高考英语阅读理解专题讲座
一高考阅读理解题的特点
1 文章体裁丰富，一定要有记叙文，说明文和应用文，题材多样，会涉及到奇文轶事、家庭趣事、社会现象、自然现象、科学发现、健康与疾病，游记广告等等；
2 总阅读量在2000字左右，文字难度保持稳定，但要求同学具有分析长难句子的能力；
3 文章都是没有改编的原汁原味的原文，体现了现代英语的特点，加大了内容的复杂程度，反映了现代科学及现实生活中的新发展新变化，要求考生具备一定的科学文化知识和英美国家的风俗习惯以及文化背景知识。
二考试说明中规定阅读理解主要考查的能力理解文章主题含义的能力
2 理解文章具体信息的能力
3 根据上下文推测词义的能力
4 对文章内容进行推理判断的能力
5理解作者的意图和态度的能力
6 理解文章的基本结构
三常用解题方法（三遍阅读法）
第一遍：浏览全文，把握文章大意
第二遍：扫读语块，搜索有效信息
第三遍：查读题项，定位正确答案
四阅读理解题目设置类型
1 浅层理解细节题
2 深层理解中心思想
细节转述题最佳标题
数字题作者意图
图表题推断题
排序题划线句子和段落在文章中的作用五阅读理解的主要题型
1 主旨大意
（一）这种题型常见的提问方式：
(1) The best title/headline for this passage is _______.
(2) The passage (or the first paragraph) is mainly about ________.
(3) What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage?
(4) Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
(5) The passage chiefly discusses/deals with ________.
(6) Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?
(7) What topic is treated in the passage?
(8) The passage makes clear that ________.
(9) Which of the following best sum up the passage?
（二）怎样挖掘文章主旨
1、依照中心词确定主题。
2、抓住主题句来确定主题
（1）识别主题句与细节
① rais es some farm animals.
② has 30 cows, about 300 hens and he keeps some pigs as well.
(2)主题句的定位（分析文章结构）
①开门见山，点出主题（主题句出现在开头）
②详细论证，总结陈词（主题句出现在结尾）
③引题过渡，引出主题（主题句出现在中间）
（三）怎样捕捉标题
文章的标题是段落中心思想的简练的表达形式。它的特点是：短小精练，多为短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随便改变语言表意的程度和色彩。那么如何迅速地捕捉标题呢？首先要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或者短语与文章主题是否有着密切的关系；其次要看它对文章的概括性或者覆盖面如何；然后还要看标题是否过大或者过小。
（四）技巧及注意事项
（1）无论它出现在题目当中哪个位置，都建议作为最后一道题去做，因为做完其它题目以后会对主旨的理解有帮助。
（2）主旨在文章中间时，遇到文章前后段意思转折，要提高警惕。
（3）首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答就是文章主旨。
（4）正确选项不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定和绝对意义的词，覆盖面不能过大也不能过小。细节理解
（一）这种题型常见的提问方式：
(1) Which of the following is NOT included/ mentioned in the passage?
(2) Which of the following (sentences /statements) is NOT true?
(3) According to the passage, all of the following are true except/but _____.
(4) Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
(5) Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of…?
(6) Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what …is like?
(二) 常见的细节理解题型及解题方法：
1）排序题。
方法：“首尾定位法”（找出第一个动作和最后的一个动作，缩小选择范围）
2）图形辨认题
方法：“按文索图法”（找出描绘图形的句段，进行文图对照）
3）数字换算题
方法：“列表推算法”（找出与题干相关的数据列表或推算）
4）表格理解题
方法：“文表分析法”（把题干、选项与表格对照分析）
5）应用广告类事实信息题
方法：“题干定位法”（直接阅读题干，在文中找答案，不必阅读全文）
（三）技巧及注意事项
（1）命题者往往通过改变或去掉特定的修饰语（all, every, always, never, completely, altogether 等），使信息范围，程度,色彩发生细微变化，从而导致考生误选。（扩缩范围干扰法）（2）注意顺藤摸瓜，在文章中找到句子，通常不可能与阅读材料完全一样，而是换用不同的表达方式。(词义转换+语义转换)
3推理判断
（一）这种题型常见的提问方式：
(1) We can know from the passage that ______.
(2) We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ______.
(3) The passage implies that ________.
(4) The passage suggests that _________.
(5) It can be concluded from the passage that _______.
(6) The underlined sentence indicates that _______.
(7) From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ______.
（二）怎样做出推理判断
此题型是阅读理解中较难的题型，属于深层次理解题。在试卷中数量不断增多，有时会达到阅读理解试题的一半左右。它要求考生根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层次内涵。做这类题时要注意：在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。
针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。
针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证(opinion and fact)、原因与结果(cause and effect)、主观点与次观点(main idea and supporting idea)。
（三）技巧及注意事项
(1)正确选项并非对原文的简单复述，而是作者在文章中没有提到的，没有明说的，或者可能发生的事实，勿把直接表达当作间接推理。
(2)注意文章中含义深刻或结构复杂的句子，考生对作者表达的意思能不能一下子看懂，也是命题点所在。
4作者意图（态度）
（一）这种题型常见的提问方式：
(1) The author seems to be in favor of / against ______.
(2) The author’s purpose of writing this passage is _______.
(3) The author may probably agree with/ support _______.
(4) What’s the author’s attitude /viewpoint towards _______?
(5) How does the author feel about ________?
(6) The author implies that _______. The author gives the impression that ________.
(8) In the author’s opinion, ________.
(9) The tone of the author may be _______.
