2018英语专四听力对话常考题型

2018年6月四级听力
2018年6月四级听力部分共有四篇文章，分别是长对话、短对话、听力填空和听写。

以下是这四篇文章的内容：
长对话：
这篇长对话是关于选课的讨论。

对话中介绍了三门科目，分别是经济学、历史学和艺术学。

对话指出，经济学这门课程对于学习商业和金融非常重要，可以帮助学生了解市场和经济。

历史学则重在培养学生的分析和研究能力，帮助他们了解过去的文化和事件。

艺术学课程着重培养学生的创造力和审美能力，通过学习不同的艺术形式可以丰富生活。

对话中还提到，学生可以根据自己的兴趣和职业规划来选择课程。

短对话：
这篇短对话是关于健身的讨论。

对话中提到了健身的好处，如增强体力、提高健康水平和提升心情。

对话中的人表示要加入健身房，以便有更多的机会锻炼身体。

另一个人也表示赞同这个想法，并提到了在健身房里可以结交新朋友的好处。

听力填空：
这篇听力填空是关于环保的讨论。

讨论的主题是降低电力消耗，减少对环境的负面影响。

在对话中，提到了减少用电时间、选择节能家电、调整室温等具体的措施。

对话还强调了每个人的责任感，并呼吁大家共同努力保护环境。

听写：
这篇听写是一篇介绍音乐的短文。

短文中提到音乐的益处，如放松心情、增强创造力和改善学习效果。

短文还指出，音乐可以帮助人们减轻压力，提升幸福感。

短文最后强调了音乐的多样性，并鼓励人们多尝试不同类型的音乐来获得不同的感受。

QUESTION BOOKLET试卷用后随即销毁。

禁止保存、第一版或复印。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2018)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN PART I DICTATION[10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. Duringthe first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during thistime you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION[20 MIN] SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, youmay look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You mayuse the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Many foreign languages are spoken in Britain.B.Everyone in Britain can speak a foreign language.C.The British are unable to speak a foreign language.D.The British can survive on their mother tongue.2. A. Chinese.B.Polish.C.Punjabi.D.Urdu.3. A. To help improve international trade.B.To allow a speaker to hold a simple talk.C.To improve the education system.D.To encourage learning another language.4. A. It gives you self-satisfaction.B.It makes you more confident.C.It gives you an advantage.D.It makes you work hard.5. A. Workmates.B.Schoolmates.C.Teacher and student.D.Brother and sister.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A dangerous event.B.An unreasonable fear.C. A small probability.D. A risk-assessing ability.7. A. One in one million.B.One in four million.C.One in fourteen million.D.One in forty million.8. A. Future events.B.Catastrophic events.C.Small-scale disasters.D.Smoking hazards.9. A. Traveling by air.B.Riding a bicycle.C.Catching bird flu.D.Smoking cigarettes.10. A. They get pleasure from risks.B.They can control potential risks.C.They can assess danger from risks.D.They have strong needs for risks.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE[10 MIN]There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo ______ ancient Egypt ’s first attempt to build a smooth-sidedpyramid.A.has been believed to have beenB.was believed to beC.is believed to have beenD.is believed to be12.U.S. News ______ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource forstudents looking to apply to a university campus.A.maintainsB.is maintainingC.maintainedD.has been maintaining13.He was lured into a crime he would not ______ have committed.A.actuallyB.accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14.She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of ______mountains behind the apple orchard.A.blue hazy VirginiaB.hazy blue VirginiaC.Virginia hazy blueD.Virginia blue hazy15.I long to alleviate ______, but I cannot.A.the evilB.evilC.evilsD.an evil16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming______.A.warB.are warC.of warD.are of war17. At ______, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material isaltered when exposed to light.A.its most basicB.its basicC.the most basicD.the basic18.She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from thedeed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn ”is used ______.A.to express an intended purposeB.to indicate a high degree of possibilityC.to reveal an undesirable consequenceD.to dramatize a stated fact19.Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A.I wonder what ’s behind this change of plan.B.Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I ’m getting terribly behind.D.I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20.My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proudof what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses ______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21.When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ______,their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A.justiceB.testimonyC.trial22.______, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been stronglycriticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD.Debatably23.Prices have recently risen in order to ______ the increased cost of raw materials.A.cutB.buoyC.offerD.offset24.The celebrity says in court papers she “has no ______ of giving any authorization to anyoneto proceed with a divorce. ”A.recommendationB.recordingC.recollectionD.recognition25.What actually ______ a good angle — or a good selfie overall — is rooted in what weconsidered beautiful.A.consistsB.constitutesposesD.constructs26.The school is going the ______ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanksto its unique development program.A.finalB.furtherC.supplementaryD.extra27. The teachers’union ______ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing“deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedst March the ______ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwaterarchaeological team.A.debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.She’s worn his designs on ______ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A.countlessB.countableC.numericalD.numeral30. A leading ______ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwidereported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoingB.oceanicC.marineD.maritimePART IV CLOZE[10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyC. coupleD. goesE. indebtednessF. kindG. mannerH. mercifullyI. oneJ. obeyK. renowned L. subscribe M. unknown N. virtue O. widespreadA few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards toa sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing –holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had nevermet nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the ______ (31) professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they ______ (32) sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the most powerful of weapons of influence around us –the rule of reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in______ (33), what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her ______ (34) in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we should remember his birthdaywith a gift of our own; if a ______ (35) invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them toone of ours. By ______ (36) of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obliged to the future repaymentof favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for ______ (37) to company the receiptof such things that a term like “much obliged ”has become a synonym for “thank you, ”not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule of reciprocation and the sense of obligation that ______ (38) with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so ______ (39) that after intensive study, sociologists can report that there is no human society that does not ______ (40) to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSION[35 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies which were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churched, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis wason the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all American values. By “freedom,”Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2)There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe that they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3)A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has an equal chance to enter a chance and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developedin the US.(4)There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as a race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does no compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5)A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty ”where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches ”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6)Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most(7)These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41.Para. 4 seems to suggest that _______.A.Americans are born with a sense of competitionB.the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC.successful competition is essential in American societypetition results in equality of opportunities42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?parison.B.Cause and effect.C.Definition.D.Process analysis.PASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and–perhaps most importantly–peace.(2) Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system for recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and awards ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is, an annual opportunity for big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, apparently for thesame thing.(4) But it ’s not only films–now there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV and Q awards for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with “The Da Vinci Code ”for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for a British contemporary artist –each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, put animals in glass cases or –this year –build a garden shed.(5)Awards don ’tonly exist for the arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange –sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don ’tmake a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’tshort of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own awards ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high schoolor got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “Innovation in English(7)Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8)It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win “patronage”from rich people–a king or a lord would give the artist or scientist money to havethem paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. Scientific research is now eitherfunded by the government or by private companies.(9)Perhaps awards ceremonies are just the most recent face of this process.(10)However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells slots more records.(11)Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits–but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12)On the surface, it seems to be a “win-win ”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question –how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43.What is the author ’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globesand Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)?A.Amused.B.Appreciative.C.Sarcastic.D.Serious.44.According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A.They would enjoy a much larger readership.B.They would turn to popular novel writing.C.They would continue non-fiction writing.D.They would try controversial forms of art.45.Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held of all sorts of reasons.46.According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and thoseat present lies in _______.A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status47.It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards _______.A.promote market rather than achievementsB.do good to both market and popularityC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1)Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was suffering from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2)It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentence. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard ’s name leading the list of “killed. ”He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3)She wept at once, in her sister ’s arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4)There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5)She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which some one was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.(6)There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that hadmet and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.(7)She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8)She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed out there on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9)There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10)Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will –as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11)When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: “free, free, free! ”The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12)She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her(13)There would be no one to live for during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14)And yet she had loved him –sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free! ”she kept whispering.(16)Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploringfor admission. “Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door –you will make yourself ill. Whatare you doing, Louise? For heaven ’s sake open the door.”(17) “Go away. I am not making myself ill. ”No; she was drinking in a very elixir （长命百岁药） of life through that open window.(18)Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister’s waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20)Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his bag and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine’s piercing cry; at Richards ’quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21)But Richards was too late.(22)When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease –of the joy that kills.48.How did Mrs Mallard get the news of her husband ’s death?A.Her husband’s friend told her.B.She had read it from the paper.C.Her sister Josephine told her.D.Her doctor broke the news to her.49.When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she _______.A.sat in an armchair all the timeB.sat with her back facing the windowC.sat and then walked around for a whileD.sat in a chair and cried all the time50.How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A.She hated her husband.B.She was indifferent now.C.She found it hard to describe.D.She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51.Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?PASSAGE TWO52.What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” accordingto Para. 2?53.What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard ’s mood when she was left alone in the room?55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease –of joy that kills. What do youthink is the real cause of her death?PART VI WRITING[45 MIN]Read carefully the following report, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:summarize the main message of the report, and thencomment on the two points made by Stephen Corry, Survival ’s Director.You can support yourself with information from the report.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.Report exposed the dark side of conservationA report launched by Survival International–the global movement for tribal peoples’rights –reveals how conservation has led to the eviction of millions of tribal people from“protected areas,”since “protected areas”like national parks should generally be “no go” for mining, agriculture, dams, roads and pipelines.Survival ’s report shows that nearly all protected areas are, or have been, the ancestral homelands of tribal peoples, who have been dependent on, and managed them for thousands of years. But in the name of “conservation”, tribal peoples are being “illegally driven out”from these lands and accused of “poaching ”; meanwhile, tourists and fee-paying big-game hunters are welcomed in.Bushman Dauqoo Xukuri from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve in Botswana said, “I sit and look around the country. Wherever there are bushmen, there is game. Why? Because we know how to take care of animals. ”Survival ’s report concludes that the current model of conservation needs a radical shake-up. Conservation must stick to international law, protect tribal people ’s rights to their lands, listen to them, and then be prepared to back them up as much as they can.Survival ’s Director Stephen Corry said, “Millions are being spent by conservationists every year, and yet the environment ’s in deepening crisis. It ’s time to wake up and realize that there is another way and it ’s much, much better. Firstly, tribal peoples ’rights have to be acknowledged and respected. Secondly, they have to be treated as the best experts at defending their own lands. Conservationists must realize it ’s they, themselves, who are junior partners. ”----THE END----。

