【助力2014高考】英语语法小题特训：虚拟语气
--Can I borrow your "Kids Typing" CD-ROM?
--I’d get it for you __________ I could remember who last borrowed it.
A. except that
B. if only
C. on condition that
D. considering whether
答案：B
2. After the surgery, the old lady looked as if she __________ ten years younger.
A. be
B. is
C. had been
D. were
答案：D
3. Mrs. Morrison __________ a good salary in an office job instead of staying at home, but she decided not to work for the sake of her children.
A. must have made
B. could make
C. would make
D. could have made
答案：这是一个表示“过去”的虚拟语气的句子。在but前是虚拟语气，在but 后是陈述语气。but 后的句子等于一个if从句：
…but she decided not to work for the sake of her children．
=if she had decided to work，这时，就成了一个标准的虚拟语气的句子：‘
If she had decided to work，Mrs．Morrison could have made a good salary in an office job instead of staying at home．
本题意为：如果Morrison太太当初决定去工作的话，她会在一家写字间赚一份很好的工资，但是她为了她的孩子，决定不工作。(答案D)
4. Five minutes earlier, and we __________ the last subway train.
A. ought to have caught
B. must have caught
C. could have caught
D. could catch
答案：这里的Five minutes earlier意思是“如果早五分钟的话”，代替了一个虚拟语气的it从句：If we had left five minutes earlier。所以这是个虚拟语气的过去时的句子。根据公式，要用would／should ／could／might +原型动词。选项A．ought to have caught是情态动词表示“该做的事没有做”。could have caught意思是“没有赶上”。(答案C)
5. __________, we should have gone on a trip to the mountain.
A. If the weather were not bad
B. Whether the weather was bad or not
C. But for the fact that the weather was bad
D. Despite the bad weather
答案：But for意思是“要没有……”，后跟名词，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。从后半句的we should have gone on a trip to the mountain我们可以看出这是个过去时的虚拟语气：
But for your help．1 would have failed in the Maths exam．
请参考本章第16句。(答案C)
6. It is essential that human beings __________ ways and means to protect the environment.
A. should adopt
B. have adopted
C. would adopt
D. will have adopted
答案：A
7. __________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Botanical Gardens.
A. Were
B. Should
C. Would
D. If
答案：请注意虚拟语气将来时if从句的用法：
(1)If she came tomorrow，we would be very happy．
(2)If she should come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
(3)If she were to come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
上面的第(2)和第(3)句可以倒装：
If she should come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
=Should she come tomorrow．we would be very happy．
If she were to come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
=Were she to come tomorrow，we would be very happy．
本题如不倒装是这样的：
If it should rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Botanical Gardens．
请参考本章第74，80句。(答案B)
8. He has suggested that Miss Li __________ action at once before it is too late.
A. take
B. takes
C. will take
D. would take
答案：A
9. I would have paid a visit to you __________ possible.
A. if it were
B. would it be
C. had it been
D. should it have been
答案：本句的倒装情况和第8句一样：if it had been possible=had it been possible。前面句子I would have paid a visit to you是虚拟语气的过去时，所以要用if it had been possible。(答案C)
10. She could have passed the exam, but she __________ hard enough.
A. didn’t study
B. hadn’t studies
C. doesn’t study
D. would not study
答案：这个句子的前半句是虚拟语气的过去时，在but后要用陈述语气，表示一个“事实”。用一般过去时即可：
I would have bought that computer，but I didn’t have enough money．
=1 would have bought that computer if I had had enough money．
She would have come to the dinner，but she was busy at that time．
=She would have come to the dinner if she had not been busy at that time．(答案A)
11. The two strangers talked as if they __________ friends for years.
A. should
B. would be
C. have been
D. had been
答案：D
12. Would he __________ to our help if he were here?
A. have come
B. be coming
C. comes
D. come.
答案：D
13. --Do you think the thief entered through the door?
--No. If he had, I don’t believe, __________ broken the living room window.
A. would he have
B. he had
C. he would have
D. he has
答案：C
14. I was very busy that day. Otherwise I __________ part in the debating.
A. would take
B. had taken
C. took
D. would have taken
答案：本句的otherwise意思是“要不然的话”，代替了一句if从句：if I had not been busy that day，所以主句要用过去时的虚拟语气。(答案D)
15. As a good student, he __________ to college last year, yet he got ill the n and couldn’t take the entrance examinations.
