上海市上海中学高三上学期英语周练试题1 含答案

2021-2022学年交大附中高三第一学期第一次测试卷 9.19一、语法One day a two-year-old boy had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grasp on the bottle and it fell, ____1____(spill) its contents all over the kitchen floor——a sea of milk!Seeing at this, his mother instead of shouting at him or punishing him, said, “Robert, what a wonderful mess you have made! I have rarely seen such a huge pool of milk. Well, the damage ___2________(do). You know, Robert, __3______ a mess like this is made, it has to be cleaned up and everything restored to its proper order. So ,how would you like to do that? We ___4_______ use a towel or a mop. Which do you prefer? ”He chose the towel and together th ey cleaned up the spilt milk.His mother then said, “Robert, what we had there was a _5______(fail) experiment in _6____ to effectively carry a milk bottle with two tiny hands. Let’s go out to the backyard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it __7___ dropping it.” The little boy learned that if the bottle was grasped at the top near the lip with both hands, it could be carried without being dropped.At that moment the little boy came to understand he didn’t need to be afraid to _8____(make) mistakes. Instead, he learnt that mistakes were just opportunities for learning ___9______ new.Today, the boy is an outstanding scientist ___10_____ has made several important medical breakthroughs.二、选词When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the US has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be_____wasteful to tear them all down and _____ them with greener versions. A(n )_____ amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the_____carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up f or the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest_____, the greatest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of US carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and_____our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing building," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some_____, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that _____over time and let in more outside air.Fortunately, there are a vast number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from_____ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades can save more than just the earth, they can help_____property owners from rising power costs.Ask most people how they define the American Dream and chances are they’ll say, “Success.”The dream of individual opportunity has been home in America since Europeans discovered a “new world”in the Western Hemisphere. Early immigrants like Hector St. Jean de Crevecoeur praised highly the freedom and opportunity to be found in this new land. His glowing descriptions of a_____society where anyone could attain success through honesty and hard work fired the imaginations of many European readers: in Letters from an American Farmer (1782) he wrote. “We are all excited at the spirit of an industry which is unfettered (无拘无束的) and unrestrained, because each person works for himself … We have no princes, for whom we labor，starve, and bleed: we are the most perfect society now existing in the world.” The promise of a land where “the rewards of a man’s _____follow with equal steps the progress of his labor”drew poor immigrants from Europe and_____ national expansion into the western territories.Our national mythology is full of_____ of the American success story. There’s Benjamin Franklin,A.expandB.exceptionsC.historicD.incrediblyE.poweringF.protectG.reducedH.replaceI.senseJ.varied H.enormous A.industry B.inevitably C.strongly D.fueled E.humble F.longing G.classless H.invaded I.status plicatedK.illustrationsthe very model of the self-educated, self-made man, who rose from_____origins to become a well-known scientist, philosopher, and statesman. In the nineteenth century, Horatio Alger, a writer of fiction for young boys, became American ’s best-selling author with rags-to-riches tales. The_____of success haunts us: we spend million every year reading about the rich and famous, learning how to “make a fortune in real estate with no money down,” and “dressing for success.” The myth of success has even_____our personal relationships: today it ’s as important to be “successful ” in marriage or parenthoods as it is to come out on top in business.But dreams easily turn into nightmares. Every American who hopes to “make it ” also knows the fear of failure, because the myth of success_____ implies comparison between the haves and the have-nots, the stars and the anonymous crowd. Under pressure of the myth, we become indulged in _____symbols: we try to live in the “right ” neighborhoods, wear the “right ” clothes, eat the “right ” foods. These symbols of distinction assure us and others that we believe_____in the fundamental equality of all, yet strive as hard as we can to separate ourselves from our fellow citizens.三、完型Playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers take them for granted. This is especially true 41 children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and 42 sports programs and make sure that there is easy 43 to participation opportunies. Children in low-income familiesand poor communities are less likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often 44 the resources needed to pay for participation 45 , equipment, and transportation to practices and games as their communities do not have resources to build and 46 sports fields and facilities.Organized youth sports first appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed 47 some educators and developmental experts 48 that the behavior and character of children were 49 influenced by their social surroundings and everyday experiences. This 50 many people to believe that if youcould organize the experiences of children in 51 ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.This belief that the social 52 influenced a person’s overall development was very 53 to people interested in progress and reform in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about 54 they might control the experiences of children to 55 responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a growing capitalist economy depended on the productivity of workers.41. A) amongB) withinC) onD) towards42. A) spread B) speed C) spin D) sponsor43. A) access B) entrance C) chance D) route 44. A) shrink B) tighten C) limit D) lack 45. A) bill B) accounts C) fees D) fare 46. A) maintain B) contain C) sustain D) entertain47. A) before B) whileC) until D) when48. A) realized B) recalled C) expected D) exhibited 49. A) specifically B) excessivelyC) strongly D) exactly50. A) movedB) conducted C) putD) led51. A) precise B) precious C) particular D) peculiar52. A) engagement B) environment C) state D) status53. A) encouraging B) disappointing C) upsetting D) surprising54. A) what B) how C) whatever D) however 55. A) multiply B) manufacture C) produce D) provide 四、阅读 (A)There Student thieves look out. Students can easily get many research papers off the Internet. A new Web site could help teachers catch copiers.Some students research and write their term papers. Others, however, just copy them off theInternet and turn them in as their work.Two graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley have written a program to catch the students who copy. It compares a student’s paper with every other term paper on the Web.A hundred million Web pages on the Internet are searched. The top 20 search engines are used for the search. This service can be found at www. plagiarism. com. They also have a local data base of term papers.Teachers who sign up can send their students’ papers to the Web site. Within 24 hours they know if the student did the work.Every sentence that was a word-for-word match with another sentence either found on the Internet or within our database is coded.A U.C. Berkeley professor told his class he would use the program. Still some students copied papers. All 300 papers went through the program. In 45 papers or 15 percent of students had cut and pasted large amounts of material from different World Wide Web sites.Students that say they didn’t copy can defend themselves. They can show the instructors where they got their material. Students at universities try hard to get good grades. Some students welcome the Internet research watchdog because they say it is fair to all. They think copying is wrong.56. One reason why plagiarism has increased is that ______.A. student cheat more todayB. their reasoning and survival skills improvedC. students couldn’t find information to copy before the Internet was developedD. it is so easy to cut and paste papers or parts of papers from the Internet57. Using the program developed at University of California at Berkeley, the papers are checked by using ______.A. printing and looking carefully at hundreds of papers on the InternetB. a search of many Web pages and a comparison of words usedC. asking the student where they got the information in the paperD. comparing all the papers which are turned in by the students58. If teachers want to find out if their students wrote their own papers, ______. A. they ask other teachers to read their students’ papersB. they ask their students to list their sources of informationC. they can sign up for the Internet serviceD. they search the Internet and compare papersBIn modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: " I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try." What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.59. What does this passage mainly talk about?A. Competition helps to set up self-respect.B. Opinions about competition are different among people.C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development.D. Failures are necessary experience in competition.60. The underlined phrase "the most vocal" in Paragraph 3 means ________.A. those who try their best to winB. those who value competition most highlyC. those who are against competition most stronglyD. those who rely on others most for success61. What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a "desire to fail"?A. One's worth lies in his performance compared with others.B. One's success in competition needs great efforts.C. One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.D. One's success is based on how hard he has tried.62. Which point of view may the author agree to?A. Every effort should be paid back.B. Competition should be encouraged.C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter.D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.C篇About 40 years ago the famous British band The Beatles sang that“money can’t buy me love”. Today British economists are saying that it perhaps can’t buy you happiness either. This is showed by the happy planet index published recently by the New Economics Foundation (NEF ) in London.The index is about how well countries are using their resources. It shows how well they provide people with better health and longer and happier lives and at what cost to their environment.It would seem to be a common sense that people in richer countries live happier lives while those in developing countries are having a harder time of it. But the results are surprising , even shocking. The numbers show that some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly. The United States, for example , comes at an unbelievable number 150th. On the other hand, some little-known developing countries are doing a much better job. A tiny is land in the Pacific, Vanuatu comes in first. There are 178 countries and areas in the index. China ranks 31.Countries are graded on the basis of information supplied in response to the following questions. How do people feel about their live? How long does an average person live ? How intensively does a country need to use its natural resources -- such as oil, land and water--to maintain standards. This is what the inde x calls the “ecological footprint”.The NEF found that the people of island nations enjoy the highest HPI rankings. Their populations live happier and longer lives, and use fewer resources.The results also seem to show that it is possible to live longer, happier lives with a much smaller environmental impact . The index points out that people in the US and Germany enjoy similar lives.“However, Germany ‘s ecological footprint is only about half “ that of the US. This means that Germany is around twice as efficient as the US at producing happy lives,”says Nic Marks, head of NEF’s center for well-being.So happy planet Index(HPI) tells us a brand- new concept of understanding “being happy”. HPI figures out different countries or individuals’ HPI through their Ecological Footprint” and Life satisfaction Level “or ”Life Expectancy”. Clearly, people’s HPI is related to their consumption of the resources on the earth.You can find out your own HPI by visiting http://www. happy planet /survey.htm.63. The story is mainly about ____________________.A. in which countries people feel the happiest.B.why money can’t you happiness.C.what index can influence people’s happiness.D.the happy planet index published recently64.According to the passage, the index has something to do with_________________.A.wealth, education, resources and heath.B. lives, heath, resources and environmentC.pressure, accommodation, resources and heathD. education, money, environment and resources65. Countries that have low HPI rankings___________________________.A. are only developing countries.B. have far fewer happy peopleC. have a greater impact on environmentD. do not enjoy plenty of resource66. The comparison between Germany and the US shows that______________________.A. some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly.B. it is possible to live happier and longer lives with fewer resources.C. not all the people in developed countries enjoy happy lives.D. history and culture play an important role in people”s lives.六选四Directions:complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor in December nineteen forty-one had brought America into the war. And it had severely damaged American military power. But Roosevelt decided not to strike back at Japan immediately. 67 . There were several rea sons for Roosevelt’s decision.First, Germany already controlled much of Europe, as well as much of the Atlantic Ocean. Roosevelt considered this a direct threat. 68 . Second, Germany was an advanced industrial nation. It had many scientists and engineers. Its factories were modern. Roosevelt was concerned that Germany might be able to develop deadly new weapons, such as an atomic bomb, if it was not stopped quickly. Third, Britain historically was one of America’s closest allies. And the Britis h people were united and fighting for their lives against Germany. This was not true in Asia. Japan’s most important opponent was China. But China’s fighting forces were weak and divided, and could not offer strong opposition to the Japanese.Hitler’s dec ision to break his treaty with Josef Stalin and attack the Soviet Union made Roosevelt’s final choice. The American leader recognized that the Germans would have to fight on two fronts: in the west against Britain and in the east against Russia. 69 . So Washington sent most of its troops and supplies to Britain to join the fight against Germany.American military leaders hoped to attack Germany quickly by launching an attack across the English Channel. Stalin also supported this plan. Soviet forces were suffering terrible losses from the Nazi attack and wanted the British and Americans to fight the Germans on the west.However, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and other leaders opposed launching an invasion across the English Channel too quickly. They worried that such an invasion might fail, while the Germans were still so strong. 70 . For this reason, British and American forces decided instead to attack the Italian and German occupation troops in north Africa.概要写作：It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includes not only “remembering things” like arithmetic or historical facts, bur also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅到，闻到)something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learn to swing a baseball bat.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but but in some physical objects and puters ,for example,contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”--ready for instant use.An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning about 100,000 words of English. However, this is a but fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.翻译1.我从未想到我校篮球队会在竞赛中败北。

2023-2024学年上海市浦东新区高三上学期期中英语试题及答案（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）Ⅰ. Listening ComprehensionⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Shampoo-do we really need to use it?Buying shampoo can be overwhelming-there are so many brands to choose from, across a huge range of prices. Some brands promise to repair and nourish our hair,___1___others promise to strengthen and add volume. But is any of these claims true? Do we even need shampoo at all?Since long before shampoo___2___ (invent)-some say in India-our bodies have been producing sebum, an oil-like substance. Sebum stops our skin ___3___ (get) dry, manages the health of our scalp and makes our hair shiny. But it also collects dirt, and, if___4___ (leave) untouched for too long, sebum can cause our hair to become greasy. There are no disadvantages from a health perspective to letting our hair be greasy, says Eleanore Richardson, Trichologist at Fulham Scalp and Hair Clinic, but many people choose to wash their hair ___5___ a regular basis for aesthetic reasons.And so we reach for the shampoo bottle. Shampoos contain a group of chemicals called surfactants. They grab the dirt and grease from the surface of our hair, meaning when we rinse away the shampoo, we also wash away the grease and dirt. But,___6___ Laura Waters, a professor of Pharmaceutical Analysis, points out, some surfactants work too well and take the natural oils out of the hair as well. Though more expensive shampoos may contain___7___(harsh) surfactants, the type of shampoodoesn’t really matter. “It’s on our hair very briefly and gets washed away”. It’s the conditioners and styling products that we use after the shampoo that make a bigger difference to the texture and feel of our hair.Naturally, the more we put onto our hair, the more we need to cleanse it off,___8___ (create) a vicious circle. So, yes, it seems we do have a need for shampoo, but we also shouldn’t expect it___9___ (serve) as a miracle cure. And, finally, next time you’re in a shampoo aisle, remember that hair is made up of dead protein cells and that, sadly, not even the most expensive shampoo ____10____ bring them back to life. See to it that you make better decisions.【答案】1. while2. was invented3. getting4. left5. on6. as7. less harsh8. creating9. to serve10. can【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。

上海静安区2023-2024学年第一学期期末教学质量调研高三英语试卷(满分140分,完卷时间120分钟)2023年12月考生注意：1.完卷时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。