2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22._________, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been strongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25.What actually __________ a good angle —or a good selfie overall —is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONL Y. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET.A Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the responsehe received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned aone of the most powerful of the weapons of influence around us—the rule forus a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if athe reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts,things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense of obligation thatstudy, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society thatPART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the U.S.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para.4 seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with the Da Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporary artists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year. This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for“Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artists or scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells lots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am not making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?Individual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according toPara. 2?The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?Secret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease —of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?Fright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。

Task Ⅲ: Role-playStudent A: It has been proposed that the university improve campus security by requiring everyone to swipe their university ID card at the gate before they can enter. Those without an ID have to register with the security guard. You think this measure is necessary. Your partner, however, does not think this will improve the security situation on campus. Try to convince him or her that your opinion is correct. Remember: you will start the conversation.Task Ⅲ: Role-playStudent B: It has been proposed that the university improve campus security by requiring everyone to swipe their university ID card at the gate before they can enter. Those without an ID have to register with the security guard. Your partner thinks this measure is necessary. However, you do not think this will improve the security situation on campus. Try to convince your partner that your opinion is correct. Remember: your partner will start the conversation.Task Ⅲ: Role-playStudent A: It has been proposed that the university improve campus security by requiring everyone to swipe their university ID card at the gate before they can enter. Those without an ID have to register with the security guard. You think this measure is necessary. Your partner, however, does not think this will improve the security situation on campus. Try to convince him or her that your opinion is correct. Remember: you will start the conversation.Task Ⅲ: Role-playStudent B: It has been proposed that the university improve campus security by requiring everyone to swipe their university ID card at the gate before they can enter. Those without an ID have to register with the security guard. Your partner thinks this measure is necessary. However, you do not think this will improve the security situation on campus. Try to convince your partner that your opinion is correct. Remember: your partner will start the conversation.Task Ⅲ: Role-playStudent A: It has been proposed that the university improve campus security by requiring everyone to swipe their university ID card at the gate before they can enter. Those without an ID have to register with the security guard. You think this measure is necessary. Your partner, however, does not think this will improve the security situation on campus. Try to convince him or her that your opinion is correct. Remember: you will start the conversation.Task Ⅲ: Role-playStudent B: It has been proposed that the university improve campus security by requiring everyone to swipe their university ID card at the gate before they can enter. Those without an ID have to register with the security guard. Your partner thinks this measure is necessary. However, you do not think this will improve the security situation on campus. Try to convince your partner that your opinion is correct. Remember: your partner will start the conversation.。

2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套全)目录2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试题一(完整版) (1)快速对答案 (14)2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试卷一详细答案(精品) (15)2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试题二(完整版) (61)快速对答案 (75)2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试卷二详细答案(精品) (75)2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试题三(完整版) (120)快速对答案 (129)2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试卷三详细答案(精品) (129)2018年12月大学生英语四级真题试题一(完整版)Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the challenges of living in a big city.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

英语四级听力考试短对话根据选项的内容，四级听力短对话可分为事实状况题、行为活动题、观点态度题、地点场景题、谈论话题型、身份关系题和数字信息题七大类。

对话内容不同，提问的角度和方式也不同。

一、事实状况题问题是关于谈话的一方或双方说了什么、所处状态、做某事的原因何在、结果如何等。

提问方式通常为：What do we learn from this conversation?What does the man mean?What can be inferred from the conversation?此类题型解题技巧如下：1.根据选项特点判断问题类型。

这类题目的选项一般都是某种事实情况的陈述，选项中句子的时态以一般过去时或一般现在时居多。

2.正确选项一般不会是原文的细节再现。

这类题目往往需要考生根据对话内容推测出说话人话语中隐含的事实细节，因此正确选项往往不是对话中的原文照搬，而是对话内容的同义转述，或是根据对话内容推断出的事实细节。

3.注意捕捉选项中的关键词。

听音前应提取选项要点，确定听音时应该捕捉的重点内容。

一般某事的原因或结果常为考查重点。

4.对选项中及录音中涉及的关键信息进行标记，根据问题对号入座。

这类题目涉及的是原文中的细节内容，因而有必要将关键信息点加以记录，然后根据问题确定答案。

【真题示例1】(07-6-13)[A] The man regrets being absent-minded.[B] The woman saved the man some trouble.[C] The man placed the reading list on a desk.[D] The woman emptied the waste paper basket.M: I wish I hadn’t thrown away that reading list!W: I thought you might regret it. That’s why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it on the desk.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【解析】事实状况题。

英语四级听力短对话常见题型介绍
英语四级听力短对话常见题型介绍
短对话听力题型是四级考试中固定的而且相对简单的题型，共8道题。

采用一男一女对话的形式，对话内容是日常生活信息。

在平时多听的基础上，加上必要的技巧，相对来说还是比较容易得分的。

常考题型
1. 地点题：提问对话发生的地点
做此类题考生首先需要熟悉常考的地点和不同场景下人们的谈话用语，这是做题的基础。

做题时要抓住与特定地点相关的常用词语。

2. 人物关系或身份职业题
做题时要注意双方的.称呼语，同时要善于捕捉关键词及人物语气。

夫妻之间、师生之间、朋友之间、父母与孩子之间说话都有各自的特点，而且语气各不相同。

3. 观点态度题：任务对某件事物的观点或态度
注意含有能引出观点态度的动词或短语，如：think, believe, guess, consider, as far as I know等。

