SAS数据导入汇总

SASSAS DATA Step / Viewtable1.Internal raw data- Datalines or Cards2.External Raw data files- Infile + Input ;SAS DATA Step / PROC IMPORT1.SAS SASdata sasuser.saslin;set "F:\sas1.sas7bdat";run;proc contents data=sasuser.saslin;run;2.SAS PROC IMPORT /proc import datafile = "c:\data\hsb2.sav" out= work.hsb2;run;proc contents data=hsb2;run;SAS SAS recognizes the file type to be imported by file extension.SAS256256Infile LRECL=nListSASList Input12384INPUT Name $ Age Height;ListSAS ColumnColunmEList Column1234INPUT Name $ 1-10 Age 11-13 Height 14-18;$informat w.informat w.dDatew.(1)$CHARw.$HEXw. 16$w.(2)DATEw. ddmmmyy ddmmmyyyyDATETIMEw. ddmmmyy hh:mm:ss.ssDDMMYYw. ddmmyy ddmmyyyyJULIANw. yyddd yyyyddd JuliaMMDDYYw. mmddyy mmddyyyyTIMEw. hh:mm:ss.ss(3)COMMAw.d $HEXw. 16IBw.dPERCENTw.w.dINPUT Name $16. Age 3. +1 Type $1. +1 Date MMDDYY10.(Score1 Score2 Score3 Score4 Score5) (4.1);+n n n@nINPUT ParkName $ 1-22 State $ Year @40 Acreage COMMA9.;BreedMy dog Sam Breed: Rottweiler Vet Bills: $4781SAS RottweilBreed DogBreed2SAS Rottweiler Vet BillBreed: DogBreed203SAS RottweilerBreed:DogBreed 20SASnINPUT City $ State $ / NormalHigh NormalLow #3 RecordHigh RecordLow;Input@@SASINPUT City $ State $ NormalRain MeanDaysRain @@;SASINPUT@SASIFINPUTINPUT Type $ @;INPUT Name $ 9-38 AMTraffic PMTraffic; @ & @@ (1)(2) @SAS@@INFILE1FIRSTOBS=n : n2OBS=n n3INPUTSASINPUTSASMISSOVERTRUNCOVERcolumnTRUNCOVER SASDATAINFILE DLM= DSD1The DLM= optionTab2The DSD optionSASIMPORTIMPORT1234SAS56-set;SASDLM IMPORT DBMS=optionSAS REPLACE-set DBMS=identifier REPLACE;IMPORTIMPORT GETNAMES=NOIMPORTDILIMITER=statementPRO-setDBMS=DLM REPLACE;GETNAMES=NO;-RUN;IMPORT PC-setDBMS=identifier REPLACE;SASPROC CONTENTS DATA=data-set;CONTENTS SAS121.cars_novname.csvAcura,MDX,SUV,Asia,All,"$36,945 ","$33,337 ",3.5,6,265,17,23,4451,106,189 Acura,RSX Type S 2dr,Sedan,Asia,Front,"$23,820 ","$21,761",2,4,200,24,31,2778,101,172Acura,TSX 4dr,Sedan,Asia,Front,"$26,990 ","$24,647 ",2.4,4,200,22,29,3230,105,183 Acura,TL 4dr,Sedan,Asia,Front,"$33,195 ","$30,299 ",3.2,6,270,20,28,3575,108,186 Acura,3.5 RL 4dr,Sedan,Asia,Front,"$43,755 ","$39,014",3.5,6,225,18,24,3880,115,197proc import datafile="cars_novname.csv" out=mydata dbms=csv replace;getnames=no;run;proc contents data=mydata;run;SAS creates default variable names as VAR1-VARn when variables names are not present in the raw data file.2.proc import datafile="cars.txt" out=mydata dbms=tab replace;getnames=no;run;3.libname dis "c:\dissertation";proc import datafile="cars.txt" out=dis.mydata dbms=dlm replace;delimiter='09'x;getnames=yes;run;3.proc import datafile="cars_sp.txt" out=mydata dbms=dlm replace;getnames=no;run;4.Other kinds of delimitersYou can use delimiter= on the infile statement to tell SAS what delimiter you are using to separate variables in your raw data file. For example, below we have a raw data file that uses exclamation points ! to separate the variables in the file.22!2930!409917!3350!474922!2640!379920!3250!481615!4080!7827The example below shows how to read this file by using delimiter='!' on the infile statement.DATA cars;INFILE 'readdel1.txt' DELIMITER='!' ;INPUT mpg weight price;RUN;PROC PRINT DATA=cars;RUN;As you can see in the output below, the data was read properly.OBS MPG WEIGHT PRICE1 22 2930 40992 17 3350 47493 22 2640 37994 20 3250 48165 15 4080 7827It is possible to use multiple delimiters. The example file below uses either exclamation points or plus signs as delimiters.22!2930!409917+3350+474922!2640!379920+3250+481615+4080!7827By using delimiter='!+' on the infile statement, SAS will recognize both of these as valid delimiters.DATA cars;INFILE 'readdel2.txt' DELIMITER='!+' ;INPUT mpg weight price;RUN;PROC PRINT DATA=cars;RUN;As you can see in the output below, the data was read properly.OBS MPG WEIGHT PRICE1 22 2930 40992 17 3350 47493 22 2640 37994 20 3250 48165 15 4080 7827importProc import does not know the formats for your variables, but it is able to guess the format based on what the beginning of your dataset looks like. Most of the time, this guess is fine. But if the length of a variable differs from beginning to end of your file, you might end up with some truncated values.