1.昌平二模
八、阅读与表达（共10分，每小题2分）
阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。
There is a bar in our town with the name “The White Horse”. It is Mr. Webster?s. Few people went to the bar last year, but things are quite different now.
There was a picture of a white horse on the door of the bar. Then a stranger came in one day, drank something, looked around the bar, and then said to Mr. Webster, “Few people come here. Take down the picture of the white horse and put a picture of a black horse instead.”
“But the name of the bar is …The White Horse?, ” Mr. Webster said.
“Yes, but do it.” The man said. Then he went out of the bar.
Mr. Webster went to an artist and said, “I want to a picture of a balck horse.”
The next day a picture of a black horse was on the door of the bar instead of that of the white horse. Soon after the door open, a man came in and said, “There is a mistake on the door of your door of your bar, and the picture is different from the name.” The man looked, sat down and drank something.
Then another man came in and said the same, and then another and another. A lot of people came in and said, “The picture on your door is wrong,”and they all stopped and drank in Mr. Webster?s bar.
65. Is the bar?s name “The White horse”?
66. Was there a picture of a white horse or a picture of a black horse on the door at first?
67. Who helped Mr. Webster?
68. Why did many people come to his bar?
69. What have we learnt from the story?
2.密云二模
八、阅读与表达（共10分，每小题2分）
阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。
Have you ever stayed in a hotel?We often stay in a hotel while we are travelling outside. Most Chinese hotels often provide guests with things like disposable(一次性的) toothbrushes, toothpaste, shampoo and slippers. Many guests like the idea because they don?t have to bring their own. But ,if you travel to Beijing, remember to bring your own things. They want to ask people to use less disposable things.
Many disposable things are made of plastic. People throw them away after only using them once. It is a waste of natural resources（资源）and is very bad for the environment. Do you know, one Chinese makes as much as 400kg of waste a year! Most of the waste comes from disposable things. In Beijing, people throw away about 19,000 tons of plastic bags and 1,320 tons of plastic lunch bowls every year! Plastic can take between 100 and 400 years to break down. So the less plastic we throw out, the better. So, wherever you travel ,bring your own things and use them again and again.
Back at home and school, you can also do something to make our world a better place. Try to do these things in your daily life: Use cloth shopping bags, not plastic ones. After using a plastic bag, wash it out and let it dry. Then you can use it over and over again. Do not use paper cups. At your school dinning room, use your own bowl and chopsticks instead of disposable ones.
To protect our environment and our home, it is very necessary and important for us to save natural resources.
65.Do you often stay in a hotel or at home while traveling?
66.What are many disposable things made of?
67.Why can?t we throw away plastic things after using them only once ?
68.What does the writer suggest us to use at home and at school?
69.What does the passage mainly talk about?
3.大兴二模
八、阅读短文回答问题。（共10分，每小题2分）
In less than two months, Junior（初中）3 students around the country will take
the senior（高级的）high school entrance (入学)
exam. They are studying hard for this big exam. Do
they have time to do something to celebrate their
middle school years? Many do.
Leng Jingze, 14, from Tianjin said that in her
class students are already writing goodbye messages
for each other. “Even the head teacher has a plan.”said Leng. “She plans to put all our class photos and the Chinese compositions we have written onto a CD and give each student one,”said Leng. “She will also write something for each student. ”
Wang Zeyu, 15, in Changchun, Jilin said his classmates are making “lucky stars”as graduation(毕业)gifts. They are making the cheerful stars from colored paper. “Before making a …lucky star’, you write some words for the person on the paper,” said Wang, “so that she or he can read the words when they open the star.”
Who does Wang want to make a lucky star for? He said he wanted to make one for his head teacher.
“I'll write: …Dear teacher, you always look so serious,” said Wang. “But we know you have a warm heart. Smile more!”
In Zhang Xia's school in Beijing, each Junior 3 student will get a yearbook, in which the Junior 3 classes will put their photos and self-introductions. “Most classes have written an article as the self-introduction,”said Zhang, now 14. “We have written a poem (诗)! The poem records the big events of the class's history and is in the shape of 9.”
“Nine is our class number,” said Zhang, who felt very proud of the idea.
“Our class may not be the one with the best school grade but it must be the most creative(有创造性的) one,” said Zhang. “I feel lucky to study in such a class!”
65. Do many students in Junior 3 have time to celebrate their middle school years?
66. What will the head teacher in Tianjin give his students on graduation?
67. Why did the students write some words on the paper before making a “lucky star”?
68. Which class is Zhang Xia in at school?
69. What kind of celebration from the report do you like best, and why?
4.房山二模
八、阅读与表达（共10分，每小题2分）
阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。
If you live in the United States, the law says you can?t have a full-time job until you are 16 years old. At 14 or 15, you can work part-time after school or on weekends, and during summer you can work 40 hours each week. Does all that mean that if you are younger than 14, you can?t earn (赚) your own money? Of course not! Kids who are between the ages of 10 and 13 can earn money by doing lots of things.
Valerie, 11, told us that she made money by cleaning up other people?s yards. Lena, 13, makes money by knitting (织) dog sweaters and selling them to her neighbors, and Riesa said she had started taking art classes and showing her work to people. People have asked her to draw pictures for them and they pay her for them. Jasmine, 13, writes articles for different magazines!
Earning is learning. By working to earn your own money, you are learning the skills you will need to succeed in life. These skills can include things like getting along with others, using technology and using your time. Some people think that asking for money is a lot easier than earning it; however, when you make your own money, you don?t have to depend on someone else. The five dollars that you earn will probably make you feel a lot better in your hand than the twenty dollars you ask for.(249)
65. Can kids have full-time jobs at the age of 16?
__________________________________________________________________________ 66. If a boy is 15 years old, when can he work to earn money?
__________________________________________________________________________ 67. How does Riesa make money?
__________________________________________________________________________ 68. According to the passage, what skills can kids learn while earning money?
__________________________________________________________________________ 69. What is the advantage for the young people by working?
__________________________________________________________________________
5.怀柔二模
八、阅读短文，回答问题(共10分, 每小题2分)
Maddy Cullen was a hero yesterday. Thanks to her quick thinking. She and Dave Lewis were saved from danger in the mountains.
Maddy and Dave went to the Scottish Highlands with a group from the Music Now Festival. In the afternoon, the group went sailing in boats on the lake, but Maddy and Dave went hang-gliding(滑翔) instead. Unfortunately the hang-glider crashed(撞) on a mountain near the famous lake Loch Ness and Dave broke his leg. He couldn?t walk, so he and Maddy stayed on the mountain and waited. They had no food or water, so
they were hungry, thirsty and cold. By the evening they were starting to get very worried. Then Maddy had a very good idea. She wrote a message on the ground with stones.
Meanwhile, group leader Rob Townsend was trying to find Maddy and Dave. There were no public telephones anywhere near but luckily he had brought his mobile phone, so he called 999 and asked the police to look for the missing teenagers. A police helicopter flew over Loch Ness, and the pilot saw Maddy?s message. Dave and Maddy were saved.
Later, Maddy spoke to a reporter from the newspaper. “ We were so happy when the helicopter arrived,” She said. “The police told Dave not to move and they took us to the hospital.”
“It was all because of me－I was in the wrong,” Dave said. “Rob told us to wear walking boots, and he told us not to leave the group. But I did not listen. I was very silly.”
The police agreed. On the radio news they asked walkers in the Highlands to follow instructions carefully and not to take stupid risks(冒险).
65. Could Dave walk when he broke his leg?
66. What was Maddy?s good idea when they were in danger?
67. How did Rob keep in touch with(与…保持联系) the police?
68. Where were Dave and Maddy taken by the police helicopter?
69. What can you learn from the passage?
6.石景山二模
八、阅读与表达（共10分，每小题2分）
阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。
This passage is about RealCine.
The technology behind RealCine is virtual reality (VR). Unlike ordinary cinema, RealCine excites all five of our senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch and even taste. RealCine works by making the viewers feel that they are actually in the film. To achieve this, special VR headsets（耳机）are made to help the viewers see a world of 3D and hear the sounds clearly all around them. Special gloves are also worn so that people and objects in the film can be touched. Both the headsets and the gloves are connected to the RealCine computer system. To add to the virtual（虚拟的）world of RealCine, smells are given out through small openings in the headsets. Special food and drinks are delivered into the viewer?s mouth via a sensor.
In scientific studies it has been shown that VR can provide teenagers with another way to experience the world. For example, in one experiment, a teenager whose dream was to be a world–famous football star experienced a VR film where he played the role of the captain of the
Brazilian football team.
Besides films, VR might also have some other uses. For example, firefighters could be trained using RealCine to avoid the risk（冒险）of entering a burning building themselves. It could be used in the classrooms too. Teachers could bring history alive by placing students in a famous battle（战役）or they could teach biology by allowing students to be a whale or an ant for a lesson.