(二) 怎样揣摩作者的意图或态度
要吃透文章，就要搜索文章的关键字眼和关键句子，要熟悉各种文体，尤其要把握作者的语气，是严肃或轻松，幽默或讽刺，平和或激动，乐观或悲观等等。此外，还要注意文章中一些细节性的用词，如however, even though, but 等连接词往往和作者的态度有关。
一种方法是靠词汇的色彩来判断。
表示褒义的有：乐观的optimistic；赞美的praising;自信的confident;赞成的favorable;积极的positive;认真的serious;负责的 responsible, dutiful,令人信服的 convincing。
表示贬义的有：讽刺的ironic;厌恶的disgusted;否定的/反对的negative;怀疑的suspicious;沮丧的depressed;痛苦的bitter;悲观的pessimistic；不负责的irresponsible；无法预料的unforeseeable。
表示中性的：中立的neutral；冷淡的 indifferent；主观的subjective;客观的objective;不动感情的impassive
另一种方法是靠文章的结构特点来判断，如果一篇文章的结尾部分是并列的疑问，则作者是一种客观的态度，如果结尾部分是有问有答的形式，则作者的态度是主观的态度。如果一篇文章的结尾部分使用数据表明了一个趋势向不好的方面发展，则作者是悲观的态度。反之，作者是乐观的态度。
（三）技巧及注意事项
（1）不要把自己的态度揉入其中,也要区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度
(2)当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断.
5 猜测词义
（一）这种题型常见的提问方式：
(1) The word “…”in the passage means______.
(2) The word “…” could be best replaced by _____.
(3) Which of the following is nearest/closest in meaning to _______.
(4) The word “…” probably refers to ______.
(5) According to the passage, the word “…” is known as ______.
（二）技巧及注意事项
（1）切记：无论这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意思；无论这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。
（2）正确选项通常不是熟词的常规含义
（三）解题常用方法
Ⅰ针对性的解释
针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义
如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, . 等>或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
例you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims as its own.（2005年湖北卷）
[分析]由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。
例2. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷）According to the passage ,The Pines is a .
A．place in which you can see many mobile homes
B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley
C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park
D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
[分析]通过whose引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D。
2.根据举例猜测词义。恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例3. The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discovers are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.
[分析]根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的epochal是指“重大的”。
Ⅱ 内在逻辑关系
1.根据对比、比较关系猜测词义
表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。句子结构：while 引导的并列句。
表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。
例child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.
What does the underlined wo rd “hassle” probably mean? （2002年NMET）
party designed by specislists
plan requiring careful thought
situation causing difficulty or trouble
demand made by guests
[分析]根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。
例 loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是“健谈的”。
2.根据因果关系猜测词义
例that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”（2005年上海卷）
The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to
“” .
A．full of respect confident and rude
C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet
[分析]根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（“既然你是我的上司”），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：“冒失的，放肆的”意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。
3.根据说明、并列、同义近义、、反义等关系猜测词义
例Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.” （2005年江苏卷）
The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy
[分析]句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled 的意思是：“混合的，交织的”。
例 women in China ---educated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-----work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.
[分析]后面的urban and rural, the young and old之间都有反义关系，运用这个关系可以推断illiterated为“未接受过教育的，即文盲”
Ⅲ 构词法
在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-（超），inter-（在…之间），mini-（极），micro-（极微小的），re-（再，反复），sub-（底下），co-（共同），post-（后），pre-（前），trans-（转换），mis-（误），un/in/im/dis/ir/il/non-（不，非），anti-（反，防），-able（能…的），-hood（状态，时期），-ish（如……的，有点儿），-proof（防……的），-some（易于…），-wards（向），-less（不，无）
1.根据前缀猜测词义
例 you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools? （2005年江西卷）根据词根educational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational 的意思是：“男女同校教育的”意思。
2.根据后缀猜测词义
例10. It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an
uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．（2005年广东卷）
后缀 -ise/ize意思是“使成为…；使…化”，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出uncommercialized 的意思是：“未被商业化的”。
3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例 tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well–designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.（2005年北京卷）
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是“设计精巧的”意思。
4.猜测词性变换新词含义
例 other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. （2004年山东卷）
head本为名词，表头。由the bus和home的语境逻辑可以推断，该句head为动词，表方向，结合全句可译为“开往、驶向”。
例 had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. （2004全国卷Ⅱ）
cloud本为名词，表云。分析语境逻辑可知，忧虑会影响一个人的判断，因此该句clouded应译为使难以……。
Ⅳ 生活常识
运用自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。下面文字中划线单词的词义你能猜出来吗？
例 fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.