其次要注意一些逻辑关系词，如：but, instead, if, since, before等。

再次还要注意说话人的语气。

4. 数字计算题
此类题一般涉及时间和价钱的运算。

听对话的过程中需要把相关的数字记下来，重点注意问题，然后再此基础上计算。

5. 推理判断题：说话者采用比较含蓄的方法表达内容及意图，不能为答题者提供直接的信息。

2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark hour answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo __________ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to builda smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. . News ____________ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource for students looking to apply to university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ____________have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of_____________ mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate __________, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming ______________.A. warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ____________, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is altered when exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from the deed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used __________.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaningA. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentenceexpresses _______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to___________, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been stronglycriticized for his crude comments about women.A. QuestionablyB. ArguablyC. ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to __________ the increased cost of rawmaterials.A. cutB. buoyC. offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no __________ of giving any authorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognitionactually __________ a good angle — or a good selfie overall — is rooted in what we consider beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ________ mile to create the next generation of sportingstars thanks to its unique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’union _________ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable” school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the __________ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeological team.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on __________ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ___________ intelligence and operations company has released its analysisof worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passageif inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letterfor each word on ANSWER SHEET.A. accompaniesB. automaticallyC. coupleD. goesE. indebtednessF. kindG. mannerH. mercifullyI. oneJ. obeyK. renowned L. subscribe M. unknown N. virtue O. widespreadA Few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment.He sent Christmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some r eaction, the response he received was amazing—holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never met norheard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the unknown professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they automatically sent one in return. This study showsthe action of one of the most powerful of the weapons of influence aroundus—the rule for reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay,in kind, what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor,we should do her one in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, weshould remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a couple invitesus to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtueof the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment offavors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtednessto accompany the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged”　has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English languagebut in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule for reciprocation and the sense ofobligation that goes with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It isso widespread that after intensive study, sociologists such as Alvin Goldener can report that there is no human society that does not subscribeto the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE（1）The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establishcolonies that were free from the controls that existed in European societies. Theywanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churches, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those firstsettlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individualfreedom is probably the most basic of all the American values. By freedom, Americansmean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe they should stand on their own feet,achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early aspossible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has a equal chance to enter a race and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the .(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity:competition. If much of life is seen as race, then a person must run the race in orderto succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the lifeof an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact,any group of people who does not compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United Statesis to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty where millions could come to seek their fortunes.The phrase “going from rags to riches” became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the Americanpeople, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hardwork has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history.In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. seems to suggest that __________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining AmericanvaluesA. ComparisonD. Cause and effectC. DefinitionD. Process analysisPASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel,the man w ho invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned,and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and —perhaps most importantly—peace.(2) Not all rewards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries havea system of recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something goodin their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and award ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is and an annual opportunity for lots of big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are alsothe Golden Globes, evidently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films---there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prizeand the MTV for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker Prize can expect tosee their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with theDa Vinci Code for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for British contemporaryartists—each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putting animals in glass cases or—this year —building a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t only exist for arts. There are now awards for Sports Personalityof the Year, for European Footballer of the Year and World Footballer of the Year.This seems very strange—sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to peoplewho deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many s mall towns and communities all over the world also have their own award ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or, got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awardsfor“Innovation in English Language Teaching”．(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently Shakespeare neverwon a prize, nor did Leonardo Da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win“patronage”form rich people—a king or a lord would give the artistsor scientists money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways ofmaking money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens.A lot of scientific research is now either funded by the state or by private companies.(9)Perhaps award ceremonies are just the most recent phase of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, manymore people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel Prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony isseen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result The group sellslots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies.This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but alsothe sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“Win-win”situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the GoldenGlobes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writersA. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the pastand those at present lies in_____________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office whennews of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading thelist of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spentitself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach intoher soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singingreached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds thathad met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itselfto sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and evena certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixedaway off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back withher will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When s he abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: "Free, free, free!" The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen andbright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch ofher body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray anddead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come thatwould belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she wouldlive for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon afellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter!What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,imploring for admission. "Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will makeyourself ill. What are you doing, Louise For heaven's sake open the door."(17) "Go away. I am n ot making myself ill." No; she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days, andsummer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayerthat life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door to her sister's importunities. Therewas a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs.Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallardwho entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his gripsack and umbrella.He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one.He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards' quick motion to screen himfrom the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When t he doctors came they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get t he news of her husband’s deathA. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ___________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husbandA. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages inSection A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the mostfundamentalIndividual freedom.PASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.”according to Para. 2The author doubts the significance of some awards.53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5The author thinks it unreasonable to award rich people.PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the roomSecret joy over the expectation of future freedom.55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease — of joy that kills. Whatdo you think is the real cause of her deathFright and disillusionment at the sight of her “dead” husband.PART VI WRITING(略)。

unions专四听力原文2018年英语专四真题答案解析（含听力原文）PART I DICTATIONEmotional Reaction to MusicNo matter who you are, where you live, / or what your cultural background is, / people get some pleasure from listening to their favorite music. / However, some people are simply not capable of enjoying music. / This is not because they can’t experience pleasure at all. / They don’t have trouble hearing music properly, either. / Instead, they’re just indifferent to music. / Researchers have conducted studies to find out / why some people have no emotional reaction to music. / However, despite their efforts, the mystery remains.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TAL1. seven2. sounds3. cognitive4. a sound change5. six-month-old6. discriminate the7. their first birthday8. totally equivalent9. incredible different10. taking statisticsSECTION B CONVERSATIONSConversation One1. According to the man, what is a British characteristic?答案：C. The British are unable to speak a foreign language.2. What is the second most-spoken language in the UK?答案：B. Polish.3. Why was the 1,000 Words Campaign launched?答案：A. To help improve international trade.4.According to the man, which is not considered an advantage of learning a foreign language?答案：D. It makes you work hard.5. What’s the most probable relationship between the man and the woman?答案：B. Schoolmates.Conversation Two6. According to Alice, what is a phobia?答案：A. An unreasonable fear.7. What are the chances of getting knocked off one’s bicycle and killed in a one-mile journey?答案：C. One in fourteen million.8. What kind of event do people tend to worry about?答案：B. Catastrophic events.9. Which may involve a chronic risk?答案：D. Smoking cigarettes.10. Why do some people enjoy risks?答案：A. They get pleasure from risks.婴儿的语言天赋The Linguistic Gift of Babies大家早上好。

2018年英语专业四级考试真题答案与解析PART I DICTATIONEmotional Reaction to MusicNo matter who you are,where you live,/or what your cultural background is,/people get some pleasure from listening to their favorite music./However,some people are simply not capable of enjoying music./This is not because they can’t experience pleasure at all./They don’t have trouble hearing music properly,either./ Instead,they’re just indifferent to music./Researchers have conducted studies to find out/why some people have no emotional reaction to music./However,despite their efforts,the mystery remains.音乐的情绪反应无论是何身份，住处，或者文化背景，人们听到喜欢的音乐都会心情舒畅。

然而，有些人就是没办法欣赏音乐。

这并不是因为他们完全不能体会快乐，也不是因为不能听音乐。

而是他们对音乐不敏感。

研究者们做了很多研究，想要探究为什么有些人对音乐不能产生情感上的反应。

然而，无论他们做多少工作，还是解不开谜团。

PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A Talk1.seven2.sounds3.cognitive4.a sound changes5.six-month-old6.discriminate the sounds7.their first birthdays/one year old8.totally equivalent9.quite/obviously different10.taking statistics听力原文The Linguistic Gift of BabiesGood morning,everyone.In today’s lecture,I’m going to talk about something you can’t see.That is,what’s going on in the little brain of a baby.For example,how babies learn a language.It is always a question people show great interest in.Babies and children are geniuses until they turn seven,and then there’s a systematic decline.Work in my lab is focused on the first critical period in development,and that is the period in which babies try to master which sounds are used in their language.We think,by studying how the sounds are learned,we’ll have a model for the rest of language,and perhaps for critical periods that may exist in childhood for social, emotional and cognitive development.So we’ve been studying the babies by conducting an experiment.During our experiment,the baby,usually a six-monther,sits on a parent’s lap,and we train them to turn their heads when a sound changes—like from“ah”to“ee”.If they do so at the appropriate time,the black box lights up and a panda bear pounds a drum.What have we learned?Well,babies all over the world are what I like to describe as“citizens of the world”. They can discriminate all the sounds of all languages,no matter what country we’re testing and what language we’re using,and that’s remarkable because you know,I can’t do that.We’re culture-bound listeners.We can discriminate the sounds of our own language,but not those of foreign languages.So the question arises:When do those citizens of the world turn into the language-bound listeners that we are?And the answer:before their first birthdays.What you see here is performance on that head-turn task for babies tested in Tokyo and the United States,here in Seattle,as they listened to the“ra”and“la”—sounds important to English,but not to Japanese.So at six to eight months,the babies are totally equivalent.Two months later,something,something incredible occurs.The babies in the United States are getting a lot better while babies in Japan are getting a lot worse.So the question is:What’s happening during this critical two-month period?We know this is the critical period for sound development,but what’s going on up there?Maybe there are two things going on.The first is that the babies are listening intently to us,and they’re taking statistics as they listen to us talk—they’re taking statistics.That is to say,the two babies listen to their own mother speaking motherese—the universal language we use when we talk to kids.During the production of speech,when babies listen,what they’re doing is taking statistics,that is,sound distribution on the language that they hear.And those sound distributions grow and babies absorb more.And what we’ve learned is that babies are sensitive to the statistics,and the statistics of Japanese and English are very,very different.I mean,the sound distribution of both languages is different.So babies absorb the statistics of the language and it changes their brains;it changes them from the citizens of the world to the culture-bound listeners that we are because we as adults are no longer absorbing those statistics.In this case,of course,we’re arguing that the learning of language material may slow down when our distribution stabilizes.OK.Today,we just talked about a recent project on babies’language development.In our next lecture,we will concentrate on bilingual people,how bilinguals keep two sets of statistics in mind at once.听力翻译婴儿的语言天赋大家早上好。