65. Is the technology behind RealCine called VR?
66. What do viewers wear so they feel they are actually in the film?
67. How are smells given out?
68. Why do firefighters use RealCine?
69. What does the writer tell us about the RealCine?
7.顺义二模
八、阅读短文回答问题（共10分，每小题2分）
阅读短文，根据其内容简要回答文后的问题。
“Colour” and “color”, “favourite” and “favorite”... Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a “u”? Is it because they are lazy?
Of course not. In fact, the difference in spelling was created by Noah Webster (1758-1843). He is a teacher who reformed English to make American identity（身份）stronger. Linguists (语言学家) celebrated his 250th birthday on October 16.
After the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary, rather than rely on British versions (版本). He dropped the British “u” in some words. And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like they sounded. Webster wasn?t shy about expressing his opinions. In defining (定义) preposterous (unreasonable), he wrote: “A Republican government in the hands of females is preposterous.”Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary in 1828 with his American-style spellings. He also added local words. His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new nation achieve unity and cultural independence at a time when most were focused on political freedom. “He was the shaper of our language and the sha per of American identity,” said Joshua Kendall, who is working on a biography (传记) about Webster. “He at last bonded (联合) us through our language.”
65. Is it because they are lazy when they shorten some words?
_______________________________________________.
66. Who created the different spelling?
_______________________________________________.
67. When did Noah Webster probably begin his project of the dictionary?
____________________________________________________
68. Why did Noah Webster create these differences in his dictionary?
____________________________________________________
69. Which would probably be the best title for the passage?
____________________________________________________
8.通州二模
八、阅读与表达（共8分，每小题2分）
阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。
H appiness(幸福) is for everyone. You don?t need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large garden and swimming pool or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.
In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you have trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your health; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice a bit of them, you can find that happiness is always around you.
Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have else w hat can?t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge(挑战) yourself. So you can?t always say you are poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving(旋转的) door. When it closes, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can?t be a happy and lucky person.
54. Is the passage about school study?
55. Where is happiness?
56. What do we feel if we do something good to others?
57. Why can we say we are happy when we meet with difficulties?
9.宣武二模
八、阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。（共10分，每小题2 分）
Five million people visit Grand Canyon in the US every year. For the purpose of helping project Grand Canyon for your fellow visitors and future generations, please follow the guidelines below.
Camping To project the park, camping is allowed only within permitted campgrounds. Permits are required for overnight camping at the North Rim. Advance booking can be received by mail. Please write: Information Center, P.O. Box 129, Grand Canyon, AZ 86023.
Fires Because of the extreme fire danger, campfires are not allowed except at Mather and Desert View campgrounds. Collection of firewood is not allowed either.
Hiking Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants. Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists.
Weather The weather at Gramd Canyon can change very quickly. With so much rock, lightning(闪电) causes a particular danger during sudden summer storms. These storms also frequently bring floods inside valleys, a danger to hikers. Watch the skies and check daily weather reports.
Wildlife Do not feed park wildlife. There have been a few cases at Gramd Canyon National Park where deer were purposely shot because they are plastic bags that left them sick and weak. Hungry deer can be danger and have kicked and bitten visitors at Grand Canyon. Some other animals will also beg and bite. For your own safety and the well-being of the animals, please do not feed wildlife, no matter how gentle they may appear.
65. Do five million people visit Grand Canyon in the US every year?
66. Why aren?t campfires allowed except at Mather and Desert View campgrounds?
67. How is the weather at Gramd Canyon?
68. How many guidelines are there in this passage?
69. What is the main purpose of the passage?
10.延庆二模
八、阅读与表达（共10分，每小题2分）
阅读短文，根据内容回答问题。
These strategies(策略)will help you learn now to take tests and show what you know. MULTIPLE-CHOICE (选择题)TEST
Mark the best answer from a list of choices for a multiple-choice test.
1.Read Test Directions Carefully Directions tell what you need to do. Words like best, always, only, all, and never will help you find the correct answer. Sentences with those words are usually
3.Read items (题干) Again If you are not sure about an answer, read the item again. Think about all the answer choices. Which one seems best?
SHORT-ANSWER TEST
In a short-answer lest, write a word, a group of words, or a sentence to answer a question.
PASSAGE-WRITING TEST
For a passage-writing test, write one or more paragraphs to answer one question.
1.Study the Item and Key Words Read the question two times or more. Look for key words that
2.Plan Your Answer Think about the key words and the topic. Write everything you know about the topic on a piece of you own paper. This can help you organize (组织) your writing.
3.Write the Passage Use the words in the prompts to write a beginning. Then use what you know about the topic to write your passage.
●Write a topic sentence for ea ch paragraph.
●Write the important information in the body.
●Read you r passage before you hand it in.
You may try these strategies in today?s test. We hope you?ll have a great success. Good Luck!
350words
65. Will these strategies help you take tests?
66. When you take a short-answer test, what should you write to answer a question?
67. How many kinds of tests are talked about in the passage?
68. When you took any of the tests, should you think carefully about the topic sentences or the key
words?
69. What is the purpose of the writer writing the passage?
11.朝阳二模
八、阅读与表达(共10分，每小题2分)
阅读短文, 根据其内容回答问题。
Summer camps started from the US. They are programs for teenagers during the summer months in some countries. Teenagers who take part in summer camps are known as campers. The traditional summer camp usually means hiking, game-playing and campfires. Now modern summer camps can offer campers a great many activities. Among them, the international summer camp is quite popular, especially with Chinese campers.
First of all, the international summer camp can bring campers unusual life experience. As we all know, the experience in high school plays a very important role in life. The international summer camp is a great way to establish (确立) the right values for life. Campers will experience the cultural differenc e—something they can?t get at home from their families. During the international summer camp, children will become more independent and see new things. They can also learn more through talking with students from all over the world.
Making friends is another point. The international summer camp mixes (混合) Chinese students with students from other countries in the world. No matter whether they live with a local family or live with other students in dormitories (宿舍), they will all share experiences and cultures with persons from different countries and cultural backgrounds, learn cross-culture communication skills by listening to others and expressing themselves, and improve friendship over several weeks. They often stay in touch with each other by email, MSN or QQ after the program finishes.
The most exciting thing in the international summer camp is that Chinese campers can get excellent chances to speak and use English in a real English world. Language is not only knowledge; it is a skill which needs to be improved by using it. Campers from English-speaking countries are very friendly , warm-hearted and helpful.
65. Did summer camps start from the US?
66. What can children get from the summer camp but not from their families?
67. How do campers communicate with each other after the program?
68. What are campers from English-speaking countries like?
69. What advantages of the international summer camp are mentioned in the passage?
12.东城二模
八、阅读与表达。（共10分，每小题2分）
阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。
If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish”the Finnish people are.
Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare(车费) of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver will not show the least sign of anxiety.
The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside eaters. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining room to have their meals. The only thing they need to do is to show their good faith is to wave their room cards to the waiter.
With such a loose check, you can easily use any old room card to take a couple of friends to eat dinner free of charge.
The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the payment. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly.
With so many loopholes(漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “small advantages”. But the strange thing is: all the taxi passengers will always come back to pay their fare after they have dealt with their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms; and workers always give an honest answer of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good trust in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.
65. Are the Finns really foolish?
_____________________________________________________________________________ 66. What is the taxi fare in Finland?
_____________________________________________________________________________ 67. Who should have free dinners in hotels?
_____________________________________________________________________________ 68. Will the Finnish workers get paid by the hour or by the day?
_____________________________________________________________________________ 69. What do you think of the people in Finland?
_____________________________________________________________________________
13.西城二模
八、阅读短文回答问题（共10分，每小题2分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Jolanda Maas, a leader of a research at the Nivel Institute in Utrecht, has reported the result of the study in the magazine BiolMed Central Public Health. It says that people who live closest to green areas in the countryside walk and cycle less often for shorter time than other people.
“We found that there was either no relationship or only a small one between green space and physical activity,” said Maas. “People with more green space walk and cycle less often in their spare time.”
People with 20% of green space walked around 250 minutes each week during their spare time compared to 180 minutes for those with 80% of green space.
“This may be because people in the countryside need to use their cars more to get to places such as shops, schools and the doctor?s office.” Maas said.
Living near green space also makes no difference in whether people met NHR (全民健身标准) to get 30 minutes of exercise daily, according to a survey (调查) of 5,000 people across the Netherlands (荷兰).
“The study shows when you just look at how much green space people have, it is not true people are just more physically active,” Maas said. “This study shows you don?t really need green space.”
65. Is Jolanda Maas the leader of the research?
_______________________________________________________________________________ 66. Who walk less, people with 20% or 80% of green space?
_______________________________________________________________________________ 67. How do people in the countryside go to shops, schools and the doctor?s?
_______________________________________________________________________________ 68. How long are people advised to exercise daily?
_______________________________________________________________________________ 69. What does the writer really want to tell us?
