a different city.C.It was delivered to her hotel already.D.It was stolen during her trip.6．. A.He has realized he still leaves much to be desired.B.He is angry with not getting the lead role in the play.C.He is confident about getting the lead role next time.D.He feels reluctant to take the new responsibilities.7. A.They told a lot of stories during the meeting.B.There is no need for them to argue so fiercely in public.C.Both perspectives should be considered before judging.D.They should have resolved their issues in private.8. A.She has already been to the café.B.She is not interested in going to the café.C.She knows about the cafébut hasn't visited it.D.She wants to go to the caféright away.9. A.She expects the man to help Brian move to a new house.B.She expects the man to take mum to Brain's new house.C.She expects the man to celebrate mum's birthday together.D.She expects the man to make a phone call to Mum.10.A.The fantastic and high-quality camera. B.The need for better internet connectivity.C.Their favorite photography techniques.D.The pros and cons of a new smartphone.Sect ion BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.Its regular driving practices and poor vehicles.B.Its lack of green spaces and air cleaners.C.Its excessive water pollution and rubbish.D.Its high air pollution and crowded roads.12.A.Establishing a high interest loan scheme.B.Removing outdated black and white taxis.C.Encouraging customers to create new ideas.D.Making advertisements on old vehicles.13.A.Because customers are more friendly and richer.B.Because all new cabs provide air-conditioning.C.Because all new cabs are equipped with meters.D.Because car manufacturers can earn extra money.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.Canceling all the gifts. B.Applying a‘one-gift’rule.C.Giving children less time to play.D.Encouraging buying second-hand gifts.15.A.Buying a rare and expensive souvenir.B.Buying a hand-made craft product.C.Giving something that won't cost money.D.Giving an experience of something new.16.A.The waste caused by Christmas gifts.B.The importance of buying gifts for children.C.The creative ideas of giving gifts to avoid waste.D.The negative effects of receiving too many gifts.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.By trading physical items. B.By exchanging artistic creativity.C.By hosting art exhibitions.D.By making artistic advertisements.18.A.Painting and writing. B.Graphic design and photography.C.Music and album cover design.D.Video editing and project management.19.A.Members can benefit without efforts.B.Members can make money by providing artistic services.C.Members can get copyrights of other artistic offerings.D.Members can have access to the creative exchange list.petitive individualism. B.Artistic cooperation and inspiration.C.Individual fame in the art field.D.Material collaboration and exchange.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Japan's robot revolution in senior careJapan's artificial intelligence expertise is transforming the elder care industry,with21(specialize)robotic care accomplishing more than just taking pressure off the critical shortage of caregivers.Senior care facilities across Japan are testing out such new robots22deliver a collection of social and physical health care and the government-backed initiative has been met with positive reviews by elderly residents.The rapidly graying population23(eye)by the government as a potential market for medical technology now.Disappointing government predictions show that by2025,Japan's first baby boomers will have turned75 and about7million people are likely to suffer from some form of dementia(痴呆).The nation won't be able to avoid a dementia crisis24an additional380.000senior care workers.The long-standing shortage of professional care workers has encouraged the Japanese government25 (simplify)procedures for foreign caregivers to be trained and certified.The current Technical Intern Training Program between Vietnam,the Philippines,and Indonesia,under26Economic Partnership Agreement,was extended to include nursing care as well as agriculture,fishery,and construction sectors.27the government made efforts to increase the numbers of senior care workers,the target number of foreign graduates has still fallen flat,with the national caregiver examination proving a major obstacle to pass. The success rate for foreign students was a merely106students last year,28has slightly improved to216 students this year.Another depressing reality is that19to38percent of foreign nurses who pass the exam opt to leave the industry and return home,29(cite)tough work conditions and long hours.Given the challenges,this is 30the government believes care robots will be able to step in.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.smoothingB.remainC.switchedD.likelihoodE.impactF.tipG.broadly H.headed I.booming J.positioning K.reliablySea-level rise predictionsA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus,a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences,spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska's southeastern31near Disenchantment Bay.The glacier is unique because, unlike other glaciers,it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined,32,as one that starts flowing at least10times faster than normal.But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood,although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the33of glacial surging.During Turner's surges,the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly3feet a day to65feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea level rise,and current climate change models don't34account for these movements.For example,Greenland's glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise.Since the early2000s,Greenland35from not having any effect on world sea levels,to increasing sea level by about1millimeter per year.Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures,which leads to more ice melting.The other half,however,is because glaciers in Greenland are,as a whole,moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier.Glaciers are full of holes, and water runs through those holes.When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier,it starts to move,partly because it's lifting the mass of ice and rock off the ground and partly because it's36the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier,and how does the movement37the glacier’s speed?Those are the questions the scientists hope to answer.Bartholomaus,some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University,38onto the ice in August.They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters.They placed roughly30instruments,burying them deeply into the glacier and39them on rock outcroppings(露岩) alongside the glacier.This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries.Those instruments will40on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops,providing researchers with before and after data.