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SAS数据导入汇总

SAS数据导入汇总
SAS数据导入汇总

SAS

SAS DATA Step / Viewtable

1.Internal raw data- Datalines or Cards

2.External Raw data files- Infile + Input ;

SAS DATA Step / PROC IMPORT

1.SAS SAS

data sasuser.saslin;

set "F:\sas1.sas7bdat";

run;

proc contents data=sasuser.saslin;

run;

2.SAS PROC IMPORT /

proc import datafile = "c:\data\hsb2.sav" out= work.hsb2;

run;

proc contents data=hsb2;

run;

SAS SAS recognizes the file type to be imported by file extension.

SAS256

256Infile LRECL=n

List

SAS

List Input

1

2

38

4

INPUT Name $ Age Height;

List

SAS Column

Colunm

E

List Column

1

2

3

4

INPUT Name $ 1-10 Age 11-13 Height 14-18;

$informat w.

informat w.d

Datew.

(1)

$CHARw.

$HEXw. 16

$w.

(2)

DATEw. ddmmmyy ddmmmyyyy

DATETIMEw. ddmmmyy hh:mm:ss.ss

DDMMYYw. ddmmyy ddmmyyyy

JULIANw. yyddd yyyyddd Julia

MMDDYYw. mmddyy mmddyyyy

TIMEw. hh:mm:ss.ss

(3)

COMMAw.d $

HEXw. 16

IBw.d

PERCENTw.

w.d

INPUT Name $16. Age 3. +1 Type $1. +1 Date MMDDYY10.

(Score1 Score2 Score3 Score4 Score5) (4.1);

+n n n

@n

INPUT ParkName $ 1-22 State $ Year @40 Acreage COMMA9.;

Breed

My dog Sam Breed: Rottweiler Vet Bills: $478

1SAS Rottweil

Breed DogBreed

2SAS Rottweiler Vet Bill

Breed: DogBreed20

3SAS Rottweiler

Breed:

DogBreed 20

SAS

n

INPUT City $ State $ / NormalHigh NormalLow #3 RecordHigh RecordLow;

Input

@@

SAS

INPUT City $ State $ NormalRain MeanDaysRain @@;

SAS

INPUT

@

SAS

IF

INPUT

INPUT Type $ @;

INPUT Name $ 9-38 AMTraffic PMTraffic; @ & @@ (1)

(2) @SAS

@@

INFILE

1FIRSTOBS=n : n

2OBS=n n

3INPUT

SAS

INPUT

SAS

MISSOVER

TRUNCOVER

column

TRUNCOVER SAS

DATA

INFILE DLM= DSD

1The DLM= option

Tab

2The DSD option

SAS

IMPORT

IMPORT

1

2

3

4SAS

5

6

-set;

SAS

DLM IMPORT DBMS=option

SAS REPLACE

-set DBMS=identifier REPLACE;

IMPORT

IMPORT GETNAMES=NO

IMPORT

DILIMITER=statement

PRO-set

DBMS=DLM REPLACE;

GETNAMES=NO;

-

RUN;

IMPORT PC

-set

DBMS=identifier REPLACE;

SAS

PROC CONTENTS DATA=data-set;

CONTENTS SAS

1

2

1.cars_novname.csv

Acura,MDX,SUV,Asia,All,"$36,945 ","$33,337 ",3.5,6,265,17,23,4451,106,189 Acura,RSX Type S 2dr,Sedan,Asia,Front,"$23,820 ","$21,761

",2,4,200,24,31,2778,101,172

Acura,TSX 4dr,Sedan,Asia,Front,"$26,990 ","$24,647 ",2.4,4,200,22,29,3230,105,183 Acura,TL 4dr,Sedan,Asia,Front,"$33,195 ","$30,299 ",3.2,6,270,20,28,3575,108,186 Acura,3.5 RL 4dr,Sedan,Asia,Front,"$43,755 ","$39,014

",3.5,6,225,18,24,3880,115,197

proc import datafile="cars_novname.csv" out=mydata dbms=csv replace;

getnames=no;

run;

proc contents data=mydata;

run;

SAS creates default variable names as VAR1-VARn when variables names are not present in the raw data file.

2.

proc import datafile="cars.txt" out=mydata dbms=tab replace;

getnames=no;

run;

3.

libname dis "c:\dissertation";

proc import datafile="cars.txt" out=dis.mydata dbms=dlm replace;

delimiter='09'x;

getnames=yes;

run;

3.

proc import datafile="cars_sp.txt" out=mydata dbms=dlm replace;

getnames=no;

run;

4.

Other kinds of delimiters

You can use delimiter= on the infile statement to tell SAS what delimiter you are using to separate variables in your raw data file. For example, below we have a raw data file that uses exclamation points ! to separate the variables in the file.

22!2930!4099

17!3350!4749

22!2640!3799

20!3250!4816

15!4080!7827

The example below shows how to read this file by using delimiter='!' on the infile statement.

DATA cars;

INFILE 'readdel1.txt' DELIMITER='!' ;

INPUT mpg weight price;

RUN;

PROC PRINT DATA=cars;

RUN;

As you can see in the output below, the data was read properly.

OBS MPG WEIGHT PRICE

1 2

2 2930 4099

2 17 3350 4749

3 22 2640 3799

4 20 3250 4816

5 15 4080 7827

It is possible to use multiple delimiters. The example file below uses either exclamation points or plus signs as delimiters.

