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定语从句只用that

定语从句只用that
定语从句只用that

定语从句只用that

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1. 当先行词是everything, anything,nothing (something 除外),all,

none, few,little, some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all,s ome, no,little,few, much等词修饰时。

如:?Have you set down everythingthatMrLi said??There seemsto benothing that isimpossible to himintheworld.

注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。如:?Anymanthat/ who has a senseof duty won’t dosuchathing.

All the guests that / who were invited toherwedding were impor tantpeople.2?.当先行词被序数词修饰时。

如:

The first American moviethat I watched was the Titanic.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:

Thisis the bestmuseum that I have visited all my life.

4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the first/last等修饰时。

如:

She is the only personthatunderstandsme.

Afterthe big fire,the old car istheonly thing thatheowns. ?注意: 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用关系代词who。如:?WangHua is the only person in our schoolwho will attend the meeting.

5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如:

Whois the man thatisstanding infrontofthecrowd?

Which istheroom that Mr Wanglives in?

6.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如:

Look attheman and his donkey that are walking up thestreet.?7.当先行词是reason, way(方法)等词时,关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why,也常可省略。如:?Sheadmiredthe way(that)they solvedthe questions.

定语从句中只用WHO,不用that的情况一卡通

定语从句中只用WHO,不用that的情况

1 先行词是one, ones

或anyone时;先行词

为those或被tho

se修饰,指人时One who does not workhard will never succeed. Anyonewho breaksthe lawshouldbepunished.

She is the onlyone of the students who has been totheUSA.

Thosewho learnnot onlyfrom books but also throughpracticewillsucceed.

2 在以there be…的

句子中,先行词为人时There is a comrade outside who wantsto seeyou.

3 当定语从句中又有定

语从句,且先行项都为

人时The student that won thefirstprize is the monitor who works hard.

4 当指人的先行项被一

些指物的名词修饰时 Th ere 's only on e stu dent i n the s chool wh o I wa nt to see.

Do yo u kn ow the woman in bl ue with a ba by

on her b ac k who is work ing in the f ie lds?

在非限制性定语从句中指人 I m et a fr ien d of mine in th e st ree t, who had j ust co me fro m Ameri ca . 6

定语从句中有插入语时, 且先行项为人时 Jack so n is a man who I believ e is ho nest.

1. 先行词是one , ones 或an yone 时;先行词为those 或被th os e修饰,指人时 One wh o doe s no t work hard wil l nev er su c

ceed.?Anyone who breaks th e la w s ho uld b e pu nishe d.

She is t he only one of the stude nt s who has bee n

to the USA.

Thos e who lea rn not only fr om bo oks b ut also

th rou gh pra ctic e will su cce ed.

4. 当先行词有t he very , the onl y, the sa me 等修饰时,通常用that :

Thi s is the only examp le that I kno w. 我知道的

例子只有这一个。Th os e are the very words tha t h e u sed. 那是他的原话。

2. 在以there be…的句子中,先行词为人时 T her e is a co mra de o utside w ho wants to se e

you.

3. 当定语从句中又有定语从句,且先行项都为人时 T he stude nt th at won the first p riz e is the mo n

ito r who w orks h ard.

4. 当指人的先行项被一些指物的名词修饰时 Th ere 's only on e stud ent in the scho o

l who I want t o see .?Do you kn ow th e woman in

bl ue w ith a baby on her ba ck wh o is working in

the fields?

5.

在非限制性定语从句中指人 I met a f rie nd of mine i n the stre et, wh o had just come from Amer ica. 6. 定语从句中有插入语时, 且先行项为人时

Jack son is a man who I believe is hon est.

5. 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last , next 等)等修饰时,通常用tha t: Th is is th e best dic tionary th at I’ve e ver

used . 这是我用过的最好的词典。T he first thi ng that you shoul d do i s to w ork o ut a pla n. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。

3. 当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时muc h, l itt le, non e, a ll, fe w, every (t hi ng), a ny (thin g), n o(thing ) 等时,通常用th at: Al l th at she lacked w as traini ng. 她缺的只是训练。

H ave you every thing that yo u need? 你需要的东西都有了吗?The s leeping ma n’s sub cons ci ous mind r et aine d everything t hat wa s said aro un d him . 这位酣睡的人头脑的下意识能记住他周围的人说的话。Sh e would ne ve r do anyt hing that w as no t approved of b y her paren ts . 她父母不赞同的

事她绝不会做。

③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略): Tom is not the boy (t ha t) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。

Ch ina is n ot the c ountr y (tha t) i t wa s.