2.本调研设试卷和答题纸两部分，全卷共12页。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

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第Ⅰ卷(共100分)I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.In a gallery. B.At the barber's. C.In a restaurant. D.At the tailor's.2.A.Fellow workers. B.Family members.C.Doctor and patient.D.Driver and passenger.3.A.Choosing psychology. B.Choosing economics.C.Neither is a good choice.D.Choosing a major of interest.4. A.She did not feel sorry for being late for the appointment.B.She did not inform the man of her del ay in advance.C.She wasn't really caught in the traffic jam.D.She wasn't always late for the appointment.5. A.It was lost and won't be found. B.It was transferred to a different city.C.It was delivered to her hotel already.D.It was stolen during her trip.6．. A.He has realized he still leaves much to be desired.B.He is angry with not getting the lead role in the play.C.He is confident about getting the lead role next time.D.He feels reluctant to take the new responsibilities.7. A.They told a lot of stories during the meeting.B.There is no need for them to argue so fiercely in public.C.Both perspectives should be considered before judging.D.They should have resolved their issues in private.8. A.She has already been to the café.B.She is not interested in going to the café.C.She knows about the cafébut hasn't visited it.D.She wants to go to the caféright away.9. A.She expects the man to help Brian move to a new house.B.She expects the man to take mum to Brain's new house.C.She expects the man to celebrate mum's birthday together.D.She expects the man to make a phone call to Mum.10.A.The fantastic and high-quality camera. B.The need for better internet connectivity.C.Their favorite photography techniques.D.The pros and cons of a new smartphone.Sect ion BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.Its regular driving practices and poor vehicles.B.Its lack of green spaces and air cleaners.C.Its excessive water pollution and rubbish.D.Its high air pollution and crowded roads.12.A.Establishing a high interest loan scheme.B.Removing outdated black and white taxis.C.Encouraging customers to create new ideas.D.Making advertisements on old vehicles.13.A.Because customers are more friendly and richer.B.Because all new cabs provide air-conditioning.C.Because all new cabs are equipped with meters.D.Because car manufacturers can earn extra money.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.Canceling all the gifts. B.Applying a‘one-gift’rule.C.Giving children less time to play.D.Encouraging buying second-hand gifts.15.A.Buying a rare and expensive souvenir.B.Buying a hand-made craft product.C.Giving something that won't cost money.D.Giving an experience of something new.16.A.The waste caused by Christmas gifts.B.The importance of buying gifts for children.C.The creative ideas of giving gifts to avoid waste.D.The negative effects of receiving too many gifts.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.By trading physical items. B.By exchanging artistic creativity.C.By hosting art exhibitions.D.By making artistic advertisements.18.A.Painting and writing. B.Graphic design and photography.C.Music and album cover design.D.Video editing and project management.19.A.Members can benefit without efforts.B.Members can make money by providing artistic services.C.Members can get copyrights of other artistic offerings.D.Members can have access to the creative exchange list.petitive individualism. B.Artistic cooperation and inspiration.C.Individual fame in the art field.D.Material collaboration and exchange.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Japan's robot revolution in senior careJapan's artificial intelligence expertise is transforming the elder care industry,with21 (specialize)robotic care accomplishing more than just taking pressure off the critical shortage of caregivers.Senior care facilities across Japan are testing out such new robots22deliver a collection of social and physical health care and the government-backed initiative has been met with positive reviews by elderly residents.The rapidly graying population23(eye)by the government as a potential market for medical technology now.Disappointing government predictions show that by2025,Japan's first baby boomers will have turned75and about7million people are likely to suffer from some form of dementia(痴呆).The nation won't be able to avoid a dementia crisis24an additional380.000 senior care workers.The long-standing shortage of professional care workers has encouraged the Japanese government25(simplify)procedures for foreign caregivers to be trained and certified.The current Technical Intern Training Program between Vietnam,the Philippines,and Indonesia,under26Economic Partnership Agreement,was extended to include nursing care as well as agriculture, fishery,and construction sectors.27the government made efforts to increase the numbers of senior care workers,the target number of foreign graduates has still fallen flat,with the national caregiver examination proving a major obstacle to pass.The success rate for foreign students was a merely106students last year,28 has slightly improved to216students this year.Another depressing reality is that19to38percent of foreign nurses who pass the exam opt to leave the industry and return home,29(cite)tough work conditions and long hours.Given the challenges,this is30the government believes care robots will be able to step in.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.smoothingB.remainC.switchedD.likelihoodE.impactF.tipG.broadly H.headed I.booming J.positioning K.reliablySea-level rise predictionsA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus,a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences, spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska's southeastern31near Disenchantment Bay.The glacier is unique because,unlike other glaciers,it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined,32,as one that starts flowing at least10times faster than normal. But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood,although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the33of glacial surging.During Turner's surges,the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly3feet a day to65feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea level rise,and current climate change models don't34account for these movements.For example, Greenland's glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise.Since the early 2000s,Greenland35from not having any effect on world sea levels,to increasing sea level by about1millimeter per year.Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures, which leads to more ice melting.The other half,however,is because glaciers in Greenland are,as a whole,moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier.Glaciers are full of holes,and water runs through those holes.When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier,it starts to move,partly because it's lifting the mass of ice and rock off the ground and partly because it's36the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier,and how does the movement37 the glacier’s speed?Those are the questions the scientists hope to answer.Bartholomaus,some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University,38onto the ice in August.They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters.They placed roughly30instruments,burying them deeply into the glacier and39 them on rock outcroppings(露岩)alongside the glacier.This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries.Those instruments will40on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops,providing researchers with before and after data.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Investors probably expect that following the suggestions of stock analysts would make them better off than doing the exact opposite.41,recent research by Nicola Gennaioli and his colleagues shows that the best way to gain excess return s would be to invest in the shares least favored by analysts.They compute that,during the last35years,investing in the10percent of U.S. stocks analysts were most42about would have yielded on average3percent a year.43, investing in the10percent of stocks analysts were most pessimistic about would have yielded a surprising15percent a year.Gennaioli and colleagues shed light on this44with the help of cognitive sciences and,in particular,using Kahneman and Tversky's concept of representativeness.Decision makers, according to this view,45the representative features of a group or a phenomenon.These are defined as the features that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group.After observing strong earnings growth—the explanation goes—analysts think that the firm may be the next Google.“Googles”are in fact more frequent among firms experiencing strong growth,which makes them46.The problem is that“Googles”are very47in absolute terms.As a result,expectations become too optimistic,and future performance48.A model of stock prices in which investor beliefs follow this logic can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the beliefs of analysts and the dynamics(动态变化)of stock returns.In related work,the authors also show that the same model can49booms and busts in the volume of credit and interest rate spreads.These works are part of a research project aimed at taking insights from cognitive sciences and at50them into economic models.Kahneman and Tversky's concept of“representativeness”lies at the heart of this effort.“In a classical example,we51to think of Irishmen as redheads because red hair is much more frequent among Irishmen than among the rest of the world,”Prof. Gennaioli says.“However,only10percent of Irishmen are redheads.In our work,we developmodels of belief formation that show this logic and study the52of this important psychological force in different fields.”Representativeness helps describe53and behavior in different fields,not only in financial markets.One such field is the formation of stereotypes about social groups.In a recent experimental paper,Gennaioli and colleagues show that representativeness can explain self-confidence,and in particular the54of women to compete in traditionally male subjects,such as mathematics.A slight prevalence of55male math ability in the data is enough to make math ability un-representative for women,driving their under confidence in this particular subject.41.A.Consequently B.Furthermore C.Nevertheless D.Meanwhile42.A.curious B.controversial C.concerned D.optimistic43.A.In brief B.By contrast C.In addition D.Without doubt44.A.engagement B.concentration C.puzzle D.definition45.A.memorize B.prioritize C.modernize D.fertilize46.A.representative B.argumentative C.executive D.sensitive47.A.harsh B.adaptable C.crucial D.rare48.A.cheers B.disappoints C.stabilizes D.improves49.A.account for B.count on C.suffer from D.hold up50.A.pouring B.admitting C.integrating D.tempting51.A.pretend B.afford C.offer D.tend52.A.effects B.delights C.intervals D.codespanions B.scales C.expectations D.findings54.A.necessity B.involvement C.perseverance D.reluctance55.A.equivalent B.exceptional C.mysterious D.distressingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Montessori was born in Italy in1870with progressive parents,who frequently communicated with the country's leading thinkers and scholars.This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time.Her mother's support was vital for some important decisions,such as her enrolment in a technical school after her elementary education.Her parents'support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine,a field that was dominated by men.Soon after graduating,in1896,Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome,where she cared for children with learning difficulties.The rooms were bare,with just a few pieces of furniture.One day,she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs(面包屑)that had dropped on the floor.It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty.With the right learning materials,these and other young minds could be nurtured,Montessori concluded.The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses.In addition,each child should also be allowed to move and act freely,and use their creativity and problem-solving skills.Teachers took the role of guides,supporting the children without press or control.Montessori opened her first Children's House in1907.When the Fascists(法西斯主义者)first came into power in Italy in1922,they initially embraced her movement.But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children's freedom of expression.Montessori's values had always been about human respect,and the rights of children and women,but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame.Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools'educational content,and in1934Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy.She didn't return to her homeland until1947,and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in1952,at the age of81.56.The primary reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method was.A.her family's supportive influence on her educationB.her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinicC.her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happilyD.her decision to study medicine,a field dominated by men57.What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method as described in the passage?A.Providing standardized,one-size-fits-all learning materials.B.Encouraging strict discipline and control over children's actions.C.Focusing on rote memorization and competition.D.Creating a free and children-centered learning environment.58.Montessori decided to leave Italy in1934because.A.she wanted to explore other countries and culturesB.she wanted to avoid the Fascist's influence on her workC.she was offered a better job in a different countryD.she wanted to retire and enjoy a peaceful life in another country59.Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage?A.Observant and innovative.B.Traditional and emotional.C.Progressive and dependent.D.Open-minded and indifferent.(B)Reducing the workweek to four days could have a climate benefit.In addition to improving the well-being of workers,cutting working hours may reduce carbon emissions.But those benefits would depend on a number of factors,experts emphasize,including how people choose to spend nonworking time.Commuting and travelTransportation is the biggest contributor to greenhouse emissions.A November2021survey of2,000 employees and500business leaders in the United Kingdom found that if all organizations introduced a four-day week,the reduced trips to work would decrease travel overall by more than 691million miles a week.But the climate benefits of less commuting could be eliminated,experts said,if people choose to spend their extra time off traveling,particularly if they do so by car or plane.Energy usageShorter working hours could lead to reductions in energy usage,experts said.According to a 2006paper,if the United States adopted European work standards,the country would consume about20percent less energy.Energy could also be conserved if fewer resources are needed to heat and cool large office buildings,reducing demands on electricity.For example,if an entire workplace shuts down on the fifth day,that would help lower consumption—less so if the office stays open to accommodate employees taking different days off.Lifestyle changesIt's possible that fewer working hours may lead some people to have a larger carbon footprint, but experts say research suggests that most people are likely to shift toward more sustainable lifestyles.One theory is that people who work more and have less free time tend to do things in more carbon-intensive ways,such as choosing faster modes of transportation or buying prepared foods. Convenience is often carbon-intensive and people tend to choose convenience when they're time-stressed.Meanwhile,some research suggests that those who work less are more likely to engage in traditionally low-carbon activities,such as spending time with family or sleeping.“When we talk about the four-day workweek and the environment,we focus on the tangible, but actually,in a way,the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible,”experts said.60.What is identified as the leading cause of greenhouse emissions according to the passage?A.The well-being of employees.B.The conservation of energy.muting and travel.D.The European work standard.61.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence“the biggest potential benefit here is in theintangible”in the last paragraph?A.People will have big potential in achieving intangible benefits while working.B.People are more likely to engage in carbon-intensive activities due to time constraints.C.People may shift toward more sustainable lifestyles and lower carbon footprints.D.People may travel more frequently by car or plane during their extra time off.62.The passage is mainly written to.A.highlight the importance of shortening working time in the context of well-beingB.provide an overview of transportation emissions worldwideC.analyze the impact of reduced working hours on mode of businessD.illustrate factors affecting the climate benefits of a shorter workweek(C)The cultivation of plants by ants is more widespread than previously realized,and has evolved on at least15separate occasions.There are more than200species of an t in the Americas that farm fungi(真菌)for food,but this trait evolved just once sometime between45million and65million years ago.Biologists regard the cultivation of fungi by ants as true agriculture appearing earlier than human agriculture because it meets four criteria:the ants plant the fungus,care for it,harvest it and depend on it for food.By contrast,while thousands of ant species are known to have a wide variety of interdependent relationships with plants,none were regarded as true agriculture.But in2016,Guillaume Chomicki and Susanne Renner at the University of Munich,Germany,discovered that an ant in Fungi cultivates several plants in a way that meets the four criteria for true agriculture.The ants collect the seeds of the plants and place them in cracks in the bar k of trees.As the plants grow,they form hollow structures called domain that the ants nest in.The ants defecate(排便) at designated absorptive places in these domain,providing nutrients for the plant.In return,as well as shelter,the plant provides food in the form of fruit juice.This discovery prompted Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships to see if there are other examples of plant cultivation that have been overlooked.“They have never really been looked at in the framework of agriculture,”says Chomicki,who is now at the University of Sheffield in the UK.“It's definitely widespread.”The team identified37examples of tree-living ants that cultivate plants that grow on trees, known as epiphytes(附生植物).By looking at the family trees of the ant species,the team was able to determine on how many occasions plant cultivation evolved and roughly when.Fifteen is a conservative estimate,says Campbell.All the systems evolved relatively recently,around1million to 3million years ago,she says.Whether the37examples of plant cultivation identified by the team count as true agriculturedepends on the definitions used.Not all of the species get food from the plants,but they do rely on them for shelter,which is crucial for ants living in trees,says Campbell.So the team thinks the definition of true agriculture should include shelter as well as food.63.According to biologists,why is ant-fungus cultivation considered as a form of true agriculture?A.Because it occurred earlier than human agriculture.B.Because it fulfills the standards typical of agricultural practices.C.Because it redefines the four criteria for true human agriculture.D.Because it is less common than previously thought.64.What motivated Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships?A.They determined on new family trees of the ant species.B.They overlooked some tree-living ants that provided nutrients for the plants.C.They never studied the ant-plant relationships within the context of agriculture.D.They never identified any an t species that engaged in cultivation of fungi.65.Which of the following statements is supported by the team's findings according to the passage?A.Ants’cultivation of plants is limited to a few specific species.B.The cultivation of fungi by ants is considered the earliest form of agriculture.C.True agriculture in ants involves only food-related interactions with plants.D.Ants have independently cultivated plants on at least15distinct occasions.66.What is the passage mainly about?A.The evolution of ants in the plant kingdom.B.The widespread occurrence of ant-plant cultivation.C.The discovery of a new ant species engaging in agriculture.D.The contrast between ant agriculture and human agriculture.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.In the end,it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity.B.Doppelgängers will also have some of the same DNA as you.C.To enter your workplace,you likely need to be recognizable.D.Why are people interested in finding their possible doppelgangers?E.Eventually,discovering a person's doppelgänger might widen trust boundaries.F.A doppelgänger was said to be a spirit-double that copied every human and beast on earth.What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you?Would it be a good thing?And if you did have one,would you want to meet them?Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you.Your passport,ID card and driving license all feature your face.67You may need your face to unlock your smartphone andpossibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.The word‘doppelgänger’refers to a person who looks the same as you,essentially sharing your features;those that you thought were unique to you and your identity.Not identical twins,as a doppelgänger has no relation to you.The idea originated in German folklore.68So,let's get real.What are the chances of you having one in the first place?There's said to be a one in135chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world,so the chances are pretty low,despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise.And the chances of meeting?The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.That said,these statistics may be a good thing.Historically,having a double wasn't always a positive.Back in1999,an innocent American man,indistinguishable from the real criminal,was sent to prison for robbery,where he stayed for19years.69.In a different case,a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelgänger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!70The fascination with doppelgängers may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meant they were from the same family or had a common ancestor.It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike,creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting. However,as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing,we understand that after such an experience,you might not want to meet your doppelgänger again.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Competitive CheerleadingOver the years,cheerleading has taken two primary forms:game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading.Game-time cheerleaders'main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers,which should not be considered a sport.However,competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment.It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity.The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling(翻腾运动)ability.It's a very common thing for gymnasts,so it's easy for them to go into competitive ually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps,tumbling,and overall energy.They also perform lifts and throws.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared.It is awarded points for technique,creativity and ually the more difficult the action is,the better the score is.That's why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.Besides,there is also a strict rule of time.The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds,during which the cheerleaders are。