22!2930!4099

17+3350+4749

22!2640!3799

20+3250+4816

15+4080!7827

By using delimiter='!+' on the infile statement, SAS will recognize both of these as valid delimiters.

DATA cars;

INFILE 'readdel2.txt' DELIMITER='!+' ;

INPUT mpg weight price;

RUN;

PROC PRINT DATA=cars;

RUN;

As you can see in the output below, the data was read properly.

OBS MPG WEIGHT PRICE

1 2

2 2930 4099

2 17 3350 4749

3 22 2640 3799

4 20 3250 4816

5 15 4080 7827

import

Proc import does not know the formats for your variables, but it is able to guess the format based on what the beginning of your dataset looks like. Most of the time, this guess is fine. But if the length of a variable differs from beginning to end of your file, you might end up with some truncated values.

-Infile options

For more complicated file layouts, refer to the infile options described below.

DLM=

The dlm= option can be used to specify the delimiter that separates the variables in your raw data file. For example, dlm=','indicates a comma is the delimiter (e.g., a comma

separated file, .csv file). Or, dlm='09'x indicates that tabs are used to separate your variables (e.g., a tab separated file).

DSD

The dsd option has 2 functions. First, it recognizes two consecutive delimiters as a missing value. For example, if your file contained the line 20,30,,50 SAS will treat this as 20 30 50 but with the the dsd option SAS will treat it as 20 30 . 50 , which is probably what you intended. Second, it allows you to include the delimiter within quoted strings. For example, you would want to use the dsd option if you had a comma separated file and your data included values like "George Bush, Jr.". With the dsd option, SAS will recognize that the comma in "George Bush, Jr." is part of the name, and not a separator indicating a new variable.

FIRSTOBS=

This option tells SAS what on what line you want it to start reading your raw data file. If the first record(s) contains header information such as variable names, then set

firstobs=n where n is the record number where the data actually begin. For example, if you are reading a comma separated file or a tab separated file that has the variable names on the first line, then use firstobs=2 to tell SAS to begin reading at the second line (so it will ignore the first line with the names of the variables).

MISSOVER

This option prevents SAS from going to a new input line if it does not find values for all of the variables in the current line of data. For example, you may be reading a space delimited file and that is supposed to have 10 values per line, but one of the line had only 9 values. Without the missover option, SAS will look for the 10th value on the next line of data. If your data is supposed to only have one observation for each line of raw data, then this could cause errors throughout the rest of your data file. If you have a

raw data file that has one record per line, this option is a prudent method of trying to keep such errors from cascading through the rest of your data file.

OBS=

Indicates which line in your raw data file should be treated as the last record to be read by SAS. This is a good option to use for testing your program. For example, you might use obs=100 to just read in the first 100 lines of data while you are testing your program. When you want to read the entire file, you can remove the obs= option entirely.

A typical infile statement for reading a comma delimited file that contains the variable names in the first line of data would be:

INFILE "test.txt" DLM=',' DSD MISSOVER FIRSTOBS=2 ;

DATA cars2;

length make $ 20 ;

INFILE 'readdsd.txt' DELIMITER=',' DSD ;

INPUT make mpg weight price;

RUN;

PROC PRINT DATA=cars2;

RUN;

48,'Bill Clinton',210

50,'George Bush, Jr.',180

DATA guys2;

length name $ 20 ;

INFILE 'readdsd2.txt' DELIMITER=',' DSD ;

INPUT age name weight ;

RUN;

PROC PRINT DATA=guys2;

RUN;

DATA cars2;

length nf 8;

INFILE 'F:\cars1.csv' DELIMITER=',' dsd MISSOVER firstobs=2 ;

INPUT nf zh hh xb cs IHA fj;

RUN;

PROC PRINT DATA=cars2;

RUN;

FTP

read raw data via FTP in SAS?

SAS has the ability to read raw data directly from FTP servers. Normally, you would use FTP to download the data to your local computer and then use SAS to read the data stored on your local computer. SAS allows you to bypass the FTP step and read the data directly from the other computer via FTP without the intermediate step of downloading the raw data file to your computer. Of course, this assumes that you can reach the computer via the internet at the time you run your SAS program. The program below illustrates how to do this. After the filename in you put ftp to tell SAS to access the data via FTP. After that, you supply the name of the file (in this case 'gpa.txt'. lrecl= is used to specify the width of your data. Be sure to choose a value that is at least as wide as your widest record. cd= is used to specify the directory from where the file is stored. host= is used to specify the name of the site to which you want to FTP. user= is used to

provide your userid (or anonymous if connecting via anonymous FTP). pass= is used to supply your password (or your email address if connecting via anonymous FTP).

FILENAME in FTP 'gpa.txt' LRECL=80

CD='/local2/samples/sas/ats/'

HOST='https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,'

USER='joebruin'

PASS='yourpassword' ;

DATA gpa ;

INFILE in ;

INPUT gpa hsm hss hse satm satv gender ;

RUN;

PROC PRINT DATA=gpa(obs=10) ;

RUN;

quarter1.dat

1 120321 1236 154669 211326

1 326264 1326 163354 312665

1 420698 1327 142336 422685

1 211368 1236 156327 655237

1 378596 1429 145678 366578

quarter2.dat

2 140362 1436 114641 362415

2 157956 1327 124869 345215

2 215547 1472 165578 412567

2 204782 1495 150479 364474

2 232571 1345 135467 332567

quarter3.dat

3 140357 1339 142693 205881

3 14996

4 1420 152367 223795

3 159852 1479 160001 254874

3 139957 1527 163567 263088

3 150047 1602 175561 277552

quarter4.dat

4 479574 1367 155997 36134

4 496207 1459 140396 35941

4 501156 1598 135489 39640

4 532982 1601 143269 38695

4 563222 162

5 147889 39556

filename year ('d:\quarter1.dat' 'd:\quarter2.dat' 'd:\quarter3.dat' 'd:\quarter4.dat'); data temp;

infile year;

input quarter sales tax expenses payroll;

run;

proc print data = temp;

run;

excel

Reading an Excel file into SAS

Suppose that you have an Excel spreadsheet called auto.xls. The data for this spreadsheet are shown below.