句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们：beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”。
六阅读理解中长难句的理解
（1）找准主干，关键是主句的主谓结构，方法是先将句子的修饰成分（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句和非谓语动词）去掉，露出主句的真面貌，然后再分析修饰部分和主句的关系。另外在一个长句中可能会出现若干个从句，如果把整个的长句从头到尾理解透，势必很难。如果把各个从句剔出来单独理解，再把大意拼凑起来，构成整个长句的意思，就可降低长句的理解难度。
（2）理清逻辑和思路。一些长句其实就是一个由主句和若干个从句组成的一个多层次的主从复合句，因而一定要搞清主句和从句之间的逻辑关系。只要把逻辑关系搞清楚了，把主句的意思和从句的意思按逻辑意义进行理解，则长难句就好对付了。平时要注意积累表示各种逻辑关系的连词和短语，常见的有，表目的： so that, for the purpose that, in order that 等；表结果：so…that, such…that, that…, as a result, therefore, thus等；表条件：if, on condition that, unless等；表原因：because, since, as等。
（3）把握关键词。如果对一个长难句子一点感觉也没有,下下之策就是别把长、难句当句子看，只要能大体理解句中的关键词，也可以大体猜出了这个句子的意思。
例（1）Finally,①although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job,②recent graduates report that ③they
don’t regret their choice of study.(NMET 2004)) ①The woman at the desk gave him a bright smile②as he entered and, ③after Peter had explained what sort of room ④he was looking for, ⑤he paid two pounds for a list of about half a dozen landladies⑥who had rooms to let. (NMET 2004)
译文：(1)最终尽管有些主修社会科学的学生在找第一份工作时比学工科的同学要困难些，但是一些刚刚大学毕业的社会学生并不后悔他们的专业选择。
(2)当Peter进来时，坐在桌边的女士向他爽朗地笑了笑。在Peter告诉她他在找什么房子后，她让Peter 交了两磅买了一份大约有六个要出租房子的女房东的名单。
以下是对2008年各省、市高考英语阅读理解中的一些有代表性的长难句的解析。
response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids in are now 300，000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the world’s largest youth environmental organization.
(NMET 2008 山东卷D篇)
简析：第一句中夹杂有一个结果状语从句，又有复杂主语。主语的中心语为The response，其后的to her request for help为后置定语，第二句是由and并列的两个简单句，其中第二句中承前省略了主语kids FACE。
译文：人们对她请求帮助的反应如此强烈以至于波建立了一个为了更洁净环境的孩子的组织。现在这个组织在全世界有300，000名成员，并且它是世界上最大的青少年环保组织。
实例： is______.
program to help students with writing
project of litter recycling
campaign launched by President Bush
club of environmental protection
of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer(同龄人) group.(NMET 2008 辽宁卷C篇)
简析：夹杂定语从句和形式宾语结构。
译文：对他来说，不关心自己的学习是一种酷的标志的原因之一是受到他的同龄人的影响。
实例： did Tom give up studying?
disliked his teachers.
parents no longer supported him.
’s cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.
were too many subjects in his secondary school.
endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people，ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted.(NMET 2008重庆卷E篇)
简析：句子中夹杂着固定短语，v-ing式作主语，复杂主语，v-ing式作结果状语以及定语从句。
译文：无穷尽的选择给人们的生活带来了无尽的烦恼。买像咖啡壶这样最基本的东西也不是那么简单了。对许多人而言，面对触手可及的一系列的日常用品却感到眼花瞭乱、不知所措，结果是购物者只好放弃选择、匆匆而去，或者仅仅买了一件并非真正需要的不合适的商品。
实例： do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety?
find it hard to decide on a suitable product.
are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion.
may find themselves lost in the broad range of items.
and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice.
may think that eating lunch is the cause of the ，in summer，they may think it is the ，the real reason lies inside their that time —about eight hours after you wake up—your body temperature goes is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.
(NMET 2008 四川卷C篇)
简析：句中夹杂两个宾语从句，一个时间状语从句和一个what引导的表语从句。
译文：他们可能认为吃午饭是他们困乏的原因。或者在夏天，他们可能认为是炎热的缘故。然而，真正的原因在于他们身体的内部。在那时，也就是说，在你醒来大约八个小时之后，你的体温开始呈下降的趋势。这就是使你行动迟缓并且感到困乏的原因。
实例： do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?
eat too much for lunch.
sleep too little at night.
body temperature becomes lower.
weather becomes a lot warmer.
brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills，while more women speech may all go back to our ancestors(祖先)，among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt，according to one research.(NMET 2008陕西卷E篇)
简析：第一句中包含一个that引导的同位语从句，在其中又有一个that引导的定语从句，还有一介词 + 关系代词(among whom)引导的定语从句。注意more women之后省去了与前半句中相同的take up jobs that require ...。
译文：大脑这些差异也解释了这样的事实：更多的男性从事空间技能的工作，而更多的女性则从事需要语言技能的工作。这种现象也可以追溯到我们的祖先时代，据一项研究表明，在他们当中，女性做的是照看孩子这样的需要语言技能的工作，男性做的是像狩猎这样的需要空间技能的工作。
实例： of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?
boys may be stronger than young girls.
women take up jobs requiring speech skills
may have stronger feelings than men. ancestors needed more spatial skills.
busier we are，the more important we seem to ourselves and，we imagine，to be unavailable to our friends and family，and to be unable to find time to relax—this has become the model of a successful life.(NMET 2008湖北卷D篇)
简析：句中有“The + 比较级，the + 比较级”的结构，还有复杂的不定式结构。
译文：我们越忙，对我们自己而言，而且我们也以为在其他人看来，我们越重要。我们无空帮助朋友，找不到时间照顾家庭，找不到自己放松的时间，这已经成为了成功生活的模式。
实例： to Paragraph 4，a successful person is one who is believed to ____ .
able to work without stress
more talented than other people
more important than anyone else
busy working without time to rest
researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account those people most at risk for skin cancer—people with fair skin and freckles(雀斑)，for example—are more likely to use a result，it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.(NMET 2008福建卷E篇)
简析：第一句的主体结构为：The research said that ...is that they failed to ...，其中第一个that引导一个宾语从句，宾语从句中又含有一个倒装结构，其中主语为that they often ...的一个主语从句，表语为among the problems with ...。破折号间内容为插入语。
译文：研究员们说，早期研究带来的问题之一是他们没有考虑到那些最有可能患皮肤癌人，比如皮肤白皙和有雀斑的人。可是皮肤白皙的和有雀斑的人最有可能使用防晒剂，结果是好像防晒剂的使用者患皮肤癌更常见。
实例： with fair skin and freckles______.