2024 学年第一学期奉贤区高三英语练习卷考生注意：1.考试时间105 分钟，试卷满分115分。

2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。

Ⅰ. Grammar and vocabularySection A (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the properform of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Best Music to Boost ProductivityHow many times have you put on your headphones to help you concentrate on your tasks? Various studies have tried to address the question of (1) music in the workplace can be helpfulor not. The short answer seems to be yes, but it depends on the job and the music.In one study, machine operators at a clothes manufacturer became (2) (productive) whenthey listened to relaxing music; the researchers therefore suggested trying music with a faster pace instead. However, in another study (3) (conduct) among surgeons who operated on patientswhile listening to classical music, it showed that they were both faster and more accurate in performance. In this case, the researchers advised against high pace or loud music (4) it could be distracting.According to some scientists, no matter what task you’re engaged in, lyrics in music (5) negatively impact your attention. However, if (6) (listen) to lyric-less or classical tunes annoys you, you’re probably not going to be very productive, so it ultimately depends on your personal preference.There might be a link between ‘emotional use’ of music at work and performance, too. Essentially, if your mood improves, so does your work. To some extent, then, you may be best off playing music (7) makes you happy. Interestingly, though, one 2023 study, which surveyed244 people who listened to music at work, revealed no benefit when music (8) (use) for cognitive thinking or just played in the background.But if you’re just here for the best tracks (9) (boost) your productivity, we’ve got some recommendations for you. The top three songs most often included in work-related Spotify lists (10) (b e): ‘Drops of Jupiter’ (Train), ‘Dreams’ (Fleetwood Mac) and ‘Don’t Stop Believin’ (Journey). Integrate these songs into your workday and experience the boost in productivity they can provide. Section B (10 分)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.SkyquakeIf you’ve ever heard a loud, distant booming noise with no obvious explanation like a thunderstorm or a car backfiring, then you might have experienced a skyquake. Skyquakes havebeen reported around the world and locals have 11 names for them in different regions. Near Seneca Lake in New York State, they’re known as ‘Seneca guns’; in Belgium they’re called‘mistpoeffers’; and the Japanese refer to them as ‘uminari’, which 12 means ‘cries from the sea.Some scientists have suggested that a type of meteor(流星)could be the cause. These spacerocks explode when they 13 Earth’s atmosphere. If this occurred above thick cloud, the sound could 14 across a wide area. However, there is no 15 evidence reaching the ground.A(n) 16 explanation is the gas coming out of the bottom of the lake. Several hot spots for skyquake activity are close to large, deep lakes, such as Seneca. But skyquakes have also been reported away from such water bodies.Researchers at the University of North Carolina compared local news reports with information from 17 sensors and earthquake detectors. They were unable to identify any earthquake activity that coincided with the strange noises, 18 ruling out ground shaking as the cause of it. They concluded that this phenomenon is 19 to the atmosphere. Possible reasons could include meteors exploding in the sky or the sound of big waves getting louder because of special weather conditions near the ocean. Over the years, many of these 20 mystery noises have turned out to be caused by military planes flying faster than the speed of sound.Given the diversity of locations and explanations, it’s possible that skyquakes in different parts of the world have different causes. But for now, their true cause remains mysterious.Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension(45分)Section A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The rigid corridors of Welton Academy carried the weight of tradition and conformity(循规蹈矩). John Keating, an English teacher with a(n) 21 of mystery and passion, stepped into the academy like a breath of freshness in a dull room. His very presence was a(n) 22 to the long-established norms of the school.He was not one to simply stand at the front of the classroom and lectured about Shakespeare’s poetry or the rules of grammar. 23 , he had a unique way of making the words come alive. In his first class, he walked into the room, a twinkle in his eye, and led the boys out into the hallway. Pointing at the old, faded pictures of former students, he said, “Carpe diem, boys. Seize the day. Make your lives 24 . These men were once just like you, with dreams and potential. Don’t let this place bury your ambitions.”His special haven, the “Whispers of the Bard,” was a magical place hidden away from the 25 eyes of the school authorities. Here, under the open sky, Keating would gather the students around him. He would recite poetry with such enthusiasm that the words seemed to 26 in the air. “Poetry,” he told them, “is not just about rhymes and meters. It’s the language of the 27 . It’s the way we express the deepest desires and the wildest dreams that we hold 28 us.”He encouraged each student to find their own voice between the lines of the great poets. To Neil Perry, who had a hidden passion for the 29 burning like a small fire in his heart, Keating was like a guiding star. He saw the potential in Neil’s eyes and said, “Neil, the stage is waiting for you. Don’t let anyone even your fathe 30 your light. Your dreams are precious, and you have the talent to make them come true.” He helped Neil practice his lines, showing h im how to 31 his emotions through every word. Under Keating’s guidance in every session, Neil grew more confident, believing that he could even 32 what his father expected of him.For Todd Anderson, who was shy and often 33 by his brother seemingly excellent at everything, Keating noticed his talent for seeing the deeper meaning in literature. “Todd,” he said, “your mind is a treasure chest. Open it and share your thoughts with the world. Don’t be afraid to34 . Your interpretations are as valuable as any other’s.” With Keating’s encouraging words, Todd started to come out of his 35 , finding the courage to speak up and express himself.Keating’s encouragement was like a gentle wind that blew through the live s of these students, fanning the flames of their dreams and giving them the strength to pursue what they truly loved.21. A. air B. gesture C. mood D. outlook22. A. threat B. barrier C. challenge D. opportunity23. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Moreover24. A. mysterious B. extraordinary C. practical D. specific25. A. caring B. shining C. wandering D. watching26. A. dance B. float C. move D. slide27. A. insight B. innocence C. soul D. sense28. A. between B. upon C. into D. within29. A. poetry B. stage C. match D. music30. A. dim B. adjust C. flash D. fuel31. A. conceal B. project C. stimulate D. sustain32. A. fall within B. persist in C. keep off D. go beyond33. A. overseen B. overshadowed C. overestimated D. overlooked34. A. step away B. fit in C. stand out D. push forward35. A. routine B. shell C. circle D. spaceSection B (22分)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AIn the year 1669, a German trader named Hennig Brand set out on an unusual quest that would lead to one of the most fascinating discoveries in the history of chemistry. Brand, driven by the age-old alchemists’ dream of magically turning base metals into gold, conducted a series of experiments that would forever change our understanding of elements.Brand’s journey began with an assumption that the key to creating “gold” resided in human urine (尿液). This seemingly strange idea was fueled by the observation that urine shared a similar yellow color with the precious metal. Acting on this belief, Brand collected an astonishing 5000 liters of urine and allowed it to stand and ferment (发酵).After weeks of fermentation, Brand boiled the urine down to a thick, sticky substance. He then mixed this paste with sand and heated the mixture to an extreme temperature. What emerged from this process was a substance that was entirely new to the world of science – a white solid that shone with a soft light in the dark.Brand named this glowing material “phosphorus,” originating from the Greek words for “light bearer.” The discovery of phosphorus was not just a scientific breakthrough; it captured the imagination of the public and the scientific community alike. Its ability to give off light in the darkness was both fascinating and mysterious.The implications of Bran d’s discovery were far-reaching. Phosphorus was not only a novelty but also a substance with practical applications. It would later become an essential component in the production of matches, fertilizers, and various chemicals.Hennig Brand’s accidental di scovery of phosphorus in 1669 was more than just finding a new element; it marked the end of the era of the period of magic chemistry and the beginning of modern chemistry. Brand’s phosphorus, once sought as a means to wealth, became a cornerstone in the field of science, a clear demonstration of power of curiosity and the unexpected paths that can lead to enlightenment.36.What is the main idea of the passage?A.The fall of ancient alchemists and the rise of modern chemists.B.The accidental discovery of phosphorus and its scientific impact.C.The importance of human urine in scientific experiments.D.The transformation of base metals into gold through magic.37.What was Hennig Brand’s initial goal when he started his experiments?A.To turn human urine into gold.B. To discover a new element.B. To produce a glowing substance. D. To reform modern chemistry.38.The underlined word “cornerstone” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to .A.mysteryB. symbolC. obstacleD. foundation39.What can be inferred about Hennig Brand from the passage?A.He was a serious chemist who followed established scientific methods.B.He was a visionary scientist who predicted the future of chemistry.C.He was a curious individual willing to explore unconventional ideas.D.He was a wealthy trader with a deep understanding of chemistry.BGoing underground?The Subway is the easiest way to get around the City Centre and WestEnd of Glasgow. Running every four minutes at peak times, it takesjust 24 minutes to complete a circuit of the 15 stations and costsas littleelse on the system.Last Trains40.According to the notice board, which of the following is TRUE?A.The subway is the only way to travel in the city.B.The subway runs every 4 minutes any time of the day.C.An entire journey of 24 stations takes 15 minutes.D.An adult ticket for a full circuit costs only £1.80.41.To arrive at Kelvinbridge on a weekday morning as soon as possible, you can take the earliest train from St Enoch at .A. 6:34B. 6:32C. 10:00D. 10:0342. A couple taking a 15-year-old and a newborn on a ONE-DAY trip in Glasgow can maximize their subway experience by paying .A. £6.45B. £8.40C. £10.75D. £12.90CFor the first time, scientists have observed the brain throughout the pregnancy (怀孕) timeline. Sex hormones, like estrogen and testosterone, are powerful players in the brain, affecting mood, memory, and more. Some of the most dramatic hormonal changes that humans experience happen during pregnancy, and yet those nine months have been a black box for human neuroscience until now.A new study published this week in Nature Neuroscience provides the most extensive look inside that black box yet. Researchers scanned the brain of one woman 26 times over the entire course of her pregnancy – before, during and after. Brain scans show that tracks of white matter get stronger during pregnancy. Previous brain imaging studies from before and after pregnancy have shown that pregnancy shrinks (缩小) parts of the brain, specifically its gray matter. These outer layers of the brain are responsible for most of sensation, learning and other great things the brain does.Shrinking gray matter may sound scary, but it happens to all of us throughout development to fine-tune our neural processing and make our brains more efficient. Though the term “mommy brain” is often used to refer to the brain fog and forgetfulness some people feel during pregnancy, the brain changes are likely adaptive. For example, you may be forgetting where your keys are, but you are way more focused on what is happening to your baby. Researchers are particularly interested in changes within brain regions that help with social cognition by allowing us to take on others’ perspectives.The scale and pattern of brain changes during pregnancy are similar to what other researchers have seen in adolescent brains during puberty (青春期), also driven by hormones. Other researchers have been able to detect whether someone had been pregnant based only on neuro imaging data from decades later. So despite the common saying that our brains stop developing in our mid-20s, hormones seem to drive big, long-lasting changes throughout adulthood.From studying the woman’s brain, researchers confirmed gray matter decreased by four percent over the course of pregnancy and that decrease persisted throughout the end of the study two years after giving bi rth. And it wasn’t just one area or network – 80% of brain regions shrunk. While certain areas and networks changed faster than others, the team doesn’t yet know what the implications are.43.The passage mainly tells us .A.how pregnancy impacts women’s memoryB. how brain scans lead to a breakthrough C． how puberty differs from pregnancy D. how brain changes during pregnancy44.Based on the research, a pregnant woman should changes accompanying “mommy brain”?A.peacefully acceptB. consciously avoidC． completely ignore D. eagerly expect45.We can learn from the last two paragraphs that .A.researchers have figured out why certain areas of brain change fasterB.despite similarity, brain changes in puberty aren’t driven by hormonesC.hormones are likely to cause brain changes beyond adolescenceA. Previously, they’ve trained packs of hero rats to detect dangerous bacteria.B. Then they were introduced to common scents used to mask illegal wildlife trade .C. This effort aims to provide a low-cost detection system to prevent illegal hunting.D. However, there are concerns that the rats might be distracted by some common scents.E. Existing screening tools are expensive and time intensive, necessitating a new approach.F. For this purpose, these trained rats will be expected to work in likely hotspots for illegal wildlife trade.D. the shrinkage of gray matter in brain stops shortly after childbirth46. What is the structure of this passage?A. Presenting a findingB. C. D.Describing a phenomenonSection C (8分)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ratting on Crimes“You are never more than six feet away from a rat,” goes the saying. Though it has beenconcluded that this estimate is incorrect, it might soon be accurate for those involved in the illegal wildlife trade. A team of researchers have trained African rats to pick up the scents (气味) of endangered animal products, such as elephant ivory and rhino horn. 47.The rat pack can even identify these items when concealed among other substances, and havebeen shown to remember the smells after months of non-exposure. This isn’t the first time APOPO, a Tanzania-based non-profit, have recognized a potential for a super-rat workforce. 48.The organization looks to provide low-tech, cost-efficient solutions to pressing challengesthroughout Africa.The rats in the new study went through several demanding stages of training. They firstlearned to smell a target scent for several seconds to earn a flavoured reward. 49. The final step was memory consolidation training, where they were reintroduced to scents they’d not encountered for five and eight months, respectively. Despite the months of non-exposure, the rats showed perfect memory scores, suggesting that their cognitive memory performance is similar to that of dogs.Illegal capture, killing, and harvesting of animals and plants have increased dramatically inrecent years. For example, 55 African elephants are killed for their tusks every day, over 20,000 a year. This has to be stopped immediately.50 They will be armed with custom-made vests (马甲). With their front paws, they will be able to pull a small ball attached to the chest of their vest, which gives out a beeping sound. This way rats will be able to alert handlers when they detect a target. Once fully trained and prepared, these giant rats could become illegal hunters’ worst enemy.Ⅲ. Summary Writing(10 分)Explaining Relating with other findings Introducing a topicProviding examples Summarizing the main points Stating a problemProposing solutions Analyzing the causes Predicting the future trends Evaluating the solutions51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far aspossible.The Significance of Cattle in Maasai SocietyCattle are the traditional partners of the Maasai people of East Africa. The traditional Maasai diet is heavily centered around cattle products. Milk is a fundamental component of the Maasai diet, consumed daily and in various for ms. Fresh milk, known as “enkirowua”, is often drunk straight or mixed with herbs for added flavor and medicinal benefits. Processed milk, or “mokore”, is a popular variation, providing rich source of nutrition. Cattle’s meat is another important part of t he Maasai diet, consumed during special occasions and ceremonies. Every part of the animal is used, reflecting the Maasai’s resourcefulness and respect for their livestock. It represents strength and the community’s collective wealth.Cattle hold significa nt value in Maasai social life. An individual’s social status is heavily influenced by cattle ownership. The number of cattle one possesses directly relates with his standing in the community. This is particularly evident during traditional ceremonies, such as weddings, where the exchange of cattle as gifts signifies the strong bond between families and a shared commitment to the future. Families there share responsibilities in cattle care and their collective management promotes unity and teamwork. For example, the process of milking is a shared activity, involving both men and women and strengthening social bonds. It is especially vital during challenging times, such as droughts or other hardships when the well-being of the cattle is crucial.Cattle also play a big role in Maasai rituals and ceremonies, accompanying individuals from birth to death. For example, the sacrifice of a cow during naming ceremonies or funerals not only celebrates the occasion but also strengthens the community’s spiritual connecti on with their livestock. These rituals highlight the spiritual importance of cattle, seen as a link between the physical and spiritual worlds, thus firmly establishing their central role in Maasai culture.Ⅳ. Translation (15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52.农忙季节，这个偏远的小村子显得空荡荡的。

上海中学高三英语11月周测卷2019.11.19 Ⅱ. Grammar and V ocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the thanks with given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never (21) ((be)a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do In the ancient world, as is today, most boys (22) (play)with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies (23) social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls (24)(prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.(25) is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly (26) craftsmanship, mechanics, and technologyIt is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present (27) is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic (ti8)people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life(28) toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animas and vehiclesBecause toys (29) be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3, 000 BC to(30) used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials。

上海中学高三周练卷优质完型汇编5套AWhen a sheltie(喜乐蒂牧羊犬) chooses a human companion，he or she willstick with the person whenever there are problems or difficulties. They will not __51__ the presence of anyone other than their __52__ person. So I was __53__ when one day my sheltie，Casey，__54__ ran over to an elderly couple he did not know. He danced about them，ignoring me as I __55__ him to come back.Since this was not __57__ sheltie behavior，I began to think that maybe Caseywas intended to accomplish something greater with his life. I ____57____ my church's nursing home and found out that they __58__ anyone，including dogs，to visit the residents. Most of the residents of this nursing home were Alzheimer's (老年痴呆症) patients. How could Casey and I communicate with them?The minute Casey stepped into the nursing home，people __59__ us with smiles and laughter. Casey excitedly did his ____60____ for them—sat，lay down and jumped. People began to _________with a light in their eyes.Someone else asked me to take Casey to a woman who was unable to move from her bed or even speak. As the woman petted(抚摸) Casey's head，I observed __62__ of a sharp and active mind behind her bright eyes. She happily responded to my questions with a smile a nod and an elegant wave of her hand when we left.I left the nursing home that day feeling very __63__ to Casey for the lesson he had taught me. I had been afraid to step outside the __64__ I had placed around myself and worried about how I would communicate with these people. Now I have learned that no one ever forgets the _____65_____ of sincerity. Casey and I continued visiting nursing homes for another three years until Casey died from a road accident.51. A. acknowledge B. admire C. bear D. avoid52. A. assumed B. deserved C. owned D. chosen53. A. overjoyed B. shocked C. annoyed D. disappointed54. A. timidly B. skillfully C. joyfully D. carefully55. A. requested B. called C. begged D. dragged56. A. typical B. traditional C. ideal D. official57. A. proposed B. contacted C. propelled D. persuaded58. A. required B. approved C. appointed D. welcomed59. A. met B. greeted C. supported D. entertained60. A. games B. tricks C. duties D. activities61. A. wane B. glow C. bloom D. prevail62. A. indications B. illustrations C. imaginations D. impressions63. A. regretful B. hopeful C. influential D. grateful64. A. setbacks B. dimensions C. boundaries D. reserves65. A. language B. cause C. process D. technique答案：ADBCB ABDBB BADCABMany theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency focus either on the individual or on society as the major influence. Theories _____66___ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through _____67_____with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commitcrimes in ____68______ to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, _______69______ as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families; ____70_____ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however are ___71______ and are ____72______ to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly ______73_____juvenile crime rates. ______74_____,changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment_____75______-make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in _____76___ lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also experienced changes these years. More families consist of one –parent households or two working parents, so children are likely to have less _____77____ at home than was common in the traditional family. This lack of parental monitoring is thought to be an influence on juvenile crimes rates. Other______78_____ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing _____79_____ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, ____80______ a direct relationship has not yet been established.66. A. acting B. relying C. centering D. commenting67. A. interaction B. assimilation C. cooperation D. consultation68. A. reaction B. view C. reference D. response69. A. or B. but rather C. but D. or else70. A. considering B. ignoring C. highlighting D. discarding71. A. prohibitive B. lucrative C. tentative D. degenerative72. A. subject B. immune C. resistant D. sensitive73. A. add B. reduce C. reflect D. affect74. A. on the other hand B. as a resultC. For exampleD. In addition75. A. in general B. on average C. by contrast D. by chance76. A. case B. return C. turn D. essence77. A. condolence B. sustenance C. cognition D. supervision78. A. assessable B. identifiable C. negligible D. incredible79. A. incidence B. awareness C. exposure D. popularity80. A. provided B. since C. although D. lest答案：CADAB CADCA CDBACCEight years ago, Facebook was a coding project in Mark Zuckerberg's dorm room.Now its an agressive business with $4 billion of revenue that is used by 1/8th of the world's population. Here are some reasons why--reasons that ____51___ to almost every business.1. Move fast.Mark Zuckerberg built the first ___52___ of Facebook in his spare time in his Harvard dorm room.He didn't write a business plan.He didn't ____53___ ask friends and advisors what they thought of the idea.He didn't "research the market," apply for patents or trademarks, assemble focus groups, or do any of the other things that entrepreneurs are ___54____ to do.He just built a cool product quickly and ____55____ it.And Facebook wasborn.2. Keep it simple .Many companies get so entranced with all the amazing ____56____hey want to build into their products that they make their products so complex enough for anyone to use them. The Fcebook team kept improving the design of the product,however,each time, they made sure that the service was still ____57___ to use.3. Make your primary focus the product, not the "business" or "shareholder value."Mark Zuckerberg was famously ____58___ in Facebook's business in the early days. In fact, he focused all of his energy on Facebook's product.This product obsession went so far that Zuckerberg continually ____59____ advertising clients, because he didn't want ads to muck up the service.As Facebook grew, Zuckerberg ___60___ his focus on the product. As Facebook prepared to go public, Zuckerberg wrote a letter to shareholders in which he stated the company's intention to focus on its "social mission" first and its business second,wishing them to ___61__with him in that regard.4. Get really really good at hiring... and really really good at firing.The ___62___of a company has nothing to do with its technology or current products. It has to do with its people.And building a great team means two things:Hiring well, and Firing well.It's easy to understand how to hire well.Firing well is also___63___. Hiring mistake is unvoidable . In Fcebook’s early days,the company made lots of hiring miatakes,but it ___64___them quickly.___65___if your company is growing rapidly,it will eventually outgrow some of your early executives-and you’ll need to repalce them.51.A.apply B.relate C.attach D.persist52.A .pattern B.version C.outline D.variety53.A.presently B.hastily C.endlessly D.eventually54.A.intended B.supposed C.trained D.urged55.A.pushed B.provided C.granted unched56.A.features B.operation C.skills D.OBJECTS57.A.difficult B.easy C.feasible D.accessible58.A.fancinated B.absorbed C.hesitant D.uninterested59.A.called in B.sent for C.asked after D.turned away60.A.switched sted C.maintained D.extended61.A.identify B.sympathize C.involve D.permit62.A.admiration B.outcome C.strength D.purpose63.A.efficient B.critical C.upright D.cruel64.A.solved B.dealt C.prepaired D.corrected65.A. In short B. In addition C. Even though D. As a result51-65 A B C B D A B D D C A C B D BDProbably the number one complaint about reading Shakespeare is that it doesn't always read like "normal" English. It’s a natural and reasonable 51 . Shakespeare wrote for an audience over 400 years ago. Think about how word meanings and expressions change over arelatively short time; four centuries bring with them a lot of 52 . The Renaissance and England’s emerging status as a sea power 53 the language to an ever-increasing range of cultures and languages. At thesame time, there was no real standardization in English. formal dictionaries and grammar textbooks 54 did not exist, and "proper" education focused much more on classical Latin than on colloquial English. Despite this neglect---or perhaps because of it---English by the reign of Elizabeth had a certain flexibility to it, of which Shakespeare 55 .So how can a reader today 56 that gap between then and now? There are two critical areas to 57 :word usage and grammar. Once you understand these fundamental concepts, Shakespeare becomes a lot more 58 .First and foremost, there have been numerous vocabulary changes in English since Shakespeare was writing. while many words are still recognizable today, others have shifted in their meaning or dropped altogether from usage.59 ,when was the last time you heard anyone use words such as bodkin(a piercing tool), contumely(verbal abuse),or fardel (a bundle)?Often the context in which a word is used will help you determine its meaning. A good 60 with detailed footnotes will help you, as well as a good dictionary. The main thing is to be aware that even a familiar word from today may be used with a different meaning in Shakespeare's works. Grammar is where the 61 of Shakespeare's English is often most apparent. 62 of speech are frequently switched, such as nouns or adjectives becoming verbs. Verbs and subjects don't always 63 . Even sentence construction can be 64 , with inversions of the basic subject-verb-object order. 65 we would say, "John caught the ball."Shakespeare might51--65 BBACC DACBA DACDBE1,000 Places to See before you Die is the book whose title has made it such a success and one of the most popular gift books on the market. With over 3 million copies in print and 25 translations, the book sold well enough to merit a full-color second __51__, which includes more than 200 new locations.“Some people have really taken it to heart,” says author Patricia Schultz, who dreamed up the idea for thebook after working for several years as a prolific travel writer. “People come to me when I do signing and say they have. __52__ it like the Bible. They have showed me these dog-eared, old coffee stained books where they have __53__ in yellow all the places they want to go ... People are actually color __54__ their whole lives around the book.”“__55__ the fragility of our life is something we are aware of but don’t talk about,” Schultz continues. “The title was meant to be __56__. With travel, people wait __57__ they retire or their kids leave. And by then, it is too late. You __58__ and you are 90. There is only one thing we are __59__ of in life, it is that you will die. “Schultz decided to include __60__ in the book for all the places she had been. She hopes that her work can shift American attitude towards travel. With economy still weak and workers concerned about their job security, taking vacation time can feel __61__ or excessive. But Schultz says, we only have one life, and it is worth using it to see the world. We lock ourselves into routines and what we __62__ seeing of the world is so small and limited. She once said “I think it is about priorities. I can’t tell you how many times I __63__ out my apartment, sometimes for two weeks or a month at a time. I did not have a sofa for years, __64__ I was never home to sit on it. My __65__ was to buy an air ticket to get me almost anywhere.”51.A.edition B.title C.pattern D.alternation52.A.judged B.embraced C.dismissed D.regarded53.A.decorated B.highlighted C.circulated D.drawn54.A.watering B.analyzing C.coding D.distinguishing55.A.Disappointedly B.Especially C.Occasionally D.Generally56.A.shocking B.forceful C.sensible D.passionate57.A.when B.if C.although D.until58.A.get up B.put off C.wake up D.make off59.A.assured B.confident C.proud D.ashamed60.A.emphasis B.instants C.inputs D.entries61.A.insensitive B.wise C.risky D.colorful62.A.end up B.work out C.make out D.settle down63.A.sold B.sent C.advertised D.rented64.A.because B.while C.unless D.in case65.A.ambition B.proposal C.priority D.principle51-65 ABBCD BDCAD CADAC。