_______________________________________________________________________________
14.海淀二模
八、阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。（共10分，每小题2 分）
AMPAS，the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences(美
国电影艺术和科学学院), presents the Oscars each year. About 6,000
people who work in the movie industry belong to the organization. It
was established in 1927 to support the film industry. The Academy
began presenting awards（颁发奖项）in 1929. At that time, films were just starting to have sound.
The awards were not called Oscar until much later. In 1951, a woman who worked in the Academy library said the statue (塑像) looked like a family member –her Uncle Oscar. A reporter heard of this story and wrote about it. Some people said the reporter and the librarian named the statue Oscar.
Each year, the American film industry will honor some of its best. The steps of choosing award winners begin with members of AMPAS. These people work in 13 different professions. The members choose among people doing the same kind of
work they do as candidates (候选人) for Academy Awards. All Academy members choose the final winners among those candidates.
The awards are presented every spring. Important people in the movie industry, such as famous actors and actresses, attend the ceremonies (仪式). Crowds of people wait outside the theater to watch the famous movie stars as they arrive for the ceremony. Camera lights flash. Actors and actresses smile for the photographers and television cameras.
During the ceremony, famous actors and actresses announce the names of the winners. Then the winners walk up onto the stage to receive their Oscars. Their big moment has arrived. They cry. They laugh. They thank all the people who helped them win the award. These winners will go home with a golden Oscar.
65. Did the Academy begin presenting awards in 1927?
_______________________________________________________
66.When are the awards presented each year?
_______________________________________________________
67. Who attends the ceremonies?
_______________________________________________________
68. What do the winners do when they receive their Oscars on the stage?
_______________________________________________________
69.What is the passage mainly about? ( Give more than one point. )
______________________________________________________
15.平谷二模
八、阅读与表达(共10分，每小题2分)
阅读短文, 根据其内容回答问题。
Someone once said, “The pen is even stronger than the sword(剑).”Bertha von Suttner believed in peace. She thought that none of the world?s problems could be solved until people learned to live together in peace. She used her pen to tell the world her beliefs.
Bertha Kinsky was born in 1843 to a rich Austrian family. In 1859 she heard about the
horrors of war taking place in nearby areas of southern and central Europe. In 1864 she saw a war taking place in her country. The Kinsky family lost its money, and Bertha became a private teacher to the von Suttner family. She left Austria in 1876 to work for Alfred Nobel, a rich factory owner. She soon returned to Austria to marry the Baron von Suttner, but she and Nobel were still friends.
In 1898 Bertha von Suttner wrote a book against war called Lay Down Your Arms. It was immediately popular. In 1891 She started the Austrian Peace Organization. From 1892 to 1899, she was the editor of a worldwide peace magazine. Then, in 1899, she wrote her most famous book, The Machine Age.
Alfred Nobel supported Bertha von Suttner?s work in the peace movement. Before he died in 1896, some of his money was set aside to create the Nobel Prize. Every year since 1901, people who have done important work in sciences, literature(文学), and peace have received Nobel Prizes. Many believe that Nobel?s friendship with Baroness von Suttner convinced（说服）him to create the peace prize.
In 1904 Bertha von Suttner won the Nobel Peace Prize. She was the first woman to win the peace prize, and she was the second woman to win the Nobel Prize.
Bertha von Suttner died I June 1914. A week later, World War I began in Europe.
65. Did Bertha von Suttner use her pen to tell the world her beliefs ?
66. When did a war take place in Austria?
67. What did Bertha von Suttner do against war?
68. Why did Alfred Nobel create the Nobel Prize?
69. What does the passage mainly talk about?
16丰台二模
八、阅读与表达。（共10分，每小题2分）
阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。
I was shopping in the supermarket when I heard the young voice.
“Mom, come here! There?s this lady here my size!”
The mother rushed to her son; then she turned to me to s ay “sorry”.
I smiled and told her: “It?s okay.” Then I talked to the boy, “Hi, I?m Darryl Kramer. How are you?”
He studied me from head to toe, and asked: “Are you a little mommy?”
“Yes, I have a son,” I answered.
“Why are you so little?” he asked.
“It?s the way I was born,” I said. “some people are little. Some are tall. I?m just not going to grow any bigger.” After I answered his other questions, I shook the boy?s hand, and left.
My life as a little person is filled with stories like that. I enjoy talking to children and explaining why I look different from their parents. I stand 114 cm tall. I was born an achondroplasia dwarf （侏儒）. Despite this, I did all the things other kids did when I was growing up.
I didn?t realize how short I was until I sta rted school. Some kids picked on me, calling me names
（辱骂我）. Then I knew I began to hate the first day of school each year. New students would always look fixedly at me as I tried hard to climb the school bus stairs.
But I learned to smile and accept the fact that I was going to be noticed my whole life. I decided to make my uniqueness（与众不同）an advantage rather than a disadvantage. What I lacked（缺少）in height, I made up for in personality.
I?m 47 now, and people are surprised when they see me driving. I tr y to keep a good attitude. When people are not polite enough, I say to myself: “Look what else I have-a great family, nice friends.”
It?s the children?s questions that make my life special. I enjoy answering their questions. My hope is that, I will encourage them to accept the persons around them, whatever size and shape they come in, and treat them in a friendly way.
65. Did the writer answer the little boy?s questions in the supermarket?
____________________________________________________________________________ 66. How tall is the writer?
____________________________________________________________________________ 67.When did the writer realize how short she was?
____________________________________________________________________________ 68. What did the writer want to teach the children when she answered their questions? ____________________________________________________________________________ 69. What is the writer?s attitude to her life?
____________________________________________________________________________
17.崇文二模
八、阅读与表达（共10分，每小题2分）
阅读短文，根据其内容回答问题。
November 24, 1859 was a special day in London. On that day, many Londoners rushed to a bookstore to buy a book that was just published. The first printing of 1,250 copies sold out on the first day.
The popular book was The Origin of Species (《物种起源》) by British naturalist Charles Darwin (1809-1882). In the book, Darwin argued that different forms of life could change over time because of natural selection. This means that only those who are best suited to their environment will live and reproduce. Darwin supported his arguments with examples he found during his around-the-world trip in the 1830s.
The book wing laid the foundation of modern biology. It changed how other scientists understood the appearance of life on Earth.
A hundred and fifty years later, Darwin's theory (理论) of natural selection still has great influence in the world of science. But some people have a question: since medicine and modern life have made people healthier, are we still evolving (进化) by natural selection?
The answer is yes, according to Stephen Stearns and his team of Yale University researchers. They did a study on 2,238 women in the US. They found that shorter, heavier women have more children than thinner, taller ones. This trend (趋势) runs among their female children and grandchildren. So if this continues, women in 400 years will be about 2cm shorter and a kilo heavier.
Sterns'' findings are supported by other scientists. For example, John Hawks at the University
of Wisconsin, US and his team believe they have found nearly 2,000 gene variations (基因变异) in modern humans. Those variations allow people to drink milk, fight disease and improve brain development.