A. might have gone
B. could have gone
C. must have gone
D. should go
答案：这是个比较难的题目。选项A．he might have gone to college last year表示对过去的猜测，意思是“他可能已经上了大学”。但是后半句说：yet he got ill then and couldn’t take the entran ce examinations．他生病了，没法参加高考。所以选项A错。选项C．he must have gone to college last year，表示对过去的猜测，意思更肯定，“他一定已经上了大学”。但是根据后半句，他不可能进大
学，错。选项D．he should go to college last year只表示他“应该进大学”，也错。选项B．he could have gone to college last year是虚拟语气过去时，意思是“他没有进大学”：
He could have gone to college last year．yet he got m then and couldn’t take the entrance examinations．=If he hadn’t got ill and taken the entrance examinations．he could have gone to college last year．(答案
B)
16. He was late for class today. But for the heavy rain, he __________ an hour earlier.
A. could come
B. could have come
C. were to come
D. should come
答案：B
17. The judge ordered that the thief __________ punished.
A. would be
B. should be
C. was to be
D. must be
答案：B
18. I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I simply __________ no time.
A. had had
B. had been
C. had
D. would have had
答案：C
19. Susan couldn’t have written to Scott, or he __________ received her letter.
A. has
B. had
C. would have
D. could have
答案：本句中前半句是个情态动词“对过去否定的猜测”：Susan couldn’t have written to Scott意思是"Susan当初不可能写信给Scott”。本句的关键词是or，它代替一个虚拟语气的if从句，意思是“如果当初Susan给Scott写信的话”：or=if Susan had written to Scott。这时，后面的主句要用虚拟语气的过去时，从理论上来说，谓语动词可以用would／should／could／might + have done。所以本题的答案在C和D 之间。用would意思是“就会……”。用could意思是“有能力做……”。对于“收到信件”来说，不存在“有没有能力”的问题。(答案C)
20. He insisted that she __________ right in doing that.
A. be
B. is
C. was
D. had been
答案：在insist后面的宾语从句中，动词可以用虚拟语气，也可以不用虚拟语气。当从句里有“把说话人的意志强加到听话人的头上”时，用虚拟语气，其动词通常是个“动作动词”。动词用should+原型动词，should 可以省略。当从句的动词是个“状态”时，不用虚拟语气，该用什么时态就用什么时态：
He insisted that his daughter (should) play the piano for 5 hours a day．
He insisted that he was not hungry at that time．
本题不是虚拟语气。(答案C)
21. He was very angry with himself yesterday, otherwise he __________ with you.
A. would go
B. could go
C. would have gone
D. had gone
答案：C
22. Without your help, We __________.
A. would not have succeeded
B. would not succeeds
C. would have not succeeded
D. could not have been succeeded
答案：A
23. He demanded that the laboratory report __________ immediately after the experiment was done.
A. was written
B. be written
C. must be written
D. would be written
答案：B
24. It was ordered that no smoking __________ in the library.
A. is allowed
B. allowed
C. should be allowed
D. will be allowed
答案：C
25. If she __________ hard at English in the past, she __________ So well as a secretary in a large company now.
A. hadn’t worked ... wouldn’t have worked
B. didn’t work ... wouldn’t work
C. hadn’t worked ... wouldn’t work
D. didn’t work ... wouldn’t have worked
答案：这是一句错纵时态的虚拟语气句。if从句是过去时，主句是现在时。错纵时态的虚拟语气句一般都有时间状语，如本句中的in the past和now。(答案C)
26. --You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, don’t you?
--No, officer. I __________. This ear can’t do more than 80.
A. didn’t need to be
B. might not have been
C. Couldn’t have been
D. shouldn’t have been
答案：选项A．I didn’t need to be意思是“我当初没有必要”。后面的句子
说：This car can’t do more than 80．这车最多一小时跑80英里。不符逻辑，所以A错。选项B．I might not have been(driving at 100 mph)是虚拟语气过去时，意思是“我当初是开了一小时100英里”。选项D．I should n’t have been(driving at 100 mph)是虚拟语气过去时，表示不该做的事做了，意思是“我当初是开了一小时100英里”。选项C．I couldn’t have been(driving at 100 mph)是情态动词，表示对过去的否定的猜测，意思是“我当初不可能开一小时100英里”，因为“这车最多一小时跑80英里。” (答案C)
27. --John wants to see you today.
--I would rather he __________ tomorrow than today.
A. comes
B. came
C. should come
D. had come
答案：在would rather后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词用“过去时表示对现在和将来的愿望”，用“过去完成时表示对过去的愿望”。本句中有tomorrow，所以用过去时：
I would rather(that)he came tomorrow than today．
=1 wish(that)he came tomorrow than today．
本题意为：我希望他明天来而不是今天来。(答案B)
28. It’s time the child __________ how to behave properly.
A. is learning
B. learns
C. learned
D. to learn
答案：在It is time(that)后的从句中也要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词用“过去时表示将来”。如：
It is time(that)you went to bed．
It is high time(that)she did her homework．
请参照本章第30句。(答案C)
29. --Would you join us. in the game?