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Investors probably expect that following the suggestions of stock analysts would make them better off than doing the exact opposite.41,recent research by Nicola Gennaioli and his colleagues shows that the best way to gain excess return s would be to invest in the shares least favored by analysts.They compute that,during the last 35years,investing in the10percent of U.S.stocks analysts were most42about would have yielded on average 3percent a year.43,investing in the10percent of stocks analysts were most pessimistic about would have yielded a surprising15percent a year.Gennaioli and colleagues shed light on this44with the help of cognitive sciences and,in particular,using Kahneman and Tversky's concept of representativeness.Decision makers,according to this view,45therepresentative features of a group or a phenomenon.These are defined as the features that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group.After observing strong earnings growth—the explanation goes—analysts think that the firm may be the next Google.“Googles”are in fact more frequent among firms experiencing strong growth,which makes them46. The problem is that“Googles”are very47in absolute terms.As a result,expectations become too optimistic, and future performance48.A model of stock prices in which investor beliefs follow this logic can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the beliefs of analysts and the dynamics(动态变化)of stock returns.In related work,the authors also show that the same model can49booms and busts in the volume of credit and interest rate spreads.These works are part of a research project aimed at taking insights from cognitive sciences and at50them into economic models.Kahneman and Tversky's concept of“representativeness”lies at the heart of this effort.“In a classical example,we51to think of Irishmen as redheads because red hair is much more frequent among Irishmen than among the rest of the world,”Prof.Gennaioli says.“However,only10percent of Irishmen are redheads.In our work,we develop models of belief formation that show this logic and study the52of this important psychological force in different fields.”Representativeness helps describe53and behavior in different fields,not only in financial markets.One such field is the formation of stereotypes about social groups.In a recent experimental paper,Gennaioli and colleagues show that representativeness can explain self-confidence,and in particular the54of women to compete in traditionally male subjects,such as mathematics.A slight prevalence of55male math ability in the data is enough to make math ability un-representative for women,driving their under confidence in this particular subject.41.A.Consequently B.Furthermore C.Nevertheless D.Meanwhile42.A.curious B.controversial C.concerned D.optimistic43.A.In brief B.By contrast C.In addition D.Without doubt44.A.engagement B.concentration C.puzzle D.definition45.A.memorize B.prioritize C.modernize D.fertilize46.A.representative B.argumentative C.executive D.sensitive47.A.harsh B.adaptable C.crucial D.rare48.A.cheers B.disappoints C.stabilizes D.improves49.A.account for B.count on C.suffer from D.hold up50.A.pouring B.admitting C.integrating D.tempting51.A.pretend B.afford C.offer D.tend52.A.effects B.delights C.intervals D.codespanions B.scales C.expectations D.findings54.A.necessity B.involvement C.perseverance D.reluctance55.A.equivalent B.exceptional C.mysterious D.distressingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best accordingto the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Montessori was born in Italy in1870with progressive parents,who frequently communicated with the country's leading thinkers and scholars.This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time.Her mother's support was vital for some important decisions,such as her enrolment in a technical school after her elementary education.Her parents'support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine,a field that was dominated by men.Soon after graduating,in1896,Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome,where she cared for children with learning difficulties.The rooms were bare,with just a few pieces of furniture.One day,she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs(面包屑)that had dropped on the floor.It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty.With the right learning materials,these and other young minds could be nurtured,Montessori concluded.The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses.In addition,each child should also be allowed to move and act freely,and use their creativity and problem-solving skills.Teachers took the role of guides,supporting the children without press or control.Montessori opened her first Children's House in1907.When the Fascists(法西斯主义者)first came into power in Italy in1922,they initially embraced her movement.But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children's freedom of expression.Montessori's values had always been about human respect,and the rights of children and women,but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame.Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools'educational content,and in 1934Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy.She didn't return to her homeland until1947,and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in1952,at the age of81.56.The primary reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method was.A.her family's supportive influence on her educationB.her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinicC.her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happilyD.her decision to study medicine,a field dominated by men57.What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method as described in the passage?A.Providing standardized,one-size-fits-all learning materials.B.Encouraging strict discipline and control over children's actions.C.Focusing on rote memorization and competition.D.Creating a free and children-centered learning environment.58.Montessori decided to leave Italy in1934because.A.she wanted to explore other countries and culturesB.she wanted to avoid the Fascist's influence on her workC.she was offered a better job in a different countryD.she wanted to retire and enjoy a peaceful life in another country59.Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage?A.Observant and innovative.B.Traditional and emotional.C.Progressive and dependent.D.Open-minded and indifferent.