65. Was The Origin of Species a popular book ?
66. When was the book published?
67. What does natural selection mean?
68. Why does the writer introduce Sterns? findings in the passage?
69. Why is Darwin?s theory of natural selection important?
2020中考物理试题分类汇编声现象(有答案) 〔09杭州〕5.以下讲法中正确的选项是 A ．只要物体振动，就一定能听到声音 B ．固体、液体、气体都能传播声音 C ．宇航员们在月球上也能够直截了当用口语交谈 D ．声音在固体、液体中比在空气中传播得慢些 答案：B 〔09济宁〕4.为了探究声音的响度与振幅的关系，小明设计了如图2所示的几个实验。你认为能够完成那个探究目的的是 答案：B 答案：D 〔09江苏〕8．如下图，用悬挂着的乒乓球接触正在发声的音叉，乒乓球会 多次被弹开．那个实验是用来探究 A ．声音能否在真空中传播 B ．声音产生的缘故 C ．音调是否与频率有关 D ．声音传播是否需要时刻 答案：B 〔09山东平原县〕如下图，用硬纸片把一个喇叭糊起来，做成一个〝舞 台〞．台上小人在音乐声中翩翩起舞，那个现象讲明 ______________________． 答案：发声的物体在振动 〔09福州市〕15．北京奥运会开幕式上声势浩大的〝击缶而歌〞杰出绝伦，缶声是由于缶 面 产生的，然后通过 传播到现场观众耳朵的。这壮观的场面由同步通讯卫星通过 波传递到全国各地。 答案：振动 空气 电磁 用大小不同的力敲打鼓面，观看纸屑跳动的情形 图2
〔09烟台〕．有些耳聋病人配有骨导式助听器就能听到声音的原理是__________________________________。 答案：．固体能够传播声音，且传音成效比空气好．(只讲出固体能够传播声音也可) 〔09江西〕自然界和日常生活中有专门多有味的声现象.例如:笑树能发出笑声是因为果实的外壳上面有许多小孔，经风一吹，壳里的籽撞击壳壁,使其发声;广场音乐喷泉的优美旋律是通过传入我们耳中的. 答案：振动空气 〔09四川自贡〕.两人相距较远讲话时，听不到对方的声音，但同样情形下，用自制的土电话就能够听到相互的讲话声；耳朵贴在铁轨上能听到远处火车开来的声音而站起来就听不到了。 对此，请你提出一个要研究的咨询题。 答案：声波在固体中传播的能量缺失笔在空气中少吗？声音的传播距离与介质有关吗？声音的固体中的传播距离比在空气中传播的远吗？ 〔09烟台〕1．音乐会上不同的乐器演奏同一首乐曲，我们也能够辨论出不同乐器发出的声音．这要紧是依据 A．音调 B．响度 C．音色 D．频率 答案：C 〔09成都〕．当喇叭里响起〝我和你，心连心，共住地球村……〞的男声演唱时，小明和小亮齐声讲：〝是刘欢在演唱！〞他们作出判定的依据是：不同演员声音的 A．音调不同B．响度不同C．音色不同D．声速不同 答案：C 〔09湖南娄底〕．〝未见其人，先闻其声〞，就能判定来的熟人是谁，要紧是依据讲话人的A．振幅B．音调C．响度D．音色 答案：D 〔09河南〕汇演上，小明弹奏电吉他时不断用手指去操纵琴弦长度，如此做的目的是为了改变声音的；琴声是通过传播到我们耳中的。 答案：音调空气 〔09广州〕3．以下操纵噪声的措施中，属于防止噪声产生的是 A．关闭房间的门窗B．会场内把手机调到无声状态 C．高速公路旁的房屋装隔音窗D．机场跑道工作人员使用防噪声耳罩 答案：B 〔09山东潍坊〕．近年来，为了操纵噪声污染，改善居民的生活环境，有些都市采取了城区
2020中考物理试题汇编2---声现象 一、单项选择题 1.（2020·四川省成都市）图是警察利用无人机对行人“喊话”时的情景，该情景能说明（） A. 声音只能向一个方向传播 B. 声音的响度与距离无关 C. 声音可以在空气中传播 D. 声音不能传递信息 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】A．声音是以波的形式向四周传播的，故A错误； B．声音的响度除了与振幅有关，还与传播距离有关，距离越短，响度越大，反之越小，故B错误； C．声音的传播需要介质，介质有空气、液体、固体三类，所以声音能够在空气中传播，故C正确； D．声音能够传递信息与能量，故D错误。 故选C。
2.（2020·山东省泰安市）下列有关声现象的说法中，正确的是（） A. 人们根据音色来辨别长笛和二胡发出的声音 B. “隔墙有耳”可以说明真空能够传播声音 C. “不在公共场所大声喧哗”是要求人们说话音调要低 D. 用超声波除去人体内的结石，说明声波能传递信息 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】A．不同发声体的材料和结构不同，发出声音的音色不同，人们根据音色来辨别长笛和二胡发出的声音，故A正确； B．“隔墙有耳”可以说明固体能够传播声音，故B错误； C．“不在公共场所大声喧哗”是要求人们说话响度小一些，故C错误；D．用超声波除去人体内的结石，说明声波能传递能量，故D错误。 故选A。 3.（2020·山东省济宁市）以下与声现象有关的几个实验中，能说明声音产 生原因的是（） 实验：①放在钟罩内的闹钟正在响铃，在抽取钟罩内的空气的过程中，铃声逐渐减小；②将正在发声的音叉轻轻插入水里，看到水花飞溅；③吹笛子时，手指按住不同的孔会发出不同的声音；④在吊着的大钟上固定一支细小的笔，把钟敲响后，用纸在笔尖上迅速拖过，可以在纸上画出一条来回弯曲的细线。 A. ①② B. ②④ C. ③④ D. ①③ 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】①放在钟罩内的闹钟正在响铃，在抽取钟罩内的空气的过程中，铃声逐渐减小，说明声音的传播需要介质，故①不符合题意； ②将正在发声的音叉轻轻插入水里，看到水花飞溅，说明声音是由物体振动产生的，故②符合题意； ③吹笛子时，手指按住不同的孔，笛子里面空气柱的振动频率不同，会导致声音的音调不同，故③不符合题意；
一、初中物理声现象问题求解方法 1．在演示声音是由物体的振动发生的实验中，将正在发声的音叉紧靠悬线下的泡沫塑料球，球被多次弹开。在此实验中，泡沫塑料球的作用是（） A．使音叉的振动尽快停下来 B．使音叉的振动时间延长 C．将音叉的微小振动放大，便于观察 D．使声波多次反射，形成回声 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 声音是由物体振动产生的，但这种振动往往不易观察，需要将实验效果进行“放大”；“转换法”是中学物理中一种重要的研究方法，可以借助某些物体的特性来研究看不到或不易观察到物质，形象直观，据此判断。 【详解】 正在发声的音叉与不发声的音叉的区别在于：正在发声的音叉在振动，而不发声的音叉没有振动；由于音叉振动的幅度过小，人眼无法直接观察和区分，所以用“转换法”将这个实验效果进行放大；当把悬挂的泡沫塑料球紧靠在正在发声的音叉上时，音叉的振动将泡沫塑料球弹开，即把音叉的微小振动放大成泡沫塑料球的振动，以便于观察和进一步的研究；故选C。 2．如图所示，将悬挂的乒乓球轻轻接触正在发声的音叉，乒乓球多次被弹开，关于此实验，下列说法错误的是 A．音叉发出声音的响度越大，乒乓球被弹开的越远 B．音叉发出声音的音调越高，乒乓球被弹开的越远 C．本实验可以研究“声音是由于物体的振动而产生的” D．乒乓球被弹开的越远，说明音叉振动幅度越大 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】
声音是物体振动产生的，音叉振幅越大，产生声音的响度越大，乒乓球被弹得越高。说明声音的响度越大发声体的振幅越大，音叉的振动转化为轻质小球的运动，这样可以把音叉的微小振动进行放大，这是“转换法”，故AD 正确，B 错误； 通过实验发现，用小锤敲击音叉的时候，音叉发出声音的同时，乒乓球会被弹起一定的角度，说明声音是由于物体的振动产生的，故C 正确。 故B 符合题意为答案。 3．己知声音在空气中传播的速度为v 1，在钢轨中的传播速度为v 2，有人用锤子敲了一下钢轨的一端，另一人在另一端听到两次声音的时间间隔为t ，下列说法正确的是（v 2>v 1）（ ） A ．钢轨的长为 12 21 v v t v v - B ．声音沿钢轨从一端传到另一端所用时间为121 v t v v - C ．钢轨的长为 21 v v t - D ．声音沿钢轨从一端传到另一端所用时间为t 【答案】AB 【解析】 【详解】 AC ．设钢轨的长度为L ，由s v t = 知道，在空气中传播的时间是： 11L t v = ， 在钢轨中传播的时间是： 22 L t v = ， 时间间隔是： 1212 = t t t L L v v --=， 故解得钢管的长度是： 12 21 v v L t v v = -， 故A 正确，C 错误； BD ．声音沿钢轨从一端传到另一端所用时间是： 12 2121 2221v v t v v v v L t v v v t --===，