-- I wish I __________, but I’m busy __________ my lessons now.
A. can ... with
B. shall ... for
C. did ... at
D. could ... doing
答案：D
30. It is time that you __________ on this problem.
A. are speaking
B. will speak
C. must speak
D. spoke
答案：D
31. He __________ not well yesterday, or he __________ you with your experiment.
A. were ... would have helped
B. had been ... would have helped
C. was ... would have helped
D. was ... had helped
答案：前半句He was not well yesterday是个陈述语气，动词的过去时表示过去。or意思是“要不然的话”，相当于一个虚拟语气的if从句：
or = if he had been well yesterday
后半句就要用虚拟语气主句的过去时：
…he would have helped you with your experiment．(答案C)
32. Patrick __________ a rich man today if he had been more careful in the past.
A. would be
B. should have be
C. will be
D. was
答案：A
33. Now, children, it’s time you
A. being to dress
B. have to dress
C. will get dressed
D. got dressed
答案：D
34. If you had asked him beforehand, you __________ what to do tomorrow.
A. would know
B. should have known
C. could have known
D. knew
答案：A
35. If you had asked the teacher for explanation, you __________ difficulty now.
A. wouldn’t have had
B. would have had
C. wouldn’t have
D. would have
答案：C
36. --What are you going to study next year?
--I don’t know, but it’s time __________ something.
A. I decide
B. I decided
C. I’ll decide
D. I’d decide
答案：B
37. The doctor ordered that Tom __________ home for a month.
A. stays at
B. would stay in
C. stay at
D. should stay in
答案：C
38. I wish I __________ at the meeting the day before.
A. attended
B. would be
C. could have been
D. had attended
答案：这是个有“陷阱”的题目。请注意attend是个及物动词，如果用了attend就不能用attend at the meeting，所以选项A和D错。选项B 是现在时，选项C是过去时。因为有了the day before，所以要用表示过去的虚拟语气could have been。(答案C)
39. They suggested __________ right away.
A. to discuss the problem
B. the problem to be discussed
C. the problem discussed
D. that the problem be discussed
答案：D
40. Had we not used and out-of date time table, we __________ the train.
A. would miss
B. would have not missed
C. had missed
D. would not have missed
答案：D
41. The teacher suggested that everyone __________ there on foot.
A. went
B. would go
C. go
D. goes
答案：C
42. --It is raining, and I haven’t got an umbrella.
--Here is mine. And I insist __________ it.
A. that you take
B. you to take
C. that you taking
D. you taking
答案：A
43. --Jack wants to see you today.--I wish he __________ tomorrow.
A. comes
B. came
C. should come
D. has come
答案：B
44. Almost all his friends suggested __________ Mr. Hood at once.
A. that he visits
B. to him to visit
C. that he visit
D. to him for visiting
答案：C
45. He could have passed the exam if he __________ harder.
A. has worked
B. worked
C. had worked
D. was working
答案：C
46. She thinks that he __________ careful next time.
A. be
B. shouldn’t have been
C. would
D. should be
答案：在think后的宾语从句是不用虚拟语气的，所以选项A错。选项B．
he shouldn’t have been careful next time中的shouldn’t have been表示过去，不能用在next time的句子中，所以选项B错。选项C．he would careful缺动词，也错。(答案D)
47. They insist that the manager himself __________ to that important meeting.
A. to go
B. going
C. should go
D. went
答案：C
48. The policeman demanded that he __________ down his name immediately.
A. writes
B. wrote
C. had written
D. write
答案：D
49. I’d rather Miss Liu __________ anything for the time being.
A. do
B. doesn’t do
C. did
D. didn’t do
答案：在I’d rather后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词的用法和wish后的宾语从句的用法一样：
I’d rather(that)he came tomorrow．
=1 wish(that)he came tomorrow．
I’d rather(that)they had made fewer mistakes in yesterday’s test．
=1 wish(that)they had made fewer mistakes in yesterday’s test．
本句的for the time being意思是“暂时”。(答案D)