(B)Reducing the workweek to four days could have a climate benefit.In addition to improving the well-being of workers,cutting working hours may reduce carbon emissions.But those benefits would depend on a number of factors,experts emphasize,including how people choose to spend nonworking time.Commuting and travelTransportation is the biggest contributor to greenhouse emissions.A November2021survey of2,000employees and500business leaders in the United Kingdom found that if all organizations introduced a four-day week,the reduced trips to work would decrease travel overall by more than691million miles a week.But the climate benefits of less commuting could be eliminated,experts said,if people choose to spend their extra time off traveling,particularly if they do so by car or plane.Energy usageShorter working hours could lead to reductions in energy usage,experts said.According to a2006paper,if the United States adopted European work standards,the country would consume about20percent less energy.Energy could also be conserved if fewer resources are needed to heat and cool large office buildings, reducing demands on electricity.For example,if an entire workplace shuts down on the fifth day,that would help lower consumption—less so if the office stays open to accommodate employees taking different days off.Lifestyle changesIt's possible that fewer working hours may lead some people to have a larger carbon footprint,but experts say research suggests that most people are likely to shift toward more sustainable lifestyles.One theory is that people who work more and have less free time tend to do things in more carbon-intensive ways,such as choosing faster modes of transportation or buying prepared foods.Convenience is often carbon-intensive and people tend to choose convenience when they're time-stressed.Meanwhile,some research suggests that those who work less are more likely to engage in traditionally low-carbon activities,such as spending time with family or sleeping.“When we talk about the four-day workweek and the environment,we focus on the tangible,but actually,ina way,the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible,”experts said.60.What is identified as the leading cause of greenhouse emissions according to the passage?A.The well-being of employees.B.The conservation of energy.muting and travel.D.The European work standard.61.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence“the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible”in the lastparagraph?A.People will have big potential in achieving intangible benefits while working.B.People are more likely to engage in carbon-intensive activities due to time constraints.C.People may shift toward more sustainable lifestyles and lower carbon footprints.D.People may travel more frequently by car or plane during their extra time off.62.The passage is mainly written to.A.highlight the importance of shortening working time in the context of well-beingB.provide an overview of transportation emissions worldwideC.analyze the impact of reduced working hours on mode of businessD.illustrate factors affecting the climate benefits of a shorter workweek(C)The cultivation of plants by ants is more widespread than previously realized,and has evolved on at least15 separate occasions.There are more than200species of an t in the Americas that farm fungi(真菌)for food,but this trait evolved just once sometime between45million and65million years ago.Biologists regard the cultivation of fungi by ants as true agriculture appearing earlier than human agriculture because it meets four criteria:the ants plant the fungus, care for it,harvest it and depend on it for food.By contrast,while thousands of ant species are known to have a wide variety of interdependent relationships with plants,none were regarded as true agriculture.But in2016,Guillaume Chomicki and Susanne Renner at the University of Munich,Germany,discovered that an ant in Fungi cultivates several plants in a way that meets the four criteria for true agriculture.The ants collect the seeds of the plants and place them in cracks in the bar k of trees.As the plants grow, they form hollow structures called domain that the ants nest in.The ants defecate(排便)at designated absorptive places in these domain,providing nutrients for the plant.In return,as well as shelter,the plant provides food in the form of fruit juice.This discovery prompted Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships to see if there are other examples of plant cultivation that have been overlooked.“They have never really been looked at in the framework of agriculture,”says Chomicki,who is now at the University of Sheffield in the UK.“It's definitely widespread.”The team identified37examples of tree-living ants that cultivate plants that grow on trees,known as epiphytes(附生植物).By looking at the family trees of the ant species,the team was able to determine on how many occasions plant cultivation evolved and roughly when.Fifteen is a conservative estimate,says Campbell.All the systems evolved relatively recently,around1million to3million years ago,she says.Whether the37examples of plant cultivation identified by the team count as true agriculture depends on the definitions used.Not all of the species get food from the plants,but they do rely on them for shelter,which is crucial for ants living in trees,says Campbell.So the team thinks the definition of true agriculture should include shelter as well as food.63.According to biologists,why is ant-fungus cultivation considered as a form of true agriculture?A.Because it occurred earlier than human agriculture.B.Because it fulfills the standards typical of agricultural practices.C.Because it redefines the four criteria for true human agriculture.D.Because it is less common than previously thought.64.What motivated Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships?A.They determined on new family trees of the ant species.B.They overlooked some tree-living ants that provided nutrients for the plants.C.They never studied the ant-plant relationships within the context of agriculture.D.They never identified any an t species that engaged in cultivation of fungi.65.Which of the following statements is supported by the team's findings according to the passage?A.Ants’cultivation of plants is limited to a few specific species.B.The cultivation of fungi by ants is considered the earliest form of agriculture.C.True agriculture in ants involves only food-related interactions with plants.D.Ants have independently cultivated plants on at least15distinct occasions.66.What is the passage mainly about?A.The evolution of ants in the plant kingdom.B.The widespread occurrence of ant-plant cultivation.C.The discovery of a new ant species engaging in agriculture.D.The contrast between ant agriculture and human agriculture.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.In the end,it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity.B.Doppelgängers will also have some of the same DNA as you.C.To enter your workplace,you likely need to be recognizable.D.Why are people interested in finding their possible doppelgangers?E.Eventually,discovering a person's doppelgänger might widen trust boundaries.F.A doppelgänger was said to be a spirit-double that copied every human and beast on earth.What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you?Would it be a good thing?And if you did have one,would you want to meet them?Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you.Your passport,ID card and driving license all feature your face.67You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.The word‘doppelgänger’refers to a person who looks the same as you,essentially sharing your features; those that you thought were unique to you and your identity.Not identical twins,as a doppelgänger has no relation to you.The idea originated in German folklore.68So,let's get real.What are the chances of you having one in the first place?There's said to be a one in135 chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world,so the chances are pretty low,despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise.And the chances of meeting?The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.That said,these statistics may be a good thing.Historically,having a double wasn't always a positive.Back in1999,an innocent American man,indistinguishable from the real criminal,was sent to prison for robbery, where he stayed for19years.69.In a different case,a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelgänger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!70The fascination with doppelgängers may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meantthey were from the same family or had a common ancestor.It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike,creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting.However,as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing,we understand that after such an experience,you might not want to meet your doppelgänger again.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Competitive CheerleadingOver the years,cheerleading has taken two primary forms:game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading.Game-time cheerleaders'main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers,which should not be considered a sport.However,competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment.It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity.The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling(翻腾运动)ability.It's a very common thing for gymnasts,so it's easy for them to go into competitive ually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling,and overall energy.They also perform lifts and throws.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared.It is awarded points for technique,creativity and ually the more difficult the action is,the better the score is.That's why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.Besides,there is also a strict rule of time.The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds,during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area.Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries.According to some research,competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women.Generally,these injuries affect all areas of the body,including wrists,shoulders,ankles,head, and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills.It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down.So without working together to achieve the goal,first place is out of reach.第Ⅱ卷(共40分)V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.如果不好好准备，周五的演讲可能会变得一塌糊涂。

徐汇中学2021学年高三年级第一学期流水号期中考试英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 7:00 B. 3:00 C. 10:00 D. 4:002. A. Walk around the corner.B. Take a taxi to the hotel.C. Telephone the hotel for directions.D. Ask another person.3. A. She lives near the beach.B. She often goes to the beach.C. She has a weekend job at the beach.D. She misses the way to the beach.4. A. She doesn’t plan to work in her brother’s law firm.B. She doesn’t want to be a criminal lawyer.C. She is considering becoming a tax lawyer.D. She has decided not to go to law school.5. A. It is too big.B. It is too old-fashioned.C. It is very expensive.D. It is very small.6. A. The professor might give an exam in class.B. The man might not be able to leave campus early.C. They might not finish their oral presentations.D. This week’s class might be longer than expected.7. A. Invite his roommate to a party.B. Ask his roommate to go to the housing office.C. Stop complaining about his roommate.D. Try to get a different roommate.8. A. Buy a new book.B. Borrow her book.C. Check the classroom again.D. Ask about the book at the lost-and-found.9. A. He’s improved the way he looks.B. He manages his time well.C. He looks happier lately.D. He follows directions more carefully now.10. A. He doesn’t have any paper towels.B. They don’t need any more paper bags.C. There is no need to keep the eggs.D. He thinks a mop would work better.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. How she got her first digital camera.B. A picture she took with her box camera.C. A trip that she and her parents took to the beach.D. Why she started to learn how to ski.12. A. Her parents had never taken her abroad before.B. She didn’t know the destination until the day they started off.C. She and her family usually preferred the seaside to mountains.D. Her parents prepared some surprise gifts for her on the journey.13. A. She hasn’t ever tried it.B. She doesn’t love it.C. She doesn’t find it interesting.D. She isn’t sure whether she can do it now.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Maine was less influenced by the French people.B. Maine had better employment opportunities.C. Maine was politically stable.D. Maine had a better climate.15. A. The area was economically unified.B. The authorities were unable to enforce law and order.C. The two governments fought for control of the area.D. Most of the people living there spoke mainly French.16. A. The latest practice of accurate mapmaking.B. The impact of diseases on immigration.C. The advantages of establishing international trade agreements.D. The technology used to locate the Old Canada Road.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Parents have no time to prepare food.B. Children pay no attention to their health.C. Parents use sweets as an occasional treat.D. Children get nutrition from sugary snacks.18. A. Calories that do nothing to people.B. Calories that are good for health.C. Calories that people still need.D. Calories that come from food.19. A. They will find the term confusing.B. They will get more addicted to sugar.C. They will feel exhausted for some time.D. They will have headaches two days later.20. A. Have a sugar-free week.B. Buy cars with good brakes.C. Take more break after work.D. Watch what will happen to lab rats.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s good to share, right? Growing up as kids, we are told to share our toys and not to be selfish. We also live in an age when unfolding our feeling is encouraged. But when does it all become too excessive? With new crazes (21) __________ (sweep) network platforms, such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress, the question is: when (22) __________ sharing evolve into oversharing on social media?What is oversharing? The term has become associated with social media, but it isn’t exclusive to this platform. Imagine (23) __________ heading to a party and you encounter someone. Within five minutes they have disclosed intimate details about their life. (24) __________ some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage therapist Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could be rooted in a strong desire (25) __________(connect) with someone. But how does this translate to social media?Dr Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology, says the more details people disclose, (26) __________ (sympathetic) we are when things go wrong. This could be due to a belief (27) __________ they attract our own negative experiences if they share more. It seems that sadfishing, the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing,(28) __________ __________the cry for help is generally considered as negative.However, Dr Hand’s research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become -- (29) __________ the posts we bang out are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD, said that we should avoid being ones (30) __________ (complain) without stop and being negative online. We should also steer clear of showing off or bragging, as it’s now known-- especially about our love lives. It makes sense -- suppose your date is going “that well”, would you really have time to share a photo with text?So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your close friends in real life? They will probably be more than happy to tell you whether your posts about your breakfast or your complaints on your rainy days are too much.