use sunscreen
more in danger of skin cancer
be free from the harm of the sun
expose themselves to the sun
七常用的解题技巧有以下几种：
1、直接解题法，即读完文章后根据自己的理解找出问题的的答案。
2、排除法，这也是解答阅读理解题的常用方法，对于那些不合情理或荒谬的选项、与短文内容相反的选项、与短文内容不相关的选项、虽在短文中出现但答非所问的选项，以及不是问题的主要因素的选项等，都可以采用排除法。
3、信息查读法，即根据题干中的关键词，在文中进行相关信息的查寻与确认，再与题干中所提供的信息进行比对，得出答案。
4、推理演绎法，即根据所读材料通过语篇的逻辑关系以及各个细节的信息和暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意，悟出作者的言外之意和弦外之音。此时切忌就事论事、以偏概全，也不能主观臆想、随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
5、利用构词法，结合语境，对于词意猜测题进行理解和判断。
6、利用首尾法，在解决文章主旨大意题时，往往要注意文章的首、末段的首、末句。这些句子往往是文章或段落大意的所在。当然，有的文章或段落的大意需要进行综合的推断方能得出。
八冲刺复习阶段阅读理解题备考建议
1养成良好的阅读习惯，扩大眼幅，不要点读，减少回读，默读时不出声音，不要有伴随动作。
2 加强练习限时阅读，提高阅读速度。力争35分钟完成5篇文章。
3重视阅读技巧的培养，练习如何推理，分析，概括，如何答题，最好以高考试题为答题样本，对常考的问题做适当归纳。
4强化阅读基本功，注意平时阅读训练当中的词汇量的积累，适当练习长句分析，以便更好地理解文章句子。
5 培养良好的阅读心理素质，在考场上心情平和，充满信心，积极主动地与作者沟通，创造性的去理解文章内容；思想高度集中，尽量保持新闻记者的速度和理解的准确性。
九讲座配套专项练习卷
高考英语阅读理解专题讲座专练卷
主旨大意题
例1 【2008 江西卷阅读A篇】
When hollowed out and used as a drinking-cup, the unicorn’s horn was said to have the power to offer protection against person. It was believed that nobody could be harmed-by drinking the contents of a unicorn’s horn. Right up until the French Revolution in 1789, the French court was said to have used cups made of “unicorn” horn in order to protect the king. In addition, the horn was said to have medicinal value, so much so that it could be sold for more than ten times the price of the same weight of gold. What, then, was “unicorn” horn? We know at times the rhino(犀牛) was confused with this legendary creature. A drinking-cup supposedly made of “unicorn” horn was discovered to be made of the horn of a rhino.
58. The last paragraph is mainly about ____.
A. the properties of the unicorn horn
B. the users of the unicorn horn
C. the price of the unicorn horn
D. the comparison between the unicorn horn and the rhino horn
例2 【2008 福建卷阅读E篇】
A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin cancer, actually increase the risk. from the University of Iowa based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanoma (黑素瘤). They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma
Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.
But questions has been raised about sunscreen and whether it may has opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.
The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer--- people with fair skin and freckles (雀斑), for example--- are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.
The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.
75. Which of the following can be the title for this passage?
A. Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer
B. Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer
C. Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen
D. Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles
细节理解题
例1 【2008 重庆卷阅读D篇】
Seeing a volcano erupt (喷发) is a wonderful experience, and you can really feel the beat by climbing to the summit(山顶) of Pacaya for a close-up view. There are guided tours every day
up this highly active volcano from Antigua. Giving travelers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.
Pacaya is an easy drive from Antigua, a beautiful city with many colorful houses along its old streets that are turned into art-works during its Holy Week festival. No matter when you come to Antigua, you won’t miss the Pacaya-tour companies.
But climbing Pacaya is no easy job: it is 2560 metres high, and reaching the summit takes two to three hours of seemingly one-step-forward and two-step-back movements. As you climb, you hear the dull sounds of eruptions high above. Steaming. Hot remains from recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active summit; the McKenney Cone(火山锥). Just as though you were going to walk over to the edge of the cone, the road turns to the left and up to the relative safety of the old, inactive summit.
Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for sunset and the full contrast between the erupting red lava(熔岩) and the darkening sky. On a good day the view from the summit is extremely exciting. The active mouth boils, sending red lava over its sides, and once in a while shoots hot streams up to 100 metres into the air. There is a strong bad smell in the air even if you take care to be upwind of the cone. As evening turns deeper into the night. the burning lava quietly falls down tae side of the volcano. For you, too, it is time to get down .
69. Antigua is a city .
A. where people can enjoy cultural festivals
B. where the daring Pacaya tour starts
C. that gives a close-up view of Paraya
D. that is famous for its tour companies
70. Climbing to the McKenney Cone, people will .
A. walk directly to the active summit
B. hear the continuous loud noise from above
C. make greater efforts than to other summits
D. see a path lined with remains of earlier eruptions
71. Many tours are timed for people to .
A. get down the mountain in time when night falls
B. avoid the smell from the upwind direction of the cone
C. enjoy the fantastic eruption against the darkening sky
D. appreciate the scenery of the 2560-metre-high mountain
例2 【2008 山东卷阅读B篇】
Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergence alert (警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industry's trade association, CTIA, estimates（估计） more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
"The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies," FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval
of the plan.