静安区2023学年度第一学期期末教学质量调研高三英语试卷(满分140分,完卷时间120分钟)2023年12月考生注意：1.完卷时间120分钟,试卷满分140分。

2.本调研设试卷和答题纸两部分，全卷共12页。

所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

第Ⅰ卷(共100分)I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.In a gallery. B.At the barber's. C.In a restaurant. D.At the tailor's.2.A.Fellow workers. B.Family members.C.Doctor and patient.D.Driver and passenger.3.A.Choosing psychology. B.Choosing economics.C.Neither is a good choice.D.Choosing a major of interest.4. A.She did not feel sorry for being late for the appointment.B.She did not inform the man of her del ay in advance.C.She wasn't really caught in the traffic jam.D.She wasn't always late for the appointment.5. A.It was lost and won't be found. B.It was transferred to a different city.C.It was delivered to her hotel already.D.It was stolen during her trip.6．. A.He has realized he still leaves much to be desired.B.He is angry with not getting the lead role in the play.C.He is confident about getting the lead role next time.D.He feels reluctant to take the new responsibilities.7. A.They told a lot of stories during the meeting.B.There is no need for them to argue so fiercely in public.C.Both perspectives should be considered before judging.D.They should have resolved their issues in private.8. A.She has already been to the café.B.She is not interested in going to the café.C.She knows about the cafébut hasn't visited it.D.She wants to go to the caféright away.9. A.She expects the man to help Brian move to a new house.B.She expects the man to take mum to Brain's new house.C.She expects the man to celebrate mum's birthday together.D.She expects the man to make a phone call to Mum.10.A.The fantastic and high-quality camera. B.The need for better internet connectivity.C.Their favorite photography techniques.D.The pros and cons of a new smartphone.Sect ion BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation.After each passage or conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.Its regular driving practices and poor vehicles.B.Its lack of green spaces and air cleaners.C.Its excessive water pollution and rubbish.D.Its high air pollution and crowded roads.12.A.Establishing a high interest loan scheme.B.Removing outdated black and white taxis.C.Encouraging customers to create new ideas.D.Making advertisements on old vehicles.13.A.Because customers are more friendly and richer.B.Because all new cabs provide air-conditioning.C.Because all new cabs are equipped with meters.D.Because car manufacturers can earn extra money.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.Canceling all the gifts. B.Applying a‘one-gift’rule.C.Giving children less time to play.D.Encouraging buying second-hand gifts.15.A.Buying a rare and expensive souvenir.B.Buying a hand-made craft product.C.Giving something that won't cost money.D.Giving an experience of something new.16.A.The waste caused by Christmas gifts.B.The importance of buying gifts for children.C.The creative ideas of giving gifts to avoid waste.D.The negative effects of receiving too many gifts.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.By trading physical items. B.By exchanging artistic creativity.C.By hosting art exhibitions.D.By making artistic advertisements.18.A.Painting and writing. B.Graphic design and photography.C.Music and album cover design.D.Video editing and project management.19.A.Members can benefit without efforts.B.Members can make money by providing artistic services.C.Members can get copyrights of other artistic offerings.D.Members can have access to the creative exchange list.petitive individualism. B.Artistic cooperation and inspiration.C.Individual fame in the art field.D.Material collaboration and exchange.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Japan's robot revolution in senior careJapan's artificial intelligence expertise is transforming the elder care industry,with21(specialize)robotic care accomplishing more than just taking pressure off the critical shortage of caregivers.Senior care facilities across Japan are testing out such new robots22deliver a collection of social and physical health care and the government-backed initiative has been met with positive reviews by elderly residents.The rapidly graying population23(eye)by the government as a potential market for medical technology now.Disappointing government predictions show that by2025,Japan's first baby boomers will have turned75 and about7million people are likely to suffer from some form of dementia(痴呆).The nation won't be able to avoid a dementia crisis24an additional380.000senior care workers.The long-standing shortage of professional care workers has encouraged the Japanese government25 (simplify)procedures for foreign caregivers to be trained and certified.The current Technical Intern Training Program between Vietnam,the Philippines,and Indonesia,under26Economic Partnership Agreement,was extended to include nursing care as well as agriculture,fishery,and construction sectors.27the government made efforts to increase the numbers of senior care workers,the target number of foreign graduates has still fallen flat,with the national caregiver examination proving a major obstacle to pass. The success rate for foreign students was a merely106students last year,28has slightly improved to216 students this year.Another depressing reality is that19to38percent of foreign nurses who pass the exam opt to leave the industry and return home,29(cite)tough work conditions and long hours.Given the challenges,this is 30the government believes care robots will be able to step in.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.smoothingB.remainC.switchedD.likelihoodE.impactF.tipG.broadly H.headed I.booming J.positioning K.reliablySea-level rise predictionsA team of University of Idaho scientists is studying a fast-moving glacier in Alaska in hopes of developing better predictions on how quickly global sea levels will rise.Tim Bartholomaus,a professor in the Department of Geography and Geological Sciences,spent several weeks on Turner Glacier in Alaska's southeastern31near Disenchantment Bay.The glacier is unique because, unlike other glaciers,it rises greatly every five to eight years.A surging glacier is defined,32,as one that starts flowing at least10times faster than normal.But the how and why of that glacial movement is poorly understood,although recent research suggests that global climate change increases the33of glacial surging.During Turner's surges,the mass of ice and rock will increase its speed from roughly3feet a day to65feet per day.All of that is important because glaciers falling into the ocean are a major contributor to sea level rise,and current climate change models don't34account for these movements.For example,Greenland's glaciers are one of the leading contributors to global sea-level rise.Since the early2000s,Greenland35from not having any effect on world sea levels,to increasing sea level by about1millimeter per year.Half of that yearly increase is due to warmer average temperatures,which leads to more ice melting.The other half,however,is because glaciers in Greenland are,as a whole,moving faster and running into the ocean more frequently.Glacial movement has something to do with water running underneath the glacier.Glaciers are full of holes, and water runs through those holes.When the water pressure is high underneath a glacier,it starts to move,partly because it's lifting the mass of ice and rock off the ground and partly because it's36the underside of the glacier.But how exactly does that water move through the glacier,and how does the movement37the glacier’s speed?Those are the questions the scientists hope to answer.Bartholomaus,some graduate students and researchers from Boise State University,38onto the ice in August.They set up a base camp at the toe of the glacier and spent their days flying in on helicopters.They placed roughly30instruments,burying them deeply into the glacier and39them on rock outcroppings(露岩) alongside the glacier.This summer the team will return to get the instruments and replace batteries.Those instruments will40on and around the glacier until the glacier surge stops,providing researchers with before and after data.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Investors probably expect that following the suggestions of stock analysts would make them better off than doing the exact opposite.41,recent research by Nicola Gennaioli and his colleagues shows that the best way to gain excess return s would be to invest in the shares least favored by analysts.They compute that,during the last 35years,investing in the10percent of U.S.stocks analysts were most42about would have yielded on average 3percent a year.43,investing in the10percent of stocks analysts were most pessimistic about would have yielded a surprising15percent a year.Gennaioli and colleagues shed light on this44with the help of cognitive sciences and,in particular,using Kahneman and Tversky's concept of representativeness.Decision makers,according to this view,45therepresentative features of a group or a phenomenon.These are defined as the features that occur more frequently in that group than in a baseline reference group.After observing strong earnings growth—the explanation goes—analysts think that the firm may be the next Google.“Googles”are in fact more frequent among firms experiencing strong growth,which makes them46. The problem is that“Googles”are very47in absolute terms.As a result,expectations become too optimistic, and future performance48.A model of stock prices in which investor beliefs follow this logic can account both qualitatively and quantitatively for the beliefs of analysts and the dynamics(动态变化)of stock returns.In related work,the authors also show that the same model can49booms and busts in the volume of credit and interest rate spreads.These works are part of a research project aimed at taking insights from cognitive sciences and at50them into economic models.Kahneman and Tversky's concept of“representativeness”lies at the heart of this effort.“In a classical example,we51to think of Irishmen as redheads because red hair is much more frequent among Irishmen than among the rest of the world,”Prof.Gennaioli says.“However,only10percent of Irishmen are redheads.In our work,we develop models of belief formation that show this logic and study the52of this important psychological force in different fields.”Representativeness helps describe53and behavior in different fields,not only in financial markets.One such field is the formation of stereotypes about social groups.In a recent experimental paper,Gennaioli and colleagues show that representativeness can explain self-confidence,and in particular the54of women to compete in traditionally male subjects,such as mathematics.A slight prevalence of55male math ability in the data is enough to make math ability un-representative for women,driving their under confidence in this particular subject.41.A.Consequently B.Furthermore C.Nevertheless D.Meanwhile42.A.curious B.controversial C.concerned D.optimistic43.A.In brief B.By contrast C.In addition D.Without doubt44.A.engagement B.concentration C.puzzle D.definition45.A.memorize B.prioritize C.modernize D.fertilize46.A.representative B.argumentative C.executive D.sensitive47.A.harsh B.adaptable C.crucial D.rare48.A.cheers B.disappoints C.stabilizes D.improves49.A.account for B.count on C.suffer from D.hold up50.A.pouring B.admitting C.integrating D.tempting51.A.pretend B.afford C.offer D.tend52.A.effects B.delights C.intervals D.codespanions B.scales C.expectations D.findings54.A.necessity B.involvement C.perseverance D.reluctance55.A.equivalent B.exceptional C.mysterious D.distressingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best accordingto the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Montessori was born in Italy in1870with progressive parents,who frequently communicated with the country's leading thinkers and scholars.This enlightened family environment provided Montessori with many advantages over other young girls of the time.Her mother's support was vital for some important decisions,such as her enrolment in a technical school after her elementary education.Her parents'support also proved to be essential for her decision to study medicine,a field that was dominated by men.Soon after graduating,in1896,Montessori began work as a voluntary assistant in a clinic at the University of Rome,where she cared for children with learning difficulties.The rooms were bare,with just a few pieces of furniture.One day,she found that the children were enthusiastically playing with breadcrumbs(面包屑)that had dropped on the floor.It then occurred to her that the origin of some intellectual disabilities could be related with poverty.With the right learning materials,these and other young minds could be nurtured,Montessori concluded.The observation would lead Montessori to develop a new method of education that focused on providing optimal stimulation during the sensitive periods of childhood.At its centre was the principle that all the learning materials should be child-sized and designed to appeal to all the senses.In addition,each child should also be allowed to move and act freely,and use their creativity and problem-solving skills.Teachers took the role of guides,supporting the children without press or control.Montessori opened her first Children's House in1907.When the Fascists(法西斯主义者)first came into power in Italy in1922,they initially embraced her movement.But they soon came to oppose the emphasis on the children's freedom of expression.Montessori's values had always been about human respect,and the rights of children and women,but the Fascists wanted to use her work and her fame.Things reached a breaking point when the Fascist tried to influence the schools'educational content,and in 1934Montessori and her son decided to leave Italy.She didn't return to her homeland until1947,and she continued to write about and develop her method until her death in1952,at the age of81.56.The primary reason for Montessori to develop a new educational method was.A.her family's supportive influence on her educationB.her experience as a voluntary assistant in a clinicC.her observation of children playing with breadcrumbs happilyD.her decision to study medicine,a field dominated by men57.What was a central principle of Montessori’s educational method as described in the passage?A.Providing standardized,one-size-fits-all learning materials.B.Encouraging strict discipline and control over children's actions.C.Focusing on rote memorization and competition.D.Creating a free and children-centered learning environment.58.Montessori decided to leave Italy in1934because.A.she wanted to explore other countries and culturesB.she wanted to avoid the Fascist's influence on her workC.she was offered a better job in a different countryD.she wanted to retire and enjoy a peaceful life in another country59.Which of the following words can best describe Montessori in this passage?A.Observant and innovative.B.Traditional and emotional.C.Progressive and dependent.D.Open-minded and indifferent.(B)Reducing the workweek to four days could have a climate benefit.In addition to improving the well-being of workers,cutting working hours may reduce carbon emissions.But those benefits would depend on a number of factors,experts emphasize,including how people choose to spend nonworking time.Commuting and travelTransportation is the biggest contributor to greenhouse emissions.A November2021survey of2,000employees and500business leaders in the United Kingdom found that if all organizations introduced a four-day week,the reduced trips to work would decrease travel overall by more than691million miles a week.But the climate benefits of less commuting could be eliminated,experts said,if people choose to spend their extra time off traveling,particularly if they do so by car or plane.Energy usageShorter working hours could lead to reductions in energy usage,experts said.According to a2006paper,if the United States adopted European work standards,the country would consume about20percent less energy.Energy could also be conserved if fewer resources are needed to heat and cool large office buildings, reducing demands on electricity.For example,if an entire workplace shuts down on the fifth day,that would help lower consumption—less so if the office stays open to accommodate employees taking different days off.Lifestyle changesIt's possible that fewer working hours may lead some people to have a larger carbon footprint,but experts say research suggests that most people are likely to shift toward more sustainable lifestyles.One theory is that people who work more and have less free time tend to do things in more carbon-intensive ways,such as choosing faster modes of transportation or buying prepared foods.Convenience is often carbon-intensive and people tend to choose convenience when they're time-stressed.Meanwhile,some research suggests that those who work less are more likely to engage in traditionally low-carbon activities,such as spending time with family or sleeping.“When we talk about the four-day workweek and the environment,we focus on the tangible,but actually,ina way,the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible,”experts said.60.What is identified as the leading cause of greenhouse emissions according to the passage?A.The well-being of employees.B.The conservation of energy.muting and travel.D.The European work standard.61.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence“the biggest potential benefit here is in the intangible”in the lastparagraph?A.People will have big potential in achieving intangible benefits while working.B.People are more likely to engage in carbon-intensive activities due to time constraints.C.People may shift toward more sustainable lifestyles and lower carbon footprints.D.People may travel more frequently by car or plane during their extra time off.62.The passage is mainly written to.A.highlight the importance of shortening working time in the context of well-beingB.provide an overview of transportation emissions worldwideC.analyze the impact of reduced working hours on mode of businessD.illustrate factors affecting the climate benefits of a shorter workweek(C)The cultivation of plants by ants is more widespread than previously realized,and has evolved on at least15 separate occasions.There are more than200species of an t in the Americas that farm fungi(真菌)for food,but this trait evolved just once sometime between45million and65million years ago.Biologists regard the cultivation of fungi by ants as true agriculture appearing earlier than human agriculture because it meets four criteria:the ants plant the fungus, care for it,harvest it and depend on it for food.By contrast,while thousands of ant species are known to have a wide variety of interdependent relationships with plants,none were regarded as true agriculture.But in2016,Guillaume Chomicki and Susanne Renner at the University of Munich,Germany,discovered that an ant in Fungi cultivates several plants in a way that meets the four criteria for true agriculture.The ants collect the seeds of the plants and place them in cracks in the bar k of trees.As the plants grow, they form hollow structures called domain that the ants nest in.The ants defecate(排便)at designated absorptive places in these domain,providing nutrients for the plant.In return,as well as shelter,the plant provides food in the form of fruit juice.This discovery prompted Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships to see if there are other examples of plant cultivation that have been overlooked.“They have never really been looked at in the framework of agriculture,”says Chomicki,who is now at the University of Sheffield in the UK.“It's definitely widespread.”The team identified37examples of tree-living ants that cultivate plants that grow on trees,known as epiphytes(附生植物).By looking at the family trees of the ant species,the team was able to determine on how many occasions plant cultivation evolved and roughly when.Fifteen is a conservative estimate,says Campbell.All the systems evolved relatively recently,around1million to3million years ago,she says.Whether the37examples of plant cultivation identified by the team count as true agriculture depends on the definitions used.Not all of the species get food from the plants,but they do rely on them for shelter,which is crucial for ants living in trees,says Campbell.So the team thinks the definition of true agriculture should include shelter as well as food.63.According to biologists,why is ant-fungus cultivation considered as a form of true agriculture?A.Because it occurred earlier than human agriculture.B.Because it fulfills the standards typical of agricultural practices.C.Because it redefines the four criteria for true human agriculture.D.Because it is less common than previously thought.64.What motivated Chomicki and others to review the literature on ant-plant relationships?A.They determined on new family trees of the ant species.B.They overlooked some tree-living ants that provided nutrients for the plants.C.They never studied the ant-plant relationships within the context of agriculture.D.They never identified any an t species that engaged in cultivation of fungi.65.Which of the following statements is supported by the team's findings according to the passage?A.Ants’cultivation of plants is limited to a few specific species.B.The cultivation of fungi by ants is considered the earliest form of agriculture.C.True agriculture in ants involves only food-related interactions with plants.D.Ants have independently cultivated plants on at least15distinct occasions.66.What is the passage mainly about?A.The evolution of ants in the plant kingdom.B.The widespread occurrence of ant-plant cultivation.C.The discovery of a new ant species engaging in agriculture.D.The contrast between ant agriculture and human agriculture.Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.In the end,it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity.B.Doppelgängers will also have some of the same DNA as you.C.To enter your workplace,you likely need to be recognizable.D.Why are people interested in finding their possible doppelgangers?E.Eventually,discovering a person's doppelgänger might widen trust boundaries.F.A doppelgänger was said to be a spirit-double that copied every human and beast on earth.What is the likelihood of you having someone who looks just like you?Would it be a good thing?And if you did have one,would you want to meet them?Consider how often your facial features are used to identify you.Your passport,ID card and driving license all feature your face.67You may need your face to unlock your smartphone and possibly even need it to exclude you from being present at a crime scene.The word‘doppelgänger’refers to a person who looks the same as you,essentially sharing your features; those that you thought were unique to you and your identity.Not identical twins,as a doppelgänger has no relation to you.The idea originated in German folklore.68So,let's get real.What are the chances of you having one in the first place?There's said to be a one in135 chance of an exact match for you existing anywhere in the world,so the chances are pretty low,despite folk wisdom promising you otherwise.And the chances of meeting?The mathematical certainty of finding this particular person is supposedly less than one in a trillion.That said,these statistics may be a good thing.Historically,having a double wasn't always a positive.Back in1999,an innocent American man,indistinguishable from the real criminal,was sent to prison for robbery, where he stayed for19years.69.In a different case,a woman in New York was accused of trying to poison her doppelgänger with deadly cheesecake so that she could steal her identity!70The fascination with doppelgängers may be rooted in historical beliefs that facial resemblance meantthey were from the same family or had a common ancestor.It leads to the hope that one day you will meet your lookalike,creating the thrill of a potentially strange meeting.However,as these encounters can be both interesting and disturbing,we understand that after such an experience,you might not want to meet your doppelgänger again.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.Competitive CheerleadingOver the years,cheerleading has taken two primary forms:game-time cheerleading and competitive cheerleading.Game-time cheerleaders'main goal is to entertain the crowd and lead them with team cheers,which should not be considered a sport.However,competitive cheerleading is more than a form of entertainment.It is really a competitive sport.Competitive cheerleading includes lots of physical activity.The majority of the teams require a certain level of tumbling(翻腾运动)ability.It's a very common thing for gymnasts,so it's easy for them to go into competitive ually these cheerleaders integrate lots of their gymnastics experience including their jumps, tumbling,and overall energy.They also perform lifts and throws.Competitive cheerleading is also an activity that is governed by rules under which a winner can be declared.It is awarded points for technique,creativity and ually the more difficult the action is,the better the score is.That's why cheerleaders are trying to experience great difficulty in their performance.Besides,there is also a strict rule of time.The whole performance has to be completed in less than three minutes and fifteen seconds,during which the cheerleaders are required to stay within a certain area.Any performance beyond the limit of time is invalid.Another reason for the fact that competitive cheerleading is one of the hardest sports is that it has more reported injuries.According to some research,competitive cheerleading is the number one cause of serious sports injuries to women.Generally,these injuries affect all areas of the body,including wrists,shoulders,ankles,head, and neck.There can be no doubt that competitive cheerleading is a sport with professional skills.It should be noted that it is a team sport and even the smallest mistake made by one teammate can bring the score of the entire team down.So without working together to achieve the goal,first place is out of reach.第Ⅱ卷(共40分)V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.如果不好好准备，周五的演讲可能会变得一塌糊涂。