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. addressB. emergedC. harmoniouslyD. withdrewE. complexF. fashionG. troublesomeH. understandablyI. initialJ. harvestK. novelWith the rapid growth of the aging population in China, the installation of elevators in old communities has gradually become an inevitable issue. A lot of neighborhoods are living no longer (31) __________ due to the living ills of their six-story, elevator-less buildings.Recently, a residential (32)__________ in Hangzhou has come up with an initiative designed to (33) __________ the problem as to how to raise funds for facilities much-needed by elderly residents, which are called “public transit elevators.” Pay one yuan, and you can take the ride once, just like taking a bus. The price remains unchanged whether you take the lift by yourself or with your whole family. From my perspective, this (34)__________ solution is quite necessary, but still needs improvement.The greatest concern is the price. Residents in old communities have been at odds with one another regarding how to most effectively distribute the necessary money with which to pay for the installation of elevators. Most residents living on lower floors are (35)__________ reluctant to pay for an elevator to be installed given that it will likely end up occupying their common area of public space. For those living on higher floors, however, the lack of elevator can often be quite (36) __________, especially for the elderly. Therefore, although the installation charge has been cut down to a very low level by adding pay-to-use elevators, how to properly allocate(分配) the (37)__________ costs involved remains to be negotiated. Another problem has (38)__________ concerning who’ll ultimately pay for the ride, suppose two families share one elevator at the same time.Much easier as it is to work things on paper, it requires a considerable investment of financial and material resources in its initial stage, and it will only be able to (39)__________ subtle returns, at least in the short run, making it challenging for whatever authority to carry out the proposal.Still we have to place ourselves in the position in which we can best serve the greater society and by this, treat the issue in a more reasonable (40) __________ so as to minimize any potential losses.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Faster, cheaper, better---- technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future. As we move into the 2020s, however, (41) __________ is in short supply. The new technologies (42) __________ the past decade seem to mess up the things. Social media are better known for invading privacy and spreading fake news. E-commerce is (43) __________ with underpaying workers and increasing inequality. Parents worry that smartphones have turned their children into screen-addicted zombies (僵尸).(44) __________, the technologies also seem to be casting a dark shadow. AI may well threaten your job. Internet giants have changed from talent (45) _________ to outcasts(被排斥者). “A mood of pessimism”,the New York Times writes, has (46)__________ “the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions.”(47)__________ that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good have arisen before. In the 1970s, the gloom was caused by fears of overpopulation and the prospect of nuclear disaster. The 1920s witnessed a boycott(抵制) of cars, which had been seen as a(n) (48) __________ solution to horse-drawn vehicles. Similarly, in the 19th century industrialization was greeted with (49) __________ from socialists.However, a sense of techno-pessimism can be (50) __________. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology, while taking its benefits for granted. Worries about screen time should be (51) __________ the much more real advantages of instant communication and easy access to information that smartphones make possible. A further danger is what Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a “technology trap.” Fears that robots will (52) __________ people of their jobs may motivate politicians to tax them. (53) __________, countries wishing to maintain level of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.It’s the choices people make about technology that (54) __________ the world. As a result, the techlash (技术抵制潮) is a necessary step in the adoption of new technologies. At its best, it helps frame how society gives in to innovations and imposes rules and policies against their (55) __________ potential.41. A. challenge B. optimism C. imagination D. knowledge42. A. dominating B. spoiling C. featuring D. justifying43. A. experimented B. charged C. loaded D. threatened44. A. Undoubtedly B. Frustratingly C. Fortunately D. Importantly45. A. trainers B. competitors C. magnets D. reminders46. A. converted B. mirrored C. replaced D. proved47. A. Concerns B. Predictions C. Notices D. Exceptions48. A. unnecessary B. common C. impractical D. marvelous49. A. competition B. reform C. criticism D. compliment50. A. adjusted B. valued C. underestimated D. overdone51. A. combined with B. substituted for C.weighed against D. compared to52. A. rob B. aid C. guide D. assess53. A. Likewise B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore54. A. improve B. destroy C. shape D. create55. A. suspicious B. disastrous C. commercial D. promisingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AFlooded by more information than we can possibly hold in our heads, we’re increasingly shifting from the job of remembering to search engines and smartphones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you’re looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory -- and expecting that information will be continually and immediately available--- is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments have shown that when we don’t know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find certain information again later on, we don’t remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers’ final observation: the expectation that we’ll be able to locate information down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we’ll be able to find it.But this shift comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can’t be Googled as we go; they need to be stored in our internal long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, “factual knowledge must precede skill” says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia -- meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren’t over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate the new information they encounter. You can’t Google context.56. According to the passage, the term “cognitive habits” (Paragraph 1) refers to __________.A. how we deal with informationB. where we locate informationC. what we think of informationD. how we get rid of information57. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research is true?A. We remember people and things as much as before.B. We remember more internet connections than before.C. We pay equal attention to the location and content of information.D. We tend to remember where we can locate information rather than the corefacts themselves.58. Google’s eyeglasses, as a search engine, are considered to __________.A. function as a form of our external memoryB. improve our ability to remember things.C. help us see human faces bettersD. work like smartphones59. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Web connections aid our memory.B. People differ in what they remember.C. People store memories on smartphones.D. People should exercise their memory more.BGuaranteed! The Fastest Way to Learn a Language Finally, we have a different approach that has millions of people talking. Using the award-winning Dynamic Immersion method, our interactive software teaches without translation, memorization or grammar drills. Combining thousands of real-life images and the voices of native speakers in a step-by-step immersion process, our programs successfully copy the experience of learning your native language.Guaranteed to teach faster and easier than any other language product or your money back. No questions asked.Chinese Vietnamese Russian Indonesia KoreanHebrew Danish English Spanish HindiPortuguese Welsh Greek DutchStep-by -step immersion Instruction in all key language skills:Listening: Native speakers are employed to help you develop your understanding of the spoken language naturally.Each fully interactive course includes:●CD-ROM with 20 activities in each lesson ●Previews, comprehensive exercises andexamples for each lesson●Automated tutorials that assess where youneed extra help●Curriculum text and a user’s guideReading: Text exercises develop your reading skills by linking written language to real-life objects, actions and ideas. Speaking: Speech-recognition feature records and compare your voice to the native speaker’s and grades your pronunciation. Writing: Practice writing the language you’re learning with the program to guide you. The dictation program evaluates your spelling , syntax and punctuation.Level 1 CD_ROM ---------------------$139 Level 2 CD-ROM ----------------------$159Level 1&2 Normally $299 Now $206.10 Call today or buy online for a 20% discountTheRoseStone.co/wds016Call 1800-6310-1389Use promotional code wds016 when placing anorder.All major credit cards accepted.60. Which of the following is the main advantage of the Dynamic Immersion method?A. It encourages the active memorization of words.B. It provides the user with extensive exercises in grammar.C. It allows the user to acquire a language in a shorter time than the average.D. It teaches by translating the foreign into the user’s native language.61. In order to know his or her progress, a user of this software has to __________.A. turn to the automated tutorialsB. complete all the 20 activities in each lessonC. call 1800-6310-1389 to consult with a teacherD. compare his or her voice with the native language62. Which of the following skills in the program has more to do with the learner’s life experiences?A. ListeningB. ReadingC. SpeakingD. WritingC“In every known human society the male’s needs for achievement can be recognized ... In a great number of human societies men’s sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activities that women are not allowed to. The maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some fields or performing some feat (壮举).”This is the conclusion of the anthropologist (人类学家) Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women is society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered, it would seem that the formal liberation of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defence which men have thrown up around their, by far and away, accepted advantages, taking sometimesthe obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women’s claims to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men’s status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. We witness the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of previously exclusively male pastimes.In the ancient natural society, cave men went out and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women kept the fire going. Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive and natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology (考古学), but that does not matter since it’s not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people’s sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles and the two sexes.63. The phrase “men’s sureness of their sex role” in the first paragraph suggests that they ________.A. are confident in their ability to charm womenB. take the initiative in work and lifeC. have a clear idea of what is considered “manly”D. tend to be more immoral than women are64. The third paragraph does NOT mention that men ________.A. prevent women from taking up certain professionsB. secretly admire women’s intellect and resolutionC. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in businessD. forbid women to join certain clubs and societies.65. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph ________.A. is based on the study of ancient societiesB. illustrates how people expect men to behaveC. is dismissed by author as an irrelevant jokeD. proves that men, not women, should be the breadwinner66. The opening quotation (Paragraph 1) from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between men and women which the author __________.A. approves ofB. takes for grantedB. completely rejects D. expects to go on changingSection CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. However, take care not to do too much exercise.B. Most governments urge people to do a little every day, or at least spread their exercise over the week.C. Having a busy weekend with three or four hours spent taking exercise does more good than thought.D. Could you ever get too much of a good thing?E. But what do you actually have to do to get the desired results?F. The WHO’s definition of moderate exercise includes housework and gardening.The benefits of exercise have been fully noted and your resolutions have been made. Yes, you want to be fit and live a long and healthy life. (67)__________ __________.According to standard advice issued by the World Health Organization, adults should be getting at least 150 minutes of moderate physical workout or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week to extend their lives, get fit, have stronger muscles and be a healthy weight. If that didn’t