2018年英语专业四级TEM-4真题及解析2018 年英语专业四级真题及详解TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2018)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MINPART Ⅰ DICTATION [10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.【答案与解析】Emotional Reaction to Music①No matter who you are, where you live, or what your cultural background is, people get some pleasure from listening to their favorite music. ②However, some people are simply not capable of enjoying music. ③This is not because they can‘t experience pleasure at all. ④They don‘ have trouble hearing music properly, either. ⑤Instead, they‘re just indifferent to music. ⑥Researchers have conducted studies to find out why some people have no emotional reaction to music. ⑦However, despite their efforts, the mystery r emains.【难点点评】1）句②中，capable 意为“能⼲的”，与“of”连⽤“表⽰能……的”，注意“of”不要遗漏。

QUESTION BOOKLET试卷用后随即销毁。

禁止保存、第一版或复印。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2018)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN PART I DICTATION[10 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and tryto understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will beread sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. Thelast reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION[20 MIN] SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORETHAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammaticallyand semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Nowlisten to the talk. Whenit is over, you will be given TWOminutes to check your work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations. At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCEONLY.After each question therewill be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices ofA, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Many foreign languages are spoken in Britain.B.Everyone in Britain can speak a foreign language.C.The British are unable to speak a foreign language.D.The British can survive on their mother tongue.2. A. Chinese.B.Polish.C.Punjabi.D.Urdu.3. A. To help improve international trade.B.To allow a speaker to hold a simple talk.C.To improve the education system.D.To encourage learning another language.4. A. It gives you self-satisfaction.B.It makes you more confident.C.It gives you an advantage.D.It makes you work hard.5. A. Workmates.B.Schoolmates.C.Teacher and student.D.Brother and sister.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A dangerous event.B.An unreasonable fear.C. A small probability.D. A risk-assessing ability.7. A. One in one million.B.One in four million.C.One in fourteen million.D.One in forty million.8. A. Future events.B.Catastrophic events.C.Small-scale disasters.D.Smoking hazards.9. A. Traveling by air.B.Riding a bicycle.C.Catching bird flu.D.Smoking cigarettes.10. A. They get pleasure from risks.B.They can control potential risks.C.They can assess danger from risks.D.They have strong needs for risks.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE[10 MIN]There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four options markedA, B, C and D. Choosethe one that best completes the sentence or answers the question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.11.The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo______ ancient Egypt ’ s first attempt to builda smooth-sided pyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12.. News______ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resourcefor students looking to apply to a university campus.A.maintainsB.is maintainingC.maintainedD.has been maintaining13.He was lured into a crime he would not ______ have committed.A.actuallyB.accidentallyC.otherwiseD.seldom14.She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and aview of ______ mountains behind the apple orchard.A.blue hazy VirginiaB.hazy blue VirginiaC.Virginia hazy blueD.Virginia blue hazy15.I long to alleviate ______, but I cannot.A.the evilB.evilC.evilsD.an evil16.Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football,as killing and maiming ______.A.warB.are warC.of warD.are of war17.At ______,photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitivematerial is altered when exposed to light.A.its most basicB.its basicC.the most basicD.the basic18.She hired a lawyer to investigate,only to learn that Gabriel had removed hername from the deed.The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn ”is used ______.A.to express an intended purposeB.to indicate a high degree of possibilityC.to reveal an undesirable consequenceD.to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOESNOTcarry the metaphorical meaningA.I wonder what ’ s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standingC. This work should have been finished yesterday. Ibehind .D. I suppose I’ m lucky because my parents were behind him.’ m getting terribly behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immenselyproud of what has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part inthe sentence expresses ______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. Whenthe police officers who took part in the King beating were first broughtto ______, their lawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB.testimonyC.trialD.verdict22. ______, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has beenstrongly criticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD.Debatably23.Prices have recently risen in order to ______ the increased cost of rawmaterials.A.cutB.buoyC.offerD.offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she“has no ______ of giving anyauthorization to anyone to proceed with a divorce.”A.recommendationB.recordingC.recollectionD.recognition25.What actually ______ a good angle—or a good selfie overall—is rootedin what we considered beautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ______ mile to create the next generation of sportingstars thanks to its unique development program.A.finalB.furtherC.supplementaryD.extra’repairing“ deplorable” school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filledst March the ______ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwaterarchaeological team.A.debrisB.ruinsC.remainsD.wreck29.She’s worn his designs on ______ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A.countlessB.countableC.numericalD.numeral30. A leading ______ intelligence and operations company has released its analysisof worldwide reported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A.oceangoingB.oceanicC.marineD.maritimePART IV CLOZE[10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. accompaniesB.C. coupleD. goesE.automatically indebtednessF. kindG. mannerH. mercifullyI. oneJ. obeyK. renowned L. subscribe M. unknown N. virtue O. widespreadA few years ago, a university professor tried a little experiment. He sentChristmas cards to a sample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing–holiday cards addressed to himcame pouring back from the people who had never met nor heard of him. The greatmajority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the ______ (31)professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they ______ (32) sentone in return. This study shows the action of one of the most powerful of weaponsof influence around us – the rule of reciprocation. The rule says that we shouldtry to repay,in ______ (33),what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her ______ (34) in return; if a man sends us a birthdaypresent, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a ______ (35)invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By ______(36)of the reciprocity rule,then,we are obliged to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for ______ (37) to company the receipt of such things that a term like“ much obliged” has become a synonym for“ thank you,” not only in the English language but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule of reciprocation and the sense of obligationthat ______ (38) with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so ______(39)that after intensive study, sociologists can report that there is nohuman society that does not ______ (40) to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSION[35 MIN]SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choicequestions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answersmarked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer andmark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establishcolonies which were free from the controls that existed in European societies.They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churched, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made bythose first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the Americancharacter.By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis wason the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all Americanvalues.By “ freedom, ” Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from thegovernment, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2)There is,however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe that they should stand on theirown feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parentsas early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawnto the United States is the belief that everyone has an equal chance to enter achance and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in theConstitution, no formal class system developed in the US.(4)There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity:competition. If much of life is seen as a race, then a person must run the racein order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement fromwork. In fact, any group of people who does no compete successfully does not fitinto the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the UnitedStates appeared to be a “land of plenty ” where millions could come to seek their fortunes.The phrase “ going from rags to riches ” became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a valueto the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6)Americans pay a price,however,for their material wealth:hard work.Hard work has been both necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout theirhistory. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’ s abilities.Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in1964,said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find thisa harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7)These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather,they should be thought of as themes,as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41.Para. 4 seems to suggest that _______.A.Americans are born with a sense of competitionB.the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC.successful competition is essential in American societypetition results in equality of opportunities42.Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explainingAmerican valuesparison.B.Cause and effect.C.Definition.D.Process analysis.PASSAGE TWO(1)The Nobels are the originals,of course.Alfred Nobel,the man who invented deadly explosives,decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature,science,economics and –perhaps most importantly–peace.(2)Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.Even though most countries havea system for recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done somethinggood in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and awards ceremoniesfor all kinds of things.(3)The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly)American film industry to tell itself how good it is, an annual opportunity for big starsto give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there arealso the Golden Globes, apparently for the same thing.(4)But it’ s not only films–now there are also Grammies, Brits,the Mercury Prize and the MTVand Q awards for music.In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller listsand compete with “ The Da Vinci Code” for popularity.The Turner Prize is an award for a British contemporary artist–each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, putanimals in glass cases or–this year–build a garden shed.(5) Awards don’ t only exist for the arts. There are now awards for SportsPersonality of the Year, for European Footballer of the year and World Footballerof the Year. This seems very strange–sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’ t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’ t short of cash!(6)Many small towns and communities all over the world also have theirown awards ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who havegraduated from high school or got a university degree. Even the British Councilhas its own awards for“ Innovation in English Language Teaching” .(7)Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently Shakespearenever won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8)It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists andartists could win“ patronage” from rich people–a king or a lord would givethe artist or scientist money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world,this no longer happens. Scientific research is now either funded by the governmentor by private companies.(9)Perhaps awards ceremonies are just the most recent face of this process.(10)However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, manymore people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremonyis seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result The group sells slots more records.(11) Most awards ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits–but also the sponsors. The MTVawards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a“ win-win” situation, with everyonebeing happy, but let me ask you a question–how far do you think that publicityand marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition ofachievement is taking place43.What is the author ’ s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, theGolden Globes and Grammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A.Amused.B.Appreciative.C.Sarcastic.D.Serious.44.According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writersA.They would enjoy a much larger readership.B.They would turn to popular novel writing.C.They would continue non-fiction writing.D.They would try controversial forms of art.45.Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6A.Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B.Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C.Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D.Awards ceremonies are held of all sorts of reasons.46.According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists inthe past and those at present lies in _______.A.nature of workB.personal contactC.source of fundingD.social status47.It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards _______.A.promote market rather than achievementsB.do good to both market and popularityC.help those who are really talentedD.are effective in making people popularPASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was suffering from a heart trouble, great carewas taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’ s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentence. Her husband’ s friend Richards was there, too, near her. It was he who had been in the newspaperoffice when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of“ killed.” He had only taken the time to assure himselfof its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’ s arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4)There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed toreach into her soul.(5)She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. Thedelicious breath of rain was in the air. In the street below a peddler was cryinghis wares. The notes of a distant song which some one was singing reached herfaintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.(6)There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through theclouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.(7)She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quitemotionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as achild who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gazewas fixed out there on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance ofreflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully.What was it She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she feltit, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents,the color that filled the air.(10)Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously.She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat itback with her will– as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11)When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightlyparted lips. She said it over and over under her breath:“ free, free, free!”The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes.They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmedand relaxed every inch of her body.(12)She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender handsfolded in death;the face,fixed and gray and dead.But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13)There would be no one to live for during those coming years;she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upona fellow-creature.(14)And yet she had loved him– sometimes. Often she had not. What did itmatter!What could love,the unsolved mystery,count for in face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of herbeing!(15)“ Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16)Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission.“ Louise,open the door!I beg; open the door – you will make yourself ill.What are you doing,Louise For heaven ’s sake open the door. ”(17)“ Go away. I am not making myself ill.” No; she was drinking in a veryelixir（长命百岁药） of life through that open window.(18)Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Spring days,and summer days,and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long.It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19)She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph inher eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. Sheclasped her sister ’s waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Someone was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his bag and umbrella.He had been far from the scene of the accident, and did not even know there hadbeen one. He stood amazed at Josephine ’ s piercing cry; at Richards to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart diseasejoy that kills.’quick–motionof the48.How did Mrs Mallard get the news of her husband’ s deathA.Her husband ’ s friend told her.B.She had read it from the paper.C.Her sister Josephine told her.D.Her doctor broke the news to her.49.When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she _______.A.sat in an armchair all the timeB.sat with her back facing the windowC.sat and then walked around for a whileD.sat in a chair and cried all the time50.How did she feel about her love towards her husbandA.She hated her husband.B.She was indifferent now.C.She found it hard to describe.D.She had loved him all along.SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passagesin Section A. Answer the questions with NOMORETHANTENWORDSin the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the mostfundamentalPASSAGE TWO52. What can be inferred from the sentence “ Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. ”according to Para. 253. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5PASSAGE THREE54.What was Mrs Mallard ’s mood when she was left alone in the room55.The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease – of joy that kills.What do you think is the real cause of her deathPART VI WRITING[45 MIN]Read carefully the following report, and then write your response in NO LESSTHAN200 words, in which you should:summarize the main message of the report, and thencomment on the two points made by Stephen Corry, Survival’s Director.You can support yourself with information from the report.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organizationand language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a lossof marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.Report exposed the dark side of conservationA report launched by Survival International–the global movement for tribal peoples ’ rights–reveals how conservation has led to the eviction of millionsof tribal people from “ protected areas, ” since“ protected areas ” like national parks should generally be“ no go” for mining, agriculture, dams, roads andpipelines.Survival’ s report shows that nearly all protected areas are, or have been,the ancestral homelands of tribal peoples, who have been dependent on, and managed them for thousands of years. But in the name of“ conservation” , tribal peoplesare being“ illegally driven out” from these lands and accused of“ poaching” ; meanwhile, tourists and fee-paying big-game hunters are welcomed in.Bushman Dauqoo Xukuri from the Central Kalahari GameReserve in Botswana said,“ I sit and look around the country. Wherever there are bushmen, there is game.Why Because we know how to take care of animals.”Survival ’ s report concludes that the current model of conservation needs aradical shake-up. Conservation must stick to international law, protect tribalpeople ’ s rights to their lands,listen to them,and then be prepared to back them up as much as they can.Survival’ s Director Stephen Corry said,“ Millions are being spent by conservationists every year,and yet the environment’ s in deepening crisis.It ’ s time to wake up and realize that there is another way and it ’ s much, much better. Firstly,tribal peoples ’ rights have to be acknowledged and respected.Secondly, they have to be treated as the best experts at defending their own lands.Conservationists must realize it ’s they, themselves, who are junior partners.”----THE END----。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2018)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 130 MIN PART I DICTATION [10 MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN] SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on the ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work..The Linguistic Gift of BabiesCritical ageDecline of babies’ language learning ability occurs at the age of (1) ______ (1)________ Lab workResearch focus:●How babies learn (2) ______ in the first critical period (2)________ Research aims:●Developing a model for babies in their critical periods of—language acquisition—social, emotional and (3) ______ development (3)________ Research process:●Babies need to listen.●They are trained to turn their heads when (4) ______ (4)________ ● A panda bear pounds a drum if babies are correct.Participants:●(5) ______ babies (5)________ Results:●Babies can (6) ______ of all languages. (6)________ ●Babies become language-bound before (7) ______ (7)________—sound reaction between American and Japanese babies--6 to 8 months old: (8) ______ (8)________ --two months later: (9) ______ (9)________ ●Two events during the critical two months—(10) ______ when listening to a language (10)_______ —change of babies’ brains when distributions growConclusionLanguage learning may slow down when sound distributions become stable.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section, you will hear two conversations. At the end of the conversion, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. Many foreign languages are spoken in Britain.B. Everyone in Britain can speak a foreign language.C. The British are unable to speak a foreign language.D. The British can survive on their mother tongue.2. A. Chinese. B. Polish. C. Punjabi. D. Urdu.3. A. To help improve international trade. B. To allow a speaker to hold a simple talk.C. To improve the education system.D. To encourage learning another language.4. A. It gives you self-satisfaction. B. It makes you more confident.C. It gives you an advantage.D. It makes you work hard.5. A. Workmates. B. Schoolmates. C. Teacher and student. D. Brother and sister. Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. A dangerous event. B. An unreasonable fear.C. A small probability.D. A risk-assessing ability.7. A. One in one million. B. One in four million.C. One in fourteen million.D. One in forty million.8. A. Future events. B. Catastrophic events. C. Small-scale disasters. D. Smoking hazards.9. A. Traveling by air. B. Riding a bicycle. C. Catching bird flu. D. Smoking cigarettes.10. A. They get pleasure from risks. B. They can control potential risks.C. They can assess danger from risks.D. They have strong needs for risks.PART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE [10 MIN] There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.11. The Bent Pyramid outside Cairo ______ ancient Egypt’s first attempt to build a smooth-sidedpyramid.A. has been believed to have beenB. was believed to beC. is believed to have beenD. is believed to be12. U.S. News ______ rankings of colleges since 1983. They are a very popular resource forstudents looking to apply to a university campus.A. maintainsB. is maintainingC. maintainedD. has been maintaining13. He was lured into a crime he would not ______ have committed.A. actuallyB. accidentallyC. otherwiseD. seldom14. She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of ______mountains behind the apple orchard.A. blue hazy VirginiaB. hazy blue VirginiaC. Virginia hazy blueD. Virginia blue hazy15. I long to alleviate ______, but I cannot.A. the evilB. evilC. evilsD. an evil16. Indeed, it is arguable that body shattering is the very point of football, as killing and maiming______.A.warB. are warC. of warD. are of war17. At ______, photography is a chemical process, during which a light-sensitive material is alteredwhen exposed to light.A. its most basicB. its basicC. the most basicD. the basic18. She hired a lawyer to investigate, only to learn that Gabriel had removed her name from thedeed. The infinitive verb phrase “only to learn” is used ______.A. to express an intended purposeB. to indicate a high degree of possibilityC. to reveal an undesirable consequenceD. to dramatize a stated fact19. Which of the following italicized words DOES NOT carry the metaphorical meaning?A. I wonder what’s behind this change of plan.B. Jim turned to speak to the person standing behind him.C. This work should have been finished yesterday. I’m getting terribly behind.D. I suppose I’m lucky because my parents were behind me all the way.20. My mother was determined to help those in need and she would have been immensely proud ofwhat has been achieved these last 20 years. The italicized part in the sentence expresses______.A. a hypothesisB. a suggestionC. a contradictionD. a surprise21. When the police officers who took part in the King beating were first brought to ______, theirlawyers used the videotape as evidence against the prosecution.A. justiceB. testimonyC. trialD. verdict22. ______, the most controversial candidate in the election campaign, he has been stronglycriticized for his crude comments about women.A.QuestionablyB.ArguablyC.ContentiouslyD. Debatably23. Prices have recently risen in order to ______ the increased cost of raw materials.A. cutB.buoyC.offerD. offset24. The celebrity says in court papers she “has no ______ of giving any authorization to anyone toproceed with a divorce.”A. recommendationB. recordingC. recollectionD. recognition25. What actually ______ a good angle—or a good selfie overall—is rooted in what we consideredbeautiful.A. consistsB. constitutesC. composesD. constructs26. The school is going the ______ mile to create the next generation of sporting stars thanks to itsunique development program.A. finalB. furtherC. supplementaryD. extra27. The teachers’ union ______ a lawsuit against the district calling for repairing “deplorable”school conditions.A. firedB. filedC. finedD. filled28. Last March the ______ of a 19th century cargo ship was found by an underwater archaeologicalteam.A. debrisB. ruinsC. remainsD. wreck29. She’s worn his designs on ______ occasions from red carpets to movie premieres.A. countlessB. countableC. numericalD. numeral30. A leading ______ intelligence and operations company has released its analysis of worldwidereported incidents of piracy and crime against mariners.A. oceangoingB. oceanicC. marineD. maritimePART IV CLOZE [10 MIN] Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word onsample of perfect strangers. Although he expected some reaction, the response he received was amazing – holiday cards addressed to him came pouring back from the people who had never metnor heard of him. The great majority of those who returned a card never inquired into the identity of the ______ (31) professor. They received his holiday greeting card, and they ______ (32) sent one in return. This study shows the action of one of the most powerful of weapons of influence around us –the rule of reciprocation. The rule says that we should try to repay, in ______ (33), what another person has provided us. If a woman does us a favor, we should do her ______ (34) in return; if a man sends us a birthday present, we should remember his birthday with a gift of our own; if a ______ (35) invites us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By ______ (36) of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obliged to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. So typical is it for ______ (37) to company the receipt of such things that a term like “much obliged” has become a synonym for “thank you,” not only in the English lan guage but in others as well.The impressive aspect of the rule of reciprocation and the sense of obligation that ______ (38) with it is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so ______ (39) that after intensive study, sociologists can report that there is no human society that does not ______ (40) to the rule.PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1) The earliest settlers came to the North American continent to establish colonies which were free from the controls that existed in European societies. They wanted to escape the controls placed on their lives by kings and governments, priests and churched, noblemen and aristocrats. The historic decisions made by those first settlers have had a profound effect on the shaping of the American character. By limiting the power of the government and the churches and eliminating a formal aristocracy, they created a climate of freedom where the emphasis was on the individual. Individual freedom is probably the most basic of all American values. By “freedom,”Americans mean the desire and the ability of all individuals to control their own destiny without outside interference from the government, a ruling noble class, the church, or any other organized authority.