Participation in the alert system by carriers –telecommunications companies is voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry.
The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.
The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. The second would involve "approaching threats," which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be reserved for child abduction (绑架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.
The service could be in place by 2010.
62. The improvement to the present system is in the charge of ____.
A. CTIA
B. the Warning Alert and Response Network
C. FCC
D. federal regulators
63. The carr iers’ participation in the system is determined by _____.
A. the US federal government
B. mobile phone users
C. the carriers themselves
D. the law of the United States
64. Which of the following is true of cell phone users?
A. They must accept the alert service.
B. They may enjoy the alert service for free.
C. They must send the alerts to others
D. They may choose the types of messages
65. An alert message will NOT be sent if _____.
A. a child loses his way.
B. a university shooting happens
C. a natural disaster happens
D. a terrorist attack occurs
推理判断题
例1【2008 陕西卷阅读E篇】you know that women’s brains are smaller than men’s? The average women’s brain weighs 10% less than men’s. Since research has shown that th e bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent(聪明的) than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. The brain consists of “grey matter” and
It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, it’s women who come out on top every time.
There are other important differences between two sexes. As white matter is the key to spatial(空间的) tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. “A great footballer always kno ws where he is in relation to the other players, and he knows where to go,” says one researcher. That may explain one of life’s great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions … and women often need to!
The differences begin when fetuses(胎儿) are about mine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children ad young as one. A boy would try to climb a barrier (障碍物) before him or push it down while a girl would attract help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech
skills. It may all go back to our ancestors(祖先) ,among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt, according to one research.
I f all this disappoints you, it shouldn’t. “The brain changes throughout our lives according to what we do with it.” says a biologist.
57. Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?
A. Women’s brain is 10% less than men’s
B. Grey matter plays the same role as white matter.
C. Grey matter controls thinking in the brain.
D. Both sexes have the same amount of white matter.
58. What can we infer from the second and third paragraphs?
A. Women prefer doing many things at a time.
B. Men do better dealing with one job at a time.
C. Women do not need to tell directions.
D. Men have weaker spatial abilities.
59. Which of the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?
A. Young boys may be stronger than young girls.
B. More women take up jobs requiring speech skills
C. Women may have stronger feelings than men.
D. Our ancestors needed more spatial skills.
例2 【2008 山东卷阅读D篇】
Melissa Poe was 9 years old when she began a campaign for a cleaner environment by writing a letter to the then President Bush. Through her own efforts, her letter was reproduced on over 250 donated billboards across the country.
The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids in 1989. There are now 300,000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the world's largest youth environmental organization.
Poe has also asked the National Park Service to carry out a "Children's Forest" project in every national park. In 1992, she was invited as one of only six children in the world to speak at the Earth Summit in Brazil as part of the Voices of the Future Program. In 1993, she was given a Caring Award for her efforts by the Caring Institute.
Since the organization started, Kids members have distributed and planted over 1 million trees! Ongoing tree-planting projects include Kid's Yards – the creation of backyard wildlife habitats (栖息地) and now Kids is involved in the exciting Earth Odyssey, which is a great way to start helping.
"Starting the club turned out to be a way to help people get involved with the environment. Club members started doing things like recycling, picking up litter and planting trees as well as inviting other kids to join their club."
"We try to tell kids that it's not OK to be lazy," she explains. "You need to start being a responsible, environmentally friendly person now, right away, before you become a resource-sucking adult."
73. What can we learn about Poe?
A. She was awarded a prize in Brazil.
B. She donated billboard across the country.
C. She got positive responses for her efforts
D. She joined the National Park Service.
75. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?
A. Adults are resource-sucking people
B. Poe sought help from a youth organization
C. Kids members are from the .
D. Kids are urged to save natural resources.
作者意图、态度题
例1 【2008 四川卷阅读E篇】
At a certain time in our lives we consider every place as the possible sites(地点) for a house.
I have thus searched the country within a dozen miles of where I live. In imagination I have bought all the farms, one after another, and I knew their prices.
The nearest thing that I came to actual ownership was when I bought the Hollowell place. But before the owner completed the sale with me, his wife changed her mind and wished to keep it, and he offered me additional dollars to return the farm to him. However, I let him keep the additional dollars and sold him the farm for just what I gave for it.
The real attractiong of the Hollowell farm to me were its position, being about two miles from the village, half a mile from the nearest neighbor, bounded(相邻) on one side by the river, and separated from the highway by a wide field. The poor condition fo the house and fences showed t hat it hadn’t been used for some time. I remembered from my earliest trip up the river that the house used to be hidden behind a forest area, and I was in a hurry to buy it before the owner finished getting out some rocks, cutting down the apples trees, and clearing away some young trees which had grown up in the fields. I wanted to buy it before he made any more of his improvements. But it turned out as I have said.
I was not really troubled by the loss. I had always had a garden, but I don’t thing I was ready for a large farm. I believe that as long as possible it is better to live free and uncommitted (无牵挂的). It makes but little difference whether you own a farm or not.
55. What does the author believe as important in life?
A. To own a farm
B. To satisfy his needs
C. To be free from worries
D. To live in the countryside
例2 【2008 淅江卷阅读D篇】 a while, my neighborhood was taken ever by an army of joggers(慢跑者). They were there all the time: early morning, noon, and evening. There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces. “Come on!” My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening. “You’ll feel great.”
Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people wh o left our neighborhood jogging army. I’m not alone in my opinion.