徐汇中学2021学年高三年级第一学期流水号期中考试英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 7:00 B. 3:00 C. 10:00 D. 4:002. A. Walk around the corner.B. Take a taxi to the hotel.C. Telephone the hotel for directions.D. Ask another person.3. A. She lives near the beach.B. She often goes to the beach.C. She has a weekend job at the beach.D. She misses the way to the beach.4. A. She doesn’t plan to work in her brother’s law firm.B. She doesn’t want to be a criminal lawyer.C. She is considering becoming a tax lawyer.D. She has decided not to go to law school.5. A. It is too big.B. It is too old-fashioned.C. It is very expensive.D. It is very small.6. A. The professor might give an exam in class.B. The man might not be able to leave campus early.C. They might not finish their oral presentations.D. This week’s class might be longer than expected.7. A. Invite his roommate to a party.B. Ask his roommate to go to the housing office.C. Stop complaining about his roommate.D. Try to get a different roommate.8. A. Buy a new book.B. Borrow her book.C. Check the classroom again.D. Ask about the book at the lost-and-found.9. A. He’s improved the way he looks.B. He manages his time well.C. He looks happier lately.D. He follows directions more carefully now.10. A. He doesn’t have any paper towels.B. They don’t need any more paper bags.C. There is no need to keep the eggs.D. He thinks a mop would work better.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. How she got her first digital camera.B. A picture she took with her box camera.C. A trip that she and her parents took to the beach.D. Why she started to learn how to ski.12. A. Her parents had never taken her abroad before.B. She didn’t know the destination until the day they started off.C. She and her family usually preferred the seaside to mountains.D. Her parents prepared some surprise gifts for her on the journey.13. A. She hasn’t ever tried it.B. She doesn’t love it.C. She doesn’t find it interesting.D. She isn’t sure whether she can do it now.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Maine was less influenced by the French people.B. Maine had better employment opportunities.C. Maine was politically stable.D. Maine had a better climate.15. A. The area was economically unified.B. The authorities were unable to enforce law and order.C. The two governments fought for control of the area.D. Most of the people living there spoke mainly French.16. A. The latest practice of accurate mapmaking.B. The impact of diseases on immigration.C. The advantages of establishing international trade agreements.D. The technology used to locate the Old Canada Road.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Parents have no time to prepare food.B. Children pay no attention to their health.C. Parents use sweets as an occasional treat.D. Children get nutrition from sugary snacks.18. A. Calories that do nothing to people.B. Calories that are good for health.C. Calories that people still need.D. Calories that come from food.19. A. They will find the term confusing.B. They will get more addicted to sugar.C. They will feel exhausted for some time.D. They will have headaches two days later.20. A. Have a sugar-free week.B. Buy cars with good brakes.C. Take more break after work.D. Watch what will happen to lab rats.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s good to share, right? Growing up as kids, we are told to share our toys and not to be selfish. We also live in an age when unfolding our feeling is encouraged. But when does it all become too excessive? With new crazes (21) __________ (sweep) network platforms, such as dance challenges and wearing a pillow as a dress, the question is: when (22) __________ sharing evolve into oversharing on social media?What is oversharing? The term has become associated with social media, but it isn’t exclusive to this platform. Imagine (23) __________ heading to a party and you encounter someone. Within five minutes they have disclosed intimate details about their life. (24) __________ some of us may try to escape these people, according to marriage therapist Carolyn Cole, this form of oversharing could be rooted in a strong desire (25) __________(connect) with someone. But how does this translate to social media?Dr Christopher Hand, a lecturer in cyberpsychology, says the more details people disclose, (26) __________ (sympathetic) we are when things go wrong. This could be due to a belief (27) __________ they attract our own negative experiences if they share more. It seems that sadfishing, the idea of searching for sympathy by oversharing,(28) __________ __________the cry for help is generally considered as negative.However, Dr Hand’s research also seems to suggest that the more we post on a platform, the more socially attractive we become -- (29) __________ the posts we bang out are positive. Even back in 2015, Gwendolyn Seidman PhD, said that we should avoid being ones (30) __________ (complain) without stop and being negative online. We should also steer clear of showing off or bragging, as it’s now known-- especially about our love lives. It makes sense -- suppose your date is going “that well”, would you really have time to share a photo with text?So, how can you know if you are oversharing? Well, why not ask your close friends in real life? They will probably be more than happy to tell you whether your posts about your breakfast or your complaints on your rainy days are too much.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. addressB. emergedC. harmoniouslyD. withdrewE. complexF. fashionG. troublesomeH. understandablyI. initialJ. harvestK. novelWith the rapid growth of the aging population in China, the installation of elevators in old communities has gradually become an inevitable issue. A lot of neighborhoods are living no longer (31) __________ due to the living ills of their six-story, elevator-less buildings.Recently, a residential (32)__________ in Hangzhou has come up with an initiative designed to (33) __________ the problem as to how to raise funds for facilities much-needed by elderly residents, which are called “public transit elevators.” Pay one yuan, and you can take the ride once, just like taking a bus. The price remains unchanged whether you take the lift by yourself or with your whole family. From my perspective, this (34)__________ solution is quite necessary, but still needs improvement.The greatest concern is the price. Residents in old communities have been at odds with one another regarding how to most effectively distribute the necessary money with which to pay for the installation of elevators. Most residents living on lower floors are (35)__________ reluctant to pay for an elevator to be installed given that it will likely end up occupying their common area of public space. For those living on higher floors, however, the lack of elevator can often be quite (36) __________, especially for the elderly. Therefore, although the installation charge has been cut down to a very low level by adding pay-to-use elevators, how to properly allocate(分配) the (37)__________ costs involved remains to be negotiated. Another problem has (38)__________ concerning who’ll ultimately pay for the ride, suppose two families share one elevator at the same time.Much easier as it is to work things on paper, it requires a considerable investment of financial and material resources in its initial stage, and it will only be able to (39)__________ subtle returns, at least in the short run, making it challenging for whatever authority to carry out the proposal.Still we have to place ourselves in the position in which we can best serve the greater society and by this, treat the issue in a more reasonable (40) __________ so as to minimize any potential losses.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Faster, cheaper, better---- technology is one field many people rely upon to offer a vision of a brighter future. As we move into the 2020s, however, (41) __________ is in short supply. The new technologies (42) __________ the past decade seem to mess up the things. Social media are better known for invading privacy and spreading fake news. E-commerce is (43) __________ with underpaying workers and increasing inequality. Parents worry that smartphones have turned their children into screen-addicted zombies (僵尸).(44) __________, the technologies also seem to be casting a dark shadow. AI may well threaten your job. Internet giants have changed from talent (45) _________ to outcasts(被排斥者). “A mood of pessimism”,the New York Times writes, has (46)__________ “the idea of inevitable progress born in the scientific and industrial revolutions.”(47)__________ that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good have arisen before. In the 1970s, the gloom was caused by fears of overpopulation and the prospect of nuclear disaster. The 1920s witnessed a boycott(抵制) of cars, which had been seen as a(n) (48) __________ solution to horse-drawn vehicles. Similarly, in the 19th century industrialization was greeted with (49) __________ from socialists.However, a sense of techno-pessimism can be (50) __________. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology, while taking its benefits for granted. Worries about screen time should be (51) __________ the much more real advantages of instant communication and easy access to information that smartphones make possible. A further danger is what Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a “technology trap.” Fears that robots will (52) __________ people of their jobs may motivate politicians to tax them. (53) __________, countries wishing to maintain level of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.It’s the choices people make about technology that (54) __________ the world. As a result, the techlash (技术抵制潮) is a necessary step in the adoption of new technologies. At its best, it helps frame how society gives in to innovations and imposes rules and policies against their (55) __________ potential.41. A. challenge B. optimism C. imagination D. knowledge42. A. dominating B. spoiling C. featuring D. justifying43. A. experimented B. charged C. loaded D. threatened44. A. Undoubtedly B. Frustratingly C. Fortunately D. Importantly45. A. trainers B. competitors C. magnets D. reminders46. A. converted B. mirrored C. replaced D. proved47. A. Concerns B. Predictions C. Notices D. Exceptions48. A. unnecessary B. common C. impractical D. marvelous49. A. competition B. reform C. criticism D. compliment50. A. adjusted B. valued C. underestimated D. overdone51. A. combined with B. substituted for C.weighed against D. compared to52. A. rob B. aid C. guide D. assess53. A. Likewise B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore54. A. improve B. destroy C. shape D. create55. A. suspicious B. disastrous C. commercial D. promisingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AFlooded by more information than we can possibly hold in our heads, we’re increasingly shifting from the job of remembering to search engines and smartphones. Google is even reportedly working on eyeglasses that could one day recognize faces and supply details about whoever you’re looking at. But new research shows that outsourcing our memory -- and expecting that information will be continually and immediately available--- is changing our cognitive habits.Research conducted by Betsy Sparrow, an assistant professor of psychology at Columbia University, has identified three new realities about how we process information in the Internet age. First, her experiments have shown that when we don’t know the answer to a question, we now think about where we can find the nearest Web connection instead of the subject of the question itself. A second revelation is that when we expect to be able to find certain information again later on, we don’t remember it as well as when we think it might become unavailable. And then there is the researchers’ final observation: the expectation that we’ll be able to locate information down the line leads us to form a memory not of the fact itself but of where we’ll be able to find it.But this shift comes with a downside. Skills like critical thinking and analysis must develop in the context of facts: we need something to think and reason about, after all. And these facts can’t be Googled as we go; they need to be stored in our internal long-term memory. Especially in the case of children, “factual knowledge must precede skill” says Daniel Willingham, a professor of psychology, at the University of Virginia -- meaning that the days of drilling the multiplication table and memorizing the names of the Presidents aren’t over quite yet. Adults, too, need to recruit a supply of stored knowledge in order to situate and evaluate the new information they encounter. You can’t Google context.56. According to the passage, the term “cognitive habits” (Paragraph 1) refers to __________.A. how we deal with informationB. where we locate informationC. what we think of informationD. how we get rid of information57. Which of the following statements about Sparrow’s research is true?A. We remember people and things as much as before.B. We remember more internet connections than before.C. We pay equal attention to the location and content of information.D. We tend to remember where we can locate information rather than the corefacts themselves.58. Google’s eyeglasses, as a search engine, are considered to __________.A. function as a form of our external memoryB. improve our ability to remember things.C. help us see human faces bettersD. work like smartphones59. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Web connections aid our memory.B. People differ in what they remember.C. People store memories on smartphones.D. People should exercise their memory more.BGuaranteed! The Fastest Way to Learn a Language Finally, we have a different approach that has millions of people talking. Using the award-winning Dynamic Immersion method, our interactive software teaches without translation, memorization or grammar drills. Combining thousands of real-life images and the voices of native speakers in a step-by-step immersion process, our programs successfully copy the experience of learning your native language.Guaranteed to teach faster and easier than any other language product or your money back. No questions asked.Chinese Vietnamese Russian Indonesia KoreanHebrew Danish English Spanish HindiPortuguese Welsh Greek DutchStep-by -step immersion Instruction in all key language skills:Listening: Native speakers are employed to help you develop your understanding of the spoken language naturally.Each fully interactive course includes:●CD-ROM with 20 activities in each lesson ●Previews, comprehensive exercises andexamples for each lesson●Automated tutorials that assess where youneed extra help●Curriculum text and a user’s guideReading: Text exercises develop your reading skills by linking written language to real-life objects, actions and ideas. Speaking: Speech-recognition feature records and compare your voice to the native speaker’s and grades your pronunciation. Writing: Practice writing the language you’re learning with the program to guide you. The dictation program evaluates your spelling , syntax and punctuation.Level 1 CD_ROM ---------------------$139 Level 2 CD-ROM ----------------------$159Level 1&2 Normally $299 Now $206.10 Call today or buy online for a 20% discountTheRoseStone.co/wds016Call 1800-6310-1389Use promotional code wds016 when placing anorder.All major credit cards accepted.60. Which of the following is the main advantage of the Dynamic Immersion method?A. It encourages the active memorization of words.B. It provides the user with extensive exercises in grammar.C. It allows the user to acquire a language in a shorter time than the average.D. It teaches by translating the foreign into the user’s native language.61. In order to know his or her progress, a user of this software has to __________.A. turn to the automated tutorialsB. complete all the 20 activities in each lessonC. call 1800-6310-1389 to consult with a teacherD. compare his or her voice with the native language62. Which of the following skills in the program has more to do with the learner’s life experiences?A. ListeningB. ReadingC. SpeakingD. WritingC“In every known human society the male’s needs for achievement can be recognized ... In a great number of human societies men’s sureness of their sex role is tied up with their right, or ability, to practice some activities that women are not allowed to. The maleness in fact has to be underwritten by preventing women from entering some fields or performing some feat (壮举).”This is the conclusion of the anthropologist (人类学家) Margaret Mead about the way in which the roles of men and women is society should be distinguished.If talk and print are considered, it would seem that the formal liberation of women is far from complete. There is a flow of publications about the continuing domestic bondage of women and about the complicated system of defence which men have thrown up around their, by far and away, accepted advantages, taking sometimesthe obvious form of exclusion from types of occupation and sociable groupings, and sometimes the more subtle form of automatic doubt of the seriousness of women’s claims to the level of intellect and resolution that men, it is supposed, bring to the business of running the world.There are a good many objective pieces of evidence for the erosion of men’s status. In the first place, there is the widespread postwar phenomenon of the woman Prime Minister, in India, Sri Lanka and Israel.Secondly, there is the very large increase in the number of women who work, especially married women and mothers of children. We witness the sharing of domestic tasks, and the admission of women to all sorts of previously exclusively male pastimes.In the ancient natural society, cave men went out and fish and to fight off the tribe next door while women kept the fire going. Everyone carries round with him a fairly definite idea of the primitive and natural conditions of human life. It is acquired more by the study of humorous cartoons than of archaeology (考古学), but that does not matter since it’s not significant as theory but only as an expression of inwardly felt expectations of people’s sense of what is fundamentally proper in the differentiation between the roles and the two sexes.63. The phrase “men’s sureness of their sex role” in the first paragraph suggests that they ________.A. are confident in their ability to charm womenB. take the initiative in work and lifeC. have a clear idea of what is considered “manly”D. tend to be more immoral than women are64. The third paragraph does NOT mention that men ________.A. prevent women from taking up certain professionsB. secretly admire women’s intellect and resolutionC. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in businessD. forbid women to join certain clubs and societies.65. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraph ________.A. is based on the study of ancient societiesB. illustrates how people expect men to behaveC. is dismissed by author as an irrelevant jokeD. proves that men, not women, should be the breadwinner66. The opening quotation (Paragraph 1) from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between men and women which the author __________.A. approves ofB. takes for grantedB. completely rejects D. expects to go on changingSection CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. However, take care not to do too much exercise.B. Most governments urge people to do a little every day, or at least spread their exercise over the week.C. Having a busy weekend with three or four hours spent taking exercise does more good than thought.D. Could you ever get too much of a good thing?E. But what do you actually have to do to get the desired results?F. The WHO’s definition of moderate exercise includes housework and gardening.The benefits of exercise have been fully noted and your resolutions have been made. Yes, you want to be fit and live a long and healthy life. (67)__________ __________.According to standard advice issued by the World Health Organization, adults should be getting at least 150 minutes of moderate physical workout or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week to extend their lives, get fit, have stronger muscles and be a healthy weight. If that didn’t already sound a lot, the WHO says to double that if you want to get further benefits.The good news for those who dislike sports is that it’s possible to stick to these guidelines without entering a gym or breaking into a jog. (68)__________________.This idea is in line with evidence from a study last year of more than 130,000 people in 17 countries, which found that walking to work and housework such as vacuuming or mopping the floor are activities enough to reduce the risk of early death by 28 per cent, as long as you do 150 minutes a week. If you aren’t one for housework, you will be pleased to hear that your weekly amount of exercise can be put into the weekend with no ill effects, says Gray Donovan of Loughbirough University, UK. (69)____________________ But his team analyzed data from more than 63,000 adults in the UK covering 18 years and found that people who favored a “weekend fighter” plan had pretty much the same reduced risk of early death from all causes as those who spread out exercise. “One weekly exercise is usually sufficient to reduce mortality and morbidity (死亡率和发病率),” Donovan says. Even weekend fighters who did less than the recommended amount for the week fared better than inactive people.(70)____________________ “No level of exercise is too much,” says Donovan. “There’s no increase in mortality or morbidity if you keep increasing the amount.” Just don’t go too hard each time.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Hosting the OlympicsToday, the Olympic Games are one of the most popular and most watched events on earth. Every four years, many countries bid for the Games. Why do they do this? What are the advantages of hosting such an event?A world-class event demands world-class facilities from the host city, and any which do not already exist will have to be built. These will remain for the local population to enjoy after the Games are over. An example of this is the accommodation which will have to be built, not only for the athletes in their Olympic village, but also for visitors. Later this can be transformed into permanent accommodation for tourists and students. The transport system must also be taken into consideration. Hosting the Olympics means having an effective wide-reaching system, which is essential to carry people safely and efficiently to their destinations. Such a transport system is a great advantage for any city and will be in service for the years to come.Funding any great event is a costly business, but many companies fiercely compete to become sponsors of such global events as it is an ideal platform for advertising. This means that advertising profits can easily cover a large proportion of the cost involved. In addition, the broadcasting rights can be a source of finance. For example, the national American TV company NBC paid $3.5 billion to broadcast the Olympic Games between 2000 and 2008.Another consideration is employment. High-tech video cameras are already common in most of our big cities today, and increasing the manpower necessary to guarantee the safety of all concerned provides valuable employment opportunities. Indeed, the organization of such an event gives rise to a large number of jobs in a variety of sectors including security, catering and hospitality.It’s universally agreed that the host city gains overall in terms of improvements in facilities and infrastructure. But this is not all. Not only do the improved facilities remain after the Games have gone, but the city also becomes a significant place in its own right.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.71. 要不了多久，一年一度的购物节将拉开帷幕。