50. I would have invited her to the party but I __________ her well.
A. don’t know
B. didn’t know
C. doesn’t know
D. hadn’t known
答案：B
51. How nice it __________ if I __________ a Sister like you!
A. will be ... have
B. is ... have
C. will be ... had
D. would be ... had
答案：D
52. He suggested __________ there alone.
A. she go
B. she went
C. her go
D. she going
答案：A
53. Here’s our suggestion that the sports meet __________ next month.
A. should hold
B. be held
C. must be held
D. would be held
答案：B
54. The man insisted that he __________ there.
A. should send
B. would be sent
C. be sent
D. sent
答案：C
55. I’m sorry I’m so busy now. I wish I __________ with you.
A. can go
B. could go
C. had gone
D. have gone
答案：B
56. At the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge __________ over the river.
A. be built
B. must be built
C. was to be built
D. had to be build
答案：A
57. The teacher demanded that her students __________ their homework on time.
A. finished
B. finish
C. have to finish
D. must finish
答案：B
58. Since his blood pressure is much higher than it should be, his doctor insists that he __________ smoke.
A. will not
B. does not
C. would not
D. not
答案：D
59. His happy face suggested that he __________ a good time at the party last night.
A. would have
B. should have
C. have
D. had
答案：和insist的用法一样，在suggest后面的宾语从句中，动词可以用虚拟语气，也可以不用虚拟语气。当从句里有“把说话人的意志强加到听话人的头上”时，用虚拟语气，其动词通常是个“动作动词”。动词用should+原型动词，should可以省略。当从句的动词是个“状态”时，不用虚拟语气，该用什么时态就用什么时态。如：
I suggested that your son(should)read English every day．
She suggested that her school was a first-class school．
本题不用虚拟语气，请参照本章第98句。(答案D)
60. He insisted that the written report __________ before Wednesday.
A. done
B. be done
C. will be done
D. ought to be done
答案：B
61. I feel as if I already __________ inside me all the medicine that could cure the illness.
A. had
B. have
C. have had
D. had had
答案：这是个有“陷阱”的题目。我们知道在as if后的状语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用“过去时表示对现在和将来”；用“过去完成时表示对过去”。本句意思是“我感到好像我已经吃了能看好我病的所有的药”，并没有讲到一定要用什么时态，好像用现在时和过去时都可以。选项A是现在时，选项D是过去时，但请注意already的用法，already 通常要放在助动词的后面。如：
正：I feel as if I had already had all the medicine．
误：I feel as if I already had had a11 the medicine．所以D错。
本句是个倒装句，如不倒装，应该是：
I feel as if already had all the medicine that could cure the illness inside me．(答案A)
62. Tom would have learned the news if you __________ earlier at that time.
A. came
B. would come
C. had come
D. should come
答案：C
63. Why hasn’t he come? __________ on time, we would have to put off the trip.
A. If he doesn’t come
B. If he will not come
C. If he should not come
D. If he had not come
答案：C
64. It would have been a good match if it __________.
A. didn’t rain
B. isn’t raining
C. hadn’t rained
D. hasn’t rained
答案：C
65. If he had not gone out in the storm, __________.
A. he will be alive now
B. he would be alive now
C. he will have been alive now
D. he would have been alive now
答案：B
66. If you __________ early, you might have met him.
A. came
B. have come
C. had come
D. had to come
答案：C
67. You would have succeeded if you __________ trying.
A. keep on
B. kept on
C. had kept on
D. keeping
答案：C
68. If you had attended yesterday’s class, you __________ what to do now.
A. would have known
B. know
C. would know
D. have known
答案：C
69. I would pay you now if I __________ the money.
A. have
B. had
C. have had
D. had had
答案：B
70. If he had asked me, __________ there.
A. I should stay
B. I would have stayed
C. I would stay
D. I should have been stayed
答案：B
71. The new airport __________ if they had not stopped working on it.
A. would complete
B. had been completed
C. had completed
D. would have been completed
答案：D
72. If you __________ yesterday, you wouldn’t have met the great writer.
A. would not come
B. should not come
C. had not come
D. didn’t come
答案：C
73. If we __________ here ten minutes earlier, we __________ the bus.
A. arrived ... would catch
B. arrived ... would have caught
C. had arrived ... had caught
D. had arrived ... would have caught
答案：D
74. If it __________ tomorrow, what would we do?
A. rains
B. were to rain
C. would rain
D. rain
答案：B
75. She __________ if she had taken my advice.
A. wouldn’t have f ailed
B. would fail
C. hadn’t failed
D. didn’t fail
答案：A
76. --Do you have a lap-top?
--No, but I wish I __________.