First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet a real pounding（追击）ruining down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about. Jogging doesn’t kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me.
Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging. Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes isn’t my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers say, “I love being out there with just my thoughts” Well, my thoughts began to bor e me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt.
And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn’t just the first week: it was practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain level, and pain isn’t
fun. What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?
I don’t jog any more, and I don’t think I ever will. I’m walking two miles three times
a week at a fast pace, and that feels good. I bicyc le to work when the weather is good. I’m getting exercise, and I’m enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging, and I’ve found a lot of better ways to stay in shape.
54. What was the writer’s attitude towards jogging in the beginni ng?
A. He felt it was worth a try.
B. He was very fond of it.
C. He was strongly against it.
D. He thought it must be painful.
【Practice】
A
The Golden Egg
“I don’t want to write a story about girls! I don’t know anything about girls,” Louiss May Alcott told her publisher, . But she was desperate for money. She seemed to be the only one in her family who could make any money. Niles had asked her to write about something she knew, instead of the romantic adventure stories she had beed writing. “So I plod away,” Alcott wrote, “though I don’t enjoy this sort of thing.” It was 1867, and the horrible Civil War was over. Now Alcott could turn her energy to making money.
Alcott wrote a simple story of life in her family, their pillow fights on Saturday night and the amateur(业余的) plays they performed. “Our experiences may prove interesting, though I doubt it.” (“Good joke,” she wrote years later.) Her book described her days growing up with four sisters in a family that had no money. She sketched a loving mother who took time to be interested in each child, and she told of the death of a beloved sister. She portrayed her family and friends in her book Little women.Finally, in July of 1868, she finished writing. With a sigh and a headache, she sent off all 102 handwritten pages of her book.
Niles thought the book was dull, and so did Alcott. But when she received her copies of the book, Alcott thought it seemed better than expected. “Not a bit sensational,” she wrote, “but simple and true. We really lived most of it.” Niles asked some girls to read Little Women, and they loved it. If the girls liked it, Alcott was satisfied.
In three months, all the copies of Little Women had sold. It was already time to print more books! Niles thought he could sell three or four hundred more copies. “An honest publisher and a lucky author made a dull book into a golden egg for an ugly ducking,” Alcott wrote in 1885. Later, with a great sigh of relief, she was able to write, “Paid off all the debts! Now I feel that I could die in peace. If my head holds out, I’ll do all I once hoped to do.”
1. Which of the following would be used to describe Alcott’s book?
2. In which order did the following happen?
A. a, b, e, d, c
B. d, c, a, b, e
C. c, b, e, d, a
D. d, c, e, b, a
a. Alcott began writing Little Women.
b. Niles asked Alcott to write about girls.
c. Alcott wrote romantic adventure stories.
d. Alcott performed plays with her sisters. Niles was not pleased wi th Alcott’s work.
3. When she handed her first writing in, she was .
A. sure of her success
B. happy about her work
C. unsatisfied with the work
D. unpleased with the publisher
4. Alcott took up writing as a job due largely to .
A. love
B. poverty
C. interest
D. encouragement
5. We learn from the story that, after Little Women sold out, .
A. Alcott wrote another book
B. some girls started to read the book
C. Alcott paid off all her bills
D. Niles published hundreds of books girls liked
B
The United States government wants to know what the public thinks about its findings on the safety of cloned animals.
The Food and Drug Administration says meat and milk from clones of adult cattle, pigs and goats are safe to eat. An official called them "as safe to eat as the food we eat every day." And when those clones reproduce sexually（有性繁殖）, the agency says, their offspring（后代）are safe to eat as well. But research on cloned sheep is limited. So the proposes that sheep clones not be used for human food.
The United States this year could become the first country to approve the sale of foods from cloned animals. First, however, the public will have ninety days to comment on three proposed documents. On December 28th the released a long report, called a draft risk assessment, along with two policy documents.
The agency says it must receive comments by April second. The seemed ready to act several years ago, but an advisory committee called for more research. For now, the government will continue to ask producers to honor a request that they not sell foods from cloned animals.
Clones are still rare. They cost a lot and are difficult to produce. The says most food from cloning is expected to come not from clones themselves, but from their sexually reproduced offspring. It says clones are expected to be used mostly as breeding animals to spread good qualities.
Public opinion studies show most Americans do not like the idea of food from cloned animals. But this research also shows the public knows little about cloning.
Cloning differs from genetic engineering. A cell taken from a so-called donor animals is grown into an embryo（胚胎）in the laboratory. Next, the embryo is placed into the uterus （子宫）of a female animal. If the process is successful, the pregnancy reaches full term and
a genetic copy of the donor animal is born.
6. From the passage we know that .
A. foods from cloned animals are popular in America
B. cloned adult animals are safe to eat except sheep.
C. cloned animals will be easy to produce
D. most foods from cloning is expected to take place of other foods
7. The main purpose of the text is to .
A. tell a interesting story
B. give some advice on foods
C. give a report
D. compare different opinions
8. Who believe that foods from cloning are safe to eat?
A. Most Americans
B. An advisory committee
C. Critics
D.
The
can be inferred from the last paragraph that .
A. cloning has much in common with genetic
B. not every cell taken from a donor animal can grow into a genetic copy
C. the donor animal should be a female one
D. cloned animals grow faster than normal ones
C
Everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.
Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills), while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).
Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline (衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.
Some studies found more age-related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline. Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, "so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive decline," said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.
People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex-related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, . "object usually colored gray", and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing. The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter are typically dominated by women.
Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average. And though performance declined with age for both genders, women showed obviously less decline than men overall.
1. The underlined word in the second paragraph means_________.
A. natural
B. great
C. obvious
D. absolute
2. According to the passage, which of the following can Not be typed into the same category?
A. cloud
B. sheep
C. trees
D. goose
3. Which of the following statements is true according the article?
A. Men do better than women when it comes to learning English.
B. Women stand out at remembering people’s names.
C. Men excel at typing as many words in a particular category as possible in the given time.
D. Women excel at dealing mathematic problems.
4. One important factor that affects the correctness of the results is that _________.
A. the old men tested may not have shown such cognitive decline
B. people surveyed are all old
C. people taking part in this test came from all over the world
D. women live longer than men
5. The author aims to tell us that __________.
A. women’s minds perform better than men’s
B. men’s minds decline more with age
C. everyone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older
D. a survey on human’s mind decline was done recently
十参考答案及解析
主旨大意题
例1 58. 答案：A 解析：从最后一段不难得知主要讲述的是独角兽角的各种用途。
例 2 75. 答案：A 解析：文章主要谈论防晒霜与皮服癌，并从最新的研究中证明sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer。细节理解题
例1 69. 答案：B 解析从 There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from Antigua以及下文No matter when you come to Antigua, you won’t miss the Pacaya-tour companies. 可以推出答案为B.
70. 答案：D 解析：从Steaming, hot remains from recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active summit; the McKenney Cone中可以判断出答案为D.
71. 答案：C 解析：从Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for sunset and the full contrast between the erupting red lava and the darkening sky中可以判断出答案为C.
例2 答案：B B A
推理判断题
例1 57. 答案：C 解析：由第一段最后两句可知。尽管男人有更多的后者（白质），但是大脑的思考
部分（当然是灰质）的量男女几乎完全相等。A有很大的迷惑性，但仔细一看文章中说的是平均。
58. 答案：B 解析：可采用排除法。女人在同时完成多项任务上有优势，并不是说女人喜欢同时干许多事情，因此A 错。C 、D明显与文章内容不符。
59. 答案：B 解析：由more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills（while more women take up jobs that require speech skills.）一句可知。
例2 71. C。从第一段可看出，人们很容易受到节食产品的吸引，就不去思考节食产品对人们身心健康的影响，于是花钱买那些产品。这些产品误导了人们。
72. D。从第二段可看出，人们非常重视他们的体重，不加任何思考地去购买节食产品，只看是否有节食标签。这说明他们急于去尝试那些产品。
作者意图、态度题
例1 55. 答案：C 解析：从最后一段最后两句可知道答案。
例2 54．答案：A 解析：首先应该看清题目中的“in the beginning”，然后根据第二段中的第一句和第二句不难推断出答案。
【Practice】
A篇：答案：ADCBC篇：答案及解析：
6．B.推理判断题。从文中第二段可推出。
7．C.主旨大意题。本篇文章是关于克隆食物的安全问题的报道。
8．D.事实细节题。从“The Food and Drug Administ ration says meat and milk from clones of adult cattle, pigs and goats are safe to eat.…”可知。
9． B. 推理判断题。从最后一段“If the process is successful, the pregnancy reaches full term and a genetic copy of the donor animal is born.”可知答案。
C篇：答案与解析：
10、答案为A。词意猜测题。男女大脑的思维在某些方面的差异是天生固有的。
11、答案为C。推理判断题。根据文章第五段可推断出选项中这类物体是以白色为限定范畴的。
12、答案为B。推理判断题。男性在推理和空间思维方面占优势，女性在提取大脑中储存的记忆信息方面占优势。故答案为B。
13、答案为A细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知。文章只是说调查涉及到老年人，但并不都是老年人，故排除B。选项D不是造成调查结果不准确的原因。14、答案为B。主旨理解题。根据文章第一段可知
阅读理解训练50篇（1） 1 Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell.But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hor- mones (荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etC．In general the person feels excited and ready to act. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.” Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. 1．“Damaging emotion” means t hat _________. A．the emotion is harmless B．the emotion is harmful C．the feeling is very strong D．the feeling is hard 2．What statement is right? A．Were you angry, you would be cancered (得癌症). B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered. C．Angry as you are often, you can't be cancered, D．Anger may cause you a cancer. 3．Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists. A．is just the same as B．is more harmful than C．is no better than D．is much better than 4．According to the author, you'd better _________. A．never be angry B．cool it down before you express it C．laugh and laugh when you get angry D．admit you are wrong when you are angry 二
高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。
3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。
专题07 阅读理解推理判断题 推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。 这种问题的提问方式通常有： 1.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that . 2.We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the passage that… 3.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that. 4.The author implies that by the year 2080, . 5.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should. 6.The author mentions the fact that…to show. 7. This passage would most likely be found in _________? 8.The author’s attitude toward …is _________? 9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点： 1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Most people agree that eating healthy food is important. But sometimes making good food choices can be difficult. Now, there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their health and their dining out experience. Open Table app Open Table app helps people choose restaurants when they want to go out to eat. It is a free service that shows users restaurant available based on where and when they want to dine. It gives users points when they make reservations(预定), which can add up to discounts on restaurant visits. Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app Wine and cheese can be a great combination. But which wines go best with which cheeses? Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app can help. It provides information about hundreds of different cheeses and suggests wines to pair with each. Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app is free. HappyCow app Vegetarians do not eat animal meat. Vegans do not eat any animal products. The HappyCow app is made for both groups. Users can search for vegetarian-vegan restaurants and stores around the world. LocalEats app Restaurant chains, like McDonalds, can be found almost anywhere a person might travel. But sometimes travelers want to eat like locals. The LocalEats app is designed for that. It can help you find local restaurants in major cities in the US and in other countries. It costs about a dollar. Where Chefs Eat app "Where Chefs Eat" is a 975-pagc book. Most people would not want to carry that around. But there is a much lighter app version of the same name for just $15. Six hundred chefs provide information on 3,000 restaurants around the world on the Where Chefs Eat app. （1）What do the first two apps have in common? A. They are both free of charge. B. Discounts are provided on both. C. Best wines can be reserved on both. D. They tell you where to have the best food.（2）Who is HappyCow app probably designed for? A. Friends drinking wines together. B. Chefs enjoying meat very much. C. People who want to go on a diet. D. Those often eating in a restaurant. （3）Where can we most likely see the text? A. On a tourism guide. B. In a cellphone application introduction. C. In a students' textbook. D. On a scientific discovery TV program. 【答案】（1）A （2）C （3）B
高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.