MAKE MPG WEIGHT PRICE

AMC Concord 22 2930 4099

AMC Pacer 17 3350 4749

AMC Spirit 22 2640 3799

Buick Century 20 3250 4816

Buick Electra 15 4080 7827

Using the Import Wizard is an easy way to import data into SAS. The Import Wizard can be found on the drop down file menu. Although the Import Wizard is easy it can be time consuming if used repeatedly. The very last screen of the Import Wizard gives you the option to save the statements SAS uses to import the data so that they can be used again. The following is an example that uses common options and also shows that the file was imported correctly.

PROC IMPORT OUT= WORK.auto1

DATAFILE= "C:\auto.xls"

DBMS=EXCEL REPLACE;

SHEET="auto1";

GETNAMES=YES;

MIXED=YES;

USEDATE=YES;

SCANTIME=YES;

RUN;

proc print data=auto1;

run;

Obs MAKE MPG WEIGHT PRICE

1 AMC Concord 2

2 2930 4099

2 AMC Pacer 17 3350 4749

3 Amc Spirit 22 2640 3799

4 Buick Century 20 3250 4816

5 Buick Electra 15 4080 7827

First we use the out= statement to tell SAS where to store the data once they are imported.

Next the datafile= statement tells SAS where to find the file we want to import.

The dbms= statement is used to identify the type of file being imported. This statement is redundant if the file you want to import already has an appropriate file extension, for example *.xls.

The replace statement will overwrite an existing file.

To specify which sheet SAS should import use the sheet="sheetname" statement. The default is for SAS to read the first sheet. Note that sheet names can only be 31 characters long.

The getnames=yes is the default setting and SAS will automatically use the first row of data as variable names. If the first row of your sheet does not contain variable names use the getnames=no.

SAS uses the first eight rows of data to determine whether the variable should be read as character or numeric. The default setting mixed=no assumes that each variable is either all character or all numeric. If you have a variable with both character and numeric values or a variable with missing values use mixed=yes statement to be sure SAS will read it correctly.

Conveniently SAS reads date, time and datetime formats. The usedate=yes is the default statement and SAS will read date or time formatted data as a date. When usedate=no SAS will read date and time formatted data with a datetime format. Keep the default statement scantime=yes to read in time formatted data as long as the variable does not also contain a date format.

Example 1: Making a permanent data file

What if you want the SAS data set created from proc import to be permanent? The answer is to use libname statement. Let's say that we have an Excel file called auto.xls in directory "d:\temp" and we want to convert it into a SAS data file (call it myauto) and put it into the directory "c:\dissertation". Here is what we can do.

libname dis "c:\dissertation";

proc import datafile="d:\temp\auto.xls" out=dis.myauto replace;

run;

Example 2: Reading in a specific sheet

Sometimes you may only want to read a particular sheet from an Excel file instead of the entire Excel file. Let's say that we have a two-sheet Excel file called auto2.xls. The example below shows how to use the option sheet=sheetname to read the second sheet called page2 in it.

proc import datafile="auto2.xls" out=auto1 replace;

sheet="page2";

run;

Example 3: Reading a file without variable names

What if the variables in your Excel file do not have variable names? The answer here is to use the statement getnames=no in proc import. Here is an example showing how to do this.

proc import datafile="a:\faq\auto.xls" out=auto replace;

getnames=no;

run;

Writing Excel files out from SAS

It is very easy to write out an Excel file using proc export in SAS version 8. Consider the following sample data file below.

Obs MAKE MPG WEIGHT PRICE

1 AMC 2

2 2930 4099

2 AMC 17 3350 4749

3 AMC 22 2640 3799

4 Buick 20 3250 4816

5 Buick 15 4080 7827

Here is a sample program that writes out an Excel file called mydata.xls into the directory "c:\dissertation".

proc export data=mydata outfile='c:\dissertation\mydata.xls' replace; run;

SAS

1.

data web;

length site $41;

input age site $ hits;

datalines;

12 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,/default.htm 123456

130 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,/index.htm 97654

254 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,/department/index.htm 987654

;

proc print;

run;

Obs site age hits

1 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,/default.htm 1

2 123456

2 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,/index.htm 130 97654

3 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,/department/index.htm 25

4 987654

data web;

input age site & $41. hits;

datalines;

12 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,/default.htm 123456

130 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,/index.htm 97654

254 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,/department/index.htm 987654

;

proc print;

Obs age site hits

1 1

2 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,/default.htm 123456

2 130 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,/index.htm 97654

3 25

4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,/department/index.htm 987654

2.

data fruit;

infile 'C:\messy.txt' delimiter = ' ' dsd;

length fruit $22;

input zip fruit $ pounds;

proc print;

run;

Obs fruit zip pounds

1 apples, grapes kiwi 10034 123456

2 oranges 92626 97654

3 pears apple 2541

4 987654

data fruit;

input zip fruit & $22. pounds;

datalines;

10034 apples, grapes kiwi 123456

92626 oranges 97654

25414 pears apple 987654

;

proc print;

Obs zip fruit pounds

1 10034 apples, grapes kiwi 123456

2 92626 oranges 97654

3 2541

4 pears apple 987654

read a SAS data file when I don't have its format library

If you try to use a SAS data file that has permanent formats but you don't have the format library, you will get errors like this.