2020届上海市上海中学高三英语第一次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAre you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to? Try some of these places.★Visit art museums.They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids' interest. Many offer workshops for making hand-made pieces, traveling exhibits, book signings by children's favorite writer, and even musical performances and other arts.★Head to a natural history museum.This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur(恐龙) models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also, ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.★Go to a Youtheater.Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors.Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts Puppet(木偶)making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.★Tryhands-on science.Visit one of the many hands-on science museums aroundthe country.These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. They'll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons, experimenting, and building. When everyone is tired, enjoy a fun family science show, commonly found in these museums.1.If a child is interested in the universe, he probably will visit _____.A.a YoutheaterB.an art museumC.a hands-on science museumD.a natural history museum2.What does "hands-on science" mean in the last paragraph?A.Science games designed by kids.B.Learning science by doing things.C.A show of kids' science work.D.Reading science books.3.Where does this text probably come from?A.A museum guide.B.A tourist map.C.A science textbook.D.A news report.BWhen you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than striding down a sidewalk — because the weightof your body pushes into the sand. Turns out, the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads. The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹陷) in the pavement (路面) — and it makes it such that it’s continuously driving up a very shallow hill.Jeremy Gregory, a sustainability scientist at M.I.T. and histeam modeled how much energy could be saved — and green-house gases avoided — by simply stiffening (硬化) the nation’s roads and highways. And they found that stiffening 10 percent of the nation’s roads every year could prevent 440 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over the next five decades — enough to offset half a percent of projected transportation sector emissions over that time period. To put those emissions savings into context — that amount is equivalent to how much CO2 you’d spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground — or by growing seven billion trees — for a decade.The results are in the Transportation Research Record.As for how to stiffen roads? Gregory says you could mix small amounts of synthetic fibers orcarbon nanotubes into paving materials. Or you could pave with cement-based concrete, which is stiffer than asphalt (沥青).This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual hurdles. Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector, you’re talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people — as opposed to changing the way we design and maintain our pavements. That’s just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies. And when it comes to retrofitting (翻新) our streets and highways —those agencies are where the rubber meets the road.4. Why does the author mention “walk on a sandy beach” in paragraph 1?A. To present a fact.B. To make a contrast.C. To explain a rule.D. To share an experience.5. What suggestion does the author give to reduce CO2 emissions?A. Hardening the road.B. Keeping oil in the ground.C. Growing trees for decades.D. Improving the transportation.6. What is the advantage of this suggestion?A. Gaining more support.B. Consuming less money.C. Involving more people.D. Facing fewer usual obstacles.7. What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph?A.Those agencies are likely to make more rules.B. Those agencies will change some related policies.C. Those agenciesmight put more rubber tires on the roads.D. Those agencies will play a key role in making this happen.CYou don't generally expect to put yourself in the public eye whenyou go on vacation. However when a British couple, Jessica and Edward, flew to Crete, they found themselves attracting a lot of attention after coming across a large sum of money in the street.At first, their Crete vacation hadn't been anything outside of the norm. However, it was as they were exploring the souvenir shops that everything changed. The couple were just walking down the street when Jessica suddenly kicked something lying on the ground. It looked a bit like a make-up bag and so they assumed that someone had lost it.Without hesitation, Jessica picked up the bag and opened it. She was shocked to see a lot of money in it-a total of 7,100 Euros. There was probably a lot they could do with all that money. However, the couple didn't have it in them to steal what belonged to someone else. Going to the police was the first thought that came to mind when Jessica saw the money. She didn't consider that there was any other choice, so the couple handed over the money to the local police.The police found the owner, an elderly woman, and informed the couple that the woman wanted to meet them. When they eventually met at the police station, the woman was so overcome with emotion that she wouldn't stop hugging and blessing them, although they insisted they were just doing the right thing.News of what the couple had done quickly made its way around the island. The locals wanted to show them their gratitude. This included receiving free taxi rides and even an offer to have their hotel room upgraded. The couple appreciated the kindness, but it was all getting to be a bit too much. They just wanted to have a normal vacation.They are probably hoping that they fly a little more under the radar during their next vacation. There's only so much attention that these two lovebirds can handle.8. What is the first reaction of the couple after finding the money?A. They decided to do all with that money.B. They bought something in souvenir shops.C. They turned it over to the local police station.D. They tried to look for the owner by themselves.9. Which o£ the following can best describe the locals in Crete?A. Polite and hard-working.B. Kind and grateful.C. Sociable and honest.D. Rich and determined.10. Why do the couple hope to “fly a little more under the radar" in the last paragraph?A. They want to take fewer flights.B. They can't handle more radars.C. They hope to gain less attention.D. They don't have more money.11. What can we learn from the text?A. Good things come to kind people.B. The early bird catchesthe worm.C. Behind bad luck conies good luck.D. Money is too much for strangers.DWhen I was a kid, my mom set aside some breakfast food for supper every nowand then. I remember one night after a long, hard day at work, my mom placed a plate of eggs, sausage, and a plate of extremely burnt biscuits on the table. I waited to see if my dad would get annoyed.All my dad did was to reach for the biscuits, smile at my mom and ask me how my day at school had been. I don't remember what I told him that night but I do remember watching him add butter and jelly on that ugly burnt biscuit and ate every bite of that thing. He never made a face nor uttered a word about it!When I rose from the table that evening, I remember hearing my mom apologize to my dad for overcooking the biscuits and I will never forget what he said, “Honey, I love burnt biscuits every now and then."Later that night, I went to say good night to my daddy, and I wondered if he really liked his biscuits burnt. He wrapped me up in his arms and said gently, "Your mom put in a hard day at work today and she is really tired. Besides, a little burnt biscuit never hurt anyone!As I have grown older, I've thought about that many times. Life is full of imperfect things and imperfect people. Learning to accept each other's faults and choosing to celebrate each other's differences contribute to a healthy, growing, and lasting relationship. We could extend this philosophy to any relationship, such as a husband-wife, parent-child, or friendship. Don't put the key to your happiness in someone else's pocket. Keep it in your own. So, please pass me a biscuit, and yes, the burnt one will do just fine.12. How did the author's dad react to the burnt biscuit?A. He set it aside for breakfast.B. He ate butter and jelly instead.C. He uttered his complaints loudly.D. He ate it up as if nothing happened.13. Which of the following words can best describe the author's dad?A. Caring.B. Determined.C. ProudD. Hardworking.14. What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph?A. Show understanding to imperfect things.B. Ask the children to respect their parents.C. Enjoy the over-cooked biscuits willingly.D. Make important decisions on your own.15. In which section of a magazine may this passage appear?A. History and culture.B. Family and relationship.C. Cuisine and health.D. Entertainment and sports.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

高三英语试卷 第1页 共10页 浦东新区2024学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测 高三英语试卷 （考试时间：105分钟 满分：115分）

I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Reluctant influencers When I started posting videos regularly to grow my on-camera video-coaching business, a friend asked me, “Are you trying to be an influencer?” I hesitated at the question. The word “influencer” (1)_________ (coin) in the 1600s now has become associated with faint negative implications. We’ve all heard of celebrities being accused of “trying too hard”. And perhaps that’s what’s happening to business people as well. My concern as a marketer is that real business people (2)_________ could gain a lot from social media are avoiding the label “influencer” so much that they are hiding entirely. Hiding from the camera is hiding from clients. As I continued to create and post videos, I noticed that the number of my audience was twice (3)_________ of the previous month, and likes were rising. It was then that I realized I was using my platform to make a difference in people’s lives. No longer was I worried about what it meant or (4)_________ others perceived it. I had found my own way to connect with people on a more personal level and make a positive impact. That was what (5) _________ (count). Pat Flynn, founder of Smart Passive Income, has no issue with (6)_________ (call) an influencer. He feels, (7)_________ people are watching, it’s important to set a good example in your behavior. He adds that he doesn’t take that responsibility lightly because he is able to help people (8)_________ the things he does in the example. (9)_________ (break) free from this prejudice, remember why you are on social media. It is not called private media. Never (10)_________ (keep) yourselves blocked by a label. Showing up on camera can be the most efficient and effective way to build credibility and leads online.