中国已不是过去的中国了。

定语从句中只用TH AT,不用whi ch 的情况

1. 当先行词是不定代词,如all, e verything, any thing, n othing, m uch , f ew, li tt le, no ne , th e one 等

A ll THA T can be do ne h as b een don e.

I di dn 't want this recorder ; I want the oneTHAT was borrow ed yesterda y.

2. 先行词(指物的)前面有only, few, one of, litt le , no , al l, eve ry, v ery 等词修饰时 The re 's no d iffi culty THA T we c an't over

co me.?I've r ead all the bo oks THA T can be b orr owed here.

Th is is t he v ery m an THAT I want to see.

3. 先行词被序数词fi rst, l ast, next 等或形容词的最高级修饰时 This is the first l etter THAT I've wri tten in E

nglish .?Sh e is the most ca ref ul girl T

HAT I've ever known.

4. 当先行词既有人又有物时 They t alked about the p eople and pla ce

s THATth ey had vi si ted .

I made a speech on the me n and thi ngs t

hat I h ad se en abroad . 我就我在国外所

见到的人和事作了报告。

They t alked about t he pers ons and

things that mos t impr ess ed t hem . 他们谈

论了使他们印象最深的人和事。

5. 当先行词是系动词be 后面表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时 Sh anghai isn't the ci ty THA T it u sed to be 60

ye ars ago.?He is no l onger t he man T H

AT he used t o b e.

6. 当主句是以w ho ,

which 或wha t开头的特殊疑问句时8. 当要避免重复时: Who is the ma n THAT is wait ing at th e s ch ool gate?

Wh ich is the car THAT ran o ve r a do g y

esterday?

What did you see THAT madeyousoangry?

Who was itthat won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯?

Which is the course thatwe are to take? 我们选哪门课程?

7. 当主句以Therebe…结构开头

时,或关系代词在there be…

结构中作实义主语,先行项为物There is aseat in thecorner THAT is still free.?There are two books on history THA Tarefor you.

The9.15is the fastesttrain THATthere has ever been.

8..当先行词是基数词时YesterdayI caught two fishand put t

hem in a basinofwater. Now you can

see the two THATare still alive.

一、定语从句中只能使用关系词which不使用that的情况主要有: 1.在非限制性定

语从句中只能使用关系词which,不能使用关系词that2.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能使用关系词which,不能使用that 二、定语从句中只能使用关系词t hat不能使用which的情况主要有:1.当先行词是不定代词时,如:all ,few, littl e,much,every,something,anything,everything等2. 当先行词被不定代词little, few, no, any等或被the only, thevery,thesame等修饰时等3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时4. 先行词既有人又有物时5. 在疑问词which开头的句子中

定语从句中只用that而不用which的五种情况

---------看后有感

引导定语从句的关系代词有:that(指人或物),which(指物),who(指人)。指人时可用that 或who ;指物时可用that 或which;但有时只能用that,不能用which。常见的情况有下列五种:

1) 当先行词是:all , any , anything, everything , nothing或被它们修饰

时。例如:

Isthere anything thatI can do for you?

有什么可以为你做的吗?

All that can be done must be done.

凡是能做的都必须做。

2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如:

That isone of the most interesting books that are sold inthe booksho p.

那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。

Thefirst thingthat weshould do isto get some food.

我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。

3)当先行词有:theonly , thevery, the same ,the last 等修饰时。例如:

My necklace is nottheonlything that's missing.

我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。

4)当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或wh o。例如:

Who is the girl that iswearing a red coat?

正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁?

5)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that 。例如:

The writer and hisnovelthat you have justtalked about are reallywellknown.