A. have
B. had to
C. did
D. have had
答案：C
77. Had you come five minutes earlier, you __________ the funny story.
A. would have heard
B. would hear
C. might hear
D. must have heard 答案：A
78. If Kevin and Alina __________ here, we should be very happy.
A. are
B. had been
C. were
D. have been
答案：C
79. I should have attended Sarah’s birthday party. But you know ... how I wish I __________ there!
A. went
B. had been
C. have been
D. was
答案：B
80. If it __________ snow tomorrow, they would have to stay indoors.
A. was to
B. should
C. were
D. is to
答案：B
81. Peter would certainly have attended the lecture __________.
A. had his car not been out of order
B. were his car not out of order
C. if his car were not out of order
D. if his car were in good order
答案：A
82. If Mr. Morrison __________ time, he will certainly help us.
A. has
B. had
C. had had
D. would have
答案：请注意后半句he will certainly help me。这不是虚拟语气的句子。这里的if从句是一个状语从句的真实条件句。(答案A)
83. It is required that she __________ at six sharp.
A. will arrive
B. arrive
C. arrived
D. would arrive
答案：B
84. --I’m going to Canada next month.
--I wish I __________ time to go with you.
A. have
B. will have
C. had
D. would have
答案：在wish后的宾语从句的虚拟语气是个难点。我们知道在wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用“过去时表示对现在和将来的愿望”，用“过去完成时表示对过去的愿望”。但是当谓语动词是个情态动词时，用would／could do表示对现在和将来的“肯”和“能”。用would／could have done表示对过去的“肯”和“能”。请看例句：
I wish she came to my party tomorrow．我希望他明天将来我的聚会。(但是他明天不会来。)
I wish she had come to my party yesterday．我希望他昨天来我的聚会。(但是他昨天没有来。)
I wish she would come to my party tomorrow．我希望他明天肯(愿意)来我的聚会。(但是他明天不愿意来。)
I wish she would have come to my party yesterday．我希望他昨天肯(愿意)来我的聚会。[但是他昨天不肯(愿意)来。]
本题如果选C．I wish I had time to go with you．意思是：我希望我将有时间和你一起去。本题如果选D．I wish I would have time to go with you．意思是：我希望我肯有时间和你一起去。“肯有时间”不合逻辑。(答案C)
85. Had he started earlier, he __________.
A. would catch the train
B. would have caught the train
C. could catch the train
D. must have caught the train
答案：B
86. "I would have come sooner had it been possible. But I __________ that you were waiting. "
A. didn’t know
B. hadn’t known
C. hasn’t known
D. haven’t known
答案：A
87. " __________ them if you had been rich?"
A. You would help
B. Would you help
C. You would have helped
D. Would you have helped
88. "Gary, I wish you __________ so much. "
A. aren’t drinking
B. won’t drink
C. don’t drink
D. didn’t drink
答案：D
89. --Why didn’t you go to the concert l ast Friday?
--I was busy. I wish that I __________.
A. did go
B. could have gone
C. could go
D. went
答案：B
90. The order that all the soldiers __________ cross the river before dark has come.
A. must
B. had to
C. ought to
D. should
答案：D
91. Without the air to hold’ some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night __________, to cold for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold
B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold
D. can freeze coldly
答案：A
92. __________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not
B. Were it not
C. Had it not been
D. If they were not
答案：C
93. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she __________ something she would regret later.
A. had said
B. said
C. might say
D. might have said
答案：本句的otherwise代替一个if从句：otherwise=if Jane had not walked away from the discussion。这是个前半句是陈述语气，后半句是虚拟语气过去时的句子。本题意思是：昨天简在讨论中走了，如果不走的话，她可能会说一些她以后会后悔的话。(答案D)
94. What would have happened __________, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther
B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther
D. if Bob walked farther
答案：C
95. If you __________ your project, you can finish it tomorrow.
A. didn’t finish
B. should not have finished
C. haven’t finished
D. will not finish
答案：C
96. "How I wish I __________ young as you are!" the old man said sadly.