ERROR: The format $MAKEF was not found or could not be loaded.

ERROR: The format FORGNF was not found or could not be loaded.

Without the format library, SAS will not permit you to do anything with the data file. However, if you use options nofmterr; at the top of your program, SAS will go ahead and process the file despite the fact that it does not have the format library. You will not be able to see the formatted values for your variables, but you will be able to process your data file. Here is an example.

OPTIONS nofmterr;

libname in "c:\";

PROC FREQ DATA=in.auto;

TABLES foreign make;

RUN;

The following program creates exactly the same file, but is a more efficient program because SAS only reads the desired variables.

SAS常用函数大全

一、数学函数 ABS(x) 求x的绝对值。 MAX(x1,x2,…,xn) 求所有自变量中的最大一个。 MIN(x1,x2,…,xn) 求所有自变量中的最小一个。 MOD(x,y) 求x除以y的余数。 SQRT(x) 求x的平方根。 ROUND(x,eps) 求x按照eps指定的精度四舍五入后的结果,比如 ROUND(5654.5654,0.01) 结果为5654.57,ROUND(5654.5654,10)结果为5650。 CEIL(x) 求大于等于x的最小整数。当x为整数时就是x本身,否则为x右边最近的整数。 FLOOR(x) 求小于等于x的最大整数。当x为整数时就是x本身,否则为x左边最近的整数。 INT(x) 求x扔掉小数部分后的结果。 FUZZ(x) 当x与其四舍五入整数值相差小于1E-12时取四舍五入。 LOG(x) 求x的自然对数。 LOG10(x) 求x的常用对数。 EXP(x) 指数函数。 SIN(x), COS(x), TAN(x) 求x的正弦、余弦、正切函数。 ARSIN(y) 计算函数y=sin(x)在区间的反函数,y取[-1,1]间值。 ARCOS(y) 计算函数y=cos(x)在的反函数,y取[-1,1]间值。 ATAN(y) 计算函数y=tan(x)在的反函数,y取间值。 SINH(x), COSH(x), TANH(x) 双曲正弦、余弦、正切 ERF(x) 误差函数 GAMMA(x) 完全函数

此外还有符号函数SIGN,函数一阶导数函数DIGAMMA,二阶导数函数TRIGAMMA ,误差函数余函数ERFC,函数自然对数LGAMMA,ORDINAL函数,AIRY 函数,DAIRY 函数,Bessel函数JBESSEL,修正的Bessel函数IBESSEL,等等。 二、数组函数 数组函数计算数组的维数、上下界,有利于写出可移植的程序。数组函数包括: DIM(x) 求数组x第一维的元素的个数(注意当下界为1时元素个数与上界相同,否则元素个数不一定与上界相同)。 DIM k(x) 求数组x第k维的元素的个数。 LBOUND(x) 求数组x第一维的下界。 HBOUND(x) 求数组x第一维的上界。 LBOUND k(x) 求数组x第 k维的下界。 HBOUND k(x) 求数组x第 k维的上界。 三、字符函数 较重要的字符函数有: TRIM(s) 返回去掉字符串s的尾随空格的结果。 UPCASE(s) 把字符串s中所有小写字母转换为大写字母后的结果。 LOWCASE(s) 把字符串s中所有大写字母转换为小写字母后的结果。 INDEX(s,s1) 查找s1在s中出现的位置。找不到时返回0。 RANK(s) 字符s的ASCII码值。 BYTE(n) 第n个ASCII码值的对应字符。 REPEAT(s,n) 字符表达式s重复n次。

SAS软件对数据集一些简单操作

SAS软件对数据集一些简单操作Libname AA 'd:\SAS'; Data AA.feng; Input a b c; cards; 3 4 56 64 43 34 累加 DATA A; INPUT X Y @@; S+X; CARDS; 3 5 7 9 20 21 ; PROC PRINT; RUN; ; run; DATA D1; INFILE ‘C:FIT.TXT' INPUT NUM $ 1-4 SEX $ 5 H 6-9 W 10-11; RUN; 建立数据集求均值 data a; input name$sex$math chinese@@; cards; 张三男82 96 刘四女81 98 王五男90 92 黄六女92 92 ; proc print data=a; proc means data=a mean; var math chinese; run; 保留列 data b; set a; keep name math; run; 丢弃列 data b; set b;

drop name; run; 条件选择 data c; set a; if math>90 and chinese>90; run; 把超过九十分改为90分data aa; set a; if chinese>90 then chinese=90; run; 筛选行 data aaa ; set a(firstobs=2 obs=3); run; 拆分男女 data a1 a2; set a; select(sex); when('男')output a1; when('女')output a2; otherwise put sex='wrong'; end; drop sex; run; 合并 data new; set a1(in=male) a2(in=female); if male=1 then sex=''; if female=1 then sex=''; run; 纵向合并Set 横向合并merge 重命名rename 改标志label 排序语句 proc sort data=a out=b; by sex;