你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。

解剖:要搞清这个问题,我们首先要明白这样一个规定:which用来指代具体的,特定的物,或者说明晰的物,而who用来指具体的人,特定的人,或者说明晰的人。那么上帝当初把that创造出来,还有一个目的,就是要用它来指代非特定的,非具体的,非同一的,模糊的,泛指的人或物,或人和物的混合。还有一个问题是,上帝创造英语时,同样也要考虑到的。那就是,英语作为这个物质世界的一个存在,如同人类这个物质存在一样,也要讲究美,没有理由的“重复”肯定不是美的(当然也会讲究简洁等,所认我们学英语一定要把“英语”当作“人”一样来对待,因为在上帝眼中,英语与人同样是他的子民。哈哈,题外话说得太多了,这个大问题留待以后再讲)。

一、1---3种情况所表示人或物均不是特定的,即是泛指的,所以只能用that.

二、第4种情况,如果用who或which会导致从复。

三、第5种情况,先行词里既有人又有物,如果用who,完成了指人,但是把物漏掉了,反

之亦然,这显然不行,所以那就只能用that了。

哈哈,还有话要说:

其实上面这个总结,并不是本人总结的,我只不过是想偷赖,转抄了一个中学英语教师的东西。但是,这个英语教师并没解释为什么有这五种情况存在。而这种解释工作,正好是本人的老本行,本人的一爱好。本人也可以说是专门搞这个事的。

其实,如果我不偷赖,我会总结得比他更全面,当然,现在也就只能稍稍补充了。比方说,还有一种情况他就没有总结进去。那就是,当形容词性从句的谓语为be,关系代词在从句中又作表语时,应该用that换言之,只能用that(当然也可以省略)。举两个例子吧,John isnottheman (that)he was.It is not a profound book thatyou th ink it tobe.

当然,英语中的特例情况也是比较多的,值得提醒的是,anything,something等后面的形容词从句通常都用that引导,但偶而也可用which代替that。(这又是为什么呢,欢迎有志之士赐教)

顺便说,像that在作主语、表语、宾语等从句时,不也是这种情况吗?你看,如果这些从句里能够提取一个how, 或wh-之类的东东来,我们就不用that。相反,如果提不出来,我们就用that。这难道不是又在明确地告诉我们,that不是个正儿巴经的东东吗?

因为只有当wh-,或how这些东东,没有出现或没有被隐含在从句中时,上帝才考虑让它来替代他们做点事(看来在这个英语语言世界里也有高低贵贱之分,上帝也不是在任何时候都总是能够做到绝对的公平)。

或许是这个英语教师他或她本人不想把解释说出来,怕学生听不懂,还或许压根就是自已本来就不懂,不知道怎么解释。还有一种或许,就是教育部规定的高中的英语,只需要学生掌握这些就行,也不求学生知道为什么,等到他们读大学英语专业是再告诉他们(就我

所知,大多数大学的英语老师也是不懂这个为什么的)。悲哀啊!中国的中学生,大学生,中国的教育。试想,教师是答疑解惑的,你不知道解释为什么或不解释为什么,你(们)是什么老师呀!让学生去死记硬背,学生的脑袋是电脑吗?他记得下来吗?光这一种情况就有你们所说的五种情况,还有其它的知识点,神仙也记不下来的呀,这是常识。即使记下来了,没有真正理解,搞懂为什么,他学的是什么英语呀,最终结果是学了那么多年英语,脑袋还是一片混钝。当然,也许是他们故意要这么做的,这样才能永远让他们当所谓的英语“泰斗”,大学才好继续赚学生或其父母的血汗钱。

在我们的初中、高中和大学的可以堆积成几大罗筐的英语教科书里,又何止只有这一个所谓的“在定语从句里,只用that而不用which或who的五种基本形式”的简单罗列而没有作必要的解释呢。再清楚不过了,中国的英语教育只给学生简单机械地罗列了诸多的英语语言现象,几乎完全没有告诉学生为什么会产生这些语言现象,根本没有对各种或各类语言现象或各种语法规则作出解释。而这种解释恰恰是英语学习者要向他或她的老师获取的最最重要的英语听说读写的核心知识。毫无疑问,这种状况不改变,中国的绝大数学生,纵使花费了巨额的金钱,还有比金钱贵重无数倍的宝贵时间,也是绝不可能学会英语的。

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