（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some. Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision. “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause. The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life. （1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________. A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol （2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision? A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press. C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life. （3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville? A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A
2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解推理判断题专练（三）观点态度 类 (2017·河南、河北七所名校联考) When it comes to writing work emails, there are many rules to follow. In the past, people always wanted to come across as someone who's calm and professional, which workplace manners experts say means they wanted to hold back their love for emoticons (表情符号) while on the job. But language is always changing, and a recent national survey in the US found that 76 percent of Americans said that they had used emoticons in digital communication at work. The most popular emoticon is the happy face. Lindsey Pollak, a US career coach who works with Millennials (千禧一代), has also noticed that emoticons have gone from being inappropriate for the workplace to being accepted. The reason behind this, according to her, is largely due to the changing of people in a particular age group of the workforce. Millennials are now the biggest generation in the American workforce. “A few years ago, emoticons were absolutely seen as very young and very personal，” Pollak said. “Over the past few years... I've seen emoticons become more acceptable. I see them more frequently not just from Millennials but from all generations at the workplace.” “People tend to use emoticons to just add that little bit of extra change in the tone when there's something awkward or potentially offensive, or when they might take in things in the wrong way，” explains Lauren Collister, a sociolinguist. In life and work, many of us have used emoticons to send positive atmosphere or soften statements. Pollak, however, warns against being too casual at work. Her advice is to be aware of who the audience is. “Frankly, I wouldn't use a happy face with any CEO in the US. I wouldn't use a happy face with the people of a certain level no matter how commonplace and acceptable it has become，” she said. “You can make or break a relationship with one email these days.” 【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍了表情符号在工作邮件中的使用越来越 流行的原因以及人们对此要注意的方面。 1．What does the author say about past working people? A．They were calm and professional. B．They used more serious emoticons.
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Mexico sites on an island plateau (高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live there. In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban. Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides. Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases. Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London congestion (拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality. For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air. （1）How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city? A. By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week. B. By forbidding private and public vehicles every Saturday. C. By limiting the number of new cars. D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.（2）What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles? A. Raised the number of public vehicles. B. Offered free bus and subway rides. C. Introduced more travel options. D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city. （3）What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico? A. Alternate-day rules. B. Tax rises. C. Congestion charge. D. The rainy season.（4）What's the best title for the passage? A. Mexico —an Island Plateau B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones D. How to Improve Air Quality 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）D （4）C
高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 I was born on the 17th of November 1828, in the village of Nam Ping, which is about four miles southwest of the Portuguese Colony (殖民地) of Macao, and is located on Pedro Island lying west of Macao, from which it is separated by a channel of half a mile wide. As early as 1834, an English lady, Mrs. Gutzlaff, wife of a missionary to China, came to Macao. Supported by the Ladies' Association in London for the promotion of female education in India and the East, she immediately took up the work of starting a girls' school for Chinese girls, which was soon followed by the opening of a boys' school. Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school and it was doubtlessly through his influence and means that my father got me admitted into the school. It has always been a mystery to me why my parents should put me into a foreign school, instead of a traditional Confucian school, where my big brother was placed. Most certainly such a step would have been more suitable for Chinese public opinion, taste, and the wants of the country, than to allow me to attend an English school. Moreover, a Chinese belief is the only avenue in China that leads to political promotion, influence, power and wealth. I can only guess that as foreign communication with China was just beginning to grow, my parents hoped that it might be worthwhile to put one of their sons to learning English. In this way he might become an interpreter and have a more advantageous position to enter the business and diplomatic world. I am wondering if that influenced my parents to put me into Mrs. Gutzlaff's School. As to what other sequences it has eventually brought about in my later life, they were entirely left in the hands of God. （1）How was the author admitted to Mrs. Gutzlaff's school? A. Through his father's friend's help. B. Through his own efforts to exams. C. Through his father's request. D. Through Mrs. Gutzlaff's influence. （2）Why did the author's parents put him into an English school？ A. An English school was more influential. B. Foreign trade with China was developing fast. C. It met with Chinese public opinion. D. He could become a successful interpreter. （3）What did the author think of his parents' decision to put him into an English school? A. It was skeptical. B. It was mysterious. C. It was thoughtful. D. It was wonderful.【答案】（1）A （2）D （3）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，小时候父亲送作者去英语学校而不是中文学校，并分析了具体原因。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school”可知，作者是通过父亲朋友的帮助进入到Mrs.