SAS学习系列26 Logistic回归

26. Logistic回归 (一)Logistic回归 一、原理 二元或多元线性回归的因变量都是连续型变量,若因变量是分类变量(例如:患病与不患病;不重要、重要、非常重要),就需要用Logistic回归。 Logistic回归分析可以从统计意义上估计出在其它自变量固定不变的情况下,每个自变量对因变量取某个值的概率的数值影响大小。 Logistic回归模型有“条件”与“非条件”之分,前者适用于配对病例对照资料的分析,后者适用于队列研究或非配对的病例-对照研究成组资料的分析。 对于二分类因变量,y=1表示事件发生;y=0表示事件不发生。事件发生的条件概率P{ y=1 | x i } 与x i之间是非线性关系,通常是单调的,即随着x i的增加/减少,P{ y=1 | x i } 也增加/减少。 Logistic函数F(x)=,图形如下图所示:

该函数值域在(0,1)之间,x趋于-∞时,F(x)趋于0;x趋于+∞时,F(x)趋于1. 正好适合描述概率P{ y=1 | x i }. 例如,某因素x导致患病与否:x在某一水平段内变化时,对患病概率的影响较大;而在x较低或较高时对患病概率影响都不大。 记事件发生的条件概率P{ y=1 | x i } = p i,则 p i == 记事件不发生的条件概率为 1- p i = 则在条件x i下,事件发生概率与事件不发生概率之比为 = 称为事件的发生比,简记为odds. 对odds取自然对数得到 上式左边(对数发生比)记为Logit(y), 称为y的Logit变换。可见变

换之后的Logit(y)就可以用线性回归,计算出回归系数α和β值。 若分类因变量y 与多个自变量x i 有关,则变换后Logit(y)可由多元线性回归: 11logit()ln()1k k p p x x p αββ==++- 或 111() 1(1|, ,)1k k k x x p y x x e αββ-++==+ 二、回归参数的解释 1. 三个名词 发生比(odds )= = 例如,事件发生概率为0.6,不发生概率为0.4,则发生比为1.5(发生比>1,表示事件更可能发生)。 发生比率(OR )= = = = 即主对角线乘积/副对角线乘积,也称为交叉积比率,优势比。例如, 说明:大于1(小于1)的发生比率,表明事件发生的可能性会提高(降低),或自变量对事件概率有正(负)的作用;发生比率为1表示变量对事件概率无作用。

《SAS数据分析范例》(SAS数据集)

《SAS数据分析范例》数据集 目录 表1 sas.bd1 (3) 表2 sas.bd3 (4) 表3 sas.bd4 (5) 表4 sas.belts (6) 表5 sas.c1d2 (7) 表6 sas.c7d31 (8) 表7 sas.dead0 (9) 表8 sas.dqgy (10) 表9 sas.dqjyjf (11) 表10 sas.dqnlmy3 (12) 表11 sas.dqnlmy (13) 表12 sas.dqrjsr (14) 表13 sas.dqrk (15) 表14 sas.gjxuexiao0 (16) 表15 sas.gnsczzgc (17) 表16 sas.gnsczzs (18) 表17 sas.gr08n01 (19) 表18 sas.iris (20) 表19 sas.jmcxck0 (21) 表20 sas.jmjt052 (22) 表21 sas.jmjt053 (23) 表22 sas.jmjt054 (24) 表23 sas.jmjt055 (25) 表24 sas.jmxfsps (26) 表25 sas.jmxfspzs0 (27) 表26 sas.jmxfzss (28) 表27 sas.jmxfzst (29) 表28 sas.kscj2 (30) 表29 sas.modeclu4 (31) 表30 sas.ms8d1 (32) 表31 sas.nlmyzzs (33) 表32 sas.plates (34) 表33 sas.poverty (35) 表34 sas.rjnycpcl0 (36) 表35 sas.rjsrs (37) 表36 sas.sanmao (38) 表37 sas.sczz1 (39) 表38 sas.sczz06s (40) 表39 sas.sczz (41) 表40 sas.sczzgc1 (42)

SAS函数介绍

Functions and CALL Routines by Category Categories and Descriptions of Functions Category Function Description Array DIM Returns the number of elements in an array HBOUND Returns the upper bound of an array LBOUND Returns the lower bound of an array Bitwise Logical Operations BAND Returns the bitwise logical AND of two arguments BLSHIFT Returns the bitwise logical left shift of two arguments BNOT Returns the bitwise logical NOT of an argument BOR Returns the bitwise logical OR of two arguments BRSHIFT Returns the bitwise logical right shift of two arguments BXOR Returns the bitwise logical EXCLUSIVE OR of two arguments Character String Matching CALL RXCHANGE Changes one or more substrings that match a pattern CALL RXFREE Frees memory allocated by other regular expression_r(RX) functions and CALL routines CALL RXSUBSTR Finds the position, length, and score of a substring that matches a pattern RXMA TCH Finds the beginning of a substring that matches a pattern and returns a value RXPARSE Parses a pattern and returns a value Character BYTE Returns one character in the ASCII or the EBCDIC collating sequence COLLATE Returns an ASCII or EBCDIC collating sequence character string COMPBL Removes multiple blanks from a character string COMPRESS Removes specific characters from a character string DEQUOTE Removes quotation marks from a character value INDEX Searches a character expression for a string of characters INDEXC Searches a character expression for specific characters INDEXW Searches a character expression for a specified string as a word

SAS数据集操作

目录 SAS 数据集操作 2014年03月28日 1.合并 2.删选,修改 3.查询 PPT 模板下载:https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,/moban/