命题人：宋春海2013.10.19本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。

共120分，考试时间120分钟。

2019-2020年高三上学期周考英语试题含答案第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15 小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、Ｃ、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

21. The company was badly in _______ need of a manager with ______ better command ofEnglish.A. a; /B. /; aC. the; aD. /; the22. For quite ______ students, their teacher’s advice is more important than _____ of theirparents’.A. few; oneB. a few; thatC. a little; someD. a lot; many23 ______ students are required to take part in the boat race.A. Ten strong young ChineseB. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strongD. Young strong ten Chinese24. --- Must I turn off the gas after cooking?--- Of course. You can never be _____ careful with that.A. ratherB. tooC. soD. very25. The number of the students in Senior 3 ______ the sport activities _______.A. who take part in; is decreasingB. who takes part in; are decreasingC. that takes part in; is decreasedD. that take part in; are decreased26.--- Where did you meet the famous novelist?--- It was on the square ______ I made a visit the other day.A. whichB. thatC. to whichD. to where27.______ wants to separate Tibet from our motherland should be _______.A. Anyone; blamedB. whoever; condemnedC. Who; accusedD. No matter who; charged28. Only by _____ your attention _____ what you are learning _____learn it well.A. focus; on; can youB. paying; to; you canC. focusing; on; can youD. pay; on; can you29. We ______ wait for a bus to get to the station since we are not in a hurry.A. might wellB. might as wellC. could wellD. should as well30. ---Jack, would you please offer me some advice on whether or not I should do yoga to loseweight?--- _____ Yoga is good if you really want to keep it.A. Why not?B. What for?C. You’re joking.D. It just depends.31. The happiest people don’t have the best of everything. They just ______ everything.A. get away fromB. make the best ofC. concentrate onD. catch up with32. ---They used to be good friends but now they are like strangers.--- How ______ this ______?A. was; come aboutB. was; taken placeC. did; come aboutD. was happened33. It is the modern city set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago ______ attracts a lot ofexcellent people throughout China.A. what; whichB. what; thatC. which; thatD. where; that34. They broke up ten years ago. It was 2 years _____ they met again.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. that35. _____ of danger in the street at night, she had to go home with a friend ______ her.A. Warned; followedB. Having been warned; followingC. Warning; followedD. Having warned; following第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2022-2023学年上海市复旦附中高三上学期10月阶段评估英语试卷I. Listening comprehension略II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Venice—The Risk of the Disappearance of an Entire City Venice is a stunning oddity. It is a city built atop around 120 islands, crisscrossed by 177 canals, and is best explored via the use of its 391 bridges. But the city is not well recently. Indeed, (21) _________ drastic measures are taken, the city's days could be numbered.This is far from hyperbole（夸张）: Venice is at very real risk of (22) _________ (consume) by the sea. In worst-case scenario, the city could disappear beneath the waves by 2100. Meanwhile, many of its building are sinking (23) _________ being damaged by the wakes of boats. It is also routinely overwhelmed by tourists, while its local population is in continual decline.Globally, a lot of cities (24) _________ (hit) by similar problems of sinking land and rising sea levels in Venice. Low-lying Jakarta（雅加达）, for example, is in such a terrible situation that it is being replaced (25) _________ the capital city of Indonesia by Nusantara, a city not yet even built.In November 2019, Venice suffered its second-worst flooding. It created headlines around the world, with onlookers (26) _________ (astonish) by the incredible images of Saint Mark's Square, one of the city's lowest lying areas, covered in feet of water.The tide reached a peak height of 187cm above sea level, (27) _________ (result) in more than 80% of the city being under water. A state of emergency was declared, and there was an estimated €1bn euros worth of damage.The worst ever flooding event, which happened in 1966, (28) _________ (see) water levels rise to 194cm above sea level, and is thought (29) _________ (damage)at least three quarters of the city's shops, businesses and studios.(30) _________ a gap of over 50 years separated these events, recent trends suggest that we won't have to wait half a century to see another disastrous flood. Since water levels started being officially recorded in 1923, they have reached 150cm or more on only 10 occasions, but five of those have been in the last three years.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.People tend to associate intelligence with brain size. As a general __31__, this makes sense: the more brain cells, the more mental capabilities. Humans, and many of the other animals we have come to think of as intelligent, such as chimpanzees and dolphins, all have large brains. And it's long been assumed that the smallest brains simply don't have the capacity to support complex mental processes. But what if we are wrong and they actually do?Spiders are one case where this general idea is __32__, said Dimitar Dimitrove of the University Museum of Bergen in Norway. "Behaviors that can be described as 'cognitive', as opposed to __33__ responses, are fairly common among spiders." Jumping spiders are the undisputed champions of cognition among spiders. The jumping spiders shown to have the most impressive __34__ belong to the genus（属）Portia, found in Africa, Asia and Australia. These spiders prefer to hunt other spiders and have __35__ tailored to each species they prey on.When hunting another group of jumping spiders called Euryattus, Portia employs a clever trick. Euryattus females build nests in curled-up dead leaves __36__ in air by silk attached to rocks or vegetation. Courting males crawl down the silk ropes, stand on top of the nest, and shake it in a specific way. The __37__ draws the female out of the nest.To pursue a spider that also cats Jumping spiders, Portia __38__ it into moving closer by plucking（拔）some of the silk strands of its web. If the __39__ spider is relatively small, Portia plucks the web to imitate a trapped insect, prompting thespider to rush over, thinking it is about to have a meal -- only to become one itself. But if the spider is bigger and potentially more dangerous, Portia may copy a gentle __40__ similar to a fruit fly contacting a single strand at the edge of the web that the spider will slowly wander over to inspect. As soon as the target is close enough, Portia pounces and strikes with its poisonous long sharp teeth.III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.One of the supposed benefits of being in a long-term relationship is the guarantee that those involved will not be forced to spend time alone.Advocates of marriage argue that living as a couple or as a family helps to prevent situations of loneliness and isolation, which can __41__ lead to anxiety, depression, and other health problems, especially in old age.This psychological course, however, is in __42__ with many spiritual leaders, philosophers, and artists who praise the advantages of spending time alone. __43__, some of the most celebrated thinkers and creators --from Wordsworth (1770-1850, English poet) to Einstein and others - praised the value of spending time away from others.What if, instead of focusing on the disadvantages of being lonely and by oneself, the focus was __44__ the benefits of solitude?Solitude, like loneliness, implies spending time alone. Yet, in direct contrast to loneliness, solitude can often be a positive state of being that should be __45__ rather than avoided.Instead of focusing on the negative experiences of being alone, the study of solitude as a __46__ reveals that a different approach to this reality can promote freedom, creativity, intimacy, spirituality, and therefore happiness.__47__, solitude brings rewards to those who value it. Singles, then, particularly singles who appreciate the value of spending time alone, can benefit greatly from the relationship circumstances that facilitate solitude that would be more elusive（不常见的）for individuals living with their partners.In fact, boosting the happiness that singles can gain from solitude is the idea that those who are single, or plainly single at heart, are more likely to enjoy and benefit from solitude. Single at heart __48__ a type of individual whose personality and nature mean that they live the happiest, fullest, and most authentic lives when they are not in relationships. People who are single at heart thrive the most from solitude and self-sufficiency and are also more likely to reap __49__ rewards from spending time by themselves.Some studies even point out how being single and __50__ can be beneficial. For example, in __51__ psychological resources available to married and never-married adults, an analysis indicates no significant differences in mental health between the study groups.__52__, the study suggests that never-married individuals achieve a higher level of personal mastery than their married counterparts, particularly those above the age of forty. __53__, those who had never married had clearer personal visions and goals, exhibited higher levels of patience, and were more prepared to view reality __54__.There is even evidence to suggest that singles, who are more accustomed to benefiting from time spent alone, are capable of being their own sources of comfort and security, though further research is required in order to establish the __55__ behind this phenomenon.41. A. in turn B. for sure C. at least D. by accident42. A. agreement B. conflict C. contact D. negotiation43. A. Hopefully B. Roughly C. Historically D. Spiritually44. A. committed to B. attributed to C. attached to D. shifted to45. A. tackled B. sought C. assumed D. deposited46. A. subject B. discipline C. practice D. concept47. A. Anyway B. Likewise C. Yet D. Indeed48. A. refers to B. approves of C. accounts for D. figures out49. A. physiological B. emotional C. economic D. physical50. A. self-defensive B. self-aware C. self-evident D. self-sufficient51. A. comparing B. exploiting C. distributing D. conserving52. A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. Thus D. Otherwise53. A. Above all B. Better still C. In other words D. On the other hand54. A. sensitively B. keenly C. deliberately D. objectively55. A. remedies B. mechanisms C. relations D. secretsSection BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)My friend was heartbroken. Her 8-year-old son had come home from school reporting that they were weighed in gym class, and that it had led to a discussion among the boys about their weights. It was the first time her son had realized that he was significantly heavier than most of his friends, and he came home that day with a brand-new message in his head: Being heavier wasn't a good thing.Her story gave me flashbacks to my own gym class weigh-ins. I remember being called up one by one, how the scale was connected to a large digital readout big enough for everyone to see - and how, sadly, it felt like a competition among the girls to be the lightest.Though it varies from state to state, many schools have a program in place to measure health and fitness in gym class. The assessment usually includes things like push-ups, flexibility tests, and a scale. Weight is then used with the child's height to calculate their body mass index (BMI). But is BMI a valid and important market of health or a harmful practice that should be retired?"BMI measurement in school can provide some benefits, provided the measurements are done privately and sensitively, free of judgement," says Dr. Muth. "When it's not done with the utmost care, the downside outweighs any upside and it's potentially harmful and stigmatizing." Weighing students should not be done within sight or hearing distance of other students.Still, it's inevitable that some kids will compare numbers, and that can be potentially harmful. According to the National Eating Disorders Association, up to 60 percent of elementary school girls are worried about being too heavy. On the flip side, boys may feel shame if they're seen as too small or scrawny. That's why it's important to avoid any stigmatizing language."We shouldn't assume that higher weight kids are less healthy. That's weight stigma, which can increase the risk for eating disorders," says Rebecca Scritch-field, R. D., author of Body Kindness. Besides, she adds, some kids naturally tend higher onthe growth curve, and that's normal for them.Weighing students in school can be beneficial to help kids get on a healthier path, but it must be done properly. That means away from other students and without any weight stigma attached. Parents should also communicate with schools to know when and how weigh-ins are being done in order to decide whether or not their kid should participate.56. What annoyed the author's friend was that _________.A. She has gained much weight after a gym class.B. Her son has gained much weight though with exercises.C. Her son refused to attend the gym class because of his weight.D. Her son felt embarrassed when weighed publicly in gym class.57. According to the passage, what can we know about BMI?A. BMI is employed to measure children's health, which are used in all schools.B. In order to calculate BMI, a child's weight and height are needed.C. BMI is such an important factor that it should be made public among kids.D. The disadvantages of BMI measurement in school outweighs any advantages.58. What does "scrawny" (paragraph 5) mean?A. tallB. depressedC. energeticD. skinny59. What is the author's attitude towards weighing students in school?A. It should be totally banned.B. Parents should protest against it.C. It should be held cautiously.D. It should be posted in public.(B)Eight Days in JapanLast reply was 5 days ago 99 MaartenM (8 days ago): I appreciate my stay of eight days or so is not enough but that's all I've got, so I have penciled in an itinerary（旅行路线）after arrival in Tokyo.I think it's worth staying on the main island and heading out to Hiroshima/Miyajima for starters and then picking my way back by rail. Himeji for a day, same for Osaka (some peers think it's missable?), Kyoto and Nara and maybe Hakone.I have a rail pass and was wondering if that itinerary is sufficient so as to give mea taste of the country, and if I am wasting my time on Osaka. I know I will be cutting myself short in Tokyo but I am easy about that as I live in a city and prefer to go to places with a slower pace.Thanks for the help!jon___ b (5 days ago): Given the length of your stay I'd say skipping Osaka is a good call. I would even say spending another day in Tokyo would be more interesting, as Osaka is a city in ways similar to it, but also has fewer sights to see. When I was there, I didn't like it all that much but my friend found it (and the food) more to his liking than Tokyo.nathalie2( 8 days ago): Skip Osaka, particularly if what you want is a "slower pace". Also, Himeji has just one big sight to see -- the White Swan castle, and that can easily be done as a daytime stopover without staying a night, giving you one more night somewhere else.soniaberode (8 days ago): Sorry, I don't want to sound mean, but in my opinion, you have done everything wrong. You certainly don't need a JR Pass for the itinerary you are looking at. You are not including any place (with the exception of Miyajima) which has anything that even comes close to have a "slower pace". And you are including way too much into your 8 days in Japan. If you keep that kind of itinerary, you will be spending a lot of time travelling from one place to the other, instead of being able to enjoy your short time in Japan.Get real, do some research, and choose 2-3 destinations max. For me Osaka, Hakone and Himeji are definitely not part of those 2-3 destinations.60. For this eight-day trip, it is suggested to give up Osaka because _________.A. the food there is not so delicious.B. it is not a typical slow-paced city.C. it is different from such cites as Tokyo.D. it has just one must-see sight.61. According to the passage, it can be implied that _________A. given the length of the travel, the poster can complete his itinerary as plannedB. Himeji is so big that it is definitely worth a one-day-long visitC. it would be impossible to enjoy a "slow pace" travel with the man's original planD. a JR pass is a must if you want to travel though Japan62. You are most likely to read this article in _________.A. an online travel forumB. a travel magazineC. a tourist handbookD. a Japan travel log(C)Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this "clawback" rule is to hold bankers responsible for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making not only by banks but also by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations."Short-termism" or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England's top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like "Children who pick the strawberries out of their pudding to eat them at once" rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient（短期的）investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hold back a firm's efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been called "quarterly capitalism".In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities （股票）, quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markets. "There seems to be an advantage of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing," said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to delay performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce "short-termism." In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that "a substantial part" of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage "long-termism," such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure（披露）of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right compensation design can provide motivation for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all shareholders. Britain's new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.63. One reason for imposing the new rule is the regulations _________.A. enhance banker's sense of responsibilityB. help corporations achieve larger profitsC. build a new system of financial regulationD. guarantee the bonuses of top executives64. What can be learned about "Short-termism" from the passage?A. Children always pursue short-term profits by eating strawberries first.B. The influence of it on the companies can be negative in the long run.C. It will bring high profits for the company, thus keeping its customers.D. Digital technology acts as a dominant contributor to its worsening.65. The US and France examples in paragraph 5 and 6 are used to illustrate ________.A. the obstacles to preventing "short-termism"B. the significance of long-term thinkingC. the approaches to promoting "long-termism"D. the popularity of short-term thinking66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Failure of Quarterly CapitalismB. Patience as a Corporate VirtueC. Decisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesD. Frustration of Risk-taking BankersSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Here's the last New Year's health resolution you might ever need: resolve to stop eating added sugar._________67_________ Added sugar is hidden in nearly 70 percent of packaged foods and is found in breads, health foods, snacks, yogurts, most breakfast foods and sauces. The average American eats about 17 teaspoons of added sugar a day (not counting the sugars that occur naturally in foods like fruit or dairy products). That's about double the recommended limit for men and triple the limit for women. For children, the limit should be about three teaspoons of added sugar and no more than six, depending on age and caloric needs.Cutting added sugar isn't about dieting and deprivation, and you don't have to count calories or cut fat. _________68_________ And yes, you can still have dessert."It's not about being obese, it has to do with metabolic health," says Dr. Robert Lustig, professor of pediatric endocrinology at the University of California, San Francisco, and one of the first to raise the alarm about the health risks of added sugar. "Sugar turns on the aging programs in your body," Dr. Lustig says. "_________69_________"A number of health authorities, ranging from the World Health Organization to the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, which issues national dietary guidelines for Americans, agree that cutting back on added sugars is a good idea. _________70_________ Yet many of us who wouldn't dream of smoking or getting drunk on a daily basis might be unknowingly undermining our health by eating too much sugar.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Would a person born blind, who has learned to distinguish objects by touch, be able to recognize them purely by sight if he regained the ability to see? The question, known as Molyneux's problem, is about whether the human mind has a built-in concept of shapes that is so innate（天生的）that such a blind person could immediately recognize an object with restored vision. The alternative is that the concepts of shapes are not innate but have to be learned by exploring an object through sight, touch and other senses.After their attempt to test it in blind children failed, Lars Chittka of Queen Mary University of London and his colleagues have taken another attempt at finding an answer, this time using another species. To test whether bumblebees（大黄蜂）can form an internal representation of objects, they first trained the insects to distinguish globes from cubes using a sugar reward. The bees were trained in the light, where they could see but not touch the objects. Then they were tested in the dark, where they could touch but not see the globes or cubes. The researchers found that the bumblebees spent more time in contact with the shape they had been trained to associate with the sugar reward, even though they had to rely on touch rather than sight to distinguish the objects.The researchers also did the reverse test with untrained bumblebees, first teaching them with rewards in the dark and then testing them in the light. Again, the bees were able to recognize the shape associated with the sugar reward, though they had to rely on sight rather than touch in the test. In short, bees have solved Molyneux's problem because the fact suggests that they can picture object features and access them through sight or touch.However, some experts express their warnings. Jonathan Birch, a philosopher of science, cautions that the bees may have had prior experience associating visual and tactile（触觉的）information about straight edges and curved surfaces in the context of their nests, so it is not possible to eliminate the possibility that some of the cross-sensory concept is learned rather than innate.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 排队时，务必保持安全距离。