(2) There is, however, a price to be paid for this individual freedom: self-reliance. It means that Americans believe that they should stand on their own feet, achieving both financial and emotional independence from their parents as early as possible, usually by age 18 or 21.(3) A second important reason why immigrants have traditionally been drawn to the United States is the belief that everyone has an equal chance to enter a chance and succeed in the game. Because titles of nobility were forbidden in the Constitution, no formal class system developed in the US.(4) There is, however, a price to be paid for this equality of opportunity: competition. If much of life is seen as a race, then a person must run the race in order to succeed; a person must compete with others. The pressures of competition in the life of an American begin in childhood and continue until retirement from work. In fact, any group of people who does no compete successfully does not fit into the mainstream of American life as well as those who do.(5) A third reason why immigrants have traditionally come to the United States is to have a better life. Because of its abundant natural resources, the United States appeared to be a “land of plenty”where millions could come to seek their fortunes. The phrase “going from rags to riches”became a slogan for the American dream. Many people did achieve material success. Material wealth became a value to the American people, and it also became an accepted measure of social status.(6) Americans pay a price, however, for their material wealth: hard work. Hard work has beenboth necessary and rewarding for most Americans throughout their history. In some ways, material possessions are seen as evidence of people’s abilities. Barry Goldwater, a candidate for the presidency in 1964, said that most poor people are poor because they deserve to be. Most Americans would find this a harsh statement, but many might think there was some truth in it.(7) These basic values do not tell the whole story of the American character. Rather, they should be thought of as themes, as we continue to explore more facets of the American character and how it affects life in the United States.41. Para. 4 seems to suggest that ________.A. Americans are born with a sense of competitionB. the pressure of competition begins when one starts workC. successful competition is essential in American societyD. competition results in equality of opportunities42. Which of the following methods does the author mainly use in explaining American values?A. Comparison.B. Cause and effect.C. Definition.D. Process analysis. PASSAGE TWO(1) The Nobels are the originals, of course. Alfred Nobel, the man who invented deadly explosives, decided to try and do something good with all the money he earned, and gave prizes to people who made progress in literature, science, economics and – perhaps most importantly – peace.(2) Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels. Even though most countries have a system for recognizing, honoring and rewarding people who have done something good in their countries, there are now hundreds of awards and awards ceremonies for all kinds of things.(3) The Oscars are probably the most famous, a time for the (mostly) American film industry to tell itself how good it is, an annual opportunity for big stars to give each other awards and make tearful speeches. As well as that there are also the Golden Globes, apparently for the same thing.(4) But it’s not only films – now there are also Grammies, Brits, the Mercury Prize and the MTV and Q awards for music. In Britain, a writer who wins the Booker prize can expect to see their difficult, literary novel hit the bestseller lists and compete with “The Da Vinci Code” for popularity. The Turner Prize is an award for a British contemporary artist – each year it causes controversy by apparently giving lots of money to artists who do things like displaying their beds, put animals in glass cases or – this year – build a garden shed.(5) Awards don’t onl y exist for the arts. There are now awards for Sports Personality of the Year, for European Footballer of the year and World Footballer of the Y ear. This seems very strange –sometimes awards can be good to give recognition to people who deserve it, or to help people who don’t make a lot of money carry on their work without worrying about finances, but professional soccer players these days certainly aren’t short of cash!(6) Many small towns and communities all over the world also have their own awards ceremonies, for local writers or artists, or just for people who have graduated from high school or got a university degree. Even the British Council has its own awards for “Innovation in English Language Teaching”.(7) Why have all these awards and ceremonies appeared recently? Shakespeare never won a prize, nor did Leonardo da Vinci or Adam Smith or Charles Dickens.(8) It would be possible to say, however, that in the past, scientists and artists could win “patronage” from rich people – a king or a lord would give the artist or scientist money to have them paint their palaces or help them develop new ways of making money. With the change in social systems across the world, this no longer happens. Scientific research is now either funded by the government or by private companies.(9) Perhaps awards ceremonies are just the most recent face of this process.(10) However, there is more to it than that. When a film wins an Oscar, many more people will go and see it, or buy the DVD. When a writer wins the Nobel prize, many more people buy their books. When a group wins the MTV awards, the ceremony is seen by hundreds of thousands of people across the world. The result? The group sells slots more records.(11) Most award ceremonies are now sponsored by big organizations or companies. This means that it is not only the person who wins the award who benefits---but also the sponsors. The MTV awards, for example, are great for publicizing not only music, but also MTV itself!(12) On the surface, it seems to be a “Win-win” situation, with everyone being happy, but let me ask you a question—how far do you think that publicity and marketing are winning here, and how much genuine recognition of achievement is taking place?43. What is the author’s tone when he mentions awards such as the Oscars, the Golden Globes andGrammies (Paras. 3 & 4)A. Amused.B. Appreciative.C. Sarcastic.D. Serious.44. According to Para. 4, what would happen to award winning writers?A. They would enjoy a much larger readership.B. They would turn to popular novel writing.C. They would continue non-fiction writing.D. They would try controversial forms of art.45. Which of the following statements best sums up Para. 6?A. Awards ceremonies are held for local people.B. Awards ceremonies are held on important occasions.C. Awards ceremonies are held in certain professions.D. Awards ceremonies are held for all sorts of reasons.46. According to Para. 8, one difference between scientists and artists in the past and those at presentlies in ________.A. nature of workB. personal contactC. source of fundingD. social status47. It can be concluded from Para. 12 that the author thinks awards ________.A. promote market rather than achievementsB. do good to both market and popularityC. help those who are really talentedD. are effective in making people popular PASSAGE THREE(1) Knowing that Mrs. Mallard suffered from a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death.(2) It was her sister Josephine who told her, in broken sentences. Her husband’s friend Richards was there, too. It was he who had been in the newspaper office when news of the railroad disaster was received, with Brently Mallard’s name leading the list of “killed”. He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram.(3) She wept at once, in her sister’s arms. When the storm of sadness had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her.(4) There stood, facing the open window, a comfortable armchair. Into this she sank, pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.(5) She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves).(6) There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled above the other in the west facing her window.(7) She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her, as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.(8) She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.(9) There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name. But she felt it, creeping out of the sky, reaching toward her through the sounds, the scents, the color that filled the air.(10) Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously. She was beginning to recognize this thing thatwas approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will-as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.(11) When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under her breath: \had followed it went from her eyes. They stayed keen and bright. Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.(12) She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead. But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely. And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.(13) There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending her in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.(14) And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. What did it matter! What could love, the unsolved mystery, count for in face of this possession of self-assertion, which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15)“Free! Body and soul free!” she kept whispering.(16) Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole, imploring for admission. “Louise, open the door! I beg; open the door-you will make yourself ill. What are you doing, Louise? For heaven's sake open the door.”(17) “Go away. I am not making myself ill.” No, she was drinking in a very elixir(长生不老药) of life through that open window.(18) Her fancy was running riot along those days ahead of her. Springs days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own. She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.(19) She arose at length and opened the door. There was a feverish triumph in her eyes, and she carried herself unwittingly like a goddess of Victory. She clasped her sister's waist, and together they descended the stairs. Richards stood waiting for them at the bottom.(20) Some one was opening the front door with a latchkey. It was Brently Mallard who entered, a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his bag and umbrella. He had been far from the scene of accident, and did not even know there had been one. He stood amazed at Josephine's piercing cry; at Richards’ quick motion to screen him from the view of his wife.(21) But Richards was too late.(22) When the doctors came they said she had died of heart disease—of joy that kills.48. How did Mrs Mallard get the news of her husband’s death?A. Her husband’s friend told her.B. She had read it from the paper.C. Her sister Josephine told her.D. Her doctor broke the news to her.49. When Mrs Mallard was alone in her room, she ________.A. sat in an armchair all the timeB. sat with her back facing the windowC. sat and then walked around for whileD. sat in a chair and cried all the time.50. How did she feel about her love towards her husband?A. She hated her husband.B. She was indifferent now.C. She found it hard to describe.D. She had loved him all along. SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section, there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE51. What does This in Para. 2 refer to?PASSAGE TWO52. Why did Fisher have to battle in the courts after he found the treasure (Para. 4)?51. Of all the values mentioned in the passage, which one is regarded as the most fundamental?52. What can be inferred from the sentence “Not all awards are as noble as the Nobels.” according toPara. 2?53. What conclusion can be drawn from Para. 5?PASSAGE THREE54. What was Mrs Mallard’s mood when she was left alone in the room?55. The doctors said that Mrs Mallard died of heart disease—of joy that kills. What do you think isthe real cause of her death?PART V WRITING [45 MIN] Write your article on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.Read carefully the following report, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 WORDS, in which you should:●summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then●comment on whether our brains will get lazy in a world run by intelligent machines.You can support yourself with information from the report.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.—THE END—2018年英语专业四级(TEM4) 听力原文Part II LISTENING COMPREHENSION—SECTION A TALKThe Linguistic Gift of Babies 婴儿的语言天赋Good morning, everyone. In today's lecture, I'm going to talk about something you can't see. That is, what's going on in the little brain of a baby.大家早上好。