-Infile optionsFor more complicated file layouts, refer to the infile options described below.DLM=The dlm= option can be used to specify the delimiter that separates the variables in your raw data file. For example, dlm=','indicates a comma is the delimiter (e.g., a commaseparated file, .csv file). Or, dlm='09'x indicates that tabs are used to separate your variables (e.g., a tab separated file).DSDThe dsd option has 2 functions. First, it recognizes two consecutive delimiters as a missing value. For example, if your file contained the line 20,30,,50 SAS will treat this as 20 30 50 but with the the dsd option SAS will treat it as 20 30 . 50 , which is probably what you intended. Second, it allows you to include the delimiter within quoted strings. For example, you would want to use the dsd option if you had a comma separated file and your data included values like "George Bush, Jr.". With the dsd option, SAS will recognize that the comma in "George Bush, Jr." is part of the name, and not a separator indicating a new variable.FIRSTOBS=This option tells SAS what on what line you want it to start reading your raw data file. If the first record(s) contains header information such as variable names, then setfirstobs=n where n is the record number where the data actually begin. For example, if you are reading a comma separated file or a tab separated file that has the variable names on the first line, then use firstobs=2 to tell SAS to begin reading at the second line (so it will ignore the first line with the names of the variables).MISSOVERThis option prevents SAS from going to a new input line if it does not find values for all of the variables in the current line of data. For example, you may be reading a space delimited file and that is supposed to have 10 values per line, but one of the line had only 9 values. Without the missover option, SAS will look for the 10th value on the next line of data. If your data is supposed to only have one observation for each line of raw data, then this could cause errors throughout the rest of your data file. If you have araw data file that has one record per line, this option is a prudent method of trying to keep such errors from cascading through the rest of your data file.OBS=Indicates which line in your raw data file should be treated as the last record to be read by SAS. This is a good option to use for testing your program. For example, you might use obs=100 to just read in the first 100 lines of data while you are testing your program. When you want to read the entire file, you can remove the obs= option entirely.A typical infile statement for reading a comma delimited file that contains the variable names in the first line of data would be:INFILE "test.txt" DLM=',' DSD MISSOVER FIRSTOBS=2 ;DATA cars2;length make $ 20 ;INFILE 'readdsd.txt' DELIMITER=',' DSD ;INPUT make mpg weight price;RUN;PROC PRINT DATA=cars2;RUN;48,'Bill Clinton',21050,'George Bush, Jr.',180DATA guys2;length name $ 20 ;INFILE 'readdsd2.txt' DELIMITER=',' DSD ;INPUT age name weight ;RUN;PROC PRINT DATA=guys2;RUN;DATA cars2;length nf 8;INFILE 'F:\cars1.csv' DELIMITER=',' dsd MISSOVER firstobs=2 ;INPUT nf zh hh xb cs IHA fj;RUN;PROC PRINT DATA=cars2;RUN;FTPread raw data via FTP in SAS?SAS has the ability to read raw data directly from FTP servers. Normally, you would use FTP to download the data to your local computer and then use SAS to read the data stored on your local computer. SAS allows you to bypass the FTP step and read the data directly from the other computer via FTP without the intermediate step of downloading the raw data file to your computer. Of course, this assumes that you can reach the computer via the internet at the time