2024届上海市长宁区英语高三上学期一模试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Teacher and student. B. IT engineer and customer. C. Colleagues. D. Husband and wife.2. A. $115. B. $20. C. $95. D. $80.3. A. Continue the STEM class. B. Consult her son’s STEM teacher.C. Take a more useful class.D. Persuade his son to give up the STEM class.4. A. Take the woman to the station. B. Take care of his own things.C. Find out when the next bus leaves.D. Show the woman the way to the station.5. A. He was good at tidying up garages. B. He helped James to build up the garage.C. James felt bad to have helped him with it.D. James helped him with some of the tidying.6. A. He thinks that time is very limited. B. He has difficulty reading so many pages.C. He can’t get access to the assigned book.D. He refuses to read the assigned book.7. A. She had meant to attend the 19th Asian Games.B. She did watch the opening ceremony on TV.C. She regretted missing the opening ceremony.D. She should have asked her classmate to call her earlier.8. A. She is doing research with Professor Adams.B. She is assisting Professor Adams with his teaching.C. She is looking for an assistant for Professor Adams.D. She is going to be Professor Adams’ research assistant.9. A. The working hours make it impossible for her to refuse.B. The job is turning into an excellent opportunity for her.C. She’s looking forward to meeting her new colleagues.D. She refused the position because of the low salary.10. A. They find it hard to collect books for the children.B. They have called all club members to contribute.C. They are satisfied with the result of their work.D. They seem disappointed with what they have done.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Explaining why greyhounds are aggressive. B. Making people know more about greyhounds.C. Telling people to stay away from greyhounds.D. Describing greyhounds of different colors.12. A. They are so big in size. B. They can live a very long life.C. They can run races at any time.D. They are quiet and easy to look after.13. A. To visit vets regularly. B. To keep it warm.C. To take care of its legs.D. To keep it slim.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The ever-rising childcare prices. B. The balance between work and family.C. The budget of family expenses.D. The selection of a good daycare center.15. A. The prices of childcare vary greatly from state to state.B. Increased childcare prices have not led to better service.C. Childcare workers’ pay has not increased with the rising childcare costs.D. There is a severe shortage of childcare professionals in a number of states.16. A. Caregivers should receive regular professional training.B. Less strict rules about childcare might lower the costs.C. It is crucial to strike a balance between quality and costs.D. It is better for different states to learn from each other.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. To get a driver’s license. B. To refresh his driving skills.C. To review his driving knowledge.D. To test his driving skills.18. A. In an open parking lot. B. In the neighborhood.C. In the car for a driving test.D. In an examination room.19. A. He almost hit a pedestrian. B. He didn’t signal his turn.C. He drove faster than he was allowed.D. All of the above mistakes.20. A. Come on Friday or Monday next time. B. Have more practice.C. Take the test with another officer.D. Get his car checked.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Even Very Young Children Can Be Depressed If you doubted it, I would introduce you to Susan, who came to my office and talked constantly about her “bad feeling.” Susan 21 (lose) interest in her favorite activities, stopped playing with her friends, and told her parents that she wanted to be dead. She’d spent more time in the school nurse’s office than in her classroom.Susan was six years old and 22 (suffer) from depression. Proper treatment helped Susan recover. Without it, she might still be an unhappy child, alone and in pain.The risk for depression does tend to increase as we grow older. Depression in young children is rare but real. Rene Spitz, a 23 (note) psychological researcher, found that infants who were in an institutional orphanage after World War II refused to eat and eventually died 24 they weren’t held by their caretakers. Children have an innate need 25 (hold) and comforted. If those needs aren’t met, then even very young children can fail to thrive and may become sick and die.Approximately 1% of preschoolers experience depression; they often have great difficulty expressing their feelings, because not all of their language skills 26 (develop) sufficiently. Instead of expressing their feelings in language, the depressed preschool children are likely to show emotions by exhibiting significantly aggressive, fearful, or crying behavior. 27 most preschool children may get angry if they’re hungry, sleepy, afraid 28 their parents go away, or fail to get Daddy to buy them the latest toys, these behaviors are often carried to extremes of intensity and frequency in depressed children.Although a diagnosis of clinical depression is rare in preschool children, there are times when it is appropriate. In most cases, the child who 29 (experience) significant frustrations resulting from the death or absence of a parent, has witnessed or been victims of violence, or has had a significant health problem 30 has interrupted normal emotional or physical development. I find preschool children to be more resilient (适应力强的) than older children in dealing with these events, as long as they have a supportive parent and receive timely treatment.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. objectedB. choicesC. inequalityD.E. paidF. respondcombinationG. personality H. fade I. reduce J. inherited K.environmentalWhat makes us happy?You probably know the type of personality in some people: they seem to be hopeful in almost everything. Are they simply born happy? Is it the product of their environment? Or does it come from their life decisions?If you are familiar with genetics research, you will have guessed that it is a 31 of all three. A 2018 study of 1516 Norwegian twins suggests that around 30% of the differences in people’s life satisfaction is 32 . Much of this seems to be related to personality traits.To put this in context, the heritability of IQ is thought to be around 80%, so 33 factors clearly play a role in our happiness. These include our physical health, the size and strength of our social network, job opportunities and income. It seems that the absolute value of our salary matters less than whether we feel richer than those around us, which may explain why the level of 34 predicts happiness better than GDP.Interestingly, many important life 35 have only a little influence on our happiness. Consider marriage. A 2019 study found that, on average, life satisfaction does rise after the wedding, but the feeling of happiness tends to 36 over middle age.Parenthood is even more complex. For decades, social scientists have found that people with children at home are significantly less happy than those without. More recent research, however, suggests that there are important regional differences.Analyses show that these differences can be almost completely explained by variations in 37 parentalleave, flexible working hours, affordable childcare and holiday leave, which together 38 the potential for work-family conflict. The effects of these policies may play out across generations. In addition to the legacy of their genes, parents’ own emotional well-being will influence the family vigour, which will, in turn, shape the39 of their children.Our life satisfaction, then, is shaped by our genes, health, economic prospects, relationships and the culture around us. While many of these things may be beyond your control, there is now good evidence that certain psychological strategies will help you to 40 to your circumstances in the happiest way possible.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Amazon is warming three times faster than the global average It is perhaps the most ironic symbol of the life on our planet. The Amazon is the world’s largest and most bio-diverse tropical rainforest and a huge trap for carbon dioxide. The harms of 41 in this vital resource are old news. But now, the time on the clock is running out. It seems that the world’s biggest rainforest is about to turn into the world’s biggest environmental 42 . “We are about to collapse,” says Luciana Gati at Brazil’s National Institute for ce Research. “We are in a(n) 43 , we need action now.”Gati has spent years 44 the Amazon from the air. She believes we are as little as five years from a point of no return, where rainforest begins to turn into dry land. It is also the point at which billions of tons of carbon would be 45 into the atmosphere. “It’s a nightmare,” she says.That nightmare situation is the well-known Amazon 46 point, where the ecosystem can no longer cope with the damage of the forest cutting. Like a domino game, one brick falling will 47 the whole tower to collapse in a heap.Warnings that this is approaching have now taken on extreme urgency. The rate of deforestation has increased sharply and is fast approaching the theoretical 48 . In September, a group of more than 200 experts, including Gatti, released an assessment of the situation. The conclusion: we are on the 49 of disaster.Scientists first began to seriously worry about a potential Amazon tipping point in about 2000, when some studies warned that a combination of climate change and deforestation could cause the rainforest to 50 .A few years later, a team of Brazilian scientists put numbers on it. They 51 that in central, southern and eastern parts of the Amazon, a loss of 40% of the forest cover from pre-industrial levels, or30C warming would reduce rainfall so much that the rest of the forest would die of 52 and turn intoa dry land in less than a decade.The scientists have since 53 that prediction, partly due to the global warming that has happened since 2000. The Amazon is already 1.20C warmer than it was in pre-industrial times and is warming three times faster than the global 54 . At that rate of warming, between 20 and 25% deforestation would be enough to dry up the land and destroy the Amazon completely.“Either way, we would be wise not to exceed 20 %, says a scientist, “for the commonsense reason that there is no point in 55 the precise point of limit by tipping it.”41. A. fertilization B. elimination C. deforestation D. frustration42. A. program B. disaster C. protection D. regulation43. A. evolution B. spotlight C. condition D. emergency44. A. measuring B. observing C. protecting D. criticizing45. A. released B. melted C. turned D. supplied46. A. tipping B. disappointing C. awarding D. tapping47. A. build B. turn C. cause D. make48. A. problem B. prediction C. aspect D. limit49. A. base B. edge C. surface D. track50. A. dry out B. run down C. pay off D. rise up51. A. boasted B. insisted C. estimated D. instructed52. A. thirst B. starvation C. cold D. disease53. A. digested B. revised C. encouraged D. previewed54. A. strategy B. climate C. average D. system55. A. diagnosing B. instructing C. inquiring D. discovering Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)As Dr. Pedro Jose grows older, he keeps setting his goals higher. He believes people in every walk of life need to constantly stretch for new challenges. His daily juggling act is extremely demanding. He’s a doctor, professor, and volunteer medical director of Saint John Clinic for undocumented immigrants. He still pushes on continuing to publicize his agenda in the media and serving on numerous boards and foundations.In 2002, Jose was named chairman of the board of the Hinic Heritage Awards Foundation. The awards recognize Hinics who make important contributions to life in America.Jose believes the stories of Hinic accomplishments can inspire all Americans. He adds, most important, the scholarships are offered by the foundation. Only two-thirds of Hinics graduate from high school. To help others, you must be able to help yourself, and that begins with education.Jose has received no shortage of honors of his own, including the prestigious MacArthur Fellowship and the Presidential Service Award. In 1994, Time magazine named him one of the nation’s 50 top leaders under the age of 40. And Hinic magazine named him Hinic of the Year in 2002. Jose’s autobiography, Waking Up in America, is now being made into a TV movie, starring Andy Garcia.Jose’s fervent hope is that the movie will help change people’s attitudes about the homeless. He hopes it will show that beyond the hard label are human beings---people who did not choose to be poor. Homeless people have needs and feelings that are no different from anyone else’s. They need help, not judgment.Most of all, though, Jose hopes that people will begin to realize the power they have to change things. There should never be another man in Bed 9, who died without anyone even knowing his name. There should never be another Giles Woodson, the man who was burned to death on the streets of Miami.“As a nation, what makes us great is our individuality. But what makes us truly powerful is when we work together,” says Jose. “If people put their minds to it, this kind of suffering can be solved.”56. How did Jose help the homeless?A. Volunteered to provide medical service for them.B. Provided good education for them.C. Set higher goals to face the coming challenges.D. Conducted medical research on them.57. Why was Jose named the head of the Hinic Heritage Awards Foundation?A. His success in the medical field inspired Americans.B. He contributed a lot to helping people in need.C. He developed good relationships with Hinics.D. He found few Hinics graduated from high school.58. Why was his autobiography made into a TV movie?A. His foundation provided scholarships for Hinics.B. He changed his attitude towards the homeless.C. He was a role model for Hinics and other Americans.D. He had a significant influence on the homeless.59. What do Jose’s words in the last paragraph imply?A. Be united and we will make the world a better place to live.B. Governments are responsible for the problem of the homeless.C. Do bear in mind that the homeless have suffered quite a lot.D. With rights and power, the homeless can solve their problems.(B)Take Off with Historic Hiring GrowthA message from Kate GeboWelcome aboard!We are so happy to have you fly with us. I’m sure you’ve thought about United as a way to travel, and with over 95,000 employees and growing, our company is also the center for rewarding careers.I could not be prouder to lead Human Resources at United during this exciting time for our company, while we’re building the biggest and best airline in the history of aviation. Earlier this year, we announced that we are on track to hire at least 15,000 new employees by the end of this year.When people think of career opportunities at United, they often think of being a pilot or flight attendant. In reality, our organization has a wide variety of roles in addition to our fantastic pilots and flight attendants, with jobs and functions to keep our airports running and our planes flying.Whether it’s for operational roles, such as ramp service employees, customer service representatives, and aircraft technicians, or for corporate roles in human resources, digital technology, and social media, we’re hiring across every function of the airline, seeking strong talent that will take us to new heights.A role at United is not just a job; it’s a career. Many of our employees have taken on new roles in different departments throughout their tenure (聘用期), which we support to develop and invest in our workforce. In the past seven years, more than 1,500 frontline employees were promoted to management roles, and 78 % of our senior leaders were promoted internally.Beyond the traditional career paths, we’re proud to create new paths to help our talent pipelines fulfill some of the industry’s most critical job functions. Aviate, our pilot career development program, offers aspiring and established pilots a path to the United flight deck. Calibrate is our full-time, paid apprenticeship program for those wanting to go into aircraft maintenance and other technical operational roles. Our newly launched Innovate program helps provide the skills and experiences needed to succeed in a technology career at United.We’re hiring from coast to coast, at our seven major hubs and across a broad range of positions. If you’re ready to join me and 95,000 of the industry’s best and brightest at United, I encourage you to visit today to see what opportunities await you. Your career is cleared for takeoff.United with you,Kate GeboExecutive Vice President,Human Resources and Labor Relations60. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. Guarantee to provide first-class customer service.B. Promote frontline employees to management roles.C. Introduce jobs available in some departments of United.D. Advertise for United to enroll pilots and flight attendants.61. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Visit , and you can see positions available.B. Employees at United can change their jobs with interest.C. Employees have to keep their positions throughout their tenure.D. The United is making efforts to be the biggest and best airline.62. Which is most suitable for those wanting to be technicians?A. The full-time, paid apprenticeship program.B. The traditional United career path.C. The newly launched Innovate program.D. The new paths for talent pipelines.(C)When I volunteered as a social worker at a domestic violence shelter in a developing country, I imagined the position for which my university experience had prepared me. I imagined conducting intake interviews and walking around from organization to organization seeking support that the women would need to rebuild their lives. When I arrived, I felt as if I already had months of experience, experience gained in the hypothetical situations I had invented and subsequently resolved single-handedly. I felt thoroughly prepared to tackle the situation I assumed was waiting for me.I arrived full of zeal. Within moments, my reality made a sharp break from which I had expected. The coordinator explained that the shelter’s need for financial self-sufficiency had become obvious. To address this, the center was planning to open a bakery. I immediately enthused about the project, making many references to the small enterprise case studies I had researched at the university. In response to my impassioned reply, the coordinator declared me in charge of the bakery. At that moment, I was as prepared to bake bread as I was to run for political office. The bigger problem, however, was that I was completely unfamiliar with the for-profit business models necessary to run the bakery. I was out of my depth in a foreign river with only my coordinator’s confidence to keep me afloat.They say that necessity is the mother of invention. I began finding recipes and using the expertise of friends. With their help making bread, printing leaflets and making contacts, the bakery was soon running successfully. After a short time it became a significant source of income for the house.In addition to funds, baking bread provided a natural environment to work with and get to know the women of the shelter. Kneading dough(揉面团) side by side, I shared in the friendly atmosphere of the kitchen, treated to stories about their children and the towns and jobs they had to leave behind to ensure their safety. Baking helped me develop strong relationships with the women and advanced my understanding of their situations. It also improved the women’s self-esteem. Their ability to master a new skill gave them confidence in themselves, and the fact that the bakery contributed to the ueep of the house gave the women a sense of pride and the confidence that they had the capability to support themselves.Baking gave me the opportunity to work in a capacity I had not at all expected, but one that proved very successful. Learning to bake gave me as much newfound self-confidence as it gave the women, andI found that sometimes quality social work can be as simple as kneading dough.63. The primary purpose of the passage is to show how the author ________________.A. was shocked by the realityB. broadened the scope of her workC. developed her abilities to run a for-profit enterpriseD. handled a tough situation in a developing country64. The statement that the author arrived “full of zeal” indicates that she was ____________.A. anxious and insecureB. confident but uninformedC. eager and interestedD. enthusiastic but incompetent65. Why was the author initially enthusiastic about the idea of the bakery?A. She considered it from a theoretical point of view.B. She hoped to get a leadership position in the bakery.C. She wanted to show her baking skills to her new coordinator.D. She believed it is a good way to raise women’s self-esteem.... What did the last sentence (“Learning ... dough”) indicate?A. The author underestimated her abilities to learn new skills.B. The author derived benefit from her work by helping others.C. The author lacked self-confidence as much as the women working with her.D. The author found performing social work surprisingly easy with no education.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. It will not be long before he’s back in prison again.B. We’re all relieved that the criminal is being punished for his misdeeds.C. Community service is likely to turn prisoners into better persons.D. Offenders are tried and sentenced according to the legal system.E. The threat of another spell in jail will stop him from breaking the law again.F. Put the money into supporting deprived areas which are the grounds for crime.Hello, everyone!Are you worried about crime? I am. We read it every day in the newpers. A terrible crime has been committed, and the police have arrested someone. He has appeared in court and claimed his innocencebut has been found guilty of his crime and he has been sentenced to ten years in prison. 67 Innocent citizens like you and me can sleep more safely at night.But what happens next? We all hope the prisoner will benefit from society’s retribution. A spell (一阵子) in prison will reform him and make him a better person. We all hope he’ll reform and become likeus. We all hope that when he is eventually released, he will be a good character. 68 But, let’s face it. The reality is usually very different. The prisoner may be released on parole (假释)before the end of his sentence. He will try to re-enter society. But then he often becomes a victim himself, unable to find work and is rejected by society. 69 .So what can we do to make sure the offender doesn’t commit another crime? Of course, there are alternatives to prison, such as community service or he can pay a large fine. Alternatively, we could establish a more severe system of punishment.The answer is far simpler. We need to be tough not on the criminal, but on the cause of the crime.We should spend less of the taxpayer’s money in funding the judges and all the other people who are working for the legal system. 70 We in the ConLab Party believe that everybodyneeds a good chance in life, and this is a good step forward.Vote for us now!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. The problem of robocalls has become so bad that we refuse to pick up calls from numbers we don’t know. Nearly half of the calls we receive are scams(欺诈). We’ve realized the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.That’s because there are many powerful voice manipulation(处理) technologies to be available. A company showed a new voice technology able to produce a convincing human–sounding voice able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data disclosure of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to cheat the targeted people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you with a voice sounding exactly like your bank teller’s, misleading you to “confirm” your address and card number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like WeChat and Alipay, which can be tied to your identity.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 边喝咖啡边欣赏上海夜景多惬意呀！（How）73. 这个案例太复杂，一时半会解释不清楚。

2019-2020学年高三上英语期中模拟试卷含答案本卷共两大题，满分为100分，考试时间90分钟第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What’s the weather like now?A. Warm and dry.B. Cool and dry.C. Cool and wet.2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In a flower shop.B. In a garden.C. In the woman’s house.3. What are the speakers going to do?A. See someone off at the airport.B. Wait to get off the plane.C. Meet someone at the airport.4. What is said about David?A. He has gone on a business trip.B. He has survived the air crash.C. He is working in Paris now.5. What does the man think causes the traffic jam?A. Too many trucks.B. Too many cars.C. Too many people.第二节(共15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分22.5 分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。