1 数据集的合并: (1)纵向合并:添加或合并样本变量 (2)横向合并:添加或合并(指标)变量

(1)数据集纵向合并:可以添加或合并样本变量 形式: data 合并后数据名; set 数据名1 数据名2 ; run; 例:将名为male、female 的两个数据集纵向合并成一个名为total 的数据集data total; set male female; proc print data=total; run; /*若male 与female 变量名不同则total 的变量名为两者之并,数据值以缺失值形式出现*/

(2)数据集横向合并:添加或合并(指标)变量 形式: data 合并后数据名; merge 数据名1 数据名2 ; by 共有变量名; run; 例:将名为dataONE 和data TWO 的两个数据集按共有变量pid 横向合并成数据集total2 (以下程序以data total2 名义保存)

data one; input pid sex$ age; cards; 101 m 54 105 w 36 102 m 43 104 w 45 ; data two; input pid weight height; cards; 105 54 163 102 63 174 103 57 173 104 45 156 ;

proc sort data=one;/*必须先对共有变量(本例中pid)分别排序才能横向合并*/ by pid; /* 排序语句proc sort data=被排序变量所在数据集名; by 被排序变量名;排序时默认数值由小到大字母由先而后*/ proc sort data=two; /*必须先对共有变量(本例中pid)分别排序才能横向合并*/ by pid; /*以下为合并过程*/ data total2; /*合并后数据名*/ merge one two; /*形式: merge 被合并数据集名1 被合并数据集名2; */ 注意输出结果中的缺省值,输入数据时若有缺省分量一定要以. 表示,否则SAS 会将该行数据自行删除*/ by pid; proc print data=total2; run;

sas函数大全

sas函数大全 一、数学函数 ABS(x) 求x的绝对值。 MAX(x1,x2,…,xn) 求所有自变量中的最大一个。 MIN(x1,x2,…,xn) 求所有自变量中的最小一个。 MOD(x,y) 求x除以y的余数。 SQRT(x) 求x的平方根。 ROUND(x,eps) 求x按照eps指定的精度四舍五入后的结果,比如ROUND(5654.5654,0.01) 结果为5654.57,ROUND(5654.5654,10)结果为5650。 CEIL(x) 求大于等于x的最小整数。当x为整数时就是x本身,否则为x右边最近的整数。FLOOR(x) 求小于等于x的最大整数。当x为整数时就是x本身,否则为x左边最近的整数。 INT(x) 求x扔掉小数部分后的结果。 FUZZ(x) 当x与其四舍五入整数值相差小于1E-12时取四舍五入。 LOG(x) 求x的自然对数。 LOG10(x) 求x的常用对数。 EXP(x) 指数函数。 SIN(x), COS(x), TAN(x) 求x的正弦、余弦、正切函数。 ARSIN(y) 计算函数y=sin(x)在区间的反函数,y取[-1,1]间值。 ARCOS(y) 计算函数y=cos(x)在的反函数,y取[-1,1]间值。 ATAN(y) 计算函数y=tan(x)在的反函数,y取间值。 SINH(x), COSH(x), TANH(x) 双曲正弦、余弦、正切 ERF(x) 误差函数 GAMMA(x) 完全函数 此外还有符号函数SIGN,函数一阶导数函数DIGAMMA,二阶导数函数TRIGAMMA ,误差函数余函数ERFC,函数自然对数LGAMMA,ORDINAL函数,AIRY 函数,DAIRY函数,Bessel函数JBESSEL,修正的Bessel函数IBESSEL,等等。 二、数组函数 数组函数计算数组的维数、上下界,有利于写出可移植的程序。数组函数包括: DIM(x) 求数组x第一维的元素的个数(注意当下界为1时元素个数与上界相同,否则元素个数不一定与上界相同)。 DIM k(x) 求数组x第k维的元素的个数。 LBOUND(x) 求数组x第一维的下界。 HBOUND(x) 求数组x第一维的上界。 LBOUND k(x) 求数组x第 k维的下界。 HBOUND k(x) 求数组x第 k维的上界。 三、字符函数 较重要的字符函数有: TRIM(s) 返回去掉字符串s的尾随空格的结果。 UPCASE(s) 把字符串s中所有小写字母转换为大写字母后的结果。 LOWCASE(s) 把字符串s中所有大写字母转换为小写字母后的结果。 INDEX(s,s1) 查找s1在s中出现的位置。找不到时返回0。 RANK(s) 字符s的ASCII码值。 BYTE(n) 第n个ASCII码值的对应字符。 REPEAT(s,n) 字符表达式s重复n次。 SUBSTR(s,p,n) 从字符串s中的第p个字符开始抽取n个字符长的子串

SAS介绍和SAS数据集

SAS系统
SAS系统介绍
SAS系统是用于数据分析与决策支持的大
邓 伟 2013.11 wdeng@https://www.doczj.com/doc/a25801556.html,
型集成式模块化软件包。 其早期的名称Statistical Analysis Software 统计分析软件→大型集成应用系统 商业智能(BI)和分析挖掘(DM)
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SAS系统是用于决策支持 的大型集成信息系统
SAS系统主要完成以数据为中心的四大任务: 数据访问 数据管理 数据呈现 数据分析
SAS历史
SAS成立于1976年,是全球最大的私人软件公司(预 打包软件),全球十大独立软件供应商之一 1966年 美国北卡州立大学 Jim Barr and Jim
Goodnight
1972年 推出SAS72供大学使用 1976年 创立公司
SAS软件研究所(SAS Institute Inc.) 举办第一个SUGI (SAS Users Group International) 会议 Base SAS 软件上市 与IBM建立合作伙伴关系
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SAS历史
1985 第一个PC DOS SAS System 版本(Base SAS 和SAS/RTERM 软件)取得成功 1986面向个人计算机的SAS/IML 和SAS/STAT 软 件上市 1992
决策支持功能扩展到以下领域:指导性数据分析、临床 试验分析和报告、财务电子表格和英语查询 SAS第一个垂直市场软件:制药行业的临床审查系统上 市
SAS历史
1995 SAS 成为真正的端到端数据仓库解决 方案唯一的供应商,推出Rapid Warehousing Program 1999 美国食品和药品管理局选择SAS开发的 技术,作为接收和归档电子数据的标准
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一些常用的SAS命令