一、初中物理声现象问题求解方法 1．听到考试铃声，同学们立刻开始答卷，这个场景说明 A．铃声以声波的形式传播B．铃声能传递能量 C．铃声属于噪声D．铃声能传递信息 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 同学们开始答卷是因为听到的铃声，在这里铃声就是一种信息，同学们接收到了这种信息，故本题中主要是说明铃声能传递信息，故应选D． 2．关于声现象，下列说法正确的是（） A．诗句“蝉噪林逾静，鸟鸣山更幽”中“蝉声、鸟声”靠音调区分 B．诗句“路人借问遥招手，怕得鱼惊不应人”中“为了不惊动鱼”是在传播途中控制噪音C．诗句“姑苏城外寒山寺，夜半钟声到客船”中“钟声”是大钟振动产生的 D．诗句“入夜思归切，笛声清更哀”中“笛声”是靠笛子传播进入人耳的 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 A．音色是发声体特有的品质特征，可以区分声源，故诗句中“蝉声、鸟声”靠音色区分，故A错误； B．诗句“路人借问遥招手，怕得鱼惊不应人”中“为了不惊动鱼”是在声源处控制噪音，故B 错误； C．声音由振动产生，诗句中“钟声”是大钟振动产生的，故C正确； D．空气可以传播声音，诗句中“笛声”是靠空气传播进入人耳的，故D错误； 故选C。 【点睛】 注意能正确区分声音的三个特征，即音调、响度、音色，其中音色是发声体特有的特征，由声源振动的材料、方式等决定，可以用来区分声源． 3．医用的B超机利用超声波来诊断病情，但人耳听不到它的声音，这是因为（）A．声音的响度太大B．声音的频率太高，人不能觉察到 C．声音的频率低于人耳能听到的频率范围D．声音的音调太低 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 医用的B超机利用超声波来诊断病情，但人耳听不到它的声音，这是超声波，发声体的振
中考物理声现象真题汇编(含答案) 一、初中物理声现象 1．男低音独唱时由女高音轻声伴唱，则男低音比女高音（） A. 音调低，响度大 B. 音调低，响度小 C. 音调高，响度大 D. 音调高，响度小 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】声音的特性有三个：音调、响度和音色．音调是指声音的高低，响度是指声音的大小，音色是指声音的感觉特性． 【解答】因为音调是指声音的高低，所以男低音比女高音音调低． 男低音独唱时由女高音轻声伴唱，这里的“轻声伴唱”是指声音小；因为响度是指声音的大小，所以说男低音比女高音响度大． 故选A． 2．在传统文化进校园活动中，我区各校开展了丰富多彩的古诗词诵读活动．下面是小欣同学对某些诗句中蕴涵的物理知识的理解，其中正确的是（） A. “沉舟侧畔千帆过”﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣旁边的船是以沉船为参照物 B. “遥知不是雪，为有暗香来”﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣暗香说明分子间存在引力和斥力 C. “夜半钟声到客船”﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣客船上的人能听出是“钟声”，是根据声音的音调来辨别的 D. “潭清疑水浅”﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣“疑水浅”是光的反射现象 【答案】A 【解析】【解答】解：A、“沉舟侧畔千帆过”﹣旁边的船运动是以沉船为参照物的，故A正确； B、“遥知不是雪，为有暗香来”﹣暗香说明是分子在不停地做无规则运动的结果，故B错误； C、客船上的人能辨别出传来的是“钟声”，是根据声音的音色判断出来的，故C错误； D、潭清疑水浅，是由于光从水中射入空气中，在水面处发生光的折射而产生的现象，故D 错误． 故选A． 【分析】（1）判断运动是看被研究物体相对于参照物是否有位置变化；（2）物质是由分子组成的，一切物质的分子都在不停的做无规则运动；（3）不同物体发出的声音音色不同，根据音色可以判断不同的声音；（4）平面镜成像的原理是光的反射． 3．下列说法正确的是（） A. 站在加速上升的电梯里的人受到电梯地板的支持力大于人对电梯地板的压力 B. 测量体温前，用力向下甩体温计，是利用水银的惯性使它回到玻璃泡内 C. 用大小不同的力敲击同一个音叉，音叉发出声音的音调不同
一、选择题 1．如图1所示，小王同学正在弹奏吉他。下列说法错误．． 的是 A ．在不同位置按压吉他弦，可以改变音调 B ．吉他声只能在空气中传播 C ．吉他音量大小与弹奏时所用的力度有关 D ．吉他声具有能量 2．关于声现象，下列说法中正确的是 A ．声音在各种介质中的传播速度一样大 B.“闻其声而知其人”主要是根据声音的响度来判断的 C ．用超声波可击碎人体内“结石”，说明声波能传递能量 D ．市区内“禁鸣喇叭”，采用的是在声音传播过程中减弱噪声 3.关于声音的说法正确的是 A 、物体只要振动，人们就能听到声音 B 、声音只能通过介质传播 C 、声音在一切介质中的传播速度都是相同的 D 、声音中，人们听不见的声音只有超声波 4．关于声现象，下列说法中正确的是 A ．声音是由于物体振动而产生的 B ．声音在固体中的传播速度比在空气中的小 C ．可用噪声监测设备来消除噪声污染 D ．敲锣时用力越大，发出的声音音调越高 5．以下四个措施中：①马路旁的房子的窗户采用双层玻璃；②城市禁止机动车鸣喇叭；③马路两旁植树；④高架道路两侧设隔音板墙。对控制噪音污染有作用的是 A ．①② B ．②④ C ．①②④ D ．①②③④ 6．城市里部分道路设计成如图1，这种下凹道路在控制噪声方面的作用是 A ．防止车辆产生噪声 B ．在声源处减弱噪声 C ．在人耳处减弱噪声 D ．在传播过程中减弱噪声 7．使用随身听（MP3、MP4……）时，调节音量按钮实质就是改变了声音的 A ．频率 B ．音调 C ．响度 D ．音色 8．音乐小组的几位同学制作了各自的乐器，乐器发声的波形图如下图所示，对此说法不正确的是 A ．乐器发声时都在振动 B ．乐器发声的音色相同 图1 图1
中考物理试题汇编：声现象 1．（2013?岳阳）关于声现象，下列说法正确的是（） A．声音是由物体的振动产生的 B．声音可以在真空中传播 C．声源振动的幅度越大，音调越高 D．长期在强噪音环境下工作，对人体不会造成损害 2．（2013?宜昌）下列关于声音的说法，正确的是（） A．噪声不是由物体的振动产生的 B．一切正在发声的物体都在振动 C．只要物体振动，我们就能听到声音 D．声音在真空中传播速度最快 3．（2013?扬州）手掌按住正在发声的鼓面，鼓声消失了，原因是手（） A．不能传播声音B．吸收了声波 C．把声音反射回去了D．使鼓面停止了振动 4．（2013?无锡）下列实验与实例，能说明声音产生条件的是（） A．往鼓面上撒一些泡沫屑，敲鼓使泡沫屑会不停地跳动 B．美妙的歌声使人心情愉快，发动机的噪声使人心烦 C．邮局电话亭用玻璃制成，隔音效果比较好 D．月球上没有空气，宇航员只能通过无线电交谈 5．（2013?潍坊）关于声现象，下列说法正确的是（） A．一切正在发声的物体都在振动 B．声音在真空中的传播速度为3×105m/s C．放鞭炮时捂耳朵是在传播过程中减弱噪声 D．超声波能够粉碎体内“结石”是因为声波具有能量 6．（2013?苏州）某同学在学习了“声音是什么”以后，总结出以下四点，其中错误的是（）A．声音是由物体振动产生的 B．声音是一种波 C．声音具有能量 D．通常情况下，声音在空气中传播得最快 7．（2013?沈阳）下列有关声的说法正确的是（） A．在空气中超声波比次声波传播速度大 B．声音可以在真空中传播 C．噪声不是由物体振动产生的 D．利用超声波可以除去人体内的结石 8．（2013?深圳）“神十”上天，女宇航员王亚平在太空进行讲课，下列说法正确的是（）A．王亚平说话发出声音是因为声带在振动 B．地球上的学生听到王亚平的声音是靠声波传回地球的 C．在“天宫一号”里声音传播的速度为3.0×108米/秒 D．王亚平讲课声音很大是因为她的声音频率很高 9．（2013?庆阳）如图所示，用悬挂着的乒乓球接触正在发声的音叉，乒乓球 会多次被弹开．这个实验是用来探究（）