you run your SAS program. The program below illustrates how to do this. After the filename in you put ftp to tell SAS to access the data via FTP. After that, you supply the name of the file (in this case 'gpa.txt'. lrecl= is used to specify the width of your data. Be sure to choose a value that is at least as wide as your widest record. cd= is used to specify the directory from where the file is stored. host= is used to specify the name of the site to which you want to FTP. user= is used toprovide your userid (or anonymous if connecting via anonymous FTP). pass= is used to supply your password (or your email address if connecting via anonymous FTP).FILENAME in FTP 'gpa.txt' LRECL=80CD='/local2/samples/sas/ats/'HOST=''USER='joebruin'PASS='yourpassword' ;DATA gpa ;INFILE in ;INPUT gpa hsm hss hse satm satv gender ;RUN;PROC PRINT DATA=gpa(obs=10) ;RUN;quarter1.dat1 120321 1236 154669 2113261 326264 1326 163354 3126651 420698 1327 142336 4226851 211368 1236 156327 6552371 378596 1429 145678 366578quarter2.dat2 140362 1436 114641 3624152 157956 1327 124869 3452152 215547 1472 165578 4125672 204782 1495 150479 3644742 232571 1345 135467 332567quarter3.dat3 140357 1339 142693 2058813 149964 1420 152367 2237953 159852 1479 160001 2548743 139957 1527 163567 2630883 150047 1602 175561 277552quarter4.dat4 479574 1367 155997 361344 496207 1459 140396 359414 501156 1598 135489 396404 532982 1601 143269 386954 563222 1625 147889 39556filename year ('d:\quarter1.dat' 'd:\quarter2.dat' 'd:\quarter3.dat' 'd:\quarter4.dat'); data temp;infile year;input quarter sales tax expenses payroll;run;proc print data = temp;run;excelReading an Excel file into SASSuppose that you have an Excel spreadsheet called auto.xls. The data for this spreadsheet are shown below.MAKE MPG WEIGHT PRICEAMC Concord 22 2930 4099AMC Pacer 17 3350 4749AMC Spirit 22 2640 3799Buick Century 20 3250 4816Buick Electra 15 4080 7827Using the Import Wizard is an easy way to import data into SAS. The Import Wizard can be found on the drop down file menu. Although the Import Wizard is easy it can be time consuming if used repeatedly. The very last screen of the Import Wizard gives you the option to save the statements SAS uses to import the data so that they can be used again. The following is an example that uses common options and also shows that the file was imported correctly.PROC IMPORT OUT= WORK.auto1DATAFILE= "C:\auto.xls"DBMS=EXCEL REPLACE;SHEET="auto1";GETNAMES=YES;MIXED=YES;USEDATE=YES;SCANTIME=YES;RUN;proc print data=auto1;run;Obs MAKE MPG WEIGHT PRICE1 AMC Concord 22 2930 40992 AMC Pacer 17 3350 47493 Amc Spirit 22 2640 37994 Buick Century 20 3250 48165 Buick Electra 15 4080 7827First we use the out= statement to tell SAS where to store the data once they are imported.Next the datafile= statement tells SAS where to find the file we want to import.The dbms= statement is used to identify the type of file being imported. This statement is redundant if the file you want to import already has an appropriate file extension, for example *.xls.The replace statement will overwrite an existing file.To specify which sheet SAS should import use the sheet="sheetname" statement. The default is for SAS to read the first sheet. Note that sheet names can only be 31 characters long.The getnames=yes is the default setting and SAS will automatically use the first row of data as variable names. If the first row of your sheet does not contain variable names use the getnames=no.SAS uses the first eight rows of data to determine whether the variable should be read as character or numeric. The default setting mixed=no assumes that each variable is either all character or all numeric. If you have a variable with both character and numeric values or a variable with missing values use mixed=yes statement to be sure SAS will read it correctly.Conveniently SAS reads date, time and datetime formats. The usedate=yes is the default statement and SAS will read date