英语四级听力有哪些题型一、短对话常考情景：话题与生活相关，涉及校园，生活，工作及各种社交场所。

1、校园生活情景涉及入学，理解新同学，借书，师生交流，作业，论文，对课程的评价、考试、补课，业余活动等;2、家庭生活情景涉及饮食、娱乐、旅行，交通，卫生医疗，居家琐事，在家请客，住房搬家，购物等;3、工作场景涉及到学生兼职，招聘面试、工作选择，工作状态、同事相处，工作目标等;二. 长对话长对话的谈话双方会就某一个话题实行多个回合的交流，信息量更多，人物态度、语气、情感变化更复杂。

提问的方式与短对话相同，考生应在答题前快速浏览选项，大致推测对话发生的情景。

记录对话中的重要信息时，主要注意一下三个类型的信息：1、数字、人名、地名，表示观点的标示词;2、重复率高的词或词组;3、表示因果、转折、比较及其他重要标示词。

三.短文理解题材涉及英美国家的社会、教育、文化、体育、科学、技术、风俗、人情、历史、地理等方面。

常考题型有三种：1、主旨大意题：要重视首尾句、同时要重视短文多次提到的某些词语或内容。

2、事实细节题：短文中的主要人物、人名、时间、主要时间、数据、原因等细节需做笔记，另外：注重标示逻辑关系的句子如转折、因果、条件等。

此外，列举处，短文强调的内容等通常也是重点。

3、推理判断题：需要对短文的主旨和细节有较深层次的理解，注意与主题密切相关的选项注意短文中的关联词。

四.复合式听写：1、单词部分主要考查名词、动词、形容词，偶尔也会有副词。

名词要特别注意单复数形式。

和一些以-ure,-ty,-ment,-ity名词的后缀;动词主要考单复数形式、时态、语态以及某些动词的特变化。

要特别注意弱读喔，连读尤其是读音相近的词(如row和rule)，甚至是同音词，填在空格处的词一定要符合上下文的语义。

利用读指令的这段时间，大致浏览一遍短文，了解一下全文语意意群的内容，通过阅读，对于所有要听的文字材料在头脑中形成一个大概印象，并对要填写的文字实行初步猜测。

【导语】学⽽不思则罔，在掌握知识点之后将其运⽤在解题中才是学习的好⽅法。

为您提供了“2018年12⽉英语四级听⼒真题详解”，欢迎阅读参考！更多相关讯息请关注！ Part IIListening Comprehension(30 minutes) News 1 【1】A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019. If successful， the tiny device will provide the moon with its first ever mobile phone network. The lunar network will support high definition streaming of video and data between the moon and earth. The network is part of a mission to the moon. This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon. The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a space X Falcon 9 rocket in 2019. Mission to the moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a communications network on the moon. The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G rather than a fifth generation or 5G network.【2】This is because fifth generation networks are still in testing and trial phases.This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on the moon‘s surface Question 1：What are scientists planning to do? Question 2：Why did scientists choose to set up a 4G network in their mission? News 2 It‘s responded to a fire Wednesday night at an abandoned mall in Heywood. The fire was reported at 9：26 pm at an old shopping center on Michigan Avenue near St. Mary’s Church. Six fire engines， two trucks and two chiefs responded to the scene. Crews had the fire under control in about 45 minutes and managed to contain the fire to its point of origin.【3】There were some people inside the building when the fire broke out but there were no reports of any injuries. Fire investigators have responded to the scene but have not yet determined the cause of the fire. Firefighters will remain on the scene until later this morning to ensure that the fire doesn‘t start up again. The shopping mall had not been in use since 2002.【4】In 2014 City Hall developed a plan to knock down the building and replace it with affordable housing. However the plan was dropped due to lack of funds.Question 3：What does the news item say about the fire? Question4：What had City Hall planned to do? News 3 【5】Potato chips in Japan are being sold for 6X their normal price.This is after the country‘s main manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage. Storms and floods and its main potato growing region last year caused the worst harvest and more than 3 decades. Local media reports suggest Calbee and its main rival Koike-ya are halting almost 50 products.“We don‘t know when we’ll be able to restart”， a company spokesman said. Snack lovers are panic buying and many supermarket shelves are bare. Japanese laws limit the amount of imported potatoes that can be used in Japanese made products.【6】Japan says fear of disease is its main reason to block fresh imports. It still only allows potatoes from selected US states. This is only at certain times and on condition that they are processed at factories based near Japanese ports.【7】But global warming has raised the possibility that domestic produce could be seriously affected by rare weather events more often.Question 5：What problem is Japan facing? 5. 【解析】本题依旧采⽤新闻⾸句出题原则，且出现时间定位词after和原因定位词dueto Question 6：Why does Japan limit the import of potatoes? 6.【解析】本题直接采⽤定位词原则，新闻表达定位词says后直接听到什么选什么.由Japan says fear of disease is its main reason to block fresh imports可知 Question 7：What might affect Japanese domestic produce? 7. 【解析】本题为新闻末尾句出题原则，直接转折类定位词but后听到什么选什么.由But global warming has raised the possibility that domestic produce could be seriously affected by rare weather events more often可知 Conversation 1 M：【8】Mr. Brown‘s lectures are so boring.W： Yes， he is not a very exciting speaker. But the subject is interesting.M： During every one of his lectures， I try to listen I really try.Butafter about 10 minutes my mind begins to wander and I lose concentration. But I see that you seem to be OK. How do you stay focused through the entire hour? W：【9】Well， what I do is keep my pen moving.M： What do you mean? W： It‘s a method of active concentration I read about.One of the most effective ways to concentrate is to write things down.But it has to be done by hand， not typing on a keyboard. You see writing by hand forces you to actually engage with what you’re learning in a more physical way.M： Do you review your notes afterwards then? W： Sometimes but that‘s not important. My notes may or may not be useful but the point is that by writing down what Mr. Brand says I can follow his line of thinking more easily. In fact， sometimes I draw a little too.M：You draw in class and that helps me pay attention? W： Yes， honestly it works for me. I just draw little lines and nonsense really. It was also in that article I read.【10】It can keep the mind active， prevent getting bored and help to concentrate.Again the point is to listen hard while keeping the pen moving. If I‘m at home and I need to study what I do is read out loud.【11】It has a similar effect to writing by hand. It helps memorize information in a physical way. Question 8: What does the man think of Mr. Brown’s lectures? 8.【解析】前两组对话第⼀题原则.Question 9: What does the woman do during Mr. Brown’s lectures? 9.【解析】语⽓词定位词well Question 10: Why does the woman draw in class? 10.【解析】前有逻辑类定位词so Question 11: What does the woman say about reading out loud? 11.【解析】对话末尾句出题原则 Conversation 2 M： And where is this? F ：【12】These photos are from the Taj Mahal in India. We went there about ten years ago for our honeymoon. M： Was it romantic. F： Yeah. The Taj Mahal was a very romantic place. The guide told us there is a famous love story behind this building that all Indians learn in school. I think it was during the 1600 and the princess at that time died while giving birth to her 14th child.