2011年中考《声现象》试题汇编 一、选择题 1．（2011杭锦旗）若把正在收看的电视机放在真空玻璃罩内，我们会发现（ D ） A．图像和声音一样正常 B．图像和声音同时消失 C．可以听到声音，但看不到图像 D．可以看到图像但听不到声音 2．（2011盐城）如图所示，小华将一只正在发声的音叉触及面颊有震感。这个实验是用来探究（ A ） A．声音产生的原因 B．决定音调的因素 C．声音能否在空气中传播
D．声音传播是否需要时间 3．（2011自贡）钓鱼时不能大声喧哗，因为鱼听到人说话声就会被吓走这说明（ D ） A．声音从空气传入水中，音调发生了变化 B．只有空气能传播声音； C．声音在水中的速度比在空气中的速度小 D．空气和水都能传播声音。 4．（2011乐山）如图所示，把正在响铃的闹钟放在玻璃罩内，逐渐抽出其中的空气，将听到：（ B ） A．声音越来越大 B．声音越来越小 C．声音大小保持不变 D．音调越来越低
5．（2011攀枝花）决定声音传播速度的是（ C ） A．响度 B．音调 C．传播声音的介质 D．音色 答案：C 6．（2011 大连）敲鼓时，用力越大，鼓面振动的幅度越大，则鼓声（C） A．音调越高 B．音色越好 C．响度越大 D．越低沉 7．（山东临沂）在公共场所“轻声”说话是文明的表现，而在旷野中要“大声”喊叫才能让较远处的人听见。这里的“轻声”和“大声”是指声音的（C） A．音色B．音调C．响度D．频率 8．（2011武汉）如图所示，将一把钢尺紧按在桌面上，一端伸出桌边，拨动钢尺，听它振动发出的声音。改变钢尺伸出桌边的长度，再次用力拨动，使钢尺两次振动的幅度大致相同，听它发出声音的变化。这个实验用来探究（ C ）
专题1 声现象 一、单选题 1．吉他上的弦绷紧时发声的音调比它不紧时高，则绷紧的弦发声比它不紧时（） A. 振幅一定更大 B. 振幅一定更小 C. 振动频率一定更低 D. 每秒内振动次数一定更多 2．关于声现象，下列说法正确的是（） A. 只要物体振动，人们就能听到声音 B. 人们能分辨蛙声和蝉鸣，是因为它们的音调不同 C. 学校周边“禁止鸣笛”，是在声源处控制噪声 D. 人们利用超声检测锅炉是否有裂纹，说明声音可以传递能量 3．关于声现象的说法正确的是（） A. 物体振动越快，发出的声音响度越大 B. 声音在真空中的传播速度是340m/s C. 人耳可以听到超声，不能听到次声 D. “闻其声而知其人”，主要是因为不同的人音色不同 4．吉他上的弦绷紧时发声的音调比它不紧时高，则绷紧的弦发声比它不紧时（） A. 振幅一定更大 B. 振幅一定更小 C. 振动频率一定更低 D. 每秒内振动次数一定更多 5．清明节是中国的传统节日，期间全国上下要燃放大量鞭炮，气氛甚是热烈！据报道由此引发的大大小小火灾甚多，造成损失很大，国家提倡要改良。今年小军同学放假回家，先到网上下载了别人录制好的鞭炮声mp3到U盘，到时插到身边听音乐用的随身听上播放，呵呵！这电子鞭炮声效果妙极了！下列说法中错．误．的是 A. 保证了声音音色的逼真 B. 可随意调节声音响度到最合适 C. 轻松避免了火灾，不留垃圾，更加环保 D. 使声能转化成电能 6．关于声现象的说法正确的是（） A. 物体的振幅越大音调越高 B. 声音在真空中的传播速度是340m/s C. 打雷时捂住耳朵可以防止雷声的产生
D. 地震、火山喷发等自然现象都伴有次声波的产生 7．城市建设和管理越来越注重“以人为本，和谐发展”的理念，如城市道路两旁植树；穿城而过的高铁两旁建有隔音板；在高噪声环境下工人需戴耳罩；跳广场舞的大妈要把音量调小一些，这些措施的共同目的是（） A. 减小噪声污染 B. 减小大气污染 C. 绿化美化环境 D. 减小水污染 8．.下列有关声和电磁波的说法正确的是 A. 它们的传播都需要介质 B. 它们都可以传递信息和能量 C. 人听到的声音大小只跟发声体的振幅有关 D. 开会时把手机调为静音是在传播过程中减弱噪声 9．在2018年《歌手2》的总决赛中，来自美国的歌手Jessie?J获得了冠军，当她在台上与帮唱嘉宾李玟一起高歌时，她们两人声音最大的不同是（） A. 音调 B. 响度 C. 音色 D. 声速 10．关于声音的产生和传播，下列说法正确的是（） A. “声纹门锁”是依据声音的响度来识别的 B. 鼓手打鼓用的力越大，鼓声的音调就越高 C. 二胡演奏的优美旋律，是由弦的振动产生的 D. 航天员在太空与地面交流时的声音是通过声波传回地球的 11．下列关于声现象的说法，正确的是（） A. 中考期间学校路段禁止鸣笛，这是在传播过程中减弱噪声 B. 声音在真空中传播速度是340m/s C. 发声体的频率高低决定了声音的音调 D. 吹口琴时，对不同气孔吹气，是为了改变声音的音色 12．关于声现象，下列说法正确的是（） A. 超声波可以在真空中传播 B. 吹笛子时，笛管振动发声 C. 汽车安装消声器，是在传播过程中减弱噪声 D. 用大小不同的力击鼓，鼓发出声音的响度不同 13．音乐会上小提琴演奏乐曲时，下列说法正确的是（） A. 演奏前，调节小提琴的琴弦松紧可改变声音的响度
专题1声现象 一、单选题 1．吉他上的弦绷紧时发声的音调比它不紧时高，则绷紧的弦发声比它不紧时（） A.振幅一定更大 B.振幅一定更小 C.振动频率一定更低 D.每秒内振动次数一定更多 2．关于声现象，下列说法正确的是（） A.只要物体振动，人们就能听到声音 B.人们能分辨蛙声和蝉鸣，是因为它们的音调不同 C.学校周边“禁止鸣笛”，是在声源处控制噪声 D.人们利用超声检测锅炉是否有裂纹，说明声音可以传递能量 3．关于声现象的说法正确的是（） A.物体振动越快，发出的声音响度越大 B.声音在真空中的传播速度是340m/s C.人耳可以听到超声，不能听到次声 D. “闻其声而知其人”，主要是因为不同的人音色不同 4．吉他上的弦绷紧时发声的音调比它不紧时高，则绷紧的弦发声比它不紧时（） A.振幅一定更大 B.振幅一定更小 C.振动频率一定更低 D.每秒内振动次数一定更多 5．清明节是中国的传统节日，期间全国上下要燃放大量鞭炮，气氛甚是热烈！据报道由此引发的大大小小火灾甚多，造成损失很大，国家提倡要改良。
今年小军同学放假回家，先到网上下载了别人录制好的鞭炮声mp3到U盘，到时插到身边听音乐用的随身听上播放，呵呵！这电子鞭炮声效果妙极了！下列说法中错 ．误的是 ． A.保证了声音音色的逼真 B.可随意调节声音响度到最合适 C.轻松避免了火灾，不留垃圾，更加环保 D.使声能转化成电能 6．关于声现象的说法正确的是（） A.物体的振幅越大音调越高 B.声音在真空中的传播速度是340m/s C.打雷时捂住耳朵可以防止xx的产生 D.地震、火山喷发等自然现象都伴有次声波的产生 7．城市建设和管理越来越注重“以人为本，和谐发展”的理念，如城市道路两旁植树；穿城而过的高铁两旁建有隔音板；在高噪声环境下工人需戴耳罩；跳广场舞的大妈要把音量调小一些，这些措施的共同目的是（） A.减小噪声污染 B.减小大气污染 C.绿化美化环境 D.减小水污染 8．.下列有关声和电磁波的说法正确的是 A.它们的传播都需要介质 B.它们都可以传递信息和能量 C.人听到的声音大小只跟发声体的振幅有关 D.开会时把手机调为静音是在传播过程中减弱噪声
2020年中考《声现象》试题汇编 一、选择题 1．（2020杭锦旗）若把正在收看的电视机放在真空玻璃罩内，我们会发现（ D ） A．图像和声音一样正常 B．图像和声音同时消失 C．可以听到声音，但看不到图像 D．可以看到图像但听不到声音 2．（2020盐城）如图所示，小华将一只正在发声的音叉触及面颊有震感。这个实验是用来探究（ A ） A．声音产生的原因 B．决定音调的因素 C．声音能否在空气中传播
D．声音传播是否需要时间 3．（2020自贡）钓鱼时不能大声喧哗，因为鱼听到人说话声就会被吓走这说明（ D ） A．声音从空气传入水中，音调发生了变化 B．只有空气能传播声音； C．声音在水中的速度比在空气中的速度小 D．空气和水都能传播声音。 4．（2020乐山）如图所示，把正在响铃的闹钟放在玻璃罩内，逐渐抽出其中的空气，将听到：（ B ） A．声音越来越大 B．声音越来越小 C．声音大小保持不变 D．音调越来越低
5．（2020攀枝花）决定声音传播速度的是（ C ） A．响度 B．音调 C．传播声音的介质 D．音色 答案：C 6．（2020 大连）敲鼓时，用力越大，鼓面振动的幅度越大，则鼓声（C） A．音调越高 B．音色越好 C．响度越大 D．越低沉 7．（山东临沂）在公共场所“轻声”说话是文明的表现，而在旷野中要“大声”喊叫才能让较远处的人听见。这里的“轻声”和“大声”是指声音的（C） A．音色B．音调C．响度D．频率 8．（2020武汉）如图所示，将一把钢尺紧按在桌面上，一端伸出桌边，拨动钢尺，听它振动发出的声音。改变钢尺伸出桌边的长度，再次用力拨动，使钢尺两次振动的幅度大致相同，听它发出声音的变化。这个实验用来探究（ C ）