A. am
B. were
C. should be
D. would be
答案：B
97. Was it strange that she __________ when she got that good new?
A. should cry
B. has cried
C. would cry
D. might have cried
答案：A
98. Her smiling face suggested that she __________ satisfied with his answer.
A. was
B. were
C. had been
D. should be
答案：A
99. If you __________ carefully at yesterday’s class, you __________ be able to do this exercise now.
A. listened ... will be
B. had listened ... would be
C. would have listened ... should have been
D. were listening ... would have been
100. If I __________ at the very beginning that you are not a well-educated person, I __________ you so much.
A. know ... should not help
B. would know ... should not help
C. knew ... should not have helped
D. had known ... should not have helped
答案：D
高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学：The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课，授课内容为虚拟语气，授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评，大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习，学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识，复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如：I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等，并学习新的表达形式如：The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是，学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后，要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一，多数学生感到费解，因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用，并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式，有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1．知识与技能 1）复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型： I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式，尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达，特别是主句与从句时态的呈现；还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词，如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3）培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2．过程与方法 1）引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中，开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。
高中英语语法讲义——名词 名词的数 单数名词变复数名词的常用法则 （1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees. （2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes. （3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词把-y改为-i再加-es. 如：stories, countries. （4）以-o结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑人英雄 ．．中吃土豆 ．．、西． ．．．．在回声 红柿 ．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes. 下列以-o结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros (zeroes)零, mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。 （5）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为 了自己 ．．和一片树叶 ．．上，把狼．劈成了两半．，即：selves, lives, ．．．．站在架子 ．．手里拿着刀子 ．．和他的妻子 ．．活命．，小偷 thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves. 但下列以-f结尾的名词既可变f为v后加-es，也可直接在f后加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。 （6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。（7）“man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman和中心词都要变复数。 men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师 （8）不规则复数形式 ①变内部元音 foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese gentleman-gentlemen ②单复数同形的名词 sheep deer spacecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器Chinese Japanese
Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气（mood）是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气： ＊直陈语气（indicative mood）---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. ＊祈使语气（imperative mood）---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. ＊虚拟语气（subjunctive mood） If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night． 2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already．（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） 2、在if虚拟条件句中，有时可把连词省去，采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did，had，should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型，其意思不变。 1）Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park． 2）Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience． 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述，而用介词（如without， but for等）引出的短语、分词 （如supposing等）引出的短语、并列连词（如or，otherwise，but，though等）、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1）But for your advice，I would not be able to do this work． 2）Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened，otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark．。
一、选择题 1．—________ you Mary? —Yes, I ________. A．Are; is B．Is; am C．Are; am D．Am; is 2．In the past he often made his sister____, but now he is often made ___by his sister. A．to cry; to cry B．cry; cry C．to cry; cry D．cry; to cry 3．—Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? —No, I don’t , but my twin brother . He's very fond of cooking. A．does B．do C．is D．are 4．These chicken wings taste ________. I want more. A．well B．wonderfully C．nice D．bad 5．Parents always hope their children a happy and healthy life. A．to live B．can live C．living D．should live 6．What kind of music ________ he ________? A．does; listen B．does; listen to C．is; listen D．is; listen to 7．I think the music is great , and it is worth________ A．to listen B．to listen to C．listening D．listening to 8．A number of visitors ________visiting our school. The number of them________ about 180. A．is;are B．are; is C．is; is D．are; are 9．—William, your hat _______ nice. —Thanks. A．buys B．looks C．finds 10．Which of the following sentences is right? A．My books on the desk B．Nice meet you, too C．These are my dictionaries D．Thanks you for your help. 11．Lily and Lucy _______ their mother. They have big eyes and yellow hair. A．like both B．both are like C．both like D．are both like 12．Many students are so crazy about mobile games that they lose interest in their schoolwork, which _________ their parents and teachers a lot. A．worries about B．is worried about C．worries D．is worried 13．—Hey, Jack. Do you want to go to the library? —That ________ great. I love reading. A．hears B．looks C．sounds D．listens 14．— Tom in the library? —Yes,and his friends Eric and Dale in the library,too. A．Is;are B．Is;is C．Are;is 15．I have bought a Chinese – English dictionary. When and where_____ you _____ it?
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 ①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。否定句时not留在原来位置不变。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实，不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况，表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例： If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低)，they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注： 虚拟语气，条件状从倒装 状语从句中，去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如：If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外，without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中，也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及，publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.（表示可能性小）
2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义（9） 被动语态知识点整理总结 被动语态是中高考经常考的语法之一，也是日常口语和写作中必不可少的句子形式，今天笔者就带大家一起来学习它。 01 被动语态的概念 所谓被动语态是相当于主动语态而言的。如果主语是动作的执行者，那么我们就称其为主动语态，反之，如果主语是动作的承受者或动作的对象，那我们就称其为被动语态。如： 主: Many people speak Chinese. 被: Chinese is spoken by many people. 02 被动语态的结构 被动语态由"be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来。下面通过speak来说明常见时态的被动语态：一般现在时 am/is/are＋spoken 一般过去时 was/were＋spoken
一般将来时 will/shall be＋spoken 现在进行时 am/is/are being＋spoken 过去进行时 was/were being＋spoken 现在完成时 have/has been＋spoken 过去完成时 had been + spoken 03 被动语态的执行者 被动语态的执行者一般以by+人/物来引出。如果没有执行者或没必要说出执行者，则可以省略这部分。如： Some computers were stolen last night. 无法确定执行者，因此无by结构。 The glass was broken by Mike.