常用SAS命令 1. SAS的子窗口主要有浏览器窗口(EXPLORER)、结果窗口(RESULTS)、程序编辑器窗口(program editor)、日志窗口(log)、输出窗口(output); 2.切换至日志窗口的命令是log、热键是F6;切换至输出窗口的命令是output、热键是F7; 3.提交SAS程序的命令是submit; 4. SAS系统是大型集成软件系统,具备完备的数据访问、管理、分析和呈现及应用开发功能; 5. SAS数据集是一类由SAS系统建立、维护和管理的数据文件; 6.为了实现存储和管理面向对象的开发任务,SAS建立目录册(catalog)类型的文件,在这一类文件中可以存储整个应用系统,包括它的界面,源程序和各种对象间的连接; 7. SAS逻辑库是一个逻辑概念,一个逻辑库就是存放在同一文件夹或

几个文件夹中的一组SAS文件; 8.在SAS软件系统的信息组织中,总共只有两个层次:SAS逻辑库是高一级的层次,低一级的层次就是SAS文件本身; 9.在SAS系统中,为便于访问一个SAS文件,要为该SAS文件所在的位置指定一个SAS逻辑库,即赋予一个逻辑库名,在指定逻辑库名后,就可使用两级命名的方式引用SAS文件:逻辑库名.文件名; 10.在每个SAS进程一开始,系统就自动地指定了一些逻辑库供用户使用,它们是WORK、SASHELP和SASUSER; 11.在每个SAS进程开始时系统缺省地创建名为work的SAS逻辑库,它是一个临时逻辑库,在引用WORK库中的SAS文件时,可省略逻辑库名; 12.永久逻辑库是指它的内容在当前SAS进程结束时仍被保留的SAS 逻辑库,在SAS系统中除了库名为WORK以外的逻辑库都是永久库; 13. Sashelp包含所安装SAS系统各个产品有关的SAS文件,运行安装的SAS系统所需要的SAS文件缺省地存储在这个逻辑库中;

sas常用函数

Sas常用函数(转) 一、数学函数 ABS(x) 求x的绝对值。 MAX(x1,x2,…,xn) 求所有自变量中的最大一个。 MIN(x1,x2,…,xn) 求所有自变量中的最小一个。 MOD(x,y) 求x除以y的余数。 SQRT(x) 求x的平方根。 ROUND(x,eps) 求x按照eps指定的精度四舍五入后的结果,比如ROUND(5654.5654,0.01) 结果为5654.57,ROUND(5654.5654,10)结果为5650。 CEIL(x) 求大于等于x的最小整数。当x为整数时就是x本身,否则为x右边最近的整数。 FLOOR(x) 求小于等于x的最大整数。当x为整数时就是x本身,否则为x左边最近的整数。 INT(x) 求x扔掉小数部分后的结果。 FUZZ(x) 当x与其四舍五入整数值相差小于1E-12时取四舍五入。 LOG(x) 求x的自然对数。 LOG10(x) 求x的常用对数。 EXP(x) 指数函数。 SIN(x), COS(x), TAN(x) 求x的正弦、余弦、正切函数。 ARSIN(y) 计算函数y=sin(x)在区间的反函数,y取[-1,1]间值。 ARCOS(y) 计算函数y=cos(x)在的反函数,y取[-1,1]间值。 ATAN(y) 计算函数y=tan(x)在的反函数,y取间值。 SINH(x), COSH(x), TANH(x) 双曲正弦、余弦、正切 ERF(x) 误差函数 GAMMA(x) 完全函数

此外还有符号函数SIGN,函数一阶导数函数DIGAMMA,二阶导数函数TRIGAMMA ,误差函数余函数ERFC,函数自然对数LGAMMA,ORDINAL函数,AIRY 函数,DAIRY函数,Bessel 函数JBESSEL,修正的Bessel函数IBESSEL,等等。 二、数组函数 数组函数计算数组的维数、上下界,有利于写出可移植的程序。数组函数包括: DIM(x) 求数组x第一维的元素的个数(注意当下界为1时元素个数与上界相同,否则元素个数不一定与上界相同)。 DIM k(x) 求数组x第k维的元素的个数。 LBOUND(x) 求数组x第一维的下界。 HBOUND(x) 求数组x第一维的上界。 LBOUND k(x) 求数组x第k维的下界。 HBOUND k(x) 求数组x第k维的上界。 三、字符函数 较重要的字符函数有: TRIM(s) 返回去掉字符串s的尾随空格的结果。 UPCASE(s) 把字符串s中所有小写字母转换为大写字母后的结果。 LOWCASE(s) 把字符串s中所有大写字母转换为小写字母后的结果。 INDEX(s,s1) 查找s1在s中出现的位置。找不到时返回0。 RANK(s) 字符s的ASCII码值。 BYTE(n) 第n个ASCII码值的对应字符。 REPEAT(s,n) 字符表达式s重复n次。 SUBSTR(s,p,n) 从字符串s中的第p个字符开始抽取n个字符长的子串 TRANWRD(s,s1,s2) 从字符串s中把所有字符串s1替换成字符串s2后的结果。