一、初中物理声现象问题求解方法 1．如图所示，将一把钢尺紧按在桌面上，一端伸出桌边。拨动钢尺，听它振动发出的声音，同时注意钢尺振动的快慢。改变钢尺伸出桌边的长度，用同样的力再次拨动钢尺，比较两种情况下钢尺振动的快慢和发出的音调。下列做法中所用到的科学探究方法与此相同的是 A．地震、火山爆发、海啸等自然灾害发生时，都伴有次声波产生，而人耳听不到次声波，不能准确预测灾害的发生。使用灵敏的声学仪器也能接收到它们产生的次声波，处理这些信息，可以确定这些活动发生的方位和强度 B．人们用噪声监测仪来监测噪声的强弱等级，以便及时采取措施，控制噪声 C．人们用光线来表示光的传播径迹和方向 D．取材质相同但质量与体积均不相同的松木块，用天平测出它们的质量，用量筒量出它们的体积。通过计算得出“同种物体质量与体积的比值，即密度相同”的结论 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 题目正文中使用的探究方法是控制变量法； A．人耳听不到次声波，使用灵敏的声学仪器也能接收到它们产生的次声波，处理这些信息，可以确定这些活动发生的方位和强度，采用的是转换法，故A不符合题意； B．人的耳朵不能直接监测噪声的强弱等级，人们用噪声监测仪监测噪声的强弱等级，采取措施，控制噪声，是转换法的应用，故B不符合题意； C．用光线描绘光的传播方向，光线实际并不存在，用光线描绘光的传播方向采用是模型法；故C不符合题意； D．取材质相同但质量与体积均不相同的松木块，用天平测出它们的质量，用量筒量出它们的体积，通过计算得出“同种物体质量与体积的比值，即密度相同”的结论，这种探究方法是控制变量法，故D符合题意。 2．下列说法中，正确的是（） A．声音在真空中传播速度最快 B．汽车安装的倒车雷达是利用电磁波工作的 C．超声波清洗眼镜，是利用了声波传递能量的性质 D．声源的振幅越大，音调越高 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】
专题 1 声现象 一、单选题 1．吉他上的弦绷紧时发声的音调比它不紧时高，则绷紧的弦发声比它不紧时（） A.振幅一定更大 B.振幅一定更小 C.振动频率一定更低 D.每秒内振动次数一定更多 2．关于声现象，下列说法正确的是（） A.只要物体振动，人们就能听到声音 B.人们能分辨蛙声和蝉鸣，是因为它们的音调不同 C.学校周边“禁止鸣笛”，是在声源处控制噪声 D.人们利用超声检测锅炉是否有裂纹，说明声音可以传递能量 3．关于声现象的说法正确的是（） A.物体振动越快，发出的声音响度越大 B.声音在真空中的传播速度是 340m/s C.人耳可以听到超声，不能听到次声 D. 闻“其声而知其人”，主要是因为不同的人音色不同 4．吉他上的弦绷紧时发声的音调比它不紧时高，则绷紧的弦发声比它不紧时（） A.振幅一定更大 B.振幅一定更小 C.振动频率一定更低 D.每秒内振动次数一定更多 5．清明节是中国的传统节日，期间全国上下要燃放大量鞭炮，气氛甚是热烈！据报道由此引发的大大小小火灾甚多，造成损失很大，国家提倡要改良。
今年小军同学放假回家，先到网上下载了别人录制好的鞭炮声mp3到U盘，到 时插到身边听音乐用的随身听上播放，呵呵！这电子鞭炮声效果妙极了！下列说法中错 ．误的是 A.保证了声音音色的逼真 B.可随意调节声音响度到最合适 C.轻松避免了火灾，不留垃圾，更加环保 D.使声能转化成电能 6．关于声现象的说法正确的是（） A.物体的振幅越大音调越高 B.声音在真空中的传播速度是 340m/s C.打雷时捂住耳朵可以防止 xx 的产生 D.地震、火山喷发等自然现象都伴有次声波的产生 7．城市建设和管理越来越注重“以人为本，和谐发展”的理念，如城市道路两旁植树；穿城而过的高铁两旁建有隔音板；在高噪声环境下工人需戴耳罩；跳广场舞的大妈要把音量调小一些，这些措施的共同目的是（） A.减小噪声污染 B.减小大气污染 C.绿化美化环境 D.减小水污染 8．.下列有关声和电磁波的说法正确的是 A.它们的传播都需要介质 B.它们都可以传递信息和能量 C.人听到的声音大小只跟发声体的振幅有关 D.开会时把手机调为静音是在传播过程中减弱噪声
一、初中物理声现象问题求解方法 1．某人站在峡谷中间，当他击掌后于0.3s、0.7s听见两次回声，若声速为330m/s，则此峡谷宽度为 A．165m B．198m C．22lm D．330m 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 由击掌后经0.3s听到一边山的回声，可知声音从这边山到人所经历的时间为： 10.3s =0.15s 2 t=， 110.15s330m/s=49.5m s vt ==?， 同理，再经0.7s听到另一边山的回声，即声音从另一边山到人所用的时间为： 20.7s =0.35s 2 t=， 220.35s330m/s=115.5m s vt ==?，则峡谷的宽度为： 1249.5m+115.5m=165m s s s =+=， 故选A。 2．下列关于声音的说法中不正确的是 A．“隔墙有耳”说明固体也能传声 B．“闻其声而知其人”主要根据音色来判断的 C．“震耳欲聋”说明声音的音调高 D．引吭高歌说明声音的响度大 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】 本题考查声音的有关知识。 【详解】 A．声音可以在固体、液体和气体中传播，“隔墙有耳说”明固体可以传播声音，故A正确，不符合题意； B．不同的人发出声音的音色不同，“闻其声而知其人”主要根据音色来判断的，故B正确，不符合题意； C．“震耳欲聋”说明声音的响度大，而不是音调高，故C错误，符合题意； D．“引吭高歌”中的“高”是指声音的响度大，故D正确，不符合题意。 3．如下图所示的实验，通过听声音的变化，能够达到“探究影响声音响度的因素”这个目的
的一项是 A． B． C． D． 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 试题分析：声音的大小叫响度，响度与发声体振动的幅度有关．A中让同一小球从不同高度掉到鼓面上，一小球对鼓面的撞击力不同，发出声音的响度也不同；B是研究声音的传播；C和D是研究音调与发声体振动的频率的关系．故选A 考点：音调；响度；声音的传播 4．如图所示，将一把钢尺紧按在桌面上，一端伸出桌边。拨动钢尺，听它振动发出的声
江苏徐州睢宁县双沟第二中学宋晓楼 一、选择题 1．（2011杭锦旗）若把正在收看的电视机放在真空玻璃罩内，我们会发现（D ） A．图像和声音一样正常 B．图像和声音同时消失 C．可以听到声音，但看不到图像 D．可以看到图像但听不到声音 2．（2011盐城）如图所示，小华将一只正在发声的音叉触及面颊有震感。这个实验是用来探究（A ） A．声音产生的原因 B．决定音调的因素 C．声音能否在空气中传播 D．声音传播是否需要时间 3．（2011自贡）钓鱼时不能大声喧哗，因为鱼听到人说话声就会被吓走这说明（ D ） A．声音从空气传入水中，音调发生了变化 B．只有空气能传播声音； C．声音在水中的速度比在空气中的速度小 D．空气和水都能传播声音。 4．（2011乐山）如图所示，把正在响铃的闹钟放在玻璃罩内，逐渐抽出其中的空气，将听到：（B ）
A．声音越来越大B．声音越来越小 C．声音大小保持不变D．音调越来越低 5．（2011攀枝花）决定声音传播速度的是（C ） A．响度 B．音调 C．传播声音的介质 D．音色 答案：C 6．（2011 大连）敲鼓时，用力越大，鼓面振动的幅度越大，则鼓声（C） A．音调越高B．音色越好C．响度越大D．越低沉 7．（山东临沂）在公共场所“轻声”说话是文明的表现，而在旷野中要“大声”喊叫才能让较远处的人听见。这里的“轻声”和“大声”是指声音的（C） A．音色B．音调C．响度D．频率 8．（2011武汉）如图所示，将一把钢尺紧按在桌面上，一端伸出桌边，拨动钢尺，听它振动发出的声音。改变钢尺伸出桌边的长度，再次用力拨动，使钢尺两次振动的幅度大致相同，听它发出声音的变化。这个实验用来探究（ C ） A．声音能否在固体中传播