执行者是Mike，所以这里用by引出。 04 含有情态动词的被动语态 用“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”结构。 如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. 05 特殊情况主动变被动 make/let+sb+do变为被动要还原to。如： He made the boy work for two hours a day. The boy was made to work for two hours a day. 双宾语结构的物做被动语态主语时，后面要还原出介词。如：Jack gave Peter a present just now. A present was given to Peter just now. 巩固练习 1. The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time. A. sold B. had been sold
初中英语语法专项练习——虚拟语气（2） 1. Well, it is high time you ________the train. A. had caught B. caught C. will catch D. catch 2. He talks as though eh ________all the work himself, but in fact Jim and John did most of it. A. did B. has done C. does D. had done 3. He spoke as though he ________in space at that moment. A. walked B. would walk C. were walking D. would have walked 4. He looked ________he had just woken. A. that B. if though C. as if D. like 5. If only we ________a recorder of our own. A. had B. have C. will have D. would have 6. Mother told me to put on my coat ________I should catch cold. A. if B. unless C. in order that D. for fear that 7. She insisted that we ________there for another two days. A. stay B. would stay C. stayed D. must stay 8. I requested that he ________ us some advice on how to do it. A. must give B. give C. were to give D. gave 9. It was requested that the play ________again.
语法总结全集 名词和主谓一致 一、名词的分类 英语中名词主要可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1．可数名词 可数名词一般都有单复数。单数时，名词前可加不定冠词a/an；复数时，前面可加数词，名词本身要改成复数形式。 可数名词的复数有规则和不规则两种变化。规则的名词，只要在单数名词之后加“s”，“es”或去“y”加“ies”就行，如：an umbrella, twelve umbrellas；a factory, three factories。不规则的名词变化则要靠积累记忆，如：a mouse, ten mice；a policeman, six policemen。 有少数可数名词，如sheep，works（工厂），Chinese等，它们的单复数同形：a sheep, four sheep；a chemical works, five chemical works。 此外，还有一些可数名词只有复数形式，如clothes，trousers，cattle，police，people(人，人民)等。 英语名词中还有一些合成词，它们的复数形式有三种可能：1）后面的部分变成复数形式：grown-ups，boy students，grandchildren。2）前面的部分变成复数形式：passers-by，lookers-on，sons-in-law。3）前、后都变成复数形式：men doctors，women drivers。 2．不可数名词 不可数名词没有单复数的变化，前面也不能加a/an，或数词。但是我们可以用量词来表示不可数名词的数量，单复数表现在量词上，如：a piece of paper；two pieces of paper。 在有些情况下，不可数名词也可用a/an，表“一种”、“某种”的意思，如have a wonderful time，receive a good education，be made into a fine paper。 有时为了表示量大，不可数名词的后面也可加“s”，如sands，ashes，waters等。 但是我们在学习不可数名词的时候，特别要记住英语中有一些名词，它们无论在什么情况下，前面都不能用a/an，后面也不可加“s”，如weather，information，等。 3．有的名词既可是可数名词，也可是不可数名词 英语中有相当一部分的名词，既可以是可数，也可以是不可数，它们的意义有时略有不同，有时则完全不同。如：difficulty, success, time, work，paper，glass，等。 4．用于表示可数与不可数名词的数量“多”“少”的常用词和词组 跟可数名词连用的如：few, a few, many。 跟不可数名词连用的如：little, a little, much。 可数与不可数都能用的是：a lot of , plenty of。 二、主谓一致 1．通常被看作单数的主语部分 1）不定式、动名词和主语从句。 eg.. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. What he said was different from what he did. 2）表示“时间”“距离”“金钱数量”的名词。 eg. Twenty years is quite a long time. 10 kilometers doesn’t seem to be a long distance to Mira. 300 dollars is too much for this old coin.