第三课SAS数据集

第三课SAS数据集 一.SAS数据集的结构 SAS数据集是关系型的,它通常分为两部分: ●描述部分——包含了一些关于数据属性的信息 ●数据部分——包括数据值 SAS的数据值被安排在一个矩阵式的表状结构中,见图3-1所示。 ●表的列称之为变量(Variable),变量类似于其它文件类型的域或字段(Field); ●表的行称之为观察(Observation),观察相当于记录(Record)。 变量1 变量2 变量3 变量4 Name Test1 Test2 Test3 观察1 Xiaoer 90 86 88 观察2 Zhangsan 100 98 89 观察3 Lisi 79 76 70 观察4 Wangwu 68 71 64 观察5 Zhaoliu 100 89 99 图3-1 一个SAS数据文件 二.SAS数据集形式 SAS系统中共有两种类型的数据集: ●SAS 数据文件(SAS data files) ●SAS 数据视窗(SAS data views) SAS 数据文件不仅包括描述部分,而且包括数据部分。SAS 数据视窗只有描述部分,没有数据部分,只包含了与其它数据文件或者其它软件数据的映射关系,能使SAS的所有过程可访问到,实际上并不包含SAS 数据视窗内的数据值。 自始自终,在SAS语言中,“SAS数据集”与这二种形式中之一有关。在下面的例子中,PRINT过程用相同方法处理数据集aaa.abc,而忽略它的形式: PROC PRINT DATA=aaa.abc 三.SAS数据集的名字 SAS数据集名字包括三个部分,格式如下: Libref.data-set-name.membertype ●Libref(库标记)──这是SAS数据库的逻辑名字 ●data-set-name(数据集名字)──这是SAS数据集的名字 ●membertype(成员类型)──SAS数据集名字的这一部分用户使用时不必给出。 SAS 数据文件的成员类型是DATA;SAS 数据视窗的成员类型是VIEW 例如上面例子中的aaa.abc这个SAS数据集名字,aaa是库标记,abc是数据集名字,成

SAS 常用函数汇总

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sas数据集例题

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文章中还举例说明了用上述基础的SAS随机数函数通过变换,可以产生很多有趣的分布,本人对此没有研究,请大家查看相关文献。所有的SAS随机数函数都是通过RANUNI随机 数函数变换得到的,例如我们通过就可以得到一个正态分布,通过e=-ln(u3)就可以得到指数分布。通过下面的例子我们可以证明刚才的结论:程序一: DATA TEMP5(DROP=I); DO I=1 TO 12; RUNI=RANUNI(123); OUTPUT; END; RUN; PROC PRINT DATA=TEMP5; RUN; 程序二: DATA TEMP6(DROP=I); DO I=1 TO 3; RUNI=RANUNI(123); RNOR=RANNOR(456); REXP=RANEXP(789);

SAS proc mixed 过程步介绍

Introduction to PROC MIXED Table of Contents 1.Short description of methods of estimation used in PROC MIXED 2.Description of the syntax of PROC MIXED 3.References 4. Examples and comparisons of results from MIXED and GLM - balanced data: fixed effect model and mixed effect model, - unbalanced data, mixed effect model 1. Short description of methods of estimation used in PROC MIXED. The SAS procedures GLM and MIXED can be used to fit linear models. Proc GLM was designed to fit fixed effect models and later amended to fit some random effect models by including RANDOM statement with TEST option. The REPEATED statement in PROC GLM allows to estimate and test repeated measures models with an arbitrary correlation structure for repeated observations. The PROC MIXED was specifically designed to fit mixed effect models. It can model random and mixed effect data, repeated measures, spacial data, data with heterogeneous variances and autocorrelated observations.The MIXED procedure is more general than GLM in the sense that it gives a user more flexibility in specifying the correlation structures, particularly useful in repeated measures and random effect models. It has to be emphasized, however, that the PROC MIXED is not an extended, more general version of GLM. They are based on different statistical principles; GLM and MIXED use different estimation methods. GLM uses the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation, that is, parameter estimates are such values of the parameters of the model that minimize the squared difference between observed and predicted values of the dependent variable. That approach leads to the familiar analysis of variance table in which the variability in the dependent variable (the total sum of squares) is divided into variabilities due to different sources (sum of squares for effects in the model). PROC MIXED does not produce an analysis of variance table, because it uses estimation methods based on different principles. PROC MIXED has three options for the method of estimation. They are: ML (Maximum Likelihood), REML (Restricted or Residual maximum likelihood, which is the default method) and MIVQUE0 (Minimum Variance Quadratic Unbiased Estimation). ML and REML are based on a maximum likelihood estimation approach. They require the assumption that the distribution of the dependent variable (error term and the random effects) is normal. ML is just the regular maximum likelihood method,that is, the parameter estimates that it produces are such values of the model parameters that maximize the likelihood function. REML method is a variant of maximum likelihood estimation; REML estimators are obtained not from maximizing the whole likelihood function, but only that part that is invariant to the fixed effects part of the linear model. In other words, if y = X b + Zu + e, where X b is the

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