2019中考物理分类试题汇编1：声现象1．（2019福建）4.公共场所不要高声喧哗，这里的“高”是指声音的 A.响度 B.音调 C. 音色 D.频率 【答案】A 2．（2019眉山）下列与声现象有关的说法中正确的是（） A．高速公路两旁的隔音板可防止噪声的产生 B．汽车安装的倒车雷达是利用超声波工作的 C．医生用听诊器检查病情时，提高了声音的音调 D．太空中的宇航员能对话，表明声音能够在真空中传播 【答案】B 3．（2019达州）1.下列关于声现象的说法中正确的是（） A.只要物体振动，我们就定能听到声音 B.“隔墙有耳”说明固体可以传声 C.汽车的“倒车雷达”是利用次声传递能量 D.声源的振幅越大，听到声音的响度就定越大 【答案】B 4．（2019达州）2.下列关于光现象的说法中正确的是（ C ） A.站在岸边看见水中的白云是光的折射形成的 B.我们能看清物体是因为眼睛能发出光线 C.近视眼应配戴凹透镜矫正 D.用放大镜看物体时物体定被放大 【答案】C 5．（2019成都）3.如图所示为音叉共鸣实验:两个频率相同的音叉,用橡皮槌敲击其中一个音叉，另一个未被敲击的音叉也会发出声音。此现象可以说明（） A.声音能够传递能量 B.声音传播不需要介质 C.声音传播不需要时间 D.物体不振动也可产生声音
【答案】A 6．（2019长沙）1. 鸟鸣清脆如玉，琴声婉转悠扬，声音对于我们来说再熟悉不过了，下列关于声现象的说法正确的是（） A.发声的琴弦在振动 B.长而粗的琴弦与短而细的琴弦发出声音的音调相同 C.悠扬的琴声无论在什么情况下都属于乐音 D.布谷鸟的叫声让我们感知季节的更替，说明声音能够传递能量 【答案】A 7．(2019鄂州)13．成语“引吭高歌”中的“高”是指声音的 A．音调高B．响度大 C．音色美D．频率高 【答案】B 8．(2019枣庄)4．关于图2所示四幅图片的说法中，正确的是 A．图片A所示的实验表明，真空不能传声 B．图片B所示的实验表明，频率越高，音调越低 C．图片C所示的实验表明，噪声可以在人耳处减弱 D．图片D中的蝙蝠利用发出的电磁波导航 【答案】A 9．（2019青岛）下列关于声现象的说法，错误的是 A声音是由物体振动产生的，以声波的形式传播 B声音的传播需要介质，在不同介质中传播速度一般不同
一、初中物理声现象问题求解方法 1．如图是用小锤敲击同一音叉时，示波器在相同时间内截取的两列声波图，一次重敲，一次轻敲，下列说法正确的是 A．重敲时音调高，甲图是重敲时的声波图 B．轻敲时响度大，两次敲击音色相同 C．甲的响度比乙的大，甲的音调也比乙的高 D．两次音调、音色都相同，乙图是轻敲时声波图 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 （1）频率是1s物体振动的次数，相同时间内振动越快，频率越大．音调跟频率有关，频率越大，音调越高． （2）振幅是物体振动时偏离原位置的大小，偏离原位置越大，振幅越大．响度跟振幅有关，振幅越大，响度越大． （3）音色是由发声体本身决定的一个特性． 【详解】 由图可知，两幅图中音叉振动的快慢相同（都有3个波峰和2个波谷），因此声音的音调相同；由图知，物体振动时偏离原位置的程度不相同（即振幅不同），因此响度不相同；甲振动时偏离程度大，甲的振幅大，所以甲的响度大，即音量大，所以，甲图是重敲时的声波图，乙图是轻敲时声波图．用木槌敲击同一音叉，音色是不变的，只有D选项说法正确． 故选D． 【点睛】 掌握声音的三个特征：音调、响度、音色，会观察波形图进行判断．音调跟频率有关；响度跟振幅有关；音色跟材料和结构有关． 2．关于下列四个情景的说法错误的（） A．发声扬声器旁的烛焰晃动，说明声波能传递能量
B．不能听到真空罩中闹钟的闹铃声，说明声波的传播需要介质 C．发声的音叉将乒乓球弹开，说明发声的物体在振动 D．8个相同玻璃瓶装不同高度的水，敲击它们时发出声音的音色 不同 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 A．扬声器发出的声音使烛焰不停晃动，说明声音能传递能量，该选项正确，不符合题意； B．当空气被不断抽出后，铃声逐渐减弱，最后听不到，说明声音的传播需要介质，真空不能传声，该选项正确，不符合题意； C．当乒乓球接触到音叉时被弹开，说明发声体在振动，该选项正确，不符合题意； D．8个相同玻璃瓶装不同高度的水，敲击它们时，音色是相同的，但振动的频率不同，音调不同，故D错误，符合题意。 故选D。 3．已知月球对物体也有引力，“嫦娥四号”月球探测器的成功登陆月球，标志着中国人实现“奔月”的梦想将成为现实，试分析，下列哪种活动在月球上不可实现 A．利用录音机录下自己的歌声 B．利用凸透镜探究成像规律 C．利用天平测物体的质量 D．利用弹簧测力计测物体的重力 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 A．在月球上利用录音机录下自己的歌声不能实现，因为声音传播靠介质，月球上是真空，声音不能传播，所以不能利用录音机录下自己的歌声，故A符合题意； B．在月球上利用凸透镜探究成像规律可以实现，因为光能在真空中传播，所以能利用凸透
初中物理试卷分类汇编物理声现象(及答案) 一、初中物理声现象 1．暖水瓶的瓶胆夹壁中是真空，小明想利用它来探究真空能否传声．他把音乐贺卡里的电子发声器放入瓶中，根据听到的声音进行判断。在他设计的下列几组比较因素中最合理的是 A. 塞上瓶塞和不塞瓶塞进行比较 B. 把瓶胆放在近处和远处进行比较 C. 用一个完好的和一个已经漏气的瓶胆进行比较 D. 将音量大小不同的芯片先后放入瓶胆中进行比较 【答案】 C 【解析】【解答】A、不塞瓶塞时声音通过空气向外传播，塞上瓶塞时声音通过瓶塞向外传播，探究的是固体传声和气体传声，A选项设计不合理； B、把瓶胆放在近处和远处进行比较，没有控制距离的大小，不符合控制变量法的思想，无法比较，B选项设计不合理； C、完好的瓶胆夹壁中都是真空的，漏气的瓶胆不是真空的，可以验证真空能否传声，C选项设计合理； D、将音量大小不同的芯片先后放入瓶胆中，没有控制声音响度大小，不符合控制变量法的思想，无法比较，D选项设计不合理； 故答案为：C. 【分析】目的是验证真空能否传声，所以我们需要比较的是真空和非真空条件下，物体发出的声音，我们是否能听到，需要选取的器材应该一个是真空条件下的，另一个是非真空条件下的． 2．下面四句话中正确的是（） A. 用超声波清洗钟表等精密仪器，说明声波能传递能量 B. 医生使用的听诊器减小了声音的分散，使传入人耳的音调更高 C. 声音在真空中的传播速度为340m/s D. 摩托车发动机的排气管上附加消声器是在传播过程中减弱噪声 【答案】A 【解析】【解答】解：A、因为声波能传递能量，超声波是高频率高能量，所以可以用超声波清洗钟表等精密仪器，故A正确； B、听诊器可以减小声音的分散，使传入人耳的响声更大，故B错误； C、声音在真空中不能传播，故C错误； D、排气管上附加消声器是在声源处减弱噪声，故D错误． 故选A． 【分析】解决此题要掌握：（1）声音的响度与声源振动的幅度有关，振动幅度越大，响度越大；（2）声音在不同介质中传播速度不同，固体传声最快，液体次之，气体最慢．（3）防治噪声污染可以从噪声的产生、噪声的传播及噪声的接收这三个环节进行防治；（4）防治噪声污染可以从噪声的产生、噪声的传播及噪声的接收这三个环节进行防
专题 1 声现象 一、单选题1．吉他上的弦绷紧时发声的音调比它不紧时高，则绷紧的弦发声比它不紧时（） A. 振幅一定更大 B. 振幅一定更小 C. 振动频率一定更低 D. 每秒内振动次数一定更多 2 ．关于声现象，下列说法正确的是（） A. 只要物体振动，人们就能听到声音 B. 人们能分辨蛙声和蝉鸣，是因为它们的音调不同 C. 学校周边“禁止鸣笛”，是在声源处控制噪声 D. 人们利用超声检测锅炉是否有裂纹，说明声音可以传递能量 3 ．关于声现象的说法正确的是（） A. 物体振动越快，发出的声音响度越大 B. 声音在真空中的传播速度是340m/s C. 人耳可以听到超声，不能听到次声 D. “闻其声而知其人”，主要是因为不同的人音色不同4．吉他上的弦绷紧时发声的音调比它不紧时高，则绷紧的弦发声比它不紧时（） A. 振幅一定更大 B. 振幅一定更小 C. 振动频率一定更低 D. 每秒内振动次数一定更多 5．清明节是中国的传统节日，期间全国上下要燃放大量鞭炮，气氛甚是热烈！据报道由此引发的大大小小火灾甚多，造成损失很大，国家提倡要改良。今年小军同学放假回家，先到网上下载了别人录制好的鞭炮声mp3到U盘，到时插到身边听音乐用的随身听上播放，呵呵！这电子鞭炮声效果妙极了！下列说法中错误．的是 A. 保证了声音音色的逼真 B. 可随意调节声音响度到最合适 C. 轻松避免了火灾，不留垃圾，更加环保 D. 使声能转化成电能6．关于声现象的说法正确的是（） A. 物体的振幅越大音调越高 B. 声音在真空中的传播速度是340m/s C. 打雷时捂住耳朵可以防止雷声的产生 D. 地震、火山喷发等自然现象都伴有次声波的产生 7．城市建设和管理越来越注重“以人为本，和谐发展”的理念，如城市道路两旁植树；穿城而过的高铁两旁建有隔音板；在高噪声环境下工人需戴耳罩；跳广场舞的大妈要把音量调小一些，这些措施的共同目的是（） A. 减小噪声污染 B. 减小大气污染 C. 绿化美化环境 D. 减小水污染