2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法部分虚拟语气 表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 虚拟语气在if条件从句中的使用 【观察】 If I were you, I would go to bed early tonight. 如果我是你，我今晚就会早点睡。If you took the bus, you would be late for the film. 如果你坐公车去看电影，那么你就会迟到。 If Jack had scored that goal, we would have won the football match. 如果杰克射进了那个球，我们就会赢得那场足球比赛。 If she hadn’t come, I might have been in trouble. 如果她没来，我可能已陷入困境了。 I could help you if you had difficulty in doing your homework. 如果你做作业有困难，我会帮助你的。 If it were to rain tomorrow, they would not go out. 如果明天下雨的话，他们就不会出去。 【归纳】 注意：若从句中的谓语动词是be动词的话，一律用were。 【实践】 1.If he my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 2. 翻译：如果我有足够的钱，我会周游世界。 If I had enough money, I would travel around the world. 翻译：如果明天见到他，我会邀请他到我家。 If I should see / were to see / saw him tomorrow, I would invite him to my house. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句时，可以转换成下列形式： （1）省略if, 用“were, had, should + 主语”。如： Were she my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad. 如果她是我女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。 Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话，我肯定会成功的。 Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 如果明天有会议，我会来。 （2）含蓄条件句。虚拟语气句中不出现if 条件句，而是用介词、介词短语或连词通过上下文表现出来，这时须根据句子的含义判定是用虚拟现在式还是虚拟过去式。常见短语有：but for, without, otherwise, or 等。如：
初中英语语法三大从句总结 在初中英语中，主要有三大从句，即宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句（包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。 宾语从句 一、定义:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 二、连接词 that: I think that you can pass the exam. Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means. “Wh”: I don’t know what the word means. I don’t know where he found the book. 只用whether的情况： 1. 与or not连用： I don’t know whether it’s raining or not. 2. 与动词不定式连用： He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接词前有介词时： It depends on whether he is coming. 三、时态 1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam. 2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。 1）She said that she was a student. 2）She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. 3）She said that she had finished her homework already. 3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 定语从句 一、定义:在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。 二、先行词 先行词指人who /that 先行词指物which/ that 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后
高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
虚拟语气 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) Subjunctive Mood作为专门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的动词形式，仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。它仅有两个形式，即be型虚拟式和were型虚拟式。 Be型虚拟]----- be型虚拟式是以动词原形表示的，不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用原形，如动词为被动态，则助动词be也用原形。其主要用法如下： 1)用于表命令、决定、建议、坚持等词语之后的that分句中 这一用法又分三种情况： a)用在 decide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require, suggest,vote等动词之后的that分句中.（宾语从句） 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。 He ordered that all the books be sent at once. He ordered that all the books be sent at once. we propose that somebody neutral take the chair. She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday. b)用在 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,nece ssary,obligatory,proper等形容词之后的that分句中。（主语从句） It is essential that all the facts be examined first. It was appropriate that thisi tax be abolished. I thousht it advisable that an armed guard stand in readiness. c)用在 decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution等名词之后的that分句中。 The board has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston. We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. Their decision was that the school remain closed. 在这一用法中be型虚拟式能与“should+不定式”交替使用，也能与to-不定式交替使用。 He ordered that the books be sent at once . = He ordered that the books should be sent at onc. = He ordered that the books to be sent at once. 2）用于由if,though等引导的分句中.
高中英语语法讲义————特殊句式 倒装句 通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。 一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。 1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here, there, now, then, up, down ,in, out, away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrella. Then followed three days of heavy rain. Out rushed the children laughing loudly. Away flew the plane. 2.such 位于句首。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest sci entist. 注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 二．部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前 1.so+ be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，意为“...也是如此”。 They love making lots of friends; so do I. 2.neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“...也不这样”。 Lily can’t ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy. 3.否定词never, seldom, nor, not, little, hardly, scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。 Not a single mistake did he make. =He di dn’t make a single mistake. 4.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only then did I begin to understand him. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only if you work hard will you be admitted to a top university. 5.so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood Such progress did he make that he won much respect. 三．形式倒装：在语法上称为前置。只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。 1.感叹句 What an interesting talk they had! =How interesting a talk they had! 2.the+比较级.....,the +比较级.....句型 The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. 3.whatever+ n.或however+ adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句 Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise. However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening. 4,as / though引导让步状从，表语、状语、含情态动词的谓语提前，表语为单数名词提前不用冠词。 Young as /though he was, he was successful. Child as /though he is, he knows much.
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100万元，你会做什么？ We couldn?t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we
虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood,又称假设语气,是谓语动词的一种形式,表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反,在现实中并不存在,或实现的可能性很小。 一、动词的语气 语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood有三种,分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1.陈述语气 陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问,主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。 Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗? How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊! 2.祈使语气 祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。 Come this way,please! 请这边走。 Don't make any noise, will you 别吵,行吗? Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 3.虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。 May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! 二、条件句中的虚拟语气 英语中条件从句有两类,一类是真实条件句,另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句;如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。 A.真实条件句 真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。 If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来,我们就不等他了。 If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property.过去发生洪水的话,常有很大的生命和财产损失。 We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,我们将去那里。 I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净,我就让你用我的自行车。 B.非真实条件句 在含有非真实条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气,其构成有三种形式: 与现在事实相反if条件句的谓语:were did