already sound a lot, the WHO says to double that if you want to get further benefits.The good news for those who dislike sports is that it’s possible to stick to these guidelines without entering a gym or breaking into a jog. (68)__________________.This idea is in line with evidence from a study last year of more than 130,000 people in 17 countries, which found that walking to work and housework such as vacuuming or mopping the floor are activities enough to reduce the risk of early death by 28 per cent, as long as you do 150 minutes a week. If you aren’t one for housework, you will be pleased to hear that your weekly amount of exercise can be put into the weekend with no ill effects, says Gray Donovan of Loughbirough University, UK. (69)____________________ But his team analyzed data from more than 63,000 adults in the UK covering 18 years and found that people who favored a “weekend fighter” plan had pretty much the same reduced risk of early death from all causes as those who spread out exercise. “One weekly exercise is usually sufficient to reduce mortality and morbidity (死亡率和发病率),” Donovan says. Even weekend fighters who did less than the recommended amount for the week fared better than inactive people.(70)____________________ “No level of exercise is too much,” says Donovan. “There’s no increase in mortality or morbidity if you keep increasing the amount.” Just don’t go too hard each time.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Hosting the OlympicsToday, the Olympic Games are one of the most popular and most watched events on earth. Every four years, many countries bid for the Games. Why do they do this? What are the advantages of hosting such an event?A world-class event demands world-class facilities from the host city, and any which do not already exist will have to be built. These will remain for the local population to enjoy after the Games are over. An example of this is the accommodation which will have to be built, not only for the athletes in their Olympic village, but also for visitors. Later this can be transformed into permanent accommodation for tourists and students. The transport system must also be taken into consideration. Hosting the Olympics means having an effective wide-reaching system, which is essential to carry people safely and efficiently to their destinations. Such a transport system is a great advantage for any city and will be in service for the years to come.Funding any great event is a costly business, but many companies fiercely compete to become sponsors of such global events as it is an ideal platform for advertising. This means that advertising profits can easily cover a large proportion of the cost involved. In addition, the broadcasting rights can be a source of finance. For example, the national American TV company NBC paid $3.5 billion to broadcast the Olympic Games between 2000 and 2008.Another consideration is employment. High-tech video cameras are already common in most of our big cities today, and increasing the manpower necessary to guarantee the safety of all concerned provides valuable employment opportunities. Indeed, the organization of such an event gives rise to a large number of jobs in a variety of sectors including security, catering and hospitality.It’s universally agreed that the host city gains overall in terms of improvements in facilities and infrastructure. But this is not all. Not only do the improved facilities remain after the Games have gone, but the city also becomes a significant place in its own right.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.71. 要不了多久，一年一度的购物节将拉开帷幕。

2020届上海市上海中学高三英语第一次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAre you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to? Try some of these places.★Visit art museums.They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids' interest. Many offer workshops for making hand-made pieces, traveling exhibits, book signings by children's favorite writer, and even musical performances and other arts.★Head to a natural history museum.This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur(恐龙) models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.★Go to a Youtheater.Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors.Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts Puppet(木偶)making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.★Tryhands-on science.Visit one of the many hands-on science museums aroundthe country.These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums.1.If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit _____.A.a YoutheaterB.an art museumC.a hands-on science museumD.a natural history museum2.What does "hands-on science" mean in the last paragraph?A.Science games designed by kids.B.Learning science by doing things.C.A show of kids' science work.D.Reading science books.3.Where does this text probably come from?A.A museum guide.B.A tourist map.C.A science textbook.D.A news report.BWhen you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than striding down a sidewalk — because the weightof your body pushes into the sand. Turns out, the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads. The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹陷) in the pavement (路面) — and it makes it such that it’s continuously driving up a very shallow hill.Jeremy Gregory, a sustainability scientist at M.I.T. and histeam modeled how much energy could be saved — and green-house gases avoided — by simply stiffening (硬化) the nation’s roads and highways. And they found that stiffening 10 percent of the nation’s roads every year could prevent 440 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over the next five decades — enough to offset half a percent of projected transportation sector emissions over that time period. To put those emissions savings into context — that amount is equivalent to how much CO2 you’d spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground — or by growing seven billion trees — for a decade.The results are in the Transportation Research Record.As for how to stiffen roads? Gregory says you could mix small amounts of synthetic fibers orcarbon nanotubes into paving materials. Or you could pave with cement-based concrete, which is stiffer than asphalt (沥青).This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual hurdles. Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector, you’re talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people — as opposed to changing the way we design and maintain our pavements. That’s just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies. And when it comes to retrofitting (翻新) our streets and highways —those agencies are where the rubber meets the road.4. Why does the author mention “walk on a sandy beach” in paragraph 1?A. To present a fact.B. To make a contrast.C. To explain a rule.D. To share an experience.5. What suggestion does the author give to reduce CO2 emissions?A. Hardening the road.B. Keeping oil in the ground.C. Growing trees for decades.D. Improving the transportation.6. What is the advantage of this suggestion?A. Gaining more support.B. Consuming less money.C. Involving more people.D. Facing fewer usual obstacles.7. What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph?A.Those agencies are likely to make more rules.B. Those agencies will change some related policies.C. Those agenciesmight put more rubber tires on the roads.D. Those agencies will play a key role in making this happen.CYou don't generally expect to put yourself in the public eye whenyou go on vacation. However when a British couple, Jessica and Edward, flew to Crete, they found themselves attracting a lot of attention after coming across a large sum of money in the street.At first, their Crete vacation hadn't been anything outside of the norm. However, it was as they were exploring the souvenir shops that everything changed. The couple were just walking down the street when Jessica suddenly kicked something lying on the ground. It looked a bit like a make-up bag and so they assumed that someone had lost it.Without hesitation, Jessica picked up the bag and opened it. She was shocked to see a lot of money in it-a total of 7,100 Euros. There was probably a lot they could do with all that money. However, the couple didn't have it in them to steal what belonged to someone else. Going to the police was the first thought that came to mind when Jessica saw the money. She didn't consider that there was any other choice, so the couple handed over the money to the local police.The police found the owner, an elderly woman, and informed the couple that the woman wanted to meet them. When they eventually met at the police station, the woman was so overcome with emotion that she wouldn't stop hugging and blessing them, although they insisted they were just doing the right thing.News of what the couple had done quickly made its way around the island. The locals wanted to show them their gratitude. This included receiving free taxi rides and even an offer to have their hotel room upgraded. The couple appreciated the kindness, but it was all getting to be a bit too much. They just wanted to have a normal vacation.They are probably hoping that they fly a little more under the radar during their next vacation. There's only so much attention that these two lovebirds can handle.8. What is the first reaction of the couple after finding the money?A. They decided to do all with that money.B. They bought something in souvenir shops.C. They turned it over to the local police station.D. They tried to look for the owner by themselves.9. Which o£ the following can best describe the locals in Crete?A. Polite and hard-working.B. Kind and grateful.C. Sociable and honest.D. Rich and determined.10. Why do the couple hope to “fly a little more under the radar" in the last paragraph?A. They want to take fewer flights.B. They can't handle more radars.C. They hope to gain less attention.D. They don't have more money.11. What can we learn from the text?A. Good things come to kind people.B. The early bird catchesthe worm.C. Behind bad luck conies good luck.D. Money is too much for strangers.DWhen I was a kid, my mom set aside some breakfast food for supper every nowand then. I remember one night after a long, hard day at work, my mom placed a plate of eggs, sausage, and a plate of extremely burnt biscuits on the table. I waited to see if my dad would get annoyed.All my dad did was to reach for the biscuits, smile at my mom and ask me how my day at school had been. I don't remember what I told him that night but I do remember watching him add butter and jelly on that ugly burnt biscuit and ate every bite of that thing. He never made a face nor uttered a word about it!When I rose from the table that evening, I remember hearing my mom apologize to my dad for overcooking the biscuits and I will never forget what he said, “Honey, I love burnt biscuits every now and then."Later that night, I went to say good night to my daddy, and I wondered if he really liked his biscuits burnt. He wrapped me up in his arms and said gently, "Your mom put in a hard day at work today and she is really tired. Besides, a little burnt biscuit never hurt anyone!As I have grown older, I've thought about that many times. Life is full of imperfect things and imperfect people. Learning to accept each other's faults and choosing to celebrate each other's differences contribute to a healthy, growing, and lasting relationship. We could extend this philosophy to any relationship, such as a husband-wife, parent-child, or friendship. Don't put the key to your happiness in someone else's pocket. Keep it in your own. So, please pass me a biscuit, and yes, the burnt one will do just fine.12. How did the author's dad react to the burnt biscuit?A. He set it aside for breakfast.B. He ate butter and jelly instead.C. He uttered his complaints loudly.D. He ate it up as if nothing happened.13. Which of the following words can best describe the author's dad?A. Caring.B. Determined.C. ProudD. Hardworking.14. What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph?A. Show understanding to imperfect things.B. Ask the children to respect their parents.C. Enjoy the over-cooked biscuits willingly.D. Make important decisions on your own.15. In which section of a magazine may this passage appear?A. History and culture.B. Family and relationship.C. Cuisine and health.D. Entertainment and sports.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

高三英语试卷 第1页 共10页 浦东新区2024学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测 高三英语试卷 （考试时间：105分钟 满分：115分）

I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Reluctant influencers When I started posting videos regularly to grow my on-camera video-coaching business, a friend asked me, “Are you trying to be an influencer?” I hesitated at the question. The word “influencer” (1)_________ (coin) in the 1600s now has become associated with faint negative implications. We’ve all heard of celebrities being accused of “trying too hard”. And perhaps that’s what’s happening to business people as well. My concern as a marketer is that real business people (2)_________ could gain a lot from social media are avoiding the label “influencer” so much that they are hiding entirely. Hiding from the camera is hiding from clients. As I continued to create and post videos, I noticed that the number of my audience was twice (3)_________ of the previous month, and likes were rising. It was then that I realized I was using my platform to make a difference in people’s lives. No longer was I worried about what it meant or (4)_________ others perceived it. I had found my own way to connect with people on a more personal level and make a positive impact. That was what (5) _________ (count). Pat Flynn, founder of Smart Passive Income, has no issue with (6)_________ (call) an influencer. He feels, (7)_________ people are watching, it’s important to set a good example in your behavior. He adds that he doesn’t take that responsibility lightly because he is able to help people (8)_________ the things he does in the example. (9)_________ (break) free from this prejudice, remember why you are on social media. It is not called private media. Never (10)_________ (keep) yourselves blocked by a label. Showing up on camera can be the most efficient and effective way to build credibility and leads online.