or time formatted data as a date. When usedate=no SAS will read date and time formatted data with a datetime format. Keep the default statement scantime=yes to read in time formatted data as long as the variable does not also contain a date format.Example 1: Making a permanent data fileWhat if you want the SAS data set created from proc import to be permanent? The answer is to use libname statement. Let's say that we have an Excel file called auto.xls in directory "d:\temp" and we want to convert it into a SAS data file (call it myauto) and put it into the directory "c:\dissertation". Here is what we can do.libname dis "c:\dissertation";proc import datafile="d:\temp\auto.xls" out=dis.myauto replace;run;Example 2: Reading in a specific sheetSometimes you may only want to read a particular sheet from an Excel file instead of the entire Excel file. Let's say that we have a two-sheet Excel file called auto2.xls. The example below shows how to use the option sheet=sheetname to read the second sheet called page2 in it.proc import datafile="auto2.xls" out=auto1 replace;sheet="page2";run;Example 3: Reading a file without variable namesWhat if the variables in your Excel file do not have variable names? The answer here is to use the statement getnames=no in proc import. Here is an example showing how to do this.proc import datafile="a:\faq\auto.xls" out=auto replace;getnames=no;run;Writing Excel files out from SASIt is very easy to write out an Excel file using proc export in SAS version 8. Consider the following sample data file below.Obs MAKE MPG WEIGHT PRICE1 AMC 22 2930 40992 AMC 17 3350 47493 AMC 22 2640 37994 Buick 20 3250 48165 Buick 15 4080 7827Here is a sample program that writes out an Excel file called mydata.xls into the directory "c:\dissertation".proc export data=mydata outfile='c:\dissertation\mydata.xls' replace; run;SAS1.data web;length site $41;input age site $ hits;datalines;12 /default.htm 123456130 /index.htm 97654254 /department/index.htm 987654;proc print;run;Obs site age hits1 /default.htm 12 1234562 /index.htm 130 976543 /department/index.htm 254 987654data web;input age site & $41. hits;datalines;12 /default.htm 123456130 /index.htm 97654254 /department/index.htm 987654;proc print;Obs age site hits1 12 /default.htm 1234562 130 /index.htm 976543 254 /department/index.htm 9876542.data fruit;infile 'C:\messy.txt' delimiter = ' ' dsd;length fruit $22;input zip fruit $ pounds;proc print;run;Obs fruit zip pounds1 apples, grapes kiwi 10034 1234562 oranges 92626 976543 pears apple 25414 987654data fruit;input zip fruit & $22. pounds;datalines;10034 apples, grapes kiwi 12345692626 oranges 9765425414 pears apple 987654;proc print;Obs zip fruit pounds1 10034 apples, grapes kiwi 1234562 92626 oranges 976543 25414 pears apple 987654read a SAS data file when I don't have its format libraryIf you try to use a SAS data file that has permanent formats but you don't have the format library, you will get errors like this.ERROR: The format $MAKEF was not found or could not be loaded.ERROR: The format FORGNF was not found or could not be loaded.Without the format library, SAS will not permit you to do anything with the data file. However, if you use options nofmterr; at the top of your program, SAS will go ahead and process the file despite the fact that it does not have the format library. You will not be able to see the formatted values for your variables, but you will be able to process your data file. Here is an example.OPTIONS nofmterr;libname in "c:\";PROC FREQ DATA=in.auto;TABLES foreign make;RUN;The following program creates exactly the same file, but is a more efficient program because SAS only reads the desired variables.DATA auto2;SET auto (KEEP = make mpg price);RUN;The drop data step option works in a similar way.DATA AUTO2;SET auto (DROP = rep78 hdroom trunk weight length turn displ gratio foreign);RUN;proc compare base = person1 compare = person2 brief; by id;id id;run;。