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Unit 1 Automotive BasicsAutomobiles, trucks, and buses are essential forms of transportation. They are complex machines made up of many parts. These parts can be grouped into a number of systems. An understanding of how the system work will help you understand how the automobile works.轿车、卡车和客车是交通运输的重要组成部分。
它们都是由许多部件组成的复杂机器。
这些部件可以归类为汽车的几个组成系统。
了解这些各个小系统是如何工作的将有助于我们理解整个汽车系统是如何工作。
An automobile can be divided into two basic parts: a body and a chassis. The body is the enclosure that houses the engine, passengers, and cargo. It is the part of the automobile that you see. The chassis is that part of the automobile beneath the body.汽车可以分为两个基本部分：车身和底盘。
车身包围发动机、乘客和行李，它是汽车你所看到的部分。
而车身以下的部分就是底盘。
1.1 An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood, and a trunk deck built into it. It provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. For example, insulation in the body reduces noise and protects against heat and cold. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. It is streamlined to lessen wind resistance and to keep the car from swaying at driving speeds.轿车车身是一个钣金件壳体，它上面有车窗、车门、发送机罩和行李舱门等部件，它给发动机、乘客和行李提供防护。
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Automotive Engineering English
Qu.1：What’s the main parts of an automobile?
Qu.1：What’s the main parts of an automobile?
Body
Engine
Suspension
Electrical system
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Automotive Engineering English
(1) Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine,chassis and electrical equipment。
当今的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。
这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Automotive Engineering English
(2) The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable.The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle.
车身的设计要保证乘客安全舒适。
车身的款式使得汽车看起来漂亮迷人、色彩斑斓、时尚前卫。
Body
Body
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Automotive Engineering English Qu.2:How many kinds of vehicle according to body styling?Qu.2:How many kinds of vehicle according to body styling?Sedan [美] = saloon 轿车
Coupe （单排座）双人小汽车
Hatchback 有仓门式后背的汽车
Wagon 四轮马车, 货车
Van 大篷车，运货车
Pick-up ＝Utility 皮卡
Roadster 跑车
Convertible 敞篷车
Racing car 赛车Trailer 拖车Truck 卡车Jeep 吉普车Bus 公共汽车Coach 长途客车Taxi 出租车Tractor ＝prime mover [美]牵引车Cross country vehicle 越野车SUV ＝Sports Utility Vehicle 运动型多用途车MPV ＝Multi Purpose Vehicle 多用途车RV ＝Recreation Vehicle 休闲车
Automobile 汽车；机动车
Vehicle 车辆；运载工具
Car 汽车；小汽车；车辆
Motor 机动车，尤指汽车
Auto [口语] 汽车
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Automotive Engineering English
Engine
Engine
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Automotive Engineering English
Both engines are called heat engines;the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission .
内燃机是最常见的，其动力来自气缸里液体燃料的燃烧。
发动机有汽油机和柴油机两种，都称为热机。
燃料燃烧产生热量，使得气缸内气体压力升高，从而提供动力，带动连接变速器的轴旋转.(3)The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder.There are two types of engine: gasoline and diesel .
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Automotive Engineering English
n Power train system:conveying the drive to the wheels.
Clutch (离合器)Transmission（变速器）
Drive shaft（传动轴）Final drive（主减速器或后桥）Differential gear（差速器）Driving axles（驱动轴）
n Steering system:controlling the direction of moment.
n Suspension system:absorbing the road shocks.
n Braking system:slowing down the vehicle.
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Automotive Engineering English
(4) The purpose of the complete suspension system is to isolate the vehicle body from road shocks and vibrations,which will otherwise be transferred to the passengers and load.It must also keep the tires in contact with the road regardless of road surface.
整个悬架系统的作用是隔离来自路
面的冲击和振动对车身的影响,防止
它们传递给乘客和货物。
另外不论
路面如何,悬架系统都应该保持轮胎
和路面的接触。
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Automotive Engineering English
(5) Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum.With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads.
在鼓式制动器上，制动鼓和轮毂连接，制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。
在盘式制动器上，连着轮毂的制动盘，被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间。
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Automotive Engineering English
Drum brakes 鼓式制动器Disc brakes 盘式制动
器
Chapter 1 Automotive Basics
Automotive Engineering English
(6) The electrical system supplies electricity for the
starter,ignition,lights and heater.The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit.
Electrical system
Electrical system
电器系统为起动机、点火系、照明和加热设备提供电流。
电流的大小由充电电路来维持。