【13】The Emperor loved the princess so much and was so sad when she died that he ordered the palace to be built in her honor. M： Wow ! That sounds very romantic. It looks amazing. F：【14】Yes it‘s gorgeous. It’s also larger in real life than it looks in the photos. The building is very tall and there are gardens in a wall around it all. It‘s all built in this white stone and some walls of the building are decorated with jewels. M ：It must have been very crowded when you were there. F：Yes it‘s a very famous tourist destination. So there are thousands of visitors every day. M： Was the rest of India crowded? F：【15】Yes， very crowded in many cities. It was sometimes so crowded that it was difficult to walk along the streets especially through busy markets. And there are so many cars. Traffic was terrible but the people were friendly. The culture is amazing and we had a great time. M：What about the food? F： the Indian food is great. There are lots of different dishes to try and every region has its own special food. Question 12. For what purpose did the woman go to India? 12.【解析】前两组对话出答案，直接听到什么选什么. Question 13. Why was the Taj Mahal built? 13.【解析】定位词so重复出现表强调. Question 14. What does the woman say about the Taj Mahal? 14.【解析】极端类定位词all Question 15 what is the woman‘s impression of Indian cities? 15.【解析】本题可以直接采⽤重复原则crowded. Passage 1 【16】A Pew Research Center survey of more than 1000 Americans conducted in April 2016 finds that Americans continue to express largely positive views about the current state of their local public libraries. For instance, around three quarters say that public libraries provide them with the resources they need and 66 percent say the closing of their localpublic library would have a major impact on their community. Although notably just 33 percent say this would have a major impact on them personally or on their family.A majority of Americans feel libraries are doing a good job of providing a safe place for people to hang out or spend time as well as opening up educational opportunities for people of all ages and【17】roughly half think their libraries contribute a lot to their communities in terms of helping spark creativity among young people and providing a trusted place for people to learn about new technologies. As in past Pew Research Center surveys of library use the 【18】April 2016 survey also measured Americans usage of and engagement with libraries.Overall， 53 percent of Americans ages 16 and older have had some interaction with the puppet library in the past year either through an in person visit or using a library Web site some 48 percent of adults specifically visited a library in the past 12 months. A modest increase from the 44 percent who said that in late 2015.Question 16：What do most Americans say about local public libraries? 16.【解析】表达类定位词find Question 17：how can local public libraries benefit young people? 17.【解析】强调类关键词majority Question 18：what does the 2016 survey show about adult library users? 18.【解析】逻辑类关键词also Passage 2 【19】A Savannah cat is a crossbreed between a domestic cat and a medium-sized wild African cat called the Serval.The unusual cross became popular among breeders at the end of the 1990s. And in 2001， the International Cat Association accepted it as a new registered breed.【20】The savannahs are tall and slim and can weigh up to nine point one kilograms， making them one of the largest breeds of cats that people can own.They have a spotted code similar to that of many types of wild cats and their ears are very large.They are also commonly compared to dogs in their loyalty and can be trained to walk on a lead and to fetch， and often noted characteristic of the Savannah is its jumping ability. They are known to jump on top of doors and high cabinets. Some can leap about2.5 metres high from a standing position. Cats are typically known for being very inquisitive and so are the Savannahs. They often learn how to open doors and cupboards. Many Savannah cats do not fear water and will play with or even dive into water.【21】 Some owners even shower with their Savannah Cats， presenting a water bowl to Savannah may also prove a challenge， as some will promptly begin to bat all the water out of the bowl until it is empty using their front paws. Question 19. What do we learn about the savannah cat? 19.【解析】⾸句原则. Question 20. What is characteristic of Savannah cats? Question 21 What do some people do with their Savannah cats? Passage 3 【22】When children start school for the very 1st time parents often feel a sense of excitement coupled with a touch of sadness at the end of an era. This is the start of a new adventure for children playing and interacting with new friends sharing， taking turns and settling into a new routine. But of course， this is not the start of your child‘s education which【23】 in fact began at birth. Back then， u would have been your child’s most influential teachers. During this time at home，ur child would have learnt more than at any other period in their life. During your child‘s first year in school much time will be spent in learning to read and they need to know that this is fun and worthwhile.【24】Ur child will naturally copy u so it is important that u are seen reading and enjoying books newspapers and magazines rather than just absorbed in screens.。

QUESTION BOOKLETTEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS （2018）-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT ： 130 MINPART I DICTATION[10 MIN]Listen to the following passage 。

Altogether the passage will be read to you four times 。

Duringthe first reading ， which will be done at normal speed ， listen and try to understand the meaning 。

For the second and third readings ， the passage will be read sentence by sentence ， or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more. Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE 。

PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION［20 MIN ］SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk 。

You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening,you may look at the task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap 。

英语四级听力常考题型一、背景介绍英语四级听力考试是中国高等教育自学考试的一部分，对英语学习者的听力技能进行考察。

为了帮助考生更好地备考，本文将介绍英语四级听力考试中常见的题型，并给出相应的解题技巧。

二、题型一：单项选择题该题型通过听力材料中的一个问题，提供三至四个选项，要求考生选择与听力内容相符的最佳答案。

解题技巧如下：1. 通读选项：在听力播放前，快速阅读选项，了解问题的背景和选项的内容，为听力理解做好铺垫。

2. 注意关键词：听力过程中，注意抓住问题中的关键词，然后将其与选项进行对照，找到最相关的选项。

三、题型二：填空题该题型通过听力材料中的一段对话或独白，提供若干个空格，要求考生根据听力内容填写正确的词语或短语。

解题技巧如下：1. 预测答案：在填空题出现前，先通读题目，了解空格所需填入的类型（名词、动词、形容词等），然后根据对话或独白的内容预测可能出现的答案。

2. 注意上下文逻辑：在填写答案时，要根据上下文逻辑，确保所填内容在句子中具有意义和语法准确性。

四、题型三：对话理解题该题型通过听力材料中的一段对话，提供多个选择题，要求考生根据对话内容选择正确答案。

解题技巧如下：1. 分析角色：在听对话前，注意对话中人物的身份、职业、兴趣等信息，以便更好地理解对话内容。

2. 注意细节：在听对话时，留意对话中的关键细节，如日期、时间、地点、人物关系等，以找出正确的答案。

五、题型四：听力长对话和独白该题型通过听力材料中的一段长对话或独白，提供一系列问题，要求考生根据听力内容回答问题。

解题技巧如下：1. 总体把握：在听长对话或独白时，要以整体把握为主，了解主题和大致内容，不必刻意追求每个细节。

2. 记录关键信息：在听力进行过程中，记录关键信息，如人物名称、时间、地点等，以便回答问题时参考。

六、题型五：听写题该题型通过听力材料中的一段短文或句子，要求考生将所听到的内容准确无误地写下来。

解题技巧如下：1. 攻克生词：在听写前，可事先查找材料中可能出现的生词，了解其发音